GRID ANALYSIS FOR INTEGRATION OF WIND/SOLAR

GENERATION PLANTS

NOVEMBER 2015
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................................ 3

2 ASSUMPTIONS ............................................................................................................................................. 4

2.1 DEMAND FORECAST FOR THE NEXT 10 YEARS ............................................................................................................4

2.2 DEMAND SUPPLY BALANCE ....................................................................................................................................5
2.3 SOLAR/WIND GENERATION PLAN (5 YEAR)...............................................................................................................6
2.4 OTHER ASSUMPTIONS ..........................................................................................................................................7

3 METHODOLOGY ........................................................................................................................................... 7

3.1 GRID FLEXIBILITY .................................................................................................................................................7

3.2 SPINNING RESERVE ..............................................................................................................................................8
3.3 STEADY STATE ANALYSIS .....................................................................................................................................10
3.3.1 Planning Criteria ................................................................................................................................10
3.4 DYNAMIC STATE ANALYSIS ..................................................................................................................................12

4 STEADY STATE ANALYSES ........................................................................................................................... 12

4.1 POWER FLOW ..................................................................................................................................................12

4.1.1 Observations ......................................................................................................................................12
4.2 PV AND QV ANALYSIS: VOLTAGE STABILITY ANALYSIS .....................................................................................12

5 CONCLUSIONS ............................................................................................................................................ 38

6 ANNEX I: COMMITTED GENERATION ......................................................................................................... 40

7 ANNEX II: PV AND QV CURVES ................................................................................................................... 49

2|Page
1 INTRODUCTION
The Ugandan grid currently operates at 11kV, 33kV, 66kV and 132kV with a generation mix
comprising of large hydro, mini hydro, thermal and cogeneration plants.

In addition to the above generation mix, government intends to add solar and wind
generation plants in line with the renewable energy policy for Uganda, 2007 that advocates
for distributed electricity generation using renewable energy technologies.

Worldwide the main concerns with solar and wind renewable energy sources that relate to
grid stability and their possible solutions are:

I. Power generated by a solar/wind plant cannot be forecasted in the mid-term that is

for more than one day ahead as easily as thermal/hydro generation. A global
solution is to have enough primary reserve to cover the intermittent nature of
solar/wind energy plants.

II. The solar/wind plants do not provide a large amount of short circuit current in case of
a fault. Given that these power plants substitute thermal/ hydro power plants, short
circuit current decreases in the system and protection relays might have problems to
trip in case of a fault. The solution is to keep enough thermal/hydro power plants
connected to the system to provide the short circuit short circuit current for the short
circuit relays to operate.

The objective of this study is to determine the amount of wind and solar capacity that can be
integrated into the national generation mix without affecting grid stability in cognizance of
commissioning of 220kV, 400kV transmission lines, 600MW Karuma, 183MW Isimba hydro
power plants and the GETFIT projects.

3|Page
2 ASSUMPTIONS
2.1 Demand forecast for the next 10 years

Table 2-1: Demand forecast for the period 2015-2024

Year Umeme Energy Other Exports Transmission Loss Total UETCL %Growth Demand (MW)
Purchases Distribution (GWh) (GWh) Purchase
(GWh) Purchases (GWh)
(GWh)

2015 3,110 46 168 124 3,448 554

2016 3,351 58 168 122 3,699 7% 595

2017 3,628 73 168 128 3,997 8% 643

2018 3,918 92 201 135 4,346 9% 699

2019 4,244 116 201 141 4,702 8% 756

2020 4,584 146 242 143 5,115 9% 822

2021 4,945 183 242 149 5,519 8% 887

2022 5,326 231 242 149 5,947 8% 956

2023 5,742 290 242 161 6,435 8% 1,035

2024 6,188 365 242 174 6,969 8% 1,121

2.2 Demand supply balance

Table 2-2: Demand - Supply prognosis for the period 2015-2024

Year 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024

Total Demand 554 595 643 699 756 822 887 956 1,035 1,121
(MW)
Generation

Hydro (MW) 536 540 753 964 1,485 1,491 1,491 1,983 2,725 2,725
1Solar/Wind
- 24 37 37 102 102 102 102 114 114
(MW)
Cogeneration
(MW) 36 46 77 83 83 83 83 83 83 83

572 610 867 1,084 1,670 1,676 1,676 2,168 2,922 2,922
Total (MW)
2Primary

Spinning 18 15 224 385 914 854 789 1,212 1,887 1,801

Reserve (MW)
Thermal
Plants (MW) 50 100 50 100 100 260 240 220 200 180
Total
Spinning 68 115 274 485 1,014 1,114 1,029 1,432 2,087 1,981
Reserve

1
37 MW were considered are the reserve to be taken up by intermittent power sources in 2017 and 2018
2
Beyond 2017 this was agreed to be surplus energy which UETCL should look for its market and not spinning reserve.
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2.3 Solar/wind Generation Plan (5 year)

No Solar Company Wind/Solar Capacity Location

1 Access Uganda Solar Limited Solar 10MW Soroti
2 Tororo North Solar Limited Solar 10MW Tororo
3 MSS Xsabo Power Limited Solar 20MW Kabulasoke
4 MSS Xsabo Power Limited Wind 20MW Tororo
5 Fotowatio Renewable Ventures Limited Solar 50MW Tororo
7 Emerging Power Uganda Limited Solar 15MW Mayuge

Table 2-3: Generation plan of committed plants for the next 10 years as per GDP (Refer to annex1)

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2.4 Other Assumptions
I. It is assumed wind and solar are not complimentary.

II. Spinning reserve is from installed large hydro power generation plants.

III. Imported power from Interconnection i.e. Kenya is not considered as a reserve.

IV. The first solar/wind plant is expected to be commissioned mid-2016.

V. HFOs are considered as secondary spinning reserve.

VI. The reliability criteria for required transformation capacities and power evacuation
lines are being implemented under the GET FIT programme.

3 METHODOLOGY
The study considered grid flexibility, spinning reserve, steady state analysis and dynamic
state analysis to determine the amount of solar/wind that can reliably be integrated on the
national grid.

3.1 Grid Flexibility

Grid flexibility quantitatively determines the scope of intermittent renewable energy that the
grid can contain taking into account its required operational costs. Grid flexibility is an
indicator of the ability of both supply side and demand side resources to respond to
changes and uncertainties in the power system.

Grid flexibility = ((Peak demand (MW) – Minimum Demand (MW))/ Peak demand (MW)) x
100%.
 Table 3-1: Grid flexibility parameters

Annual September 2015

Peak demand (MW) 505MW
Minimum Demand (MW) 381MW
Flexibility (MW) 124MW
Flexibility (%) 24.55%

This implies that the grid can accommodate 124MW (24.55% of peak demand) from
intermittent renewable energy sources provided that there is sufficient spinning reserve on
the power system.

3.2 Spinning Reserve

The graph below shows the trend of the spinning reserve for the planning period 2015 –
2024. This implies that the integration of renewable energy sources into the grid will
increase over the years.

The primary spinning reserve by End-2015 is projected at 55 MW based on 10% of the

national peak demand.

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Figure 3-1: Forecast spinning reserve
3.3 Steady State Analysis
Steady state analysis comprised of power flow, PV, QV and fault analyses as per the Grid
code and planning criteria to study the operating limits when solar/wind plants are
integrated.

3.3.1 Planning Criteria

I. Voltage Tolerances

Table 3-2: Voltage tolerances

Normal condition Contingency condition

Transmission
bus voltage Minimum Maximum Minimum Maximum
Value Value (1.05 Value Value
(0.95 pu) pu) (0.9 pu) (1.1 pu)
Voltage
± 5% ± 10%
tolerance

II. Frequency

The normal frequency range is 49.5Hz to 50.5Hz i.e. 50±1%Hz or a frequency tolerance of
±0.5Hz on the base frequency of 50Hz.

III. Equipment loading

Table 3-3: Equipment loading

Loading Per
Unit
Normal 1.0
Allowable 1.2
overload
Flag for >1.2
upgrade
 IV. N-1 Contingency Operation/ Reliability Criteria

N-1 criterion is followed for reliability and security of supply.

V. Fault Current criteria

The maximum fault current/ fault levels should not exceed 80% of rated fault interrupting
capacity of the switchgear.

Table 3-4: Switchgear Rated fault current interrupting capacity

Rated Switchgear
Voltage Rating (kA)
(kV)
220 50
132 31.5
66 31.5
33 40
11 40

VI. Synchronism

The system will remain in synchronism after successful clearance of fault by the protective
devices.

VII. Reactive Power Compensation

Reactive power sources should be planned to sustain power system stability.

VIII. Voltage Selection

Voltage selection is based on the power to be transferred.

IX. Spinning Reserve

There should be enough generation spinning reserve to maintain system stability.

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3.4 Dynamic State Analysis
Dynamic state analysis was conducted to determine the extent to which both voltage and
frequency are maintained within established tolerances at all times. In this time frame, bulk
power system reliability is almost entirely controlled by system initial response, automatic
regulating equipment and control systems such as generator, governor and excitation
systems.

4 STEADY STATE ANALYSES

4.1 Power Flow
Power flow analyses was conducted using the PSSE software using the 2015 model as the
base model for the base case scenarios before and after integrating the proposed
wind/solar projects into the grid.

4.1.1 Observations
Scenario1: Analysis of the power system before integrating wind/solar projects into the grid.
There were no violations on operating limits of the power system

Scenario2: Analysis of the power system after integrating wind/solar projects into the grid.
There were no violations on operating limits of the power system when wind/solar projects is
added to the grid.
4.2 PV and QV analysis: VOLTAGE STABILITY ANALYSIS
PV and QV analysis was carried out at buses to which solar/wind plants are to be
connected to establish the maximum active power or reactive power that can be injected
without violating the bus voltage limits.
The voltage stability analysis has been carried out using PV and QV curves at buses
referred to as point of connection for the different solar/ wind plants that are licensed.

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 Table 4-2: Switchgear Rated fault current interrupting capacity

Plant Plant Capacity Location Grid Voltage for

type Peak interconnection interconnection
(MWp) (kV)
Access Africa Solar 10 Soroti Opuyo 33
substation
FRV &Iberica Solar 50 Tororo Tororo 132
substation
Building Solar 10 Tororo Tororo 33
energy substation
Wind 40 Kabulaso Kabulasoke 132
ke
Solar 5 Jinja Jinja 33
Industrial
Total 105

The P-V curve is a representation of the voltage change as a result of varying the active
power injected from the PV plant to the Uganda grid. Voltage instability starts at the knee
point of the P-V curve where the voltage drops rapidly following an increase in the injected
active power. The point of collapse is designated as the Voltage Collapse transfer limits and
takes place when the derivative of the curve is equal to infinite.

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PV analysis at Tororo 132kV

The above curve shows the P-V curve at Tororo 132kV bus under the normal operation of
the 50MW PV plant. From the curve it can be seen that the voltage collapse transfer limit
occurs about the incremental power transfer of 80MW to the grid at Tororo 132kV bus
without violating voltage limits of (0.9<V<1.1pu).

The above curve shows the generation at the solar plant for each incremental transfer to the
grid at Tororo 132kV bus under the normal operation of the PV plant. From the curve it can
be seen that up to 130MW can be generated from the plant and delivered to the grid at
Tororo 132kV bus without violating voltage limits of (0.9<V<1.1pu). This beyond the
operation limit of the FRV plant of 50MW
PV analysis at Tororo 33kV

The above curve shows the P-V curve at Tororo 33kV bus under the normal operation of the
10MWp PV plant. From the curve it can be seen that the voltage collapse transfer limit
occurs about the incremental power transfer of 10MW to the grid at Tororo 33kV bus without
violating voltage limits of (0.9<V<1.1pu).

The above curve shows the generation at the solar plant for each incremental transfer to the
grid at Tororo 33kV bus under the normal operation of the PV plant. From the curve it can
be seen that up to 18.4MW can be generated from the plant and delivered to the grid at
Tororo 132kV bus without violating voltage limits of (0.9<V<1.1pu). This is beyond the
operation limit of the Tororo Solar plant of 10MWp

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PV analysis at Opuyo 33kV

The above curve shows the P-V curve at Opuyo 33kV bus under the normal operation of
the 10MWp PV plant. From the curve it can be seen that the voltage collapse transfer limit
occurs 50MW is injected to the grid at Opuyo 33kV bus

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The following curve shows the generation at the solar plant for each incremental transfer to
the grid at Opuyo 33kV bus under the normal operation of the PV plant. From the curve it
can be seen that up to 57MW can be generated from the plant and delivered to the grid to
the grid at Opuyo 33kV bus without violating voltage limits of (0.9<V<1.1pu). This beyond
the operation limit of the Access plant of 10MWp.

PV analysis at Kabulasoke 132kV

The above curve shows the P-V curve at Kabulasoke 132kV bus under the normal
operation of the 40MW PV /wind plant. From the curve it can be seen that the voltage
collapse transfer limit occurs about the incremental power transfer of 110MW to the grid at
Kabulasoke 132kV bus
The following curve shows the generation at the solar plant for each incremental transfer to
the grid at Kabulasoke 132kV bus under the normal operation of the PV plant. From the
curve it can be seen that up to 144.3MW can be generated from the plant and delivered to
the grid to the grid at Kabulasoke 132kV bus without violating voltage limits of
(0.9<V<1.1pu). This beyond the operation limit of the Xsabo plants of 40MW
PV analysis at Jinja Industrial 33kV

The following curve shows the P-V curve at Jinja Industrial 33kV bus under the normal
operation of the 5MW PV plant. From the curve it can be seen that the voltage collapse
transfer limit occurs about the incremental power transfer of 10MW to the grid at Jinja
Industrial 33kV bus without violating voltage limits of (0.9<V<1.1pu).

The above curve shows the generation at the solar plant for each incremental transfer to the
grid at Jinja Industrial 33kV bus under the normal operation of the PV plant. From the curve

18 | P a g e
it can be seen that up to 14.8MW can be generated from the plant and delivered to the grid
to the grid at Jinja Industrial 33kV bus without violating voltage limits of (0.9<V<1.1pu).
The findings above showed that the respective buses can reliably evacuate the planned
solar/wind plants.
Fault analysis
Fault analysis was conducted to determine the ability of the existing circuit breaker ratings
and protection settings at the power system to isolate faults occurring when the wind/solar
projects are connected on the grid.
The findings revealed that when the wind/solar plants are installed on the planned locations
on the grid, there is no disruption to the fault levels on the system.
Dynamic State Analysis
All potential scenarios in the study were investigated with the integration of the wind/solar
projects on the system. The following scenarios were considered:
X. System operation under three phase fault at every point of connection.
XI. System performance with a sudden disconnection of large loads on the system such
as Hima at Nkenda substation, Tororo cement factory at Tororo substation.
XII. System performance/ response with a sudden disconnection of a solar/wind plant
XIII. System performance with a sudden disconnection of large generators at Bujagali,
Kiira and Nalubaale
XIV. System performance with a sudden disconnection of branches and transformers
coming from the point of connection of the solar/wind plants.
The bus voltage and frequency at each point of connection was studied under the
following scenarios:-
Scenario 1 – Base case with no solar
Scenario 2 – Solar connected to the grid
Scenario 3 – Solar plant disconnected from the grid

For each of the scenarios, a disturbance was created at 3s into the simulation and
allowed to last 80ms before it was cleared or before disconnecting the solar plant.
19 | P a g e
The analysis below is a comparison of scenarios to help determine whether the
system remains stable on connection and disconnection of the solar power plants at
the various points of connection to the grid.
TORORO 132kV
The plant under study is the connection of the FRV 50MW solar plant
Base case- prior to connecting the solar plant
A three phase fault was applied at Tororo 132kV bus prior to the connection of the
power plant.
As can be seen from the plots of frequency and voltage below, the system withstands
the fault and once it has been cleared, the system steadily recovers to its previous
steady state.
Channel Plot

0.012

0.01

0.007

0.005

0.002

-0.002

-0.005

-0.007

-0.01
0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250
Time (se conds)

b
c
d
e
f
g 25 - FREQ 3962 [TORO132 132.00] : base-FRV 2

Channel Plot
2.5

1.5

0.5

-0.5

-1

-1.5

-2

-2.5
0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250
Time (se conds)

b
c
d
e
f
g 26 - V OLT 3962 [TORO132 132.00] : base-FRV 2

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FRV 50MW connected at Tororo 132kV
Channel Plot
0

-0.002

-0.005

-0.007

-0.01

-0.012

-0.015

-0.017

-0.02

-0.022

-0.025
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
Time (se conds)

b
c
d
e
f
g 21 - FREQ 3962 [TORO132 132.00] : base-FRV -connected

Channel Plot
2.5

1.5

0.5

-0.5

-1

-1.5

-2

-2.5
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
Time (seconds)

b
c
d
e
f
g 22 - VOLT 3962 [TORO132 132.00] : base-FRV-connected

FRV disconnected

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 Channel Plot
0

-0.002

-0.005

-0.007

-0.01

-0.012

-0.015

-0.017

-0.02

-0.022

-0.025
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
Time (seconds)

b
c
d
e
f
g 21 - FREQ 3962 [TORO132 132.00] : base-FRV-disconnected

Channel Plot

1.09

1.08

1.07

1.06

1.05

1.04

1.03

1.02

1.01

1
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
Time (seconds)

b
c
d
e
f
g 22 - VOLT 3962 [TORO132 132.00] : base-FRV-disconnected

TORORO 33kV
The plant under study is the connection of the Tororo Solar North 10MWp solar plant
Base case- prior to connecting the solar plant
A three phase fault was applied at Tororo 33kV bus prior to the connection of the
power plant.

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As can be seen from the plots of frequency and voltage below, the system withstands
the fault and once it has been cleared, the system steadily recovers to its previous
steady state.

Channel Plot

0.012

0.01

0.007

0.005

0.002

-0.002

-0.005

-0.007

-0.01
0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250
Time (seconds)

b
c
d
e
f
g 31 - FREQ 3362 [TORO33 33.000] : base-TSN2

Channel Plot
2.5

1.5

0.5

-0.5

-1

-1.5

-2

-2.5
0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250
Time (seconds)

b
c
d
e
f
g 32 - VOLT 3362 [TORO33 33.000] : base-TSN2

Tsn connected
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 Channel Plot

0.012

0.01

0.007

0.005

0.002

-0.002

-0.005

-0.007

-0.01
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Time (seconds)

b
c
d
e
f
g 21 - FREQ 3362 [TORO33 33.000] : tsn-in

Channel Plot
2.5

1.5

0.5

-0.5

-1

-1.5

-2

-2.5
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Time (seconds)

b
c
d
e
f
g 22 - VOLT 3362 [TORO33 33.000] : tsn-in

Tsn disconnected

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 Channel Plot
0

-0.001

-0.001

-0.002

-0.002

-0.003

-0.003

-0.004

-0.004

-0.005

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Time (seconds)

b
c
d
e
f
g 23 - FREQ 3362 [TORO33 33.000] : tsn-out

Channel Plot
1.029

1.026

1.023

1.02

1.017

1.014

1.011

1.008

1.005

1.002

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Time (seconds)

b
c
d
e
f
g 24 - VOLT 3362 [TORO33 33.000] : tsn-out

RESULTS ON OPUYO 33kV

The plant under study is the connection of the Access solar 10MWp plant
Base case- prior to connecting the solar plant

A three phase fault was applied at Opuyo 33kV bus prior to the connection of the
power plant.
As can be seen from the plots of frequency and voltage below, the system withstands
the fault and once it has been cleared, the system steadily recovers to its previous
steady state

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 Channel Plot
0.002

0.001

0.001

0.001

0.001

0.000

0.000

-0.001

-0.001

0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250

Time (seconds)

b
c
d
e
f
g 27 - FREQ 3361 [OPOY33 33.000] : base-ACCESS2

Channel Plot
2.5

2.25

1.75

1.5

1.25

0.75

0.5

0.25

0
0 25 50 75 100 125 150
Time (seconds)

b
c
d
e
f
g 28 - VOLT 3361 [OPOY33 33.000] : base-ACCESS2

Access connected

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 Channel Plot
0.002

0.001

0.001

0.001

0.001

0.000

0.000

-0.001

-0.001

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Time (seconds)

b
c
d
e
f
g 21 - FREQ 3361 [OPOY33 33.000] : base-access-connected

Channel Plot
2.5

2.25

1.75

1.5

1.25

0.75

0.5

0.25

0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
Time (seconds)

b
c
d
e
f
g 22 - VOLT 3361 [OPOY33 33.000] : base-access-connected

Access disconnected
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 Channel Plot
0

-0.003

-0.005

-0.008

-0.01

-0.013

-0.015

-0.018

-0.02

-0.023

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Time (seconds)

b
c
d
e
f
g 21 - FREQ 3361 [OPOY33 33.000] : base-access-disconnected

Channel Plot

1.04

1.03

1.02

1.01

0.99

0.98

0.97

0.96

0.95
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
Time (seconds)

b
c
d
e
f
g 22 - VOLT 3361 [OPOY33 33.000] : base-access-disconnected

combined

28 | P a g e
 Channel Plot

21 - FREQ 3361 [OPOY33 33.000] : base-access-disconnected

21 - FREQ 3361 [OPOY33 33.000] : base-access-connected
0.002 0.002 0

0.001 0.001 -0.003

0.001 0.001 -0.005

0.001 0.001 -0.008

0.001 0.001 -0.01

0.000 0.000 -0.013

0 0 -0.015

0.000 0.000 -0.018

-0.001 -0.001 -0.02

-0.001 -0.001 -0.023

0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250

Time (seconds)

g
b
c
d
e
f 27 - FREQ 3361 [OPOY33 33.000] : base-ACCESS2
b
c
d
e
f
g 21 - FREQ 3361 [OPOY33 33.000] : base-access-connected
b
c
d
e
f
g 21 - FREQ 3361 [OPOY33 33.000] : base-access-disconnected

Channel Plot

33.000] : base-access-disconnected
33.000] : base-access-connected
2.5
1
2.25 1.04

2 1.03

0.75
1.75 1.02

1.5 1.01

1.25 1
0.5

22 - VOLT 3361 [OPOY33

1 0.99

22 - VOLT 3361 [OPOY33

0.75 0.98
0.25
0.5 0.97

0.25 0.96

0 0.95
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Time (seconds)

g
b
c
d
e
f 28 - VOLT 3361 [OPOY33 33.000] : base-ACCESS2
b
c
d
e
f
g 22 - VOLT 3361 [OPOY33 33.000] : base-access-connected
b
c
d
e
f
g 22 - VOLT 3361 [OPOY33 33.000] : base-access-disconnected

29 | P a g e
RESULTS ON KABULASOKE 132kV

The plant under study is the connection of the XSABO 40MW solar and wind power
plants
Base case- prior to connecting the solar plant

A three phase fault was applied at Kabulasoke 132kV bus prior to the connection of
the power plant.
As can be seen from the plots of frequency and voltage below, the system withstands
the fault and once it has been cleared, the system steadily recovers to its previous
steady
state
Channel Plot

0.012

0.01

0.007

0.005

0.002

-0.002

-0.005

-0.007

-0.01
0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250
Time (seconds)

b
c
d
e
f
g 33 - FREQ 3985 [KSKE132 132.00] : base-XSABO2
 Channel Plot
2.5

1.5

0.5

-0.5

-1

-1.5

-2

-2.5
0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250
Time (seconds)

b
c
d
e
f
g 34 - VOLT 3985 [KSKE132 132.00] : base-XSABO2

Xsabo connected

Channel Plot
0

-0.002

-0.005

-0.007

-0.01

-0.012

-0.015

-0.017

-0.02

-0.022

-0.025
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
Time (seconds)

b
c
d
e
f
g 21 - FREQ 3985 [KSKE132 132.00] : base-xsabo-connected

31 | P a g e
 Channel Plot

1.4

1.2

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Time (seconds)

b
c
d
e
f
g 22 - VOLT 3985 [KSKE132 132.00] : base-xsabo-connected

Xsabo disconnected

Channel Plot
0

-0.002

-0.005

-0.007

-0.01

-0.012

-0.015

-0.017

-0.02

-0.022

-0.025
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
Time (seconds)

b
c
d
e
f
g 21 - FREQ 3985 [KSKE132 132.00] : base-xsabo-disconnected

32 | P a g e
 Channel Plot
1.05

1.04

1.03

1.02

1.01

0.99

0.98

0.97

0.96

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Time (seconds)

b
c
d
e
f
g 22 - VOLT 3985 [KSKE132 132.00] : base-xsabo-disconnected

Combined plots

Channel Plot

132.00] : base-xsabo-disconnected
132.00] : base-xsabo-connected
0 0

0.012 -0.002 -0.002

0.01 -0.005 -0.005

0.007 -0.007 -0.007

0.005 -0.01 -0.01

0.002 -0.012 -0.012

21 - FREQ 3985 [KSKE132

21 - FREQ 3985 [KSKE132

0 -0.015 -0.015

-0.002 -0.017 -0.017

-0.005 -0.02 -0.02

-0.007 -0.022 -0.022

-0.01 -0.025 -0.025

0 25 50 75 100
Time (seconds)

g
b
c
d
e
f 33 - FREQ 3985 [KSKE132 132.00] : base-XSABO2
b
c
d
e
f
g 21 - FREQ 3985 [KSKE132 132.00] : base-xsabo-connected
b
c
d
e
f
g 21 - FREQ 3985 [KSKE132 132.00] : base-xsabo-disconnected

33 | P a g e
 Channel Plot

132.00] : base-xsabo-disconnected
132.00] : base-xsabo-connected
3 1.01 1.05

2.5 0.909 1.04

2 0.808 1.03

1.5
0.707 1.02
1
0.606 1.01
0.5
0.505 1
0

22 - VOLT 3985 [KSKE132

0.404 0.99

22 - VOLT 3985 [KSKE132

-0.5
0.303 0.98
-1

-1.5 0.202 0.97

-2 0.101 0.96

-2.5 0
0 25 50 75 100
Time (seconds)

g
b
c
d
e
f 34 - VOLT 3985 [KSKE132 132.00] : base-XSABO2
b
c
d
e
f
g 22 - VOLT 3985 [KSKE132 132.00] : base-xsabo-connected
b
c
d
e
f
g 22 - VOLT 3985 [KSKE132 132.00] : base-xsabo-disconnected

34 | P a g e
RESULTS ON JINJA INDUSTIAL 33kV
The plant under study is the connection of the Emerging Power Uganda 5MW solar
plant
Base case- prior to connecting the solar plant

A three phase fault was applied at Jinja Industrial 33kV bus prior to the connection of
the power plant.
As can be seen from the plots of frequency and voltage below, the system withstands
the fault and once it has been cleared, the system steadily recovers to its previous
steady state
Channel Plot

0.012

0.01

0.007

0.005

0.002

-0.002

-0.005

-0.007

-0.01
0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250
Time (seconds)

b
c
d
e
f
g 29 - FREQ 101 [JINJA IND_3333.000] : base-EPU2
 Channel Plot
2.5

2.25

1.75

1.5

1.25

0.75

0.5

0.25

0
0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250
Time (seconds)

b
c
d
e
f
g 30 - VOLT 101 [JINJA IND_3333.000] : base-EPU2

36 | P a g e
EPU CONNECTED

Channel Plot

0.012

0.01

0.007

0.005

0.002

-0.002

-0.005

-0.007

-0.01
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Time (se conds)

b
c
d
e
f
g 23 - FREQ 101 [JINJA IND_3333.000] : base-EPU-connected

Channel Plot
2
1.9
1.8
1.7
1.6
1.5
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.1
1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Time (se conds)

b
c
d
e
f
g 24 - V OLT 101 [JINJA IND_3333.000] : base-EPU-connected

DISCONNECTED
 Channel Plot
0

0.000

-0.001

-0.001

-0.002

-0.002

-0.003

-0.003

-0.004

-0.004

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Time (seconds)

b
c
d
e
f
g 25 - FREQ 101 [JINJA IND_3333.000] : base-EPU-disconnected

Channel Plot
0.993

0.992

0.991

0.99

0.989

0.988

0.987

0.986

0.985

0.984

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Time (seconds)

b
c
d
e
f
g 26 - VOLT 101 [JINJA IND_3333.000] : base-EPU-disconnected

The findings above showed that the integration of wind/solar plants does not affect the
dynamic stability of the national grid.
5 CONCLUSIONS
From the analysis conducted, it was observed that the solar/wind plants do not have a major
effect on system integrity. Out of this study, the following conclusions are made:
I. The addition of distributed solar/wind plants on the grid shall not affect grid stability
(dynamic/ transient stability) provided there is sufficient spinning reserve from hydro
power sources.

38 | P a g e
II. By End-2015, 55MW from solar/wind plants can be reliably integrated and evacuated
without causing any new voltage or frequency or operational violations.
III. In the period of 2017 – 2024, more than 100MW from solar/wind plants can be
integrated on the grid considering the fact that the spinning reserve is expected to
increase following the commissioning of the large hydro power plants such as Karuma
and Isimba.
IV. The specifications of the inverters used for the solar plants are crucial to the stability of
the grid.

39 | P a g e
6 ANNEX I: COMMITTED GENERATION
Table 6-1: Committed generation

Estimated
Technology Installed Capacity Estimated
No. Project Name Comment Commission
Option (MW) Plant Factor
Date

Construction complete
SAIL Cogen
1 Bagasse 11.9 80% awaiting connection to 2016
plant
Grid. License in Process

Construction complete
Mayuge Cogen
2 Bagasse 9.2 80% awaiting connection to 2016
plant
Grid. License in Process

Licensed, awaiting
construction project is
Biomass Plant
3 Biomass 1 80% experiencing feed stock 2017
Gulu
challenges to for fuel in
the plant.

Under construction as a
public project. Oversight
4 Isimba HPP Hydr 183 67% 2017
activities undertaken by
MEMD.
 Estimated
Technology Installed Capacity Estimated
No. Project Name Comment Commission
Option (MW) Plant Factor
Date

Licensed, signed PPA

signed and construction
start to start in Q4 2015.
5 Rwimi HPP Hydro 5.54 50% 2017
The project also Plant
qualified for a premium
under the GETFiT.

The project was

Licensed by ERA and
qualified for GETFiT
6 Lubilia HPP Hydro 5.4 50% 2017
Premium. Construction
is expected to start
before end of 2016.

The project was

Licensed by ERA and
7 Muvumba HPP Hydro 6.5 50% qualified for GETFiT 2017
Premium. Construction
started in 2015.

41 | P a g e
 Estimated
Technology Installed Capacity Estimated
No. Project Name Comment Commission
Option (MW) Plant Factor
Date

The project was

Licensed by ERA and
Waki Hydro
8
HPP
Hydro 4.8 50% qualified for GETFiT 2017
Premium. Construction
is ongoing.
The project was
Licensed by ERA and
9 Siti 1 HPP Hydro 5 50%
construction has already
2017
started.
Feasibility study
complete, PPA is signed,
NEMA and DWRM
10 Mahoma HPP Hydro 3 50%
cleared. Construction is
2017
expected to Start by Q4
2016.

Feasibility Study is
complete and EIA is
ongoing. Company is
11 Nkusi HPP hydro 9 50%
ready to start
2017
construction after
clearance with in 2016.

42 | P a g e
 Estimated
Technology Installed Capacity Estimated
No. Project Name Comment Commission
Option (MW) Plant Factor
Date

Licensed, awaiting
construction. Plant is
Albatros
12
Thermal Power
crude oil 50 90% relying of the activities 2018
of the oil exploration in
the Albertine.

The project was

Licensed by ERA and
13 Sindila HPP Hydro 5.25 50% 2018
construction is expected
to start in Q3 2015.

The project was

Licensed by ERA and
Nengo Bridge qualified for the GETFiT
14
HPP
Hydro 6.7 50%
premium. Construction
2018
is expected to start in
Q4 2015.

This is a planned
expansion of the already
Mayuge
15 Bagasse 21 80% existing 9MW plant. 2018
Cogen plant
Feasibility study is
ongoing.

43 | P a g e
 Estimated
Technology Installed Capacity Estimated
No. Project Name Comment Commission
Option (MW) Plant Factor
Date

The project was

Licensed by ERA. The
project has experienced
Nyamwamba some challenges due to
16 Hydro 9.2 50% 2018
HPP floods in the Kasese
region affecting the site.
Construction is expected
in before end of 2015.

The project was

Licensed by ERA. Project
has experienced some
17 Kakaka HPP Hydro 5 50%
EIA challenges but
2018
construction is expected
before end of 2016.

The project was

Licensed by ERA and
Agago-Achwa PPA has been initialed.
18 Hydro 83 50% 2018
HPP (ARPE) Construction is expected
to start in Q1 2016 after
financial close.
44 | P a g e
 Estimated
Technology Installed Capacity Estimated
No. Project Name Comment Commission
Option (MW) Plant Factor
Date

PPP partner with UEGCL

was found and feasibility
19 Nyagak III HPP Hydro 4.36 50% study complete. License 2018
application expected in
Q4 2016.

Feasibility Study
complete and license
20 Kyambura HPP Hydro 8.3 50% 2018
application expected in
Q 4 2016.

Feasibility study
complete awaiting
21 Sironko HPP Hydro 7 50% 2018
NEMA and DWRM
clearance.
Feasibility study
Nyamugasani 2 complete awaiting
22
HPP
Hydro 8 50%
NEMA and DWRM
2018
clearance.
Nyamagasani Feasibility Study
23 Hydro 15 57% 2018
HPP 1 ongoing.

45 | P a g e
 Estimated
Technology Installed Capacity Estimated
No. Project Name Comment Commission
Option (MW) Plant Factor
Date
Feasibility Study
Lake Albert ongoing. Awaiting
24 Natural Gas Natural Gas 50 50% details of fuel 2018
Project characteristics from
Ministry of Energy PEPD.
Feasibility Study
complete. License
25 Bukinda HPP Hydro 6.5 44%
application yet to be
2018
submitted.
Feasibility Study
26 Kabeywa HPP Hydro 12 50% 2018
ongoing.
Feasibility study
complete awaiting
27 Ndugutu HPP Hydro 5.1 50% 2018
NEMA and DWRM
clearance.

28 Kabale Peat Peat 30 70% Feasibility Study ongoing 2018

Under construction as a
public project. Oversight
29 Karuma HPP Hydr 600 65%
activities undertaken by
2019
MEMD and UEGCL.

46 | P a g e
 Estimated
Technology Installed Capacity Estimated
No. Project Name Comment Commission
Option (MW) Plant Factor
Date
Feasibility study
complete and UEGCL is
30 Muzizi HPP Hydro 44.7 70% 2019
seeking for a PPP
partner.

The project was

Licensed by ERA and
power evacuation
31 Siti 2 HPP Hydro 16.5 50% 2019
studies ongoing.
Construction is expected
to start in 2016.

Feasibility study
Muyembe- complete awaiting
32 Hydro 6.9 50% 2019
Sirimityo HPP NEMA and DWRM
clearance.
Feasibility Study is
Nyabuhuka-
33 Hydro 3.2 50% complete and EIA is 2019
Mujunju HPP
ongoing.
Feasibility Study
34 Bukwa HPP Hydro 9 50% 2019
ongoing.
Keere Small
35 Hydro 6.3 50% Feasibility Study ongoing 2019
HPP

47 | P a g e
 Estimated
Technology Installed Capacity Estimated
No. Project Name Comment Commission
Option (MW) Plant Factor
Date
Ngoromwo Feasibility Study
36
HPP
Hydro 8 50%
ongoing.
2020
Senok Wind Feasibility Study
37
Project
Wind 20 30%
ongoing.
2020

38 Oriang HPP Hydro 392 65% Feasibility Study ongoing 2022

The project was

Licensed by ERA. Project
Kikagati HPP still experiencing cross
39 Hydro 16 55% 2022
Project boarder implementation
challenges with
Tanzania.

Feasibility study is
complete. Project
40 Ayago HPP Hydro 600 65%
development is
2023
expected in 2017.

48 | P a g e
7 ANNEX II: PV AND QV CURVES
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