EMR-5000 User's Guide: Document Number 100-0058-02 (A)

EMR-5000™
User’s Guide
Document Number 100-0058-02 (A)

EMR-5000 User’s Guide version 2.3
August 2002
Published by
SkyStream Networks®
455 DeGuigne Drive
Sunnyvale, CA 94085-3890
Copyright © 1998-2002 by SkyStream Networks.
All rights reserved. No part of the contents of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in
any form or by any means without the written permission of the publisher.
Contributors
Technical Publications: Jonn Lavinnder and Regina Simmons
SkyStream Networks Engineering Department
Restricted rights
This document contains proprietary and confidential information of SkyStream Networks.
The contents of this document may not be disclosed to third parties, copied or duplicated in
any form, in whole or in part, without the prior written permission of SkyStream Networks.
Use, duplication, or disclosure of the technical data contained in this document is subject to
restrictions as set forth in subdivision (c)(1)(ii) of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer
Software clause at DFARS 52.227-7013 and/or in similar or successor clauses in the FAR, or
in the DOD or NASA FAR Supplement. Unpublished rights reserved under the Copyright
Laws of the United States. Contractor/manufacturer is SkyStream Networks, 455 DeGuigne
Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94085-3890, USA. SkyStream is a registered trademark of SkyStream
Networks. All other names are trademarks of their respective owners. SkyStream Networks
owns the following patents: U.S. Patent No. 6351474, 6351471, 6292490, 6246701, 6195368,
6148082, 6111896, 6064676 and has additional U.S. patents pending.
Software license and warranty
ATTENTION!
Use of the software program on the enclosed disks and/or installed on the computer is
subject to the terms of the License Agreement printed on the license card, in the license
booklet, or in the user documentation. You should not use this software until you have read
the License Agreement.
By using the software, you signify that you have read the License Agreement and accept its
terms.
License
SkyStream Networks hereby grants to the Customer a limited, non-exclusive license to use the
Software provided solely on the terms and conditions contained herein. “Software” means
each software program provided by SkyStream Networks in machine readable, object, printed
or interpreted form.
Limitations on use
The Software is licensed to the Customer solely for Customer’s internal use on the purchased
SkyStream Networks equipment and may not be used for any other purpose or application.
The customer is licensed to use the Software only on the designated SkyStream Networks
equipment. The Software may not be used by Customer on any other computer, on any other
SkyStream Networks or similar equipment, or at any other location, except as agreed by
SkyStream Networks in writing.
Customer will not:
Copy all or any part of the Software, except that Customer may make one copy of the
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SkyStream Networks
Software solely for backup purposes for its own exclusive use, provided that customer shall
reproduce and include on such backup copy SkyStream Networks’ proprietary rights notices.
I Use, print, copy, modify or display the software, in whole or in part, except as
specifically authorized by this Agreement.
I Sublicense, assign, resell, or otherwise transfer the Software to any third party. Any
attempted such sublicense; sale, assignment or transfer shall be void and shall be deemed
a material breach of this agreement.
I Reverse engineer, duplicate or otherwise reproduce the Software.
Customer acknowledges that this Agreement does not grant to Customer, and Customer will
not acquire hereby, any rights to patents, copyrights, trade secrets, trade names, trademarks
(whether registered or unregistered), or any other proprietary rights in or to the Software, all
of which are expressly retained by SkyStream Networks.
Customer acknowledges that the laws and regulations of the United States may restrict the
export and re-export of the Software or media in any form without appropriate United States
and foreign government approval.
If Customer is a unit or agency of the United States Government or is acquiring the Software
and Documentation for any such unit or agency, the following apply:
I If the unit or agency is the Department of Defense (DOD), the Software and its
accompanying documentation are classified as “commercial computer software” and
“commercial computer software documentation,” respectively, and, pursuant to DFAR
Chapter 227.7202, the Government is acquiring the Software and such documentation
with terms of the Agreement.
I If the unit or agency is other than DOD, the Software and its accompanying
documentation are classified as “commercial computer software” and “commercial
computer software documentation,” respectively, and pursuant to FAR Chapter 12.212,
the Government is acquiring the Software and such documentation in accordance with
the terms of this Agreement.
Warranty
SkyStream Networks makes no warranty, express or implied, in connection with the Software,
including the results and performance thereof, including without limitation any implied
warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose or non-infringement.
Limitation of liability
The maximum liability of SkyStream Networks to Customer for damages relating to this
agreement for any and all causes whatsoever, and Customer’s maximum remedy, regardless of
the form of action, whether in contract, tort or otherwise, shall be limited to the total fees
paid by Customer to SkyStream Networks hereunder. In no event shall SkyStream Networks
be liable for any lost data or content, lost profits, or business interruption, or for any indirect,
incidental, special, consequential, exemplary or punitive damages arising out of or relating to
the Software provided hereunder, even if SkyStream Networks has been advised of the
possibility of such damages.
Technical support
For technical support, first contact your reseller of SkyStream Products. If the product was
purchased directly from SkyStream, contact SkyStream Networks Customer Support through
the World Wide Web (www.skystream.com), via e-mail (service@skystream.com), or if
currently under a support contract phone (408) 616-3121; otherwise contact your local
SkyStream sales representative.
Document No. 100-0058-01(A)
ii
Agency compliance FCC Class A compliance

and cautions SkyStream Networks EMR equipment has been tested and found to comply with
the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules. These
limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference
when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This equipment
generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and
used in accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful interference
to radio communications. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is
likely to cause harmful interference, in which case the user will be required to
correct the interference at personal expense.
IMPORTANT!
Please note the following:
1 The SkyStream Networks EMR is intended for indoor use only.
2 In case of emergency, disconnect the power cord.
3 If a power cord is not provided:
- In the United States, use a standard computer power cord (as specified below).
- In Europe, for 230 volt operation, use a cord set marked “HAR” and consisting
of a min 3 core H05VVF3G075 cord that has a minimum 0.75 square mm
diameter conductors, provided with an IEC 320 receptacle and a male plug for the
country of installation, rated 6A, 250V.
4 Do not block the equipment vents.
Important safety Read the following safety information thoroughly before installing
information! this SkyStream Networks’ product. Failure to follow this safety
information may lead to personal injury or damage to the
equipment.
I Installation, maintenance, removal of parts, and removal of the unit must be done by
qualified SkyStream authorized service personnel.
Power supply
I This unit must be grounded.
I The unit must be connected to a grounded outlet to comply with product safety
standards.
I Do not connect the power supply unit to an AC outlet without a ground connection.
Power cord
The power cord must be approved for the country where it is used.
• For USA and Canada:
I The cord set must be UL-approved and CSA-certified.
I The attachment plug must be an earth-grounding type with a NEMA 5-15P (15A
125V) plug and a EN60320/IEC320 recepticle.
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SkyStream Networks
EMR operating temperature

The EMR enclosure meets all specifications over a 41°F to 104°F (5°C to 40°C)
ambient temperature range with a maximum temperature gradient of 36°F
(20°C) per hour. The enclosure should be located such that the ambient
temperature at the front and rear of the unit is not exceeded. Air flow may be
needed to achieve these temperatures. Continual or sustained operation at
temperatures above these values may degrade MTBF. Operation of the EMR
enclosure at the maximum temperature is intended for short time periods only.
Continuous operation at the elevated temperatures will reduce product
reliability.
Relative humidity
The values below assume that no condensation on the EMR enclosure occurs.
• Operating: 8% to 90% relative humidity with a maximum gradient of 30% per
hour.
• Non-operating: 5% to 95% relative humidity.
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SkyStream Networks
Table of Contents
Overview ................................................................................................................................... 1
SkyStream EMR™ ............................................................................................................................................2
Operating Procedures ................................................................................................................................3
Standard Features .......................................................................................................................................4
Optional Features .......................................................................................................................................7
Hardware Specifications and Installation ................................................................................9
Hardware ...........................................................................................................................................................10
EMR Specifications ..................................................................................................................................10
Controls, Indicators and Connections ...................................................................................................11
Basic Connections ....................................................................................................................................12
Null-Modem Serial Cable Configuration ..............................................................................................12
Crossover Cable Configuration (static IP) ............................................................................................14
Network Hub Configuration (static IP) ................................................................................................16
Network Hub Configuration (DHCP) ..................................................................................................18
Regulatory Compliance ............................................................................................................................20
Replacing the backup battery ..................................................................................................................21
System Logon .........................................................................................................................23
First Time Logon .............................................................................................................................................24
CLI Login ...................................................................................................................................................24
Web GUI Login ........................................................................................................................................25
CLI Commands and Operation .............................................................................................27
Command Line Interface ...............................................................................................................................28
CLI Basics ..................................................................................................................................................28
Navigation in config-mode .....................................................................................................................29
Configuration Values ................................................................................................................................29
Command Definitions ....................................................................................................................................30
root .......................................................................................................................................................30
show .....................................................................................................................................................30
show cli-tree ........................................................................................................................................31
show running-config .........................................................................................................................32
show interface .....................................................................................................................................37
show interface satrx1 .........................................................................................................................37
show interface eth1 ............................................................................................................................38
show interface eth2 ............................................................................................................................38
show interface ppp ............................................................................................................................38
show interface isdn (optional) ..........................................................................................................39
show interface sync (optional) .........................................................................................................40
show active_pids ................................................................................................................................41
show active_macs ..............................................................................................................................41
show active_fkcas ..............................................................................................................................41
show skycast_rules .............................................................................................................................42
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show skynat_rules .............................................................................................................................. 42

show skynpt_rules ............................................................................................................................. 43
show tcpX ...........................................................................................................................................43
show version ....................................................................................................................................... 44
show turbointernet-vpn .................................................................................................................... 44
no ......................................................................................................................................................... 45
ifconfig ................................................................................................................................................ 45
netstat .................................................................................................................................................. 47
ping ...................................................................................................................................................... 47
reboot .................................................................................................................................................. 48
route ..................................................................................................................................................... 48
passwd ................................................................................................................................................. 48
date ....................................................................................................................................................... 49
timezone .............................................................................................................................................. 49
config ................................................................................................................................................... 50
[config-mode] pref ............................................................................................................................. 51
[config-mode] interface ..................................................................................................................... 53
[config-mode interface] satrx1 ......................................................................................................... 53
[config-mode] interface eth1 or eth2 .............................................................................................. 55
[config-mode] interface ppp ............................................................................................................ 55
[config-mode] interface ppp (node) ................................................................................................ 56
[config-mode interface ppp] server ................................................................................................. 56
[config-mode interface ppp] network ............................................................................................. 57
[config-mode interface ppp] hardware ........................................................................................... 58
[config-mode interface ppp] modem .............................................................................................. 58
[config-mode] interface isdn (optional) .......................................................................................... 59
[config-mode] interface isdn (optional) .......................................................................................... 59
[config-mode interface isdn] server ................................................................................................ 59
[config-mode interface isdn] ppp .................................................................................................... 60
[config-mode interface isdn] line .....................................................................................................61
[config-mode] interface sync (optional) ......................................................................................... 61
[config-mode] active_macs1 ............................................................................................................ 62
[config-mode] active_pids1 ..............................................................................................................63
[config-mode] active_fkcas1 ............................................................................................................ 63
[config-mode] skycast .......................................................................................................................63
[config-mode] skycast_rule ..............................................................................................................64
[config-mode] skynat1 .......................................................................................................................65
[config-mode skynat1] .......................................................................................................................66
[config-mode skynat1 skynat_rules] ............................................................................................... 66
[config-mode skynat1 skynpt_rules] ............................................................................................... 67
[config-mode] snmp .......................................................................................................................... 67
[config-mode snmp mib2sys] ........................................................................................................... 68
[config-mode snmp access] ..............................................................................................................68
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[config-mode snmp trap] ..................................................................................................................69

[config-mode] tcpX ...........................................................................................................................69
[config-mode tcpX] network ............................................................................................................70
[config-mode tcpX network] server ................................................................................................70
[config-mode tcpX network] client .................................................................................................71
[config-mode tcpX] compression ....................................................................................................72
[config-mode tcpX] userport ...........................................................................................................72
[config-mode] turbointernet-vpn .....................................................................................................73
[config-mode turbointernet-vpn] pptp ...........................................................................................73
[config-mode turbointernet-vpn] ipsec ...........................................................................................74
[config-mode turbointernet-vpn ipsec] IPSecConf ......................................................................75
[config-mode turbointernet-vpn ipsec] IPSecKeyExchange .......................................................75
[config-mode turbointernet-vpn ipsec] IPSecSecurity .................................................................76
[config-mode turbointernet-vpn] connection ................................................................................77
[config-mode turbointernet-vpn] advanced ...................................................................................77
maintenance ........................................................................................................................................78
maintenance kernel_list .....................................................................................................................78
maintenance boot_mode ..................................................................................................................79
maintenance sw_upgrade ..................................................................................................................79
maintenance key_upgrade .................................................................................................................80
maintenance reset_counter ...............................................................................................................81
maintenance configuration ...............................................................................................................81
maintenance configuration list .........................................................................................................81
maintenance configuration wrt ........................................................................................................82
maintenance configuration del .........................................................................................................82
maintenance configuration load .......................................................................................................82
maintenance configuration default ..................................................................................................83
maintenance tcpXmode ....................................................................................................................83
diag .......................................................................................................................................................83
diag run ................................................................................................................................................84
diag view ..............................................................................................................................................84
diag upload ..........................................................................................................................................85
diag syslog ...........................................................................................................................................86
stats .......................................................................................................................................................86
stats satrx1 ...........................................................................................................................................86
stats eth1 ..............................................................................................................................................87
stats eth2 ..............................................................................................................................................87
stats tcpX (optional) ..........................................................................................................................87
stats ppp ..............................................................................................................................................88
stats isdn (optional) ............................................................................................................................88
stats turbointernet-vpn ......................................................................................................................89
stats sync (optional) ...........................................................................................................................89
Web GUI Configuration ......................................................................................................... 91
vii
Web GUI .......................................................................................................................................................... 92

Using SkyStream EMR ............................................................................................................................ 92
Navigation ................................................................................................................................................. 93
Help Topics ............................................................................................................................................... 93
Statistics ............................................................................................................................................................ 94
Satellite Receiver ....................................................................................................................................... 94
Network Interface .................................................................................................................................... 96
SkyCast .....................................................................................................................................................100
SkyNAT ...................................................................................................................................................102
DHCP Server ..........................................................................................................................................105
PPP ...........................................................................................................................................................106
ISDN ........................................................................................................................................................107
TCP Acceleration ...................................................................................................................................108
Sync ...........................................................................................................................................................109
Turbo Internet/VPN .............................................................................................................................110
Multifrequency Settings .........................................................................................................................114
Configuration .................................................................................................................................................115
Satellite Receiver .....................................................................................................................................115
Network Interface ..................................................................................................................................120
PID Selection ..........................................................................................................................................122
MAC Address Selection ........................................................................................................................124
Static Routes ............................................................................................................................................126
SkyCast .....................................................................................................................................................128
SkyNAT ...................................................................................................................................................132
DHCP Server ..........................................................................................................................................135
SNMP .......................................................................................................................................................137
PPP ...........................................................................................................................................................139
ISDN ........................................................................................................................................................151
Fixed Key CAS .......................................................................................................................................159
TCP Acceleration ...................................................................................................................................161
Turbo Internet/VPN .............................................................................................................................166
Sync ...........................................................................................................................................................181
Date and Time ........................................................................................................................................182
E-Mail Notification ................................................................................................................................183
Maintenance ...................................................................................................................................................185
Preferences ..............................................................................................................................................185
Configuration File ..................................................................................................................................189
Software Upgrade ...................................................................................................................................192
Change Password ....................................................................................................................................194
System Reboot ........................................................................................................................................195
Diagnostics .....................................................................................................................................................196
Ping ...........................................................................................................................................................196
Netstat ......................................................................................................................................................198
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System Check ..........................................................................................................................................199

Log Information .....................................................................................................................................201
Software Information .............................................................................................................................203
Hardware Information ...........................................................................................................................203
Troubleshooting ................................................................................................................... 205
Troubleshooting .............................................................................................................................................206
LED Display ............................................................................................................................................206
Error and Event Logging ......................................................................................................................207
IPSec Debugging ....................................................................................................................................208
Password Recovery Procedure .............................................................................................................209
Software Upgrade ...................................................................................................................................210
Command Definitions .......................................................................................................... 205
ping ..................................................................................................................................................................206
route .................................................................................................................................................................209
netstat ..............................................................................................................................................................213
TCP Acceleration Working with Applications ..................................................................... 217
Working with Applications ..........................................................................................................................218
Overview ..................................................................................................................................................218
Connecting the TCP Acceleration Client to a LAN .........................................................................218
Glossary ................................................................................................................................. 223
Acronyms, Abbr. & Definitions ..................................................................................................................224
Forms: Bug Reports .............................................................................................................. 233
Customer Bug Report Checklist ..................................................................................................................234
ix
x
Chapter 1: Overview
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SkyStream Networks
SkyStream EMR™
The SkyStream Edge Media Router (EMR) is a powerful platform to receive and
MPEG-2 (Motion Pictures Experts manage Internet content at the network edge— empowering service providers
Group) A group of standards that and enterprises to deliver rich content to large communities of users via
specify an encoding and broadcast and broadband networks. The SkyStream EMR receives MPEG-2
compression process. An MPEG- transport stream containing IP traffic, decapsulates this IP traffic and forwards
2 system provides a method for it over a pair of 10/100 Ethernet ports. Each port is capable of forwarding
combining (multiplexing) several
types of multimedia information
packets up to 100 Mbps. The EMR supports both unicast and multicast traffic.
into one stream.
IP (Internet Protocol) A
connectionless protocol that
provides packet routing.
Multicasting One-to-many
transmission of an IP datagram to a
host group—a set of one or more
hosts identified by a single IP
multicast destination address. A
multicast datagram is delivered to all
members of a destination host group
with the same reliability as unicast IP
datagrams.
2 Overview
Operating The following is a short review of how the satellite receiver and its related
components route data through the system.
Procedures
Frequency Translation Basics
Sending data such as audio, video, and digital data, from one location to another
often requires rearranging it in a variety of ways. The sender packs up the
information, and the receiver unpacks it when received. The signal is sent via
satellite where the satellite dish receives the signal. In order for the signal be
delivered to the receiver, the signal must be down converted (modified) to be
carried over coaxial cable.
Satellite signals, coming from space use higher carrier frequencies than television
broadcast frequencies. Large dish antennas use signals in the C frequency band
(3 to 5 GHz) and the current popular consumer small dish antennas use signals
in the Ku frequency band (10 to 13 GHz). These carrier frequencies are too high
to be used on the coaxial cable that connects the antenna to the receiver.
To rectify this problem, the antenna system down converts the carrier frequency
value to the range between 950 and 2150 MHz, which is consistent with the
coaxial cable transmission requirements.
Many satellite frequencies are available, and the same receiver might be used to
cover a wide range of frequencies. For example, you may need to receive a signal
range of 10.90 to 13.25 GHz. This is a range larger than the satellite receiver is
able to support.
Using a dual-range LNB antenna is one solution to this problem. Each LNB uses
LNB (Low Noise Block) A a different frequency range. Each LNB monitors either the low or the high part
combination Low Noise Amplifier of the frequency range. The satellite receiver must be able to switch the LNB
and downconverter built into one settings from one to the other in order to work with this type of system.
device attached to the feed.
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SkyStream Networks
Standard Features Easy Management of Data Routing to the Local Area Network
Data coming into the network via multicast streams are easily routed to a
TTL (Time To Live) This value network or server. Administration for incoming streams including IP address
decrements each time the IP and Time-To-Live (TTL) modification provide easy configuration for various
frame moves through a router. LAN environments.
When the number reaches the
value of zero, the stream is IGMP Service
discarded.
The IGMP service is an integrated option included in the SkyStream EMR. Only
IGMP (Internet Group data that is requested by the clients on the LAN is forwarded to the listeners.
Management Protocol) A control IGMP automatically detects when requests are made on the network where the
protocol used by multicast- user application supports IGMP. In addition, the system administrator is able to
enabled hosts to report their group configure rules for each incoming multicast stream.
membership information to
directly-attached routers. Recovery Features
OS (Operating System) The Many levels of technology have been included to ensure configuration integrity
master control program that runs during the initial and re-boot sequences due to power failure or network
the computer. The operating problems. With solid-state memory, a protected OS file system, and stored
system is the first program loaded configuration data, the SkyStream EMR has administrator-free recovery features.
when the computer is turned on,
and its main part, called the Monitoring
“kernel,” resides in memory at all
times. The SkyStream EMR provides monitoring and diagnostic functionality for
safeguarding data integrity.
SNMP (Simple Network
Management Protocol) A Online Management
standard protocol to manage Configuration of the SkyStream EMR is handled online using either a command
devices in the network.
Manageable devices contain an
line interface (CLI) or a Web GUI. In this way, all satellite tuning, data handling,
SNMP Agent responsible for and IP routing functions can be controlled and managed remotely via the local
handling the information control area network (LAN). In addition, the EMR supports SNMP management, using
request. third party applications such as HP OpenView.
Turbo Internet/VPN
SkyStream’s Turbo Internet solution employs an asymmetrical satellite network
that provides a high-speed delivery system. Turbo Internet uses the EMR, in an
end-to-end broadband content delivery system that includes an IP encapsulator,
such as the SkyStream satellite Source Media™ Router (SMR). Most Internet
traffic is asymmetrical in nature. There is much more data going toward the
Internet terminal than away from it. The Turbo Internet takes advantage of this
fact and employs a high-capacity forward path and a lower-capacity return path,
such as ISDN or modem. SkyStream’s solution also incorporates Virtual Private
Networking (VPN), which emulates point-to-point connectivity. For a secure
VPN, data is encrypted using a protocol called the Point-to-Point Tunneling
Protocol (PPTP), or IPSec.
4 Overview
SkyNAT
SkyNAT is the SkyStream EMR application used to support packet translation
of incoming data from satellite for address translation, protocol translation, and
TTL translation.
The objective of packet translation in an Edge Media Router is to modify IP
packets received from the satellite interface prior to sending them on to the
Ethernet interface. The following types of translations are possible:
I IP address translation: Modify the destination address of the received packet
prior to sending it out.
I Protocol translation: Transfer the payload of the packet from one protocol to
another.
I Port translation: Modify the destination and/or source port of a packet; these
translations are protocol-dependent.
I Other translations: Modify other fields in the IP header, such as the Time-To-
Live (TTL) field.
The EMR suppor ts address translation, protocol translation, and TTL
translation.
Address Translation
Address translation means replacing the received destination IP address, in the
packet received from the satellite interface, with a different IP address prior to
sending it out over the Ethernet interface.
Protocol Translation
Protocol translation is the process of receiving data payloads in one protocol,
and then re-transmitting these payloads in another protocol. The most common
layer-4 data transfer protocols in use are TCP and UDP.
UDP to TCP
UDP (User Datagram Protocol) A
The EMR is capable of converting UDP from the DVB link into TCP in the
connectionless transport-level
protocol used in the suite of IP-
local area network to reliably deliver the payload. Of course, appropriate client
based protocols. software applications are required to take advantage of this, since packet
boundaries are lost in the conversion from UDP to TCP.
TCP (Transmission Control
Protocol) The connection- On the TCP side of the connection, the EMR will listen on a TCP port and wait
oriented, transport-level protocol for clients to connect (i.e., it will act as a server).
used in the suite of IP-based The EMR supports multiple clients on the same stream, with a set maximum of
protocols.
five clients. The EMR will manage each connection independently. This allows
for point-to-multipoint support.
SkyCast
SkyCast is the SkyStream EMR system used for IP Multicast Management. The
user has the option to enable or disable SkyCast; however, the default rule will
continue to be processed.
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SkyStream Networks
Rules for Multicast Packet Processing

From a rule structure created by the user, the EMR will read the initial startup
value of the default processing. If no session file exists or if a default processing
is not set in the session file, the EMR will still forward the stream to a listener.
This is one of the purposes of having SkyCast enabled.
The default rule’s IP address and Netmask are as follows:
1 IP Address: 224.0.0.0
2 Netmask: 240.0.0.0
3 TTL: 0
This r ule instr ucts the EMR to forward all multicast addresses (address
224.0.0.0, mask 240.0.0.0) without changing the TTL (indicated by the value 0).
Each rule can take the following actions:
Forward-if-listener
For the default processing to be forwarded-if-listener, the user must enable
SkyCast.
The forwarding rule is as follows:
Multicast packets will only be forwarded into the local Ethernet port(s) if hosts
in the attached network have joined the group.
Forward
The selection of this option implies that the user wants to always forward
packets to the local Ethernet ports. The user adds rules for forwarding packets
via the following two mechanisms:
I Unicast to Multicast
I Multicast to Multicast
To accomplish this, the user must specify the destination Ethernet interface
through which the packet will be forwarded.
Discard
The EMR will discard the packets with the specified destination address.
6 Overview
Optional Features
ISDN
HDLC (High-level Data Link Integrated Service Digital Network (ISDN) has an optional connection in the
Control) An ISO communications expansion slot at the back of the EMR that is configurable via the Web GUI or
protocol used in X.25 packet
switching networks. It provides
CLI commands. ISDN allows data to be transmitted from point-to-point and
error correction at the data link reach a destination without errors. The rate of transmission of the data in the
layer. ISDN is 64 kbps per channel.
Bit stuffing Adding bits to a

NOTE Two channels are supported in this release.
transmitted message in order to Sync Transmission Interface
round out a fixed frame.
The EMR has a Sync-In port option through an expansion slot at the back of the
VSAT (Very Small Aperture unit and configurable via the Web GUI or CLI commands. The Sync-In port can
satellite Terminal) A small earth receive streams of synchronous data from an SMR or IP encapsulator. After
station for satellite transmission
that handles up to 56 kbits/sec of
receiving HDLC frames with bit stuffing via satellite, the SMR packetizes the
digital transmission. frames using the Data Pipe packetizer and sends them on to the EMR. The EMR
then forwards the MPEG-2 Transport Stream through a Sync card to a Sync
Receiver.
Internal Modem
The EMR has optional internal modem in the expansion slot at the back of the
unit. You can select this option in Configuration PPP, Hardware Settings.
TCP Acceleration
TCP Acceleration optimizes the use of TCP over satellite. This feature
overcomes the resource consumption problems normally associated with
Internet/Intranet applications in a satellite environment. TCP Acceleration
supports both passive and active FTP, concurrent TCP connections, VSAT, and
redundancy backup.
Features
I Acceleration—Provides an optimized reliable transport protocol that
maximizes bandwidth utilization and reduces overhead traffic.
I Compression—Compresses data packets in real-time, thereby reducing overall
bandwidth requirements and accelerating information transfer.
I Ease of Integration—Acts as a proxy and inter operates with industry standard
Internet applications and network elements such as firewalls and routers.
I Scalability—Highly scalable using multiple servers together with the Master
server, it can handle tens of thousands of users.
I Redundancy—Designed to be fully redundant and meets carrier and enterprise
reliability requirements.
Benefits
I Efficiently utilizes bandwidth requirements
7
SkyStream Networks
I Acceleration applications response times

I Optimizes allocation of network resources
Licensing Key
TCP Acceleration is an optional feature of the EMR. To receive a licensing key,
contact your local SkyStream Networks sales representative or service provider.
8 Overview
Chapter 2: Hardware Specifications and

Installation
9
SkyStream Networks
Hardware
This chapter outlines the hardware, software specifications, and initial setup and
installation for the SkyStream EMR. In addition, you will learn how to connect
and configure the EMR to communicate with your local network.
EMR • External Connector — F Type female

Specifications • Receiving Frequency — 950 MHz to 2150 MHz
• Input Signal Level — -65 dBm to -25 dBm
• RF Input Impedance — 75 ohm
• Embedded Linux Operating System
Physical Specifications
Dimensions: 1.75” High x 17” Wide x 13” Long
Weight: 3.8 kg
Operating Temperature: -0° to 40°C
Storage Temperature: -55° to 85°C
Humidity (operating) 10% to 90%
Power Requirements and Specifications

Input Voltage: 100-240 V ac
Frequency: 50-60 Hz
Power Consumption: 40 W (typical)
Regulatory Compliance: UL, CE, FCC
10 Hardware Specifications and Installation

Controls, Description of the controls, indicators and connectors on the front and rear
panels of the SkyStream EMR shown below:
Indicators and
EMR front bezel and indicators
Connections
Front bezel indicators are as follows:

Transport stream activity Indicators
The front bezel offers a series of Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs)
for immediate indication of the status of each of the network
cards. The upper LED, labeled “LINK,” indicates that you have
achieved the frequency and symbol rate lock to the satellite
signal. The bottom LED, labeled “DATA,” will flash indicating
that the FEC is locked.
Expansion slot activity Indicators
The EXP LEDs indicate the status of each of the network cards.
The upper LED, labeled “ACTIVE,” indicates network card
activity. The bottom LED, labeled “CONFIG,” should be on solid
indicating that this card is healthy.
LAN activity indicators
These LEDs light up if the EMR is connected to a LAN (two
LANs maximum). The upper LED indicates an active link, and if
flashing, indicates that data is transmitting. The lower LED
indicates that the system is transmitting at 100 Mbps and will
stay off if it is at 10 Mbps.
EMR rear panel connectors with PCI expansion slot
11
SkyStream Networks
Basic Connections The following sections walk you through different available options to setup the
basic connection to the EMR. Review the configurations before you begin to
determine which is the best option for your installation.
You can configure the EMR using four basic connections:
• Null-modem Serial Cable — Serial connection using a null-modem serial
cable, configuring the EMR using the Command Line Interface (CLI).
• Crossover Cable (Static IP) — Ethernet connection with a crossover cable,
configuring the EMR using the Web GUI.
• Network Hub (Static IP) — Ethernet connection through a hub,
configuring the EMR using the Web GUI.
• Network Hub (DHCP) — Ethernet connection through a hub, configuring
the EMR using the Web GUI.
NOTE The PCI expansion slot at the back of the unit can be used for any of
the optional PCI cards.
Null-Modem Serial The following components are required for the installation of the SkyStream
EMR with the Null-modem serial cable configuration:
Cable
Configuration
Hardware Dependencies
Null-modem cable An RS-232 • Low Noise Block Converter (LNB) connected to the satellite receiver
cable used to connect two
personal computers together in • Satellite Receiver
close proximity for file transfer. It
attaches to the serial ports of both • Sync card (optional)
machines and simulates what • PC or workstation with a serial port.
would occur naturally if modems
and the phone system were used. Cables Required – (supplied by the user)
It crosses the sending wire with
the receiving wire. • Serial null-modem cable
• Coaxial cable for connecting to satellite receiver on the EMR
Software Requirements
• Serial port software for the PC workstation; for example, Windows™
HyperTerminal
IMPORTANT NOTE Looking at the unit from the back, there are two serial
connectors; plug the console into the left-hand serial port. If you are using a
modem, plug it into the right-hand (AUX) serial port.

The following steps will walk you through connecting a PC directly to the EMR
with a serial null-modem cable giving you access to the Command Line Interface
configuration page:
1 Mount the EMR in a 19-inch standard rack using the screws and brackets
provided. (See separate installation sheet.)
2 Connect to the satellite receiver at the back of the EMR using coaxial cable.
3 Connect the SkyStream EMR to a PC via the serial null-modem cable.
4 Connect the power cord to the EMR and to an available power source.
5 Turn on the power switch found on the back of the EMR.
6 Once the EMR is on, start a HyperTerminal session to open a connection to
the EMR with the PC or workstation.
7 Configure HyperTerminal to 9600 baud, 8 bits, no parity, 1 stop (9600 N81)
and set Flow control to “None.”
8 Enter the user name to log in, this will open the Command Line Interface
(CLI). See Chapter 3, “First Time Logon.”
NOTE No password is required if none is assigned.
For information on how to configure the SkyStream EMR using the CLI, see
Chapter 4, “CLI Commands and Operation.”
13
SkyStream Networks
Crossover Cable The following components are required for the installation of the SkyStream
EMR with the Crossover cable (static IP) configuration:
Configuration
(static IP)
Crossover cable A network • Low Noise Block Converter (LNB) connected to the satellite receiver
cable that crosses the transmit
and receive lines. The crossover • Satellite Receiver
cable is used to connect hubs
and switches together using • ISDN card (optional)
standard MDI-X ports, which are • Internal modem (optional)
already crossover ports. The
crossover cable crosses the lines • PC or workstation with a serial port.
first so that after the MDI-X
crosses the lines, they are Cables Required – (supplied by the user)
effectively back to a non-crossed
condition.
• Crossover cable
• Internet Web GUI

NOTE When using the internal modem, plug the phone line into LINE and use
PHONE as a phone extension.
with an Ethernet crossover cable giving you access to the Web GUI:
1 Mount the EMR in an available 19-inch standard rack using the screws and
brackets provided. (See separate installation sheet.)
3 Connect the SkyStream EMR to a PC via a crossover network cable. (You
must connect the cable to LAN 1 connector on the back of the EMR.)
4 Connect other end of crossover cable to the PC or workstation you are using
to connect to the EMR.
5 Connect the power cord to the EMR and an available power source.
7 Enter the following IP address and subnet mask for the PC or workstation
you are using to connect to the EMR:
IP Address = 172.16.1.3
Subnet mask = 255.255.255.0
This will allow you to connect to the EMR through the Web GUI.
NOTE Consult the appropriate Microsoft documentation for details on how to
configure the IP address and subnet mask on the PC.
8 If the power light and LAN 1 LEDs on the front of the EMR panel are on
then the EMR is running. Enter the EMR’s IP address in the Web GUI’s
address field as follows: http://172.16.1.2
Default EMR IP Address: 172.16.1.2
See Chapter 3, “First Time Logon.”
For more information on how to configure the EMR through the web interface,
refer to Chapter 5, “Web GUI Configuration.”
15
SkyStream Networks
Network Hub The following components are required for the installation of the SkyStream
EMR with the Network hub (static IP) configuration:
Configuration
(static IP)
Network hub A central • Low Noise Block Converter (LNB) connected to the satellite receiver.
connecting device in a network
that joins communications lines • Satellite Receiver
together in a star configuration.
• Secondary Satellite Receiver (optional)
Static IP address A permanent
IP address that is assigned to a
• PC or workstation with a serial port.
node in a TCP/IP network. • Hub for network interface
Servers and routers are usually
assigned static IP addresses, Cables Required – (supplied by the user)
while client stations are often
assigned dynamic IP addresses • Network cable
from a DHCP server each time • Coaxial cable for connecting to satellite receiver on the EMR
they come online.
• Internet Web GUI

with an Ethernet hub giving you access the Web interface:
3 Connect the SkyStream EMR to the hub using a network cable. You must use
the LAN 1 connector.
4 Connect the power cord to the EMR and an available power source.
6 Enter the following IP address and subnet mask for the PC or workstation
you are using to connect to the EMR:
IP Address = 172.16.1.3
Subnet mask = 255.255.255.0
This will allow you to connect to the EMR through the Web GUI.
NOTE Consult the appropriate Microsoft documentation for details on how to
configure the IP address and subnet mask on the PC.
7 If the power light and LAN 1 LEDs on the front of the EMR panel are on
then the EMR is running. Enter the EMR’s IP address in the Web GUI’s
address field: http://172.16.1.2
Default EMR IP Address: 172.16.1.2
See Chapter 3, “First Time Logon.”

To configure the EMR and satellite receivers further, refer to Chapter 5, “Web
GUI Configuration.”
17
SkyStream Networks
Network Hub The following components are required for the installation of the SkyStream
EMR with the Network hub (DHCP) configuration:
Configuration
(DHCP)
DHCP (Dynamic Host • Low Noise Block Converter (LNB) connected to the satellite receiver
Configuration Protocol) Software
that automatically assigns IP • Satellite Receiver
addresses to client stations
logging onto a TCP/IP network. It • DHCP Server – (supplied by the user)
eliminates having to manually
assign permanent IP addresses. • PC or workstation
DHCP software typically runs in
servers and is also found in • Hub for network interface
network devices such as ISDN
routers and modem routers that Cables Required – (supplied by the user)
allow multiple users access to the
Internet. • Ethernet cable
Internet Web GUI – (supplied by the user)

using Ethernet and giving you access to the Web GUI:
2 Connect to the satellite receiver coaxial cable(s) at the back of the EMR.
3 Connect the SkyStream EMR to the hub where the PC and the DHCP server
are connected. Make sure you connect the cable to LAN 2 port.
4 Connect the power cord to the EMR and to an available power source.
6 Find the MAC address for the EMR’s LAN 2 Ethernet port. (Either on a
sticker on the back of the EMR or in additional documentation provided with
the EMR.)
7 Configure your DHCP server to recognize the EMR’s MAC address and
automatically assign a predetermined IP address that conforms to your local
network. If no DHCP server is found and this operation fails, then Ethernet 2
will be assigned to 172.16.2.2.
8 If the power light and LAN 2 LED on the front of the EMR panel are on then
the EMR is ready to be configured for data transfer. Enter the EMR’s IP
address in the Web GUI’s address field.
For more information on how to configure the EMR through the web interface,
refer to Chapter 5, “Web GUI Configuration.”
19
SkyStream Networks
Regulatory
Compliance
Feature Standard Comments
Electromagnetic FCC Class B Noise frequency range: 30 MHz to
Interference (EMI) EN 55024 (1998) 1GHz
EN 55022 (1995)
Class A
VCCI Class A
FCC Part15 Sub part B
Class ACISPR 22/85
Class A
Immunity: EN 61000-4-2 Discharges of ± 15kV with an air
Electrostatic Discharge IEC 1000-4-2 discharge probe on the receptacle
cause no damage
Immunity: EN 61000-4-3 With a field strength of 10 V/m
Radio Frequency IEC 1000-4-3 rms, noise frequency ranges from
Electromagnetic Field 10 MHz to 1 GHz
Eye Safety IEC 825-1 Class 1
Safety EN 60950 Class 1

Replacing the backup The lithium battery on the motherboard powers the real time clock (RTC) for up
battery to 10 years in the absence of power. When the battery starts to weaken, it loses
voltage, and the system settings stored in CMOS RAM in the RTC may be
wrong. Contact your customer service representative or dealer for a list of
approved devices.
WARNING (for Customer Service trained technician)
There is a danger of explosion if battery is incorrectly replaced. Replace only
with the same or equivalent type recommended by the equipment manufacturer.
Discard used batteries according to manufacturer’s instructions.
Instructions
The following instructions should
only be undertaken by a trained
service person.
1. Observe the standard safety
and ESD precautions.
2. Open the chassis.
3. Insert the tip of a small flat
bladed screwdriver, or
equivalent, under the tab in the
plastic retainer.
4. Gently push down on the
screwdriver to lift the battery.
5. Remove the battery from its
socket.
6. Dispose of the battery
according to local ordinances.
7. Remove the new lithium
battery from its package, and
observe the correct polarity;
insert it in the battery socket.
8. Close the chassis.
21
SkyStream Networks

Chapter 3: System Logon
23
SkyStream Networks
First Time Logon

Accessing the SkyStream EMR happens in one of two ways. You
can use either a command-line interface (CLI) or a Web GUI. In
addition, you can access the CLI either through the serial port or
through telnet via the Ethernet interface. The web interface is
accessed via the Ethernet. The following sections walk you
through the logon processes for the CLI or Web GUIs.
CLI Login If an Ethernet or a Web GUI connection is not available, you can
configure the SkyStream EMR with the Command Line Interface
(CLI) using the serial port connection, this is reviewed in “Basic
Connections.”
Security
There are two levels of security/authentication in the EMR:
I emradmin —full privileges
I emruser —cannot change SMMP properties (PIDs and Ports)
TIP SkyStream recommends that Start Telnet from the management PC.
only users familiar with the CLI
format use the Command Line 1 Click the Windows Start button.
Interface. 2 Click Run.
3 In the Open box, type: telnet xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx
(and the IP Address of the EMR you are connecting to)
4 Click OK.
5 Type at EMR5000 login: emradmin
NOTE No password is required at this time, just press Enter.
TIP To look at more lines than can

be seen, when typing CLI
commands, right-click the Command
Prompt Window title bar and click
Properties. Click Layout tab and
change page Buffer Width to 90 and
Height to 70. Make sure that “Let the
system position the window” is
checked. This should allow you to
use scroll bars to view the lines of
text.
24 System Logon
Web GUI Login Start the Web GUI from the management PC by typing the EMR’s
IP address in the Web GUI’s address field.
Security
There are two levels of security/authentication in the EMR:
I emradmin —full privileges
I emruser —cannot change SMMP properties (PIDs and Ports)
1 Click File from the Menu Bar.
2 Click Open...
3 In the Open box, type: (EMR IP address)
TIP After you have logged on for the 4 Click one of the buttons (Statistics, Configuration,
first time, a good practice is to Maintenance, or Diagnostics) on the left side of the page. This
change the password. See Chapter will open a Network Password dialog box.
4, “Command Definitions—passwd.”
ALSO See: Chapter 5,
“Maintenance—Change Password.”
5 In User Name type: emradmin.

NOTE No password is required at this time.
6 Click OK.
25
SkyStream Networks
26 System Logon
Chapter 4: CLI Commands and Operation
27
SkyStream Networks
Command Line Interface

CLI Basics This chapter covers the basic operation and commands of the Command Line
Interface (CLI). After reading this chapter, you will be able use the CLI to
configure and manage the EMR.
You can access the SkyStream EMR’s command line interface through a Telnet
or console (serial port) connection. Accessing the command line interface is
referred to as a CLI session.
When you establish a CLI session, commands within the EMR’s CLI are in a tree
structure. To configure the EMR, you need to understand how to navigate the
CLI tree structure. The following section walks you through navigating within
the CLI tree. With the help of the question mark (?) and “Show” functions, you
will learn how to determine where you are in the tree, and what functions and
subcommands are available.
Depending on the position within the tree structure, you will have access to
different command options. Once in a given configuration branch, you may
enter the system level configuration commands that apply to that particular
level. In addition, the command prompt changes to reflect the position within
the tree structure to assists with navigation. This allows for easy reference within
the tree structure when in configuration mode.
To start a CLI session, see Chapter 3, “CLI Login.”
To list the main nodes available at the CLI level, type a question mark (?) at the
prompt and hit Enter.
Typing “?” at the prompt will display the following commands: show, no,
ifconfig, netstat, ping, reboot, route, passwd, config, maintenance, diag, and
stats.
When you combine “show” with the question mark (?), the system displays all
the subcommands that you can view. For example, when you type “Show cli-
tree,” the system displays all nodes, subcommands, and functions of the “cli-
tree.”
Type “show cli-tree” to display the CLI tree structure:
This command will display all the root nodes and root subcommands of “cli-
tree” (see Command Definitions).
You can use the “?” with “show” subcommands when there are functions below
the subcommands at this level; for example, “show interface ?”. This will display
the interfaces available.
NOTE Type a space between “show” and “?.”
28 CLI Commands and Operation

Navigation in The CLI has a special configuration mode, which allows you to configure
individual subsystems. By typing “config” at the prompt, you will enter
config-mode configuration mode. The prompt will then change to:
[config-mode]#
To review what functions are available, enter a question mark (?) at the prompt.
Type “?” at the [config-mode]# prompt:
The following functions will display: pref, interface, active_macs1, active_pids1,
active_fkcas1, skycast, skycast_rule, skynat1, snmp, tcpX, and turbointernet-
vpn.
At the [config-mode]# prompt, enter the next node you wish to access; for
example, when you enter interface, the command prompt changes to [config-
mode interface]#. To access the nodes at the next level, enter a question mark
(?) at the prompt.
Type “?” at the [config-mode interface]# prompt:
Displays the following interfaces: satrx1, eth1, eth2, ppp, isdn (optional) and
sync (optional).
At the [config-mode interface]# prompt, enter the next node you wish to
access. For example, when you enter satrx1 {, the command prompt changes to
[config-mode interface satrx1]#. To display the options at the next level, enter
question mark (?) at the prompt.
NOTE The user must type “{” after the node to configure. If not, CLI will return
“{ <CR>” meaning that the user must type “{“ followed by a carriage return
(Enter).
Type “?” at the [config-mode interface satrx1]# prompt:
The satellite-configuration option list appears, which shows all the configurable
options available on the interface (see Command Definitions).
Configuration Each configuration option has a value that you can enter. For example, the “String”
values on the “IfStatus” options allows you to enter a rule. The “IP Address” is
Values simply the IP address being assigned to the Ethernet connection of the satellite
receiver. The “Integer” value is a number for setting the specific option.
TIP When typing commands in CLI, To set the satrx1 to 10 Msymbols, at the prompt, type “symbolrate 10.” It should
after a few keystrokes, use the TAB look like this:
key to complete a command
automatically. [config-mode interface satrx1]# symbolrate 10
NOTE To return to [config-mode], type “}” to close the current node or, to go
to the CLI prompt, type “exit.”
Conventions: A convention used throughout this User Guide is the use of
“<>” (greater than and lesser than brackets)—brackets enclose keystroke
instructions. For example: <filename> means, type the name of a file, or <CR>
means, press “Enter” i.e., a Carriage Return.
29
SkyStream Networks
Command Definitions
The following section defines all the commands used by CLI.
root
Command Type: ?
Description Shows all top-level root nodes
Range (Nodes at top-level)
Example show Show commands to display information

no Disable commands
ifconfig Show active interface status
netstat Show Networking statistics
ping Ping the specified host
reboot Reboot the emr box
route Show IP routing table
passwd Update user password
config Enter the configuration mode
maintenance Maintenance command tree
diag Diagnostics command tree
stats Root of the statistics command
show
Command Type: show ?
Description Shows all show subcommands
Range (All show subcommands)
Example cli-tree Display the CLI tree

running-config Display the current configuration
interface Root of the show interface commands
active_pids Display active PIDs list
active_macs Display active MACs list
active_fkcas Display active fkcas list
skycast_rules Display SkyCast rules
skynat_rules Display SkyNAT rules
skynpt_rules Display SkyNPT rules
tcpX Display TCP Acceleration setting
version Show system version information
turbointernet-vpn Display Turbo Internet setting

show cli-tree
Command Type: show cli-tree
Description Shows all CLI tree root nodes and root subcommands
Range (All show subcommands)

NOTE ISDN, Sync, and TCP Acceleration are optional features, the CLI
commands for these options will only be available if you have these options.
Example root -> show no ifconfig netstat ping reboot route passwd
config maintenance diag stats
root show -> cli-tree running-config interface active_pids
active_macs active_fkcas skycast_rules skynat_rules
skynpt_rules tcpX version turbointernet-vpn
root show cli-tree ->
root show running-config ->
root show interface -> satrx1 eth1 eth2 ppp isdn sync
root show interface satrx1 ->
root show interface eth1 ->
root show interface eth2 ->
root show interface ppp ->
root show interface isdn ->
rrot show interface sync ->
root show active_pids ->
root show active_macs ->
root show active_fkcas ->
root show skycast_rules ->
root show skynat_rules ->
root show skyntp_rules ->
root show tcpX ->
root show version ->
root show turbointernet-vpn ->
root no ->
root ifconfig ->
root netstat ->
root ping ->
root reboot ->
root route ->
root passwd ->
root date ->
root timezone ->
root config ->
root maintenance -> kernel_list boot_mode sw_upgrade
key_upgrade reset_counter configuration tcpXmode
root maintenance kernel_list ->
root maintenance boot_mode ->
root maintenance sw_upgrade ->
root maintenance key_upgrade ->
root maintenance reset_counter -> satrx1
root maintenance reset_counter satrx1 ->
root maintenance configuration -> list wrt del load default
factory
root maintenance configuration list ->
31
SkyStream Networks
root maintenance configuration wrt ->

root maintenance configuration del ->
root maintenance configuration load ->
root maintenance configuration default ->
root maintenance configuration factory ->
root maintenance tcpXmode ->
root diag -> run view upload syslog
root diag run ->
root diag view ->
root diag upload ->
root diag syslog ->
root stats -> satrx1 eth1 eth2 tcpX ppp isdn turbointernet-
vpn sync
root stats satrx1 ->
root stats eth1 ->
root stats eth2 ->
root stats tcpX ->
root stats ppp ->
root stats isdn ->
root stats turbointernet-vpn ->
root stats sync ->
show running-config
Command Type: show running-config
Description Shows what interfaces are running
Range (All configurations running)
Example pref {
PidInputStyle hex
Telnet enable
HTTP enable
RouterMode enable
BoostLevel disable
PidRateMonitoring enable
ConsoleLogView enable
FECMode auto
PromiscuousMode disable
MACForwarding ethernet-1
TCPProxy disable
SMMPCtrlPidStatus lock
SMMPDataPidStatus lock
SMMPCtrlPortStatus lock
SMMPDataPortStatus lock
SMMPAutoDiscPortStatus lock
SMMPCtrlAddrMCastStatus lock
SMMPDataAddrMCastStatus lock
SMMPCtrlPid 0X1FF5
SMMPDataPid 0X1FF6
SMMPCtrlPort 20000
SMMPDataPort 20001
SMMPAutoDiscPort 20002

SMMPCtrlMCastAddr 230.10.10.10
SMMPDataMCastAddr 230.10.10.11
}
interface satrx1 {
IfStatus up
IPAddr 200.100.100.100
SubnetMask 255.255.255.0
SatInFreq 0.00
SymbolRate 20.00
Polarization disable
LNBMode none
LBANDFreq 1176.00
LNBLowFreq 0.00
LNBHighFreq 0.00
ViterbiRate 1/2
22KHzSwitch disable
}
interface eth1 {
IfStatus up
IPAddr 10.1.1.2
DHCP disable
}
interface eth2 {
IfStatus up
IPAddr 192.168.4.113
DHCP enable
}
interface ppp {
}
interface ppp server {
PhoneNum
Username
Password
DebugStatus off
ExpectSendEntry1 -,-
}
interface ppp network {
UsePeerDefaultRoute yes
MaxRecvUnit 1500
MaxRecvUnit 1500
ConnectTimeout 120
}
interface ppp hardware {
33
SkyStream Networks
LineSpeed 57600
HwFlowControl enable
}
interface ppp modem {
InitString ATE0V1Q0&D2
DialString ATDT
}
interface ppp {
}
interface isdn server {
PhoneNumber Not Set
UserName Not Set
Password Not Set
}
interface isdn ppp {
UseThisAsDefaultRoute yes
VJHeaderCompression enable
BChannel twochannels
MRU 2000
MTU 1500
IPAddressNegotiation enable
RequestedIPAddress 0.0.0.0
RequestedRemoteIPAddress 0.0.0.0
}
interface isdn line {
DChannelProtocol ni1
MSNEAZ1 Not Set
MSNEAZ2 Not Set
SPID1 Not Set
SPID2 Not Set
interface sync {
PID 0XFFFF
SerialBitShift LSB
Speed 0
}
active_macs1 {
01:00:5e:00:00:00
}
active_pids1 {
0X1FF5
}
active_fkcas1 {
}
skycast {
Status enable
DefaultOrgDestIPAddr 224.0.0.0
DefaultNetmask 240.0.0.0
DefaultTTL 15

DefaultAction fwd-if-listner
DefaultFwdOutNetworkIf eth1
}
skycast_rule {
224.6.6.6 224.6.6.6 2 fwd eth1 255.255.255.255
224.6.1.24 224.6.1.4 2 fwd eth1 255.255.255.255
}
skynat1 {
nat_status disable
npt_status disable
}
skynat1 skynat_rules {
}
skynat1 skynpt_rules {
}
snmp mib2sys {
SysContact support@skystream.com
SysLocation Sunnyvale
}
snmp access {
public rw
}
snmp trap {
192.168.4.161 public
}
tcpX {
TransparentProxy disable
}
tcpX network server {
PrimaryRemoteServerAddr 192.168.4.177
PrimaryRemoteServerPort 2915
SecondaryRemoteServerAddr 0.0.0.0
SecondaryRemoteServerPort 2913
POP3ServerAddr 0.0.0.0
POP3ServerPort 110
SMTPServerAddr 0.0.0.0
SMTPServerPort 25
NNTPServerAddr 0.0.0.0
NNTPServerPort 119
}
tcpX network client {
HTTPListenPort 9090
POP3ListenPort 110
FTPListenPort 9091
SSLListenPort 9092
SMTPListenPort 25
NNTPListenPort 119
}
tcpX compression {
CompressionStatus disabled
35
SkyStream Networks
CompressionLevel 1
HTTPCompressionStatus no
FTPCompressionStatus no
}
tcpX compression fileext {
txt
doc
html
htm
bmp
}
tcpX userport {
192.22.23.24 23 333
}
turbointernet-vpn pptp {
ServerIPAddress 192.168.4.187
Username 1234
Password 1234
SatelliteMacFilter pppaddress
}
turbointernet-vpn ipsec conf {
GatewayIPAddress 192.168.4.186
IPSecMode tunnelmode
RemoteSubnet 0.0.0.0
RemoteSubnetMask 192.0.0.0
LocalSubnet 0.0.0.0
LocalSubnetMask 240.0.0.0
}
turbointernet-vpn ipsec ike {
EncryptionAlgorithm 3des
AuthAlgorithm hmacmd5
DiffHellman group2
AuthMode sharedsecret
SharedSecret 1234
}
turbointernet-vpn ipsec security {
UseAuthHeader UnKnownEnumValue
AHAuthenticationAlgorithm hmacmd5
UseESP UnKnownEnumValue
ESPEncryptionAlgorithm 3des
ESPAuthenticationAlgorithm hmacmd5
ReplaceKeyEverySeconds 28800
ReplaceKeyEveryKBs 100000
}
turbointernet-vpn connection {
ConnectionUsed ipsec
InitiateConnection automatic
Status IPSec Disconnected, PPTP Disconnected
}

turbointernet-vpn advanced {
NATApplied ethernet-1
MACPrefix 1234
}
show interface
Command Type: show interface ?
Description Shows interface settings
Range (EMR interface cards)
Example satrx1 Display Satellite Receiver Interface 0 setting

eth1 Display Network Interface 0 setting
eth2 Display Network Interface 1 setting
ppp Display PPP setting
isdn Display ISDN setting
sync Display Sync Interface setting
show interface satrx1

Command Type: show interface satrx1
Description Shows interface satrx1 settings
Range (see [config-mode] interface satrx1)
Example SatRx1
current settings
SatRxIfStatus :up
SatRxIPAddr :200.100.100.100
SatRxSubnetMask :255.255.255.0
SatMACAddr :00:30:1d:00:04:f6
SatInFreq(GHz) :0.00
LBANDFreq(MHz) :1176.00
SymbolRate(MSym/sec) :20.00
Polarization :disabled
ViterbiRate :7/8
SignalLockStatus :LOCK
DataLockStatus :LOCK
MPELockStatus :UNLOCK
SignalStrength(%) :56
22KHzSwitch :disable
LNBMode :none
37
SkyStream Networks
LNBLowFreq(GHz) :N/A
LNBHighFreq(GHz) :N/A
LNBOffset(MHz) :0.09
Eb/N0 (dB) :10.50
QPSKBER :0.00
ViterbiBER :0.00
ReedSolomonCError :0
ReedSolomonUCError :0
show interface eth1

Command Type: show interface eth1
Description Shows interface eth1 settings
Range (see [config-mode] interface eth1 or eth2)
Example Eth1
current settings
IfStatus :up
IPAddr :192.168.100.104
SubnetMask :255.0.0.0
MACAddr :00:30:1d:00:04:3d
DHCP :disable
show interface eth2

Command Type: show interface eth2
Description Shows interface eth2 settings
Range (see [config-mode] interface eth1 or eth2)
Example Eth2
current settings
IfStatus :up
IPAddr :192.168.200.104
SubnetMask :255.255.255.0
MACAddr :00:30:1d:00:04:3c
DHCP :disable
show interface ppp

Command Type: show interface ppp
Description Shows interface ppp settings

Range (see [config-mode] interface ppp)
Example PPP
current PPP Interface settings
PPPStatus :disable
DialMode :manual
ConnectionStatus :disconnected
IfStatus :down
current ISP/Remote PPP Server settings

PhoneNumber :Not Set
UserName :Not Set
Password :Not Set
DebugOn :off
ExpectSendEntry1 :-,-
current Network setup

UsePeerDefaultRoute :yes
MaxRecvUnit (MRU) :1500
MAXTranUnit (MTU) :1500
ReqLocalIPAddr :0.0.0.0
ReqRemoteIPAddr :0.0.0.0
current Hardware settings

LineSpeed :57600
HWFlowControl :enable
current Modem settings

InitString :ATE0V1Q0&D2
DialString :ATDT
show interface isdn (optional)

Command Type: show interface isdn
Description Shows isdn interface settings
Range (see [config-mode] interface isdn)
Example ISDN
Interface settings
MasterStatus : Connected
DialMode : Manual
39
SkyStream Networks
IfStatus : Up
ISP/Remote ISDN Server Setup
PhoneNumber :Not Set
UserName :Not Set
Password :********
ISDN-PPP Setup
UseThisAsDefaultRoute :Yes
VJHeaderCompression :Enabled
BChannel :One Channel
MRU :2000
MTU :1500
IPAddressNegotiation :Enabled
RequestedIPAddress :0.0.0.0
RequestedRemoteIPAddress :0.0.0.0
ISDN Line Settings

DChannelProtocol :NI1
MSNEAZ1 :Not Set
MSNEAZ2 :Not Set
SPID1 :121123
SPID2 :1234567890
show interface sync (optional)

Command Type: show interface sync
Description Shows sync interface settings
Range (see [config-mode] interface sync)
Example Sync
current settings
PID :0XFFFF
SerialBitShift :LSB
Speed(bps) :2
Media Type :X.21
Protocol :HDLC
Link Status :Up

show active_pids
Command Type: show active_pids
Description Shows active PID numbers entered by the user
Range (PIDs in decimal or hexadecimal)
Example Pid list1

----------------------
Pid Num | Pid Type
----------------------
34 strmUnknown
35 strmUnknown
36 strmUnknown
48 strmUnknown
show active_macs
Command Type: show active_macs
Description Shows additional active MAC addresses for satellite receivers
Range (Shows active MAC addresses entered by user)
Example Promiscuous Mode : disable
MAC list1
------------------
MAC Address list
------------------
00:20:34:59:00:20
show active_fkcas
Command Type: show active_fkcas
Description Shows active fixed keys
Range (Shows active fixed keys entered by user)
Example fkcas list1
41
SkyStream Networks
------------------------------------------
Pid Num | Key | Parity
------------------------------------------
24 12-00-00-20-34-59-00-20 even
show skycast_rules
SkyCast The SkyStream system
used for IP Multicast
Management.
Command Type: show skycast_rules
Description Shows each SkyCast rule in the following format: original destination IP address,
new destination IP address, TTL, packet action, netmask IP address, packets
received, and packets sent. to Ethernet 1 and Ethernet 2.
Range (see [config-mode] skycast_rules)
Example skycast status: enable
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
OrgIPAddr| NewIPAddr|TTL| Action |eth|NetMask|PktRecv|PktProc|PktToEth1|PktToEth2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
224.6.6.6 |224.6.6.6 |20 |fwdiflst|1 |255.0.0.0| 0 |0 |0 |0 |0
show skynat_rules
SkyNAT EMR application used to
support packet translation of
incoming data from satellite for
address translation, protocol
translation, and TTL translation.
Command Type: show skynat_rules
Description Shows SkyNAT: original destination IP address, new destination IP address,

Time-To-Live, Action, Netmask IP address, packets processed, and packets sent.
Range (see [config-mode] skynat1)
Example nat1 status: Enable

--------------------------------------------------------------------
OrgDestIPAddr | NewDestIPAddr| TTL | NetMask | PktRecv | PktSent
--------------------------------------------------------------------
244.1.1.1 | 244.2.2.2 | 4 |255.0.0.0| 0 | 0
show skynpt_rules
Command Type: show skynpt_rules
Description Shows SkyNTP: original destination IP address, UDP port, TCP Port, packets
received, and packets sent.
Range (see [config-mode] skynpt1)
Example ntp1 status: Enable
---------------------------------------------------------------------
OrgDestIPAddr | NewDestIPAddr| UDP Port | TCP Port | PktRecv | PktSent
----------------------------------------------------------------------
244.1.1.1 | 198.164.200.2 | 459 | 459 |0 | 0
show tcpX
Command Type: show tcpX
Description Shows TCP Acceleration settings
Range (see [config-mode tcpX]#)
Example TCP Acceleration

Current Server side settings
PrimaryRemoteServerAddr :192.168.4.144:1161
SecondaryRemoteServerAddr:NotSet:2913
POP3ServerAddr :NotSet:110
SMTPServerAddr :NotSet:25
NNTPServerAddr :NotSet:119
Current Client Side Settings

HTTPListenPort :7777
FTPListenPort :7876
SSLListenPort :9092
POP3ListenPort :110
SMTPListenPort :25
NNTPListenPort :119
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SkyStream Networks
Current User Defined Service Settings

-----------------------------------------
ServerAddress | ServerPort | ClientPort
-----------------------------------------
200.200.200.200 | 8888 | 9999
Current Compression Settings

CompressionStatus:Disabled
CompressionLevel :1
HTTPCompression :No
FTPCompression :No
CompressedFileExt:txt,
bmp,
doc,
PPP
Current General Info
TCPAccModeStatus :Enabled
MaxTCPConn :1000
TransparentProxy :Disabled
show version
Command Type: show version
Description Shows Bitstream file, current kernel version of EMR software running, number
of interfaces, and Field Programmable Gate Array version.
Range (All version numbers)
Example Current Running Kernel Version : EMR.17.06

Software Package : TCP Acceleration
Software Build Date : Sep 8 01:15:07 CDT 2001
System Uptime : 0 days, 01:13
Number of Satrx Interface : 1
Number of Ethernet Interface : 2
Total SDRAM : 128 MB
Mainboard Version : EMR5000
Boot Version : 1.17
System Firmware Version : 2001/04/27:15:23:42
Tuner Firmware Version : 2001/02/06:17:16:26
show turbointernet-vpn
Command Type: show turbointernet-vpn

Description Shows Turbo Internet/VPN settings
Range (All version numbers)
Example TurboInternet/VPN
current Connection Method
Status :IPSec Disconnected ,PPTP Disconnected
ConnectionUsed :PPTP
InitiateConnection :Upon Request (Manually)
current PPTP settings

ServerIPAddress :64.165.192.142
UserName :administrator
Password :******
SatMACFiltering :PPP Address (Encrypted over DVB)
Advanced Options settings

NATApplied :Ethernet-1
MACPrefix :0000
no
Command 1 Type: no
Description Use the no command to delete configuration values under the following four
sections; active pids, active macs, skycast rules, and skynat rules.
Range ( active configuration values)
Example (see [config-mode active_pids1]#) type: no 0x10
(see [config-mode active_macs1]#) type: no 00:00:ce:aa:02:b7
( s e e [ c o n f i g - m o d e s k yc a s t _ r u l e s ] # ) t y p e : n o 2 3 4 . 2 3 1 . 1 0 . 1
234.231.10.1 237 fwd-if-listener eth1 255.255.255.255
(see [config-mode skynat_rules]#) type: no 244.1.1.1 244.2.2.2 4

255.0.0.0 0 0
ifconfig
Command Type: ifconfig
Description Shows all interface information
45
SkyStream Networks
Range (All ifconfig information)
Example
eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:30:1D:00:09:E9
inet addr:192.168.4.187 Bcast:192.168.4.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:9542660 errors:9 dropped:9 overruns:0 frame:13
TX packets:19700 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:19441
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
Interrupt:9 Base address:0xffe0
eth2 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:30:1D:00:09:E8

Interrupt:28
satrx1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:30:1D:00:09:EA

lo Link encap:Local Loopback

inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.255.0.0
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:3856 Metric:1
ppp1 Link encap:Point-to-Point Protocol

inet addr:200.100.99.100 P-t-P:200.100.99.99 Mask:255.255.255.0
UP POINTOPOINT RUNNING NOARP MTU:1500 Metric:1
sl0 Link encap:Serial Line IP

UP POINTOPOINT RUNNING NOARP MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1

netstat
Command Type: netstat
Description Shows all active network connection information (for more information on the
netstat command, see Appendix A: Command Definitions)
Range (All netstat information)
Example
Active Internet connections (w/o servers )
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State
tcp 0 0 192.168.4.163:telnet 192.168.4.181:2406 ESTABLISHED
tcp 0 0 1.1.2:telnet 10.1.1.1:1077 ESTABLISHED
tcp 0 0 10.1.1.2:telnet 10.1.1.1:socks ESTABLISHED
Active UNIX domain sockets (w/o servers)
Proto RefCnt Flags Type State I-Node Path
unix 3 [ ] DGRAM 7107 /dev/log
unix 2 [ ] DGRAM 7110
unix 2 [ ] STREAM 62
unix 2 [ ] DGRAM 45
ping
Command 1 Type: ping (see Help)
Description Sends ICMP ping packets to a specified address (for more information on the
ping command, see Appendix A: Command Definitions).
Range (All IP addresses on network)
Example usage: ping [-LRdfnqrv] [-c count] [-i wait] [-l preload]
[-p pattern] [-s packetsize] [-t ttl] [-I interface address]
host
NOTE At the prompt, type the string of parameters separated with a space.
Command 2 Type: ping 192,168.100.70
Example PING 192.168.100.70 (192.168.100.70): 56 databytes

64 bytes from 192.168.100.70:icm_seq=0
ttl=128 time=1.6 ms
NOTE To stop PING command, type CTRL+C.
47
SkyStream Networks
reboot
Command Type: reboot
Description Reboots system
Range (EMR)
Example You will be prompted “reboot: Are you sure you want to reboot? (yes/no).”
route
Command Type: route
Description Shows IP routing information (for more information on the route command, see
Appendix A: Command Definitions)
Range (All active network destinations)
Example
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
192.168.4.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth1
10.1.1.0 10.1.1.2 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0
200.100.10.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 etnr0
224.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 U 0 0 0 eth0
default 192.168.4.254 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth1
passwd
Command Type: passwd
Description Prompts to change password. Type in new password and press Enter. You will
be prompted to re-type the password again.
Range (Type a string)
Example Changing password for user cli.
New UNIX password:

Retype new UNIX password:
After retyping the new password correctly, the following message is displayed:
passwd: all athentication tokens updated successfully.

date
Command 1 Type: date
Description Press enter and it will display the current date and time.
Example Tues Jul 16 14:22:00 PDT 2002
Command 2 Type: date 071613002002
Description Sets the date to July 16th 2002 1:00 P.M. date command modifies system time
and hardware clock.
Range (24 hour clock)
timezone
Command 1 Type: timezone
Description Press enter and it will display the current timezone.
Example America/Los_Angeles
Command 2 Type: timezone -l

NOTE Use the lowercase letter ‘l” not the number “1”.
Description Press enter and it will lists available timezones.
Range (Country/City—see list)
Example Africa/Abidjan
Africa/Accra
Africa/Addis_Ababa
Africa/Algiers
Africa/Asmera
Africa/Bamako
Africa/Bangui
Command 3 Type: timezone US/Pacific
Description Press enter and it will set new timezone.
49
SkyStream Networks
config
In config mode, there are three formats for entering values:
1 Attribute + value
2 Value only
3 String of values
Each command will give you an example of which format to use.
Command 1 Type: config
Description Changes prompt to config-mode
Command 2 In [config-mode]# type: ?
Description Shows all [config-mode]# subcommands
Range (All [config-mode]# subcommands)
Example pref preferences configuration node

interface Interface configuration
active_macs1 Active MAC list for Satellite Receiver 1
active_pids1 PID list for Satellite Receiver 1
active_fkcas1 FKCas list for Satellite Receiver 0
skycast Skycast configuration node
skycast_rule SkyCast rule list
skynat1 Skynat configuration node
snmp snmp settings
tcpX TCP Acceleration configuration node
turbointernet-vpn Turbo Internet/VPN Configuration Node
TIP To delete a parameter for NOTE When changing the attributes of a list such as skycast_rules,
active_pids1, active_macs1, active_macs1, active_pids1, active_fkcas1, and skynat_rule1, you must enter
active_fkcas1, or skynat_rule1, at the parameters as a string. When editing the string, type the whole corrected
the applicable prompt, type “no” and string at the appropriate prompt and CLI will make the change. At the CLI
then the parameter. Remember to prompt, type show running-config to check it.
type “{“ to open the node for
configuration.

[config-mode] pref
Command 1 In [config-mode]# type: pref {
Description Changes to [config-mode pref]
Command 2 In [config-mode pref]# type: ?
Description The preferences list appears, which shows configurable system parameters. Each
command is a toggle between a pair of parameters.
Range (see list)
Example Attribute list

PidInputStyle dec | hex
Telnet disable | enable
HTTP disable | enable
RouterMode disable | enable
BoostLevel disable | enable
PidRateMonitoring disable | enable
ConsoleLogView disable | enable
FECMode auto | manual
PromiscuousMode disable | enable
MACForwarding ethernet-1 | ethernet-2
TCPProxy disable | enable
SMMPCtrlPidStatus lock | unlock
SMMPDataPidStatus lock | unlock
SMMPCtrlPortStatus lock | unlock
SMMPDataPortStatus lock | unlock
SMMPAutoDiscPortStatus lock | unlock
SMMPCtrlAddrMCastStatus lock | unlock
SMMPDataAddrMCastStatus lock | unlock
SMMPCtrlPid PidValue
SMMPDataPid PidValue
SMMPCtrlPort Integer(1 .. 65535)
SMMPDataPort Integer(1 .. 65535)
SMMPAutoDiscPort Integer(1 .. 65535)
SMMPCtrlMCastAddr IP Address (A.B.C.D)
SMMPDataMCastAddr IP Address (A.B.C.D)
Values
I PidInputStyle: Type “dec” or “hex” to toggle between decimal or hexadecimal
parameters.
I Telnet: Type “disable” or “enable” to turn Telnet on or off.
I HTTP: Type “disable” or “enable” to turn HTTP on or off.
51
SkyStream Networks
I RouterMode: Type “disable” or “enable” to turn RIP V1on or off. For more
information, see Chapter 5, Configuration—Static Routes.
I BoostLevel: Type “enable” to boost the polarization voltage by one-volt.
I PidRateMonitoring: Type “enable” to see the Bit/rate in PID Selection, and
“disable” Router Mode (Decrement TTL) if you don’t want TTL to decrement.
I ConsoleLogView: Type “enable” to have the log messages to display the on the
page.
I FECMode: Type “auto” or “manual.” For more information, see Chapter 5,
Maintenance—Advanced Preferences.
I PromiscuousMode: Type “disable” or “enable.” For more information, see
Chapter 5, Configuration—MAC Address Selection.
I MACForwarding: Type “ethernet-1” or “ethernet-2.”
I TCPProxy: Type “disable” or “enable” if you want to forward data from a client
to a server via TCP.
I SMMPCtrlPidStatus: Type “lock” or “unlock” to allow or block a PID being
entered through the SMMPCtrlPid command.
I SMMPDataPidStatus: Type “lock” or “unlock” to allow or block a PID being
entered through the SMMPDataPid command.
I SMMPCtrlPortStatus: Type “lock” or “unlock” to allow or block a PID being
entered through the SMMPCtrlPort command.
I SMMPDataPortStatus: Type “lock” or “unlock” to allow or block a PID being
entered through the SMMPDataPort command.
I SMMPAutoDiscPortStatus: Type “lock” or “unlock” to allow or block a PID
being entered through the SMMPAutoDiscPort command.
I SMMPCtrlAddrMCastStatus: Type “lock” or “unlock” to allow or block a
PID being entered through the SMMPCtrlMcastAddr command.
I SMMPDataAddrMCastStatus: Type “lock” or “unlock” to allow or block a
PID being entered through the SMMPDataMCastAddr command.
I SMMPCtrlPid: Type control PID value.
I SMMPDataPid: Type data PID value.
I SMMPCtrlPort: Type integer (1 .. 65535) for control port number.
I SMMPDataPort: Type integer (1 .. 65535) for data port number.
I SMMPAutoDiscPort: Type integer (1 .. 65535) for Auto Discovery port
number.
I SMMPMCtrlMCastAddr: Type control multicast IP address.
I SMMPMDataMCastAddr: Type data multicast IP address.
To configure parameters shown above:

Command 3 In [config-mode pref]# type: PidInputStyle dec
Description Changes from (default) Hexadecimal to decimal

NOTE After entering a new attribute, you can check it by typing the show
running-config command.
[config-mode] interface
Command 1 In [config-mode]# type: interface
Description Changes to [config-mode interface]#
Command 2 In [config-mode interface]# type: ?
Description Shows interfaces
Range (All interface cards)
Example satrx1 SatRx configuration node

eth1 Ethernet configuration node
eth2 Ethernet configuration node
ppp PPP configuration node
isdn ISDN configuration node
sync Sync configuration node
[config-mode interface] satrx1

Command 1 In [config-mode interface]# type: satrx1 {
Description Changes to [config-mode interface satrx1]#
Command 2 In [config-mode interface satrx1]# type: ?
Description The satellite-configuration option list appears, which shows all the configurable
options available on the interface.
NOTE The quickest way to do this, if you know the interface name, is to type
at the prompt [config-mode]# “interface satrx1 {” (remember to put a space
between each value).
Range (see values below)
53
SkyStream Networks
IfStatus enable | disable

IPAddr IP Address (A.B.C.D)
SubnetMask IP Address (A.B.C.D)
SatInFreq Float (GHz)
SymbolRate Float (Msymbols/sec)
Polarization ver_right | horz_left | disable
LNBMode none | single | dual
LBANDFreq Float (MHz)
LNBLowFreq Float (GHz)
LNBHighFreq Float (GHz)
ViterbiRate 1/2 | 2/3 | 3/4 | 5/6 | 6/7 | 7/8
22KHzSwitch enable | disable | auto
Values
I IfStatus: Type “up” or “down” to turn receiver card on or off
I IPAddress: Type the IP address for the receiver card
I SubnetMask: Type Subnet mask IP address, if applicable
I SatInFreq: Type the satellite receiver frequency in GigaHertz. This value is only
applicable in LNB mode.
I SymbolRate: Type the Symbol Rate in MegaSymbols. This must be set to match
the baud data rate (range is 2 - 45).
I Polarization: Type “vert_right” or “horiz_left” to select the desired signal

Polarization A technique used by NOTE Polarization works when LNB Mode is in “single” or “double” mode.
the satellite designer to increase
the capacity of the satellite I LNBMode: Type “none,” “single” or “double” depending on if you are using
transmission channels by reusing LNB Low Frequency by itself, or both LNB Low and High Frequency together
the satellite transponder
I LBANDFreq: Type the value in MegaHertz to match LNB and incoming RF
frequencies.
feed
L-Band The frequency range I LNBLowFreq: Type the value for the bottom limit of range in GigaHertz
from 0.5 to 1.5 GHz. Also used to
refer to the 950 to 1450 MHz I LNBHighFreq: Type the value for the top limit of range in GigaHertz
used for mobile communications.
I VirterbiRate: Type “1/2”, “2/3”, “3/4”, “5/6” or “7/8”, which is equivalent to
the Forward Error Correction (FEC) rate
I 22KHzSwitch: Type “enable” to turn on switch in the satellite receiver tuner.
Type “disable” to turn switch to automatic, or you can just type “auto.”
To configure parameters shown above:
Command 3 In [config-mode interface satrx1]# type: symbolrate 12
Description Type in attribute and parameter separated with a space.


[config-mode] interface eth1 or eth2

Command 1 In [config-mode interface]# type: eth1 {
Description Changes to [config-mode interface eth1]#
Command 2 In [config-mode interface eth1]# type: ?
Description The satellite-configuration option list appears, which shows all the configurable
options available on the interface.
NOTE The quickest way to do this if you know the interface name is at
[config-mode]# to type “interface eth1 {” (remember to put a space between
each value).

IfStatus up | down
IPAddr IP Address (A.B.C.D)
SubnetMask IP Address (A.B.C.D)
DHCP enable | disable
NOTE At the prompt, type the attribute followed by parameter.

Values
I IfStatus: Type “up” or “down” to turn receiver card on or off
I IPAddress: Type the IP address for the Ethernet interface
I SubnetMask: Type Subnet mask, if applicable
I DHCP: Type “enable” or “disable” to turn DHCP on or off
[config-mode] interface ppp

Command 1 In [config-mode interface]# type: ppp {
Description Changes to [config-mode interface ppp]#
Command 2 In [config-mode interface ppp]# type: ?
Description The configuration option list appears, which shows all the configurable options
available for PPP.
Range (see list)
55
SkyStream Networks

EnablePPP enable | disable
DialMode manual | demand
Status connect | disconnect
[config-mode] interface ppp (node)

Command 1 In [config-mode interface]# type ppp
Description Changes to [config-mode interface ppp]#
Command 2 In [config-mode interface ppp]# type: ?
Range (see list)
Example server ISP/Remote Server setup

network Network setup
hardware Hardware settings
modem modem setup
[config-mode interface ppp] server

Command 1 In [config-mode interface ppp]# type server {
Description Changes to [config-mode interface ppp server]#
Command 2 In [config-mode interface ppp server]# type: ?

PhoneNum String
Username String
Password String
DebugStatus on | off
ExpectSendEntry1 String(Expect),String(Send)
NOTE At the prompt, type the attribute followed by string.

Values
I PhoneNum: Type phone number to access ppp server without spaces including
‘9’ for an outside line and ‘1’ for long distance, when required.
I Username: Type user name to access ppp server.
I Password: Type password to access ppp server.
I ExpectSendEntry1: Type String(ogin:),String(your-login)
I ExpectSendEntry2: Type String(word:),String(your-password)
I ExpectSendEntry3: Type String(>),String(ppp)
I ExpectSendEntry4: (etc...)
[config-mode interface ppp] network

Command 1 In [config-mode interface ppp]# type network {
Description Changes to [config-mode interface ppp network]#
Command 2 In [config-mode interface ppp network]# type: ?

UsePeerDefaultRoute yes | no
MaxRecvUnit Integer
MaxTransUnit Integer
ConnectTimeout Integer
NOTE At the prompt, type the attribute followed by string or parameter.
Values
I UsePeerDefaultRoute: Type “yes” or “no.”
I MaxRecvUnit: Type (default 1500 bytes)
I MaxTransUnit: Type (default 1500 bytes)
I ConnectTimeout: Type number of seconds for connecting (120 default)
57
SkyStream Networks
[config-mode interface ppp] hardware

Command 1 In [config-mode interface ppp]# type hardware {
Description Changes to [config-mode interface ppp hardware]#
Command 2 In [config-mode interface ppp hardware]# type: ?

LineSpeed 1200|2400|4800|9600|19200|57600
HwFlowControl enable | disable
Values
I LineSpeed: Type (baud rate of modem—1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 19200, 57600)
I HwFlowControl: Type “Enable” or “Disable”
[config-mode interface ppp] modem

Command 1 In [config-mode interface ppp]# type modem {
Description Changes to [config-mode interface ppp modem]#
Command 2 In [config-mode interface ppp modem]# type: ?

InitString String
DialString String
Values
I InitString: Type ATZ ATE1VE1V1Q0 (default)
I DialString: Type ATDT (default) 8 characters

[config-mode] interface isdn (optional)

Command 1 In [config-mode interface]# type: isdn {
Description Changes to [config-mode interface isdn]#
Command 2 In [config-mode interface isdn]# type: ?
available for ISDN.
Range (see list)

Status manual-dial | demand-dial | disconnect
[config-mode] interface isdn (optional)

Command 1 In [config-mode interface]# type: isdn
Description Changes to [config-mode interface isdn]#
Command 2 In [config-mode interface isdn]# type: ?
Range (see list)
Example server SP/Remote ISDN Server Setup

ppp ISDN-PPP Setup
line ISDN Line Settings
[config-mode interface isdn] server

Command 1 In [config-mode interface isdn]# type: server {
Description Changes to [config-mode interface isdn server]#
Command 2 In [config-mode interface isdn server]# type: ?
59
SkyStream Networks

PhoneNumber String
UserName String
Password String
Values
I PhoneNum: Type phone number to access isdn server without spaces including
‘9’ for an outside line and ‘1’ for long distance, when required.
I Username: Type user name to access isdn server.
I Password: Type password to access isdn server.
[config-mode interface isdn] ppp

Command 1 In [config-mode interface isdn]# type: ppp {
Description Changes to [config-mode interface isdn ppp]#
Command 2 In [config-mode interface isdn ppp]# type: ?

UseThisAsDefaultRoute yes | no
VJHeaderCompression enable | disable
BChannel String
MRU Integer
MTU Integer
IPAddressNegotiation enable | disable
RequestedIPAddress String
RequestedRemoteIPAddress String
Values
I UseThisAsDefaultRoute: Type “yes” or “no”
I VJHeaderCompression: Type “enable” or “disable”
I BChannel: Type “onechannel” or twochannels”
I MRU: Type 2000 (default maximum receive unit in bytes)
I MTU: Type 1500 (default maximum transmit unit bytes)
I IPAdvancedNegotiation: Type “enable” or “disable”
I RequestedIPAddress: Type (xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx) EMR IP address (0.0.0.0 will
negotiate actual IP address during connection)

I RequestedRemoteIPAddress: Type (xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx) remote ISP IP address

(optional)
[config-mode interface isdn] line

Command 1 In [config-mode interface isdn]# type: line {
Description Changes to [config-mode interface isdn line]#
Command 2 In [config-mode interface isdn line]# type: ?

DChannelProtocol String
MSNEAZ1 String
MSNEAZ2 String
SPID1 String
SPID2 String
Values
I DChannelProtocol: Type one of the following values: Protocol 1TR6,
Protocol EDSS1, Protocol Leased, or Protocol NI1.
I MSNEAZ1: Type Multiple Subscriber Number or Endgeraete Auswahl Ziffer
(Germany) Obtain these numbers from your Internet Service Provider.
I MSNEAZ2: (same as above)
I SPID1: Type Service Profile Identifier is an additional identifier used to identify
the EMR ISDN device to the telephone network. Obtain these numbers from
you Internet Service Provider.
I SPID2: (same as above)
NOTE SPID is available by selecting Protocol NI1 as the D-Channel Protocol.
[config-mode] interface sync (optional)

Command 1 In [config-mode interface]# type: sync {
Description Changes to [config-mode interface sync]#
Command 2 In [config-mode interface sync]# type: ?
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available for Sync.

PID PidValue
SerialBitShift MSB/LSB
Speed Integer

Values
I PID: Type PID <Value> (i.e. 95 in dec. or 5F in Hex.)
I SerialBitShift: Type “MSB” or “LSB.” See SMR User’s Guide, Chapter 5,
“Configure Sync In Hardware Driver.”
I Speed: Type <integer> (range is 1 to 8 Mbits/s)
[config-mode] active_macs1
Command 1 In [config-mode]# type: active_macs1 {
Description Changes to [config-mode active_macs1]#
Command 2 In [config-mode active_macs]# type: ?
Description Configure active MAC Addresses
Range (All MAC addresses entered by user)

Active MACAddr String
NOTE Type the MAC address at the prompt in the following format:
00:00:00:00:00:00
Command 3 Type: 00:30:1d:00:04:c2

[config-mode] active_pids1
Command 1 In [config-mode]# type: active_pids1 {
Description Changes to [config-mode active_pids1]#
Command 2 In [config-mode active_pids]# type: ?
Description Add active PIDs
Range 0-8191

PID PidValue
NOTE At the prompt, type a PID number. Check to see if system is in decimal
or hexadecimal configuration mode.
Command 3 Type: 32
[config-mode] active_fkcas1
Command 1 In [config-mode]# type: active_fkcas1 {
Description Changes to [config-mode active_fkcas1]#
Command 2 In [config-mode active_fkcas1]# type: ?
Description Add active PID, fixed key, and parity
Range (Fixed keys added by user)

PID PidValue
Key xx-xx-xx-xx-xx-xx-xx-xx
Parity odd/even
[config-mode] skycast
Command 1 In [config-mode]# type: skycast {
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Description Changes to [config-mode skycast]#
Command 2 In [config-mode skycast]# type: ?
Description Configure SkyCast

Status enable | disable
DefaultOrgDestIPAddr IP Address (A.B.C.D)
DefaultNetmask IP Address (A.B.C.D)
DefaultTTL Integer
DefaultAction fwd | fwd-if-listner | discard
DefaultFwdOutNetworkIf eth1 | eth2
NOTE At the prompt, type attribute followed by parameter.

Values
I Status: Type “enable” or “disable” to turn SkyCast on or off
I DefaultAction: Type “fwd”, “fwd-if-listner” or “discard” for default
- Forward: Sends the Multicast packets into the local network
unconditionally.
- Forward If Listener: Sends the Multicast packets from this multicast
group into the network if there is a group member present
- Discard: Discards all packets belonging to this group.
I DefaultNewDestIPAddr: Type the new destination IP address for default
I DefaultTTL: Type an integer. If you leave this value as zero, the TTL will
remain unchanged
[config-mode] skycast_rule
Command 1 In [config-mode]# type: skycast_rule {
Description Changes to [config-mode skycast_rule]#
Command 2 In [config-mode skycast_rule]# type: ?
Description Configure skycast rules


OrgDestIPAddr IP Address (A.B.C.D)
NewDestIPAddr IP Address (A.B.C.D)
TTL Integer
Action fwd | fwd-if-listener | discard
OutNetworkIf eth1 | eth2
Netmask IP Address (A.B.C.D)
Values
I OrgDestIPAddr: Type IP address for original destination of the data stream
I NewDestIPAddr: Type the IP address for the new destination of the data
stream
I TTL: Type an integer. If you leave this value as zero, the TTL will remain
unchanged
I Action: Type one of the forwarding options:
- Forward: Sends the Multicast packets into the local network
unconditionally.
- Forward If Listener: Sends the Multicast packets from this multicast
group into the network if there is a group member present.
- Discard: Discards all packets belonging to this group.
I OutNetworkIf: Type “eth1” or “eth2” to select the out interface
I NetMask: Type the related Net Mask information
Command 3 In [config-mode skycast_rule]# type:

192.168.100.0 224.6.6.6 4 fwd-if-listner eth1 255.255.255.255
[config-mode] skynat1
Command 1 In [config-mode]# type: skynat1 {
Description Changes to [config-mode skynat1]#
Command 2 In [config-mode skynat1]# type: ?
Description Enables SkyNAT
Range (see list below)
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nat_status enable | disable
npt_status enable | disable
Command 3 Type: nat_status enable
[config-mode skynat1]
NOTE The suffix number ‘1’ refers to the number of the receiver card.
Command 1 In [config-mode]# type: skynat1

NOTE This command is similar to the one before except it does not use a “{“.
Description Changes to [config-mode skynat1]#
Command 2 In [config-mode skynat1]# type: ?
Description Configure SkyNAT’s two options: Address translation rule list, and Protocol
translation rule list
Example skynat_rules Network address translation rule list

skynpt_rules Network protocol translation rule list
[config-mode skynat1 skynat_rules]

Command 1 In [config-mode skynat1]# type: skynat_rules {
Description Changes to [config-mode skynat1 skynat_rules]#
Command 2 In [config-mode skynat1 skynat_rules]# type: ?
Description Configure address translation rule list

NewDestIPAddr IP Address (A.B.C.D)
TTL Integer
Netmask IP Address (A.B.C.D)

Values
I NewDestIPAddr: Type the IP address for the new destination of the data
stream
I TTL: Type an integer. If you leave this value as zero, the TTL will remain
unchanged
I NetMask: Type the related Net Mask information
[config-mode skynat1 skynpt_rules]

Command 1 In [config-mode skynat1]# type: skynpt_rules {
Description Changes to [config-mode skynat1 skynpt_rules]#
Command 2 In [config-mode skynat1 skynpt_rules]# type: ?
Description Configure address translation rule list

UDPPort Integer (1..65535)
TCPPort Integer (1 .. 65535)
Values
I UDPPort: Type an integer (customer specific)
I TCPPort: Type an integer (customer specific)
[config-mode] snmp
Command 1 In [config-mode]# type: snmp
Description Changes to [config-mode snmp]#
Command 2 In [config-mode snmp]# type: ?
Description Configure SNMP information
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Range (see list)
Example mib2sys Mib-2 System settings

access Snmp access list
trap trap list
[config-mode snmp mib2sys]

Command 1 In [config-mode snmp]# type: mib2sys {
Description Changes to [config-mode snmp mib2sys]#
Command 2 In [config-mode snmp mib2sys]# type: ?

Attribute list
SysContact String
SysLocation String
Values
I SysContact:
I SysLocation:
[config-mode snmp access]

Command 1 In [config-mode snmp]# type: access {
Description Changes to [config-mode snmp access]#
Command 2 In [config-mode snmp access]# type: ?

Attribute list
Community String
Access ro | rw
Values
I Community: Type “Public” which ensures that only people on the local
network can get information on the SNMP.
I Access Control: Type “ro” Read_Only or “rw” Read_Write access.

[config-mode snmp trap]

Command 1 In [config-mode snmp]# type: trap {
Description Changes to [config-mode snmp trap]#
Command 2 In [config-mode snmp trap]# type: ?

Attribute List
TrapDest IP Address (A.B.C.D)
Community String
Values
I Trap Destination: Type IP Address for trap destination.
I Community: Type “Public” which ensures that only people on the local
network can get information on the SNMP.
[config-mode] tcpX
Command 1 In [config-mode]# type: tcpX
Description Changes to [config-mode tcpX]#
Command 2 In [config-mode tcpX]# type: ?
Description Configure TCP Acceleration
Range (see list)
Example network Network settings

compression Compression settings
userport User Defined Ports settings
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[config-mode tcpX] network

Command 1 In [config-mode tcpX]# type: network
Description Changes to [config-mode tcpX network]#
Command 2 In [config-mode tcpX network]# type: ?
Description Configure TCP Acceleration Network Settings
Range (see list)
Example server Server settings

client Client settings
[config-mode tcpX network] server

Command 1 In [config-mode tcpX network]# type: server {
Description Changes to [config-mode tcpX network server]#
Command 2 In [config-mode tcpX network server]# type: ?
Description Configure TCP Acceleration Network Settings for server side

PrimaryRemoteServerAddr IP Address (A.B.C.D)
PrimaryRemoteServerPort Integer
SecondaryRemoteServerAddr IP Address (A.B.C.D)
SecondaryRemoteServerPort Integer
POP3ServerAddr IP Address (A.B.C.D)
POP3ServerPort Integer
SMTPServerAddr IP Address (A.B.C.D)
SMTPServerPort Integer
NNTPServerAddr IP Address (A.B.C.D)
NNTPServerPort Integer

Values
I PrimaryRemoteServerAddr: Type IP address for TCP Acceleration primary
server
I PrimaryRemoteServerPort: Type port number for TCP Acceleration primary
server
I SecondaryRemoteServerAddr: Type IP address for TCP Acceleration
secondary server
I SecondaryRemoteServerPort: Type port number for TCP Acceleration
secondary server
I POP3ServerAddr: Type IP address for e-mail server to send mail.
I POP3ServerPort: Type port number for e-mail server to send mail.
I SMTPServerAddr: Type IP address for e-mail server to receive mail.
I SMTPServerPort: Type port number for e-mail server to receive mail.
I NNTPServerAddr: Type IP address of Network News server.
I NNTPServerPort: Type port number of Network New server.
[config-mode tcpX network] client

Command 1 In [config-mode tcpX network]# type: client {
Description Changes to [config-mode tcpX network client]#
Command 2 In [config-mode tcpX network client]# type: ?
Description Configure TCP Acceleration Network Settings for client side

HTTPListenPort Integer
POP3ListenPort Integer
FTPListenPort Integer
SSLListenPort Integer
SMTPListenPort Integer
NNTPListenPort Integer
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Values
I HTTPListenPort: Type HTTP port used by the TCP Acceleration client
(default is 9090).
I POP3ListenPort: Type POP3 port used by the TCP Acceleration client
I FTPListenPort: Type FTP port used by the TCP Acceleration client (default is
9091).
I SSLListenPort: Type SSL port used by the TCP Acceleration client (default is
9092).
I SMTPListenPort: Type SMTP port used by the TCP Acceleration client.
I NNTPListenPort: Type NNTP port used by the TCP Acceleration client.
[config-mode tcpX] compression

Command 1 In [config-mode tcpX]# type: compression {
Description Changes to [config-mode tcpX compression]#
Command 2 In [config-mode tcpX compression]# type: ?
Description Configure TCP Acceleration Compression Settings
Range (see list)

CompressionStatus enabled | disabled
CompressionLevel 1..9
HTTPCompressionStatus yes | no
FTPCompressionStatus yes | no
NOTE At the prompt, type file extensions required.
Command 3 Type: xls

To delete extensions
Type: no xls
[config-mode tcpX] userport

Command 1 In [config-mode tcpX]# type: userport {
Description Changes to [config-mode tcpX userport]#

Command 2 In [config-mode tcpX userport]# type: ?
Description Configure TCP Acceleration User Defined Ports settings

FreeTcpServerAddr IP Address (A.B.C.D)
ServerPort Integer
ClientPort Integer
Values
I FreeTcpServerAddr: Type IP address used by TCP Acceleration primary
server.
I ServerPort: Type server side port number.
I ClientPort: Type client side port number (default is 5631).
[config-mode] turbointernet-vpn
Command 1 In [config-mode]# type: turbointernet-vpn
Description Changes to [config-mode turbointernet-vpn]#
Command 2 In [config-mode turbointernet-vpn]# type: ?
Description ConfigureTurbo Internet-VPN
Range (see list)
Example pptp PPTP Configuration

ipsec IPSec settings
connection Connection Method
advanced Advanced settings
[config-mode turbointernet-vpn] pptp

Command 1 In [config-mode turbointernet-vpn]# type: pptp {
Description Changes to [config-mode turbointernet-vpn pptp]#
Command 2 In [config-mode turbointernet-vpn pptp]# type: ?
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Description ConfigureTurbo Internet-VPN PPTP

ServerIPAddress String
Username String
Password String
SatelliteMacFilter tunneladdress | pppaddress
NOTE At the prompt, type attribute followed by string.
Values
I ServerIPAddress: Type IP address of of the Windows PPTP server or VPN
concentrator.
I Username: Type your Windows server domain name followed by ‘\\’ and
Windows username, for example: domain\\username.
I Password: Type a password.
I SatelliteMacFilter: Type “tunneladdress” or “pppaddress.”
[config-mode turbointernet-vpn] ipsec

Command 1 In [config-mode turbointernet-vpn]# type: ipsec {
Description Changes to [config-mode turbointernet-vpn ipsec]#
Command 2 In [config-mode turbointernet-vpn ipsec]# type: ?
Description ConfigureTurbo Internet-VPN IPSec
Range (see list)

IPSecConf IPSec configuration
IPSecKeyExchange IPSec Internet Key Exchange
IPSecSecurity IPSec Security Associations

[config-mode turbointernet-vpn ipsec]

IPSecConf
Command 1 In [config-mode turbointernet-vpn ipsec]# type: IPSecConf {
Description Changes to [config-mode turbointernet-vpn ipsec IPSecConf]#
Command 2 In [config-mode turbointernet-vpn ipsec IPSecConf]# type: ?
Description ConfigureTurbo Internet-VPN IPSec

GatewayIPAddress String
IPSecMode String
RemoteSubnet String
RemoteSubnetMask String
LocalSubnet String
LocalSubnetMask String
Values
I GatewayIPAddress: Type IP address of remote gateway.
I IPSecMode: Type string
I RemoteSubnet: Type remote subnet address (leave blank if not used).
I RemoteSubnetMask: Type remote subnet mask address (leave blank if not
used).
I LocalSubnet: Type local subnet address (leave blank if not used).
I LocalSubnetMask: Type local subnet mask address (leave blank if not used).

IPSecKeyExchange
Command 1 In [config-mode turbointernet-vpn ipsec]# type: IPSecKeyExchange {
Description Changes to [config-mode turbointernet-vpn ipsec IPSecKeyExchange]#
Command 2 In [config-mode turbointernet-vpn ipsec IPSecKeyExchange]# type: ?
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Description ConfigureTurbo Internet-VPN IPSec Key Exchange

EncryptionAlgorithm String
AuthAlgorithm String
DiffHellman String
AuthMode String
SharedSecret String
Values
I EncryptionAlgorithm: Type string
I AuthAlgorithm: Type string
I DiffHellman: Type string
I AuthMode: Type pre-shared key.
I SharedSecret: Type prearranged phrase to use as a key.

IPSecSecurity
Command 1 In [config-mode turbointernet-vpn ipsec]# type: IPSecSecurity {
Description Changes to [config-mode turbointernet-vpn ipsec IPSecSecurity]#
Command 2 In [config-mode turbointernet-vpn ipsec IPSecSecurity]# type: ?
Description ConfigureTurbo Internet-VPN IPSec Security

UseAuthHeader String
AHAuthenticationAlgorithm String
UseESP String
ESPEncryptionAlgorithm String
ESPAuthenticationAlgorithm String
ReplaceKeyEverySeconds Integer
ReplaceKeyEveryKBs Integer
NOTE At the prompt, type attribute followed by string or parameter.

Values
I UseAuthHeader: Type string
I AHAuthenticationAlgorithm: Type string
I UseESP: Type string
I ESPEncryptionAlgorithm: Type string
I ESPAuthenticationAlgorithm: Type string
I ReplaceKeyEverySeconds: Type string
I ReplaceKeyEveryKBs: Typestring
[config-mode turbointernet-vpn]
connection
Command 1 In [config-mode turbointernet-vpn]# type: connection {
Description Changes to [config-mode turbointernet-vpn connection]#
Command 2 In [config-mode turbointernet-vpn connection]# type: ?
Description ConfigureTurbo Internet-VPN Connection

ConnectionUsing String
InitialConnection String
Values
I ConnectionUsing: Type
I InitialConnection: Type
[config-mode turbointernet-vpn]
advanced
Command 1 In [config-mode turbointernet-vpn]# type: advanced {
Description Changes to [config-mode turbointernet-vpn advanced]#
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Command 2 In [config-mode turbointernet-vpn advanced]# type: ?
Description ConfigureTurbo Internet-VPN Advanced

NATApplied none|ethernet-1|ethernet-2|all
MacPrefix String
Values
I NATApplied: Type “none,” “ethernet-1,” “ethernet-2,” or “all.”
I MACPrefix: Type hexadecimal (default is “0000”).
maintenance
Command Type: maintenance ?
Description Shows all maintenance subcommands
Range (All maintenance subcommands)
Example kernel_list List of currently installed kernels

boot_mode get/set kernel boot mode
sw_upgrade Upgrade new software through ftp
key_upgrade Get or set upgrade key
reset_counter reset satrx interface counters
configuration configuration file operations
tcpXmode disable/enable Tcp Acceleration mode
maintenance kernel_list
Command Type: maintenance kernel_list
Description Displays kernel list for maintenance purposes
Example Installed kernel list:

EMR.00.09(default)
EMR-2.4.0-5000

maintenance boot_mode
Command 1 Type: maintenance boot_mode
Description Selects the boot mode.
Example Usage : maintenance bootmode [get | [set <auto> | [<manual> <id>]] ]

NOTE If maintenance boot_mode is set to “auto” the boot loader will load the
kernel that is most up-to-date. If set to “manual,” the user must set a kernel
that is available. This will be loaded the next boot-time.
Command 2 Type: maintenance boot_mode get
Description Gets settings
Range (see list)
Example Current Boot mode is AUTO
Command 3 Type: maintenance boot_mode set manual EMR-2.4.0-5000

NOTE Check maintenance kernel_list to see what kernels are available.
Description Sets bootmode
Range (see list)
Example Success!! kernel EMR-2.4.0-5000 will boot next time
maintenance sw_upgrade
Command 1 Type: maintenance sw_upgrade
Description Downloads and installs a new software load.
Range (see list)
Example sw_upgrade
Usage : maintenance sw_upgrade ftp <action> [IPAddr] [ -u user
[ -p password ] ] [-r rootpath] {file}
options :
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action : get, list

IPAddr : specifies the IP Address of the remote system
-u user : specifies the username to log in with on host
-p password : specifies the password to log in with on host
-r rootpath : change remote working directory
If user is not specified, then the default will be 'anonymous'
Command 2 Type: maintenance sw_upgrade ftp get www.skystream.com

-u my_name -p my_pwd -r/kernel/skyemr/ EMR_2.4.0-
5000
maintenance key_upgrade
Command 1 Type: maintenance key_upgrade
Description Installs an upgrade key to enable advanced capabilities.
Range (see list)
Example Usage : maintenance key_upgrade [get | set <upgrade key>]
NOTE When upgrading your EMR to enhance its capabilities, you will receive
an Upgrade Key string. Upgrade Key 1 provides support for up to 25
Msymbols and 32 PIDs per receiver. Upgrade Key 2 provides support for up to
45 Msymbols and 64 PIDs per receiver.
Command 2 Type: maintenance key_upgrade get
Description Gets key
Range (see list)
Example upgrade key : HD39D-MDX4-YASWU
Command 3 Type: maintenance key_upgrade set HD39D-MDX4-YASWU

NOTE Check what maintenance upgrade keys are available.
Description Sets upgrade key

maintenance reset_counter
Command Type: maintenance reset_counter ?
Description Resets interface counters
Range (see list)
Example satrx1 reset Satrx1 counters
maintenance configuration
Command Type: maintenance configuration ?
Description Displays subcommands for saving, deleting, loading and setting default
configuration files
Example list List all configuration files

wrt Save configuration file
del Delete configuration file
load Load configuration file
default Set default configuration file
factory Restore factory default configuration
maintenance configuration list

Command Type: maintenance configuration list
Description Displays a list of configuration files
Range (see list)
Example current configuration files

filename : config1
desc : 1240, 20, 2 PIDs
default : yes
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maintenance configuration wrt

Command Type: maintenance configuration wrt
Description Writes the configuration file.
Range (see list)
Example Usage : maintenance configuration wrt -d [ <filename> <desc> ]

options :
-d : save the session as default
NOTE By typing a configuration filename and description after the command,

and pressing Enter, the EMR will write to flash memory and permanently save
the file.
maintenance configuration del

Command Type: maintenance configuration del
Description Deletes a configuration file.
Range (see list)
Example Usage : maintenance configuration del [<filename>]
NOTE By typing the name of the file after the command, and pressing Enter,
the EMR will delete the configuration file from memory.
maintenance configuration load

Command Type: maintenance configuration load
Description Loads a configuration file.
Range (see list)
Example Usage: maintenance configuration load [<filename>]
the EMR will load the configuration file.

maintenance configuration default

Command Type: maintenance configuration default
Description Specifies a certain configuration file to be the default.
Range (see list)
Example Usage: maintenance configuration default [<filename>]

the EMR will save the configuration file as the default.
IMPORTANT Once the user has saved a configuration file, it is important to
designate a configuration file as the default.
maintenance tcpXmode
Command Type: maintenance tdpXmode
Description Enables or Disables TCP Acceleration.
Range (see list)
Example Usage : maintenance tcpXmode [get | [set <disable | enable>] ]

NOTE Type “get” for status and “set enable” to turn TCP Acceleration on.
During a software upgrade, please disable TCP Acceleration.
diag
Command Type: diag ?
Description Shows all diagnostic subcommands to display
Range (All diag subcommands)
Example run run diagnostics

view view diagnostics
upload upload diagnostics information through ftp
syslog remote syslog settings
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diag run
Command Type: diag run
Description Runs diagnostic and creates a CLI diagnostic file
Range (see list)
Example Writing /tmp/clidiag.txt into diagnostic log.

Success!
diag view
Command Type: diag view
Description Displays diagnostic log file
Range (see list)
Example Diagnostics:
50001706
root=/dev/ram rw ramdisk=32000 wdt=0
CPU0
1: 3595 4xx UIC Edge
2: 10378 4xx UIC Edge PPC405 IIC
9: 0 4xx UIC Edge 405eth Wakeup
10: 0 4xx UIC Edge 405eth MAL SERR
11: 21224 4xx UIC Edge 405eth TX EOB
12: 10046299 4xx UIC Edge 405eth RX EOB
13: 0 4xx UIC Edge 405eth TX DE
14: 0 4xx UIC Edge 405eth RX DE
15: 0 4xx UIC Edge 405eth MAC
25: 676 4xx UIC Edge satrx1
28: 2975305 4xx UIC Edge eth2
FIT: 0
BAD: 0
total: used: free: shared: buffers: cached:

Mem: 63582208 56557568 7024640 39485440 27193344 10973184
Swap: 0 0 0
MemTotal: 62092 kB
MemFree: 6860 kB
MemShared: 38560 kB
Buffers: 26556 kB

Cached: 10716 kB
Active: 37272 kB
Inact_dirty: 0 kB
Inact_clean: 0 kB
Inact_target: 16 kB
HighTotal: 0 kB
HighFree: 0 kB
LowTotal: 62092 kB
LowFree: 6860 kB
SwapTotal: 0 kB
SwapFree: 0 kB
IP address HW type Flags HW address

Mask Device
192.168.4.254 0x1 0x2 00:E0:2B:85:C1:00
* eth1
192.168.4.186 0x1 0x2 00:03:47:70:7A:BF
* eth1
Ip: Forwarding DefaultTTL InReceives InHdrErrors InAddrErrors

ForwDatagrams InUn--More--(
knownProtos InDiscards InDelivers OutRequests OutDiscards
OutNoRoutes ReasmTimeo--More--( (note: this is a fragment of
the log file).
diag upload
Command 1 Type: diag upload
Description Uploads the diagnostic results.
Range (see example)
Example Usage : diag upload ftp <action> [IPAddr] [ -D | -L ] [ -u user [ -

p password ]] [-r rootpath] {file}
options :
action : put
IPAddr : specifies the IP Address of the remote system
-D : upload Diagnostic file
-L : upload skyLog file
-u user : specifies the username to log in with on host
-p password : specifies the password to log in with on host
-r rootpath : change remote working directory
If user is not specified, then the default will be 'anonymous'
Command 2 Type: diag upload ftp put 192.168.4.100 -D -u my_name

-p my_pwd -r/kernel/skyemr/diag.txt
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diag syslog
Command Type: diag syslog
Description Shows syslog usage
Range (see example)
Example Usage : diag syslog [-l] | [enable | disable <ipaddr> ]

options :
-l : list remote syslog entry
Command 2 Type: diag syslog -l
Description Lists remote syslog entry
stats
Command Type: stats ?
Description Shows all statistics subcommands to display
Range (All stats subcommands)
Example satrx1 Display SatRx1 statistics

eth1 Display eth1 statistics
eth2 Display eth2 statistics
tcpX Display tcpX statistics
ppp Display ppp statistics
isdn Display isdn statistics
turbointernet-vpn Display turbointernet-vpn statistics
sync Display sync statistics
stats satrx1
Command Type: stats satrx1
Description Shows all statistics for satrx1
Range (All satrx1 statistics)
Example Satrx1
current statistics

M2T Packets Received :54740048

M2T Packets Dropped :189
Bad Continuity Count Pkts :189
IP Packets Generated :14079529
IP Packets Dropped :18
IP Packets Sent :13321546
IP Packets Discarded :0
IP Multicast Packets :2754
IP Unicast Packets :13321546
stats eth1
Command Type: stats eth1
Description Shows all statistics for eth1
Range (All eth1 statistics)
Example Eth1
current statistics
Bytes received :19508263
Packets received :78966
Bytes sent :13002796
Packets sent :115654
InPacket Errors :0
OutPacket Errors :0
Collisions :0
stats eth2
Command Type: stats eth2
Description Shows all statistics for eth2
Range (All eth2 statistics)
Example Eth2
current statistics
Bytes received :1713183662
Packets received :10979301
Bytes sent :3138600
Packets sent :44346
InPacket Errors :0
OutPacket Errors :0
collisions :0
stats tcpX (optional)

Command Type: stats tcpX
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SkyStream Networks
Description Shows all statistics for tcpX
Range (All tcpX statistics)
Example tcpX
current statistics
Current connections :2
stats ppp
Command Type: stats ppp
Description Shows all statistics for PPP
Range (All ppp statistics)
Example PPP Statistics

current statistics
Bytes Received :8173
Bytes Sent :5676
Packets Sent :92
InPacket Errors :0
OutPacket Errors :0
Collisions :0
stats isdn (optional)

Command Type: stats isdn
Description Shows all statistics for ISDN
Range (All isdn statistics)
Example ISDN Statistics

current statistics
Interface Status :Up
Local IP Address :209.245.132.211
Remote IP Address :209.244.43.89
Subnet Mask :255.255.255.0
L2 Protocol :L2_HDLC
L2 Protocol :L2_HDLC
MRU :2000
MTU :1500
Bytes Sent :40484

Packets Sent :552

Packets Sent :263
InPacket Errors :0
OutPacket Errors :0
stats turbointernet-vpn
Command Type: stats turbointernet-vpn
Description Shows all statistics for Turbo Internet/VPN
Range (All turbointernet-vpn statistics)
PPTP Example TurboInternet/VPN Statistics

current PPTP statistics
Status :connected
PPTPServer :64.165.192.147
EncryptionMethod :MPPE
Mode :Stateless encryption
KeyLength :128
ConnectionTime :00:01:01
LocalTunnelIPAddr :64.165.192.144
RemoteTunnelIPAddr :64.165.192.147
SubnetMask :255.255.255.255
Bytes Sent :1677
Packets Sent :36
Packets Received :16
InPacket Errors :0
OutPacket Errors :0
Collisions :0
current IPSec General statistics

Status :disconnected
stats sync (optional)

Command Type: stats sync
Description Shows all statistics for sync
Range (All sync statistics)
Example Sync Statistics current statistics

HDLC Frames Received :0
HDLC Frames Processed :2147483212
HDLC Frames Dropped :2147483040
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Chapter 5: Web GUI Configuration
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Web GUI
In this chapter you will learn how to navigate and configure the SkyStream EMR
using the Web GUI.
Using SkyStream On the left side of the EMR home page are five buttons giving the user access to
the following pages: Home, Statistics, Configuration, Maintenance, and
EMR Diagnostics. Additional linked options appear under each of the major topics
when you click on them.
92 Web GUI Configuration

Home
SkyNAT EMR application used to The Home page displays a short animation showing the basic flow of data from
support packet translation of
the satellite through the EMR to the listeners.
address translation, protocol
translation, and TTL translation.
Statistics
SNMP (Simple Network The Statistics pages display information about the Satellite Receiver, Network
Management Protocol) A Interfaces, SkyCast (IGMP), Sk yNAT, DHCP Ser ver, PPP, ISDN, TCP
standard protocol to manage Acceleration, Sync and Turbo Internet/VPN settings.
devices on the network.
Manageable devices contain an Configuration
SNMP Agent responsible for
handling the information/control The Configuration pages allow you to modify all the major settings: Satellite
request. Receiver, Network Interface, PID Selection, MAC Address Selection, Static
SkyCast: The SkyStream system Routes, SkyCast (IGMP), SkyNAT, DHCP Server, SNMP, ISDN, PPP, Fixed Key
Management.
CAS, TCP Acceleration, Turbo Internet/VPN, Sync, Date/Time and E-mail
Notification.
IGMP (Internet Group
Management Protocol) A control Maintenance
protocol used to link a “group” of The Maintenance pages allow you to download and upgrade software for the
users to the source of a data
SkyStream EMR. In addition, you can change the administrator’s password, set
stream.
preferences, load a configuration file, and reboot the system.
DHCP (Dynamic Host
Configuration Protocol) Software Diagnostics
that automatically assigns IP
addresses to client stations The Diagnostics pages provide current Software Infor mation, Hardware
logging onto a TCP/IP network. It Information, and Log File Information; and allows you to run a diagnostics
eliminates having to manually
system check, as well as utilities such as Ping and Netstat.
assign permanent IP addresses.
DHCP software typically runs in
servers and is also found in
network devices such as ISDN
routers and modem routers that
allow multiple users access to the
Internet.
Navigation Accessing the different functions on the Web GUI is a simple point and click mouse function.
The primary menu options are on the left side of the page. When you click the
menu options, you access Statistics, Configuration, Maintenance, and Diagnostic
functions. By clicking these menu options, new menu specific links will display
below the main section. The links allow direct access to monitor and configure
the SkyStream EMR.
Help Topics The Web GUI has instant online Help for every available page and function. To access the
Help information, click the Help link in the upper right corner of the page. The
Help link displays links to the four menu items (Statistics, Configuration,
Maintenance, or Diagnostics). For a complete list of Help Topics, click the link
at the bottom of each Help page.
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Statistics
Satellite Receiver The Satellite Receiver Statistics page allows you to view information gathered
from the unicast and multicast streams that are forwarded to the EMR from the
S at el li te Rece ive r. T he Sa tel l it e Rec eiver pag e cont ai ns t he foll owi ng
information:
LNB Mode: Shows current mode as None, Single, or Dual.

L-BAND Frequency: Shows the L-BAND frequency setting for the tuner.
22kHz Switch: Shows if 22kHz Switch is Enabled, Disabled, or set to automatic.
Symbol Rate: Shows the number of symbols per second being received through
the tuner. This parameter can be set in Preferences as either megasymbols or
kilosymbols.
LNB Voltage Control (polarization): Shows if the polarization is set to Vertical
Right, Horizontal Left, or Disabled.
LNB Offset: Displays the frequency offset of the LNB in megahertz.

Viterbi Rate: Indicates the Forward Error Correction (FEC) ratio of payload bits
to the total number of bits. For example, if FEC=3/4, then for every 4 bits, 3 bits
are actual data and 1 bit is overhead for error correction.
Signal Lock (QPSK Lock): A green bar with the word “LOCK” will appear
when the frequency and symbol rate are locked. If the signal cannot be locked, the
bar will be grayed out.
Data Lock (FEC Lock): A green bar with the word “LOCK” will be displayed if
MPE (Multi-protocol Symbol Rate, L-Band Frequency, and FEC are set properly. If data cannot be
Encapsulation) A DVB and ATSC locked, a red bar is displayed with the words “NO LOCK” in the bar.
packetization format that enables MPE Lock: A green bar with the word “LOCK” will be displayed if data with an
a high-speed gateway to an
MPE header is being received. If data cannot be locked, a red bar is displayed with
asymmetric Internet (or private
IP-based) network by
the words “NO LOCK” in the bar.
retransmitting IP information in Signal Strength: Shows a value and percentage for the signal strength being
addition to the payload. received from the satellite (-25 dBm to -65 dBm).
QPSK (Quadrature Phase Shift
Eb/N0: Displays the signal to noise ratio value detected by the Satellite Receiver
Keying) A method of modulating in decibels.
digital signals using four phase QPSK Bit Error Rate: Displays the measured QPSK bit error rate.
states to code two digital bits per Viterbi Bit Er ror Rate: Displays the measured error rate from the FEC
phase shift.
algorithm.
Reed Solomon Corrected Errors: Shows the errors that were fixed using the
Reed Solomon algorithm. These errors indicate that some data was corrupted and
then corrected. Errors are collected over time and will continue to build; a button
is included on this page to clear the error counters.
Reed Solomon Uncorrected Errors: Displays the total number of errors that the
Reed Solomon Correction Algorithm detected but was unable to correct.
NOTE To reset the error counters to zero click the Reset button.
Auto Refresh
The Auto Refresh feature sets how often the system will update the information on
the current page. To configure the Auto Refresh option:
1 Click the Enable radio button to activate the Auto Refresh feature.
2 In the Auto Interval field, enter the amount of time (in seconds) between
updates for the current page.
3 Click the Refresh button to apply the changes.
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Network Interface The Network Interface Statistics page shows the current network statistics
information for the satellite receiver and Ethernet interfaces on the EMR. The
following information displays on the page:

IP Statistics
• MPEG-2 Transport Packets Received: Number of valid MPEG-2 transport
Packets Any block of data sent packets received.
over a network. Each packet can
contain sender, receiver, and
• MPEG-2 Transport Packets Discarded: Number of MPEG-2 transport
error-control information, in packets discarded due to bad Sync bytes or Null packets.
addition to the actual message. • Error in MPEG-2 Continuity Count: Number of MPEG-2 packets with
Packets can be of fixed-length or
continuity count errors.
variable-length and reassembled,
if necessary, when they reach • IP Packets Generated: IP packets that attempted to be reassembled from
their destination. MPEG-2 packets with valid PIDs and valid MAC addresses.
• IP Packets Dropped: IP packets generated but dropped because of failed re-
assembly.
• IP Packets Discarded: IP packets explicitly discarded because of SkyCast
rules if the Action is set to Discard.
• IP Packets Processed: Number of packets sent to IP stack (not directly
forwarded to Ethernet).
• IP Unicast Packets Processed: Unicast Packets sent to IP stack.
• IP Multicast Packets Processed: Multicast Packets sent to IP stack or
forwarded.
Auto Refresh
See “Satellite Receiver.”
Satellite Receiver and Ethernet Parameters
• Status: Displays if the receiver(s) and Ethernet connections on the EMR are
active by displaying either “UP” or “DOWN.”
• Link Status: Shows the status of the physical Ethernet link (10 Mbps, or 100
Mbps; full duplex, half duplex, or none). The EMR auto-regulates depending
on the stream flowing in one direction or both directions at a time.
• IP Address: Shows current IP addresses.
• Subnet Mask: Shows current Subnet Mask settings.
• MAC Address: Shows current MAC Address on the satellite receiver and
Ethernet connections on the EMR.
• DHCP: Shows if DHCP server is enabled or not.
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SkyStream Networks
Ethernet Statistics
• Bytes Received: Shows number of bytes received via Eth 1 and/or Eth 2.
• Bytes Sent: Shows number of bytes sent via Eth 1 and/or Eth 2.
• Packets Received: Shows number of packets received via Eth 1 and/or Eth2.
• Packets Sent: Shows number of packets sent through Eth 1 and/or Eth 2.
• InPacket Errors: Shows number of errors in packets coming in.
• OutPacket Errors: Shows number of errors in packets going out.
Ethernet Transmit Events
• Total collisions: Shows the total number of single and multiple collisions.
• Single collisions: Shows the total number of single collisions.
• Multiple collisions: Shows the total number of multiple collisions.
• CRC errors: Shows number of frames that received invalid checksum. This is
usually caused by interference from nearby radio traffic.
• Loss of carrier: Shows number of times the carrier was lost during
transmission. This error may indicate a problem with a cable.
• PHY lockup corrected: Debugging statistics for Ethernet 1.
• Packets dropped - waiting for ARP: Shows number of packets dropped

ARP (Address Resolution while waiting for node to respond to an ARP request.
Protocol) A TCP/IP protocol used • Packets dropped - excessive collisions: Shows number of times the frame
to obtain a node's physical
address. A client station failed to transmit because of excessive collisions. This usually indicates that
broadcasts an ARP request onto the frame had to be continuously retried due to heavy traffic on Ethernet
the network with the IP address of infrastructure.
the target node it wishes to
communicate with, and the node
• Packets dropped - excessive deferrals: Shows number of times the frames
with that address responds by failed to transmit because of excessive deferrals. This may indicate a node on
sending back its physical address the LAN is using more aggressive back off delay than this one.
so that packets can be • Packets dropped - late collisions: Shows number of times a collision
transmitted. ARP returns the layer
2 address for a layer 3 address occurred after the sixty-fourth byte of a frame was transmitted. This usually
indicates a cable problem on the Ethernet infrastructure.
Ethernet Receive Events
• Flow control packets: Shows number of flow control packets.
• False carrier events: Shows number of false carrier events.
• Invalid data symbols: Shows number of invalid data symbols.
• Alignment (framing) errors: Shows number of frames received whose size
in bits was not a multiple of 8. Occasionally, extra bits of data are
inadvertently attached to a transmitted packet causing a frame alignment
error.

• Jabber errors (10 Mbps only): Shows number of Jabber errors, which occur
when data packets exceed the lengths prescribed in IEEE 802.3. Check the
cable connection for the port with the largest number of jabber errors.
• Packets dropped - buffer overrun: Shows number of times the hardware
First-In First-Out (FIFO) buffer overflowed.
• Packets dropped - too short: Shows number of frames received that were
shorter than allowed minimum of sixty-four bytes.
• Packets dropped - CRC errors: Shows number of packets dropped due to
checksum errors.
NOTE To see Ethernet Transmit Events and Ethernet Receive Events,
enable Verbose Ethernet Statistics in Maintenance-Advanced
Preferences.
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SkyCast The SkyCast Statistics page shows whether or not the EMR is running the IGMP
protocol and SkyCast Rules:
SkyCast
SkyCast The SkyStream system
The SkyCast (IGMP) Statistics shows the current status as Enabled or Disabled;
Management. however, if SkyCast is disabled, the default rule will continue to be processed.
IGMP (Internet Group

SkyCast Rules
Management Protocol) A control SkyCast Rules shows the following information:
protocol used by multicast-
enabled hosts to report their group • Original Source IP: The original source destination IP address used for
membership information to remapping.
directly-attached routers.
• New Source Dest. IP: The new source destination IP address used for
remapping—defaults to eth0.
• Source Netmask: The original source destination netmask address used for
remapping.
• Original Destination IP: The original destination IP address.
• New Dest. IP: The translated destination IP address.
• Dest. Netmask: This specifies the range of addresses to be translated.
• TTL: (Time To Live) Entering a new TTL number affects the number of
routers that packets may be sent through. Every time a router forwards a
packet, it decrements the TTL by one, if the TTL reaches zero, the packet is
discarded.

• Action: Forward, Forward If Listener, or Discard.

• Packets Received: Number of packets received from the satellite.
• Packets Processed: Number of packets forwarded to the network.
• Packets to Eth 1: Number of packets forwarded to Ethernet 1.
• Packets to Eth 2: Number of packets forwarded to Ethernet 2.
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SkyNAT
The SkyNAT Statistics page is divided into two sections, Address Translation
SkyNAT EMR application used to and Protocol Translation. These pages allow you to review the data translation
support packet translation of process and check for errors.
address translation, protocol SkyNAT is an EMR feature that allows packets received from the satellite
translation, and TTL translation. interface to be translated prior to being sent through the local Ethernet(s). The
EMR can translate (replace) destination IP addresses and remap TTL values
(Address Translation). The EMR can also perform “Protocol Translation” by
receiving UDP packets and re-transmitting their payloads over TCP.
The first SkyNAT statistics page displays two links for each Satellite Receiver:
Address Translation and Protocol Translation.

Address Translation
The Address Translation Statistics page shows the following settings:

• Original and New Dest. IP Addresses: These settings show the original
destination IP address, from where data was being transmitted, and the new
IP address, where data is being routed.
• TTL (Time To Live) Translated TTL (zero means no change if Router Mode
is enabled in Main ten ace Preferences).
• Netmask: This specifies the range of addresses to be translated.
• Packets Received and Packets Processed: Displays the amount of data that
is passing through the Address Translation process.
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SkyStream Networks
The Protocol Translation Statistics page shows the following settings:

• Original Dest. IP Address: This is the address of the incoming UDP packets
to be translated.
• UDP and TCP Port: Shows the current Protocol UDP and TCP translation
settings. The SkyStream EMR changes UDP information into TCP packets to
be sent to the local network.
• Packets Received and Packets Processed: Displays the amount of data that
is passing through the Protocol Translation process.

DHCP Server The DHCP Server Statistics page shows the current DHCP server information.
The following information displays on the page:
Only Ethernet interfaces with static IP addresses assigned to them can be

selected as DHCP Servers. Click the Ethernet interface you wish to view.
DHCP Server
The DHCP Server Statistics shows the IP address, MAC address, and host name of
the client. It also provides the lease time that these settings are valid.
IP Address: Shows the IP address of the client.
MAC Address: Shows the MAC address of the client.
Host Name: Shows the name given to the client.
Time to Expire: This value is the lease time shown in HH:MM:SS format, and
shows how long these settings are still valid.
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PPP
T he PPP Statistics pag e shows the cur rent di al-up access infor mation
connecting a single computer to the Internet via modem. The following
information displays on the page:
PPP Statistics
PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol) A • Interface Status: “Active” or “Inactive”
data link protocol that provides
packet-oriented communication • Dial Mode: “Dial on demand” or “Manual dial”
over serial lines.
• Link Status: Physical link is “Up” or “Down.”
• Local IP Address: Shows the EMR IP address.
• Remote IP Address: Shows the ISP IP address.
• Subnet Mask: Shows EMR subnet mask.
• Connect Speed: Bits per second the modem connects at.
• Bytes Received: Shows bytes received through the modem.
• Bytes Sent: Shows bytes sent through the modem.
• Packets Sent: Shows packets sent through the modem.
• InPacket Errors: Shows number of errors in packets coming in.
• OutPacket Errors: Shows number of errors in packets going out.
• Collisions: Shows number of collisions while frame is being received.

ISDN The Integrated Service Digital Network (ISDN) page shows the data being
transmitted from point-to-point. The following information displays on the
page:
ISDN Statistics
• Interface Status: “Active” or “Inactive”
• Dial Mode: “Manual” or “Dial on Demand”
• Local IP Address: This is the IP address of the local EMR.
• Remote IP Address: (Optional) not used in normal operation.
• Subnet Mask: Usually 255.255.255.255 for point-to-point connection.
• L2 Protocol: This is a Layer 2 protocol fixed at “HDLC.”
• L3 Protocol: This is a Layer 3 protocol fixed at “Synchronous PPP.”
• MRU: Set Maximum Receive Unit for negotiation (default 1500 bytes)
• MTU: Set Maximum Transmit Unit for negotiation (default 1500 bytes)
• Stream information: Bytes Sent, Bytes Received, Packets Sent, Packets
Received, InPacket Errors, and OutPacket Errors.
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TCP Acceleration The TCP Acceleration Statistics page shows the status and number of TCP
connections made by the EMR. The following information displays on the page:
TCP Acceleration Statistics

• Status Enabled/Disabled: TCP Acceleration status is enabled and ready to
make a connection or it can be disabled.
• Number of current TCP connections: Displays the current number of TCP
connections.

Sync The Sync Statistics page shows the HDLC frames received, processed, and
dropped by the EMR. The following information displays on the page:
Sync Statistics
HDLC (High-level Data Link • HDLC Frames Received: Number of frames received in synchronous
Control) An ISO communications
protocol used in X.25 packet stream.
switching networks. It provides • HDLC Frames Processed: Number of frames processed by data pipe
error correction at the data link packetizer.
layer.
• HDLC Frames Dropped: Number of frames dropped because of failed
assembly.
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Turbo Internet/VPN The Turbo Internet/VPN Statistics page shows the status of Point-To-Point
Tunneling Protocol (PPTP), IPSec General Statistics, IKE Security Association
and IPSec Security Associations in the EMR. The following information displays
on the page:
NOTE Only one connection method may be used at a time with Turbo
Internet/VPN. If PPTP is connected, IPSec is disconnected, and vice-versa. If
neither is connected, this page will show disconnected status for both.

PPTP Statistics
• Status: “Connected” or “Disconnected”
• PPTP Server: IP address of server of Windows PPTP server or VPN
concentrator.
• Encryption Method: This release supports Microsoft Point-to-Point
Encryption (MPPE), MSCHAP-v1 and v2. This release also supports PAP
with no encryption.
NOTE MPPE uses RC4, a stream cipher, to encrypt the PPP datagrams. It
currently supports encryption keys of 40 and 128 bits.
• Mode: “stateless encryption” or “non-stateless encryption”
NOTE In stateless mode, the encryption keys are changed on every packet. In
non-stateless mode, the same key is used for many packets. Stateless mode
is more reliable in “lossy” networks, and is more resistant to certain types of
cryptographic attacks. Non-stateless mode is a slightly more efficient method
in reliable networks.
• Key Length: “40-bits” or “128-bits”
• Connection Time: Time in hours, minutes, and seconds (HH:MM:SS) format
since the connection was established.
• Local Tunnel IP Address: IP address on the EMR side.
• Remote Tunnel IP Address: IP address on the server side.
• Subnet Mask: Usually 255.255.255.255, since this is a point-to-point
connection.
• Stream information: Bytes Received, Bytes Sent, Packets Received, Packets
Sent, InPacket Errors, OutPacket Errors, and Collisions.
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IPSec General Statistics
• Status: “Connected” or “Disconnected”

IP Sec The IP security protocol, • IPSec Gateway: IP address of remote gateway or VPN concentrator.
more commonly known as IPsec,
is a suite of protocols that • Stream information: Combined total Bytes Received, Bytes Sent, Packets
provides security at the network Received, Packets Sent, InPacket Errors, OutPacket Errors, and Collisions for
layer. all IPSec Security Associations.

IKE Security Associations

• Gateway: IP address of the other side of the IPSec connection. Usually a
VPN server.
• Security: Combination of encryption, authentication and key exchange
parameters currently used for this connection.
• IKE Lifetime: Time (HH:MM:SS) for which the IKE Security Association
(SA) remains valid.
• IPSec Lifetime: Time (HH:MM:SS) for which the IPSec SA remains valid.
• Serial Number: A unique identifier associated with the IKE SA, which
usually increments each time the SA is re keyed.
NOTE IKE negotiation happens first to create an authenticated encryption
channel. This channel is then used to negotiate an IPSec Security
Association (SA) between two gateways. The IPSec SA is then used to
transfer encrypted and authenticated data traffic between the gateways and
any subnets that might be configured.
IPSec Security Associations
• Direction: “Out” or “In”
NOTE IPSec tunnels are unidirectional.
• Tunnel Endpoint: Termination point (IP address) of a tunnel. This will
usually be the IP address of EMR or the remote IPSec gateway.
• Security: IPSec protocol, encryption, and authentication currently used for
this connection.
• Source: The source address of packets that will use these tunnels.
• Destination: The destination address of packets that will use these tunnels.
• Packets: Number of packets sent or received via this tunnel.
• Uptime: Amount of time this tunnel has been in operation.
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Multifrequency The Multifrequency Statistics page will display if it is set in E-Manager. It will
exist as long as Multifrequency logic is searching for a lock. Once it has acquired
Settings lock, the information will go away.
Set 1 and Set 2

The values follow are the same as in Satellite Receiver Statistics.
Status
The status will reflect the controls for obtaining lock configured in E-Manager
Configuration—Satellite Receiver, Multifrequency Properties.
E-Manager The following parameters are set in E-Manager to obtain lock after you have
Multifrequency configured two sets of frequencies.
Properties Set Immediately: Tries to Set-1 first for lock-on and if it fails will
try Set-2 in Continuous Mode.
Set upon loosing lock: Tries to trigger change over from one
configuration to another when lock is lost.
Interval gives the time in seconds it tries to get lock. When
continuously trying to get lock.
Click the Advanced button and set the Timeout in minutes,
which is the time set for acquiring lock.

Configuration
Satellite Receiver
The Satellite Receiver Configuration page allows you to control Satellite Receiver
settings. The first page displays the Satellite Receivers present in the EMR. By
clicking the applicable link, you can access the Tuner page for each Satellite
Receiver.
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SkyStream Networks
Tuner
The first configuration page provides current information on the satellite receiver,
such as LNB Mode status, Symbol Rate, L-BAND Frequency, LNB Voltage
Control (polarization, 22kHz Switch status, and Data Lock (FEC lock) status. You
can also change the LNB Mode by selecting one of the radio buttons (None,
Single, and Double) or you can change the configuration by clicking the Change
Tuner Settings button. T his will open the other boxes for configuration
purposes. Once you have completed the configuration, you must click the Apply
button. You can then view Satellite Receiver Statistics by clicking the View Tuner
Statistics button. In addition, you can configure Multifrequency Settings.
Change Tuner Settings

You can configure the following fields on the Configuration Satellite Tuner page
for Receiver 1:
Symbol Rate: Sets a value for the symbol rate received from the satellite tuner
in megasymbols.
NOTE The symbol rate values can be displayed as Msymbols/s or
ksymbols/s. This value can be set in the Maintenance Preference page.
LNB Mode: Select the radio button to set the LNB settings.
I None: Use if no LNB is present.
I Single: Use if a single LNB is installed; when selected, enter the frequency in
gigahertz (GHz).
I Dual: Use if dual LNBs are installed; when selected enter the High and Low
frequencies in gigahertz (GHz).

NOTE The range for LNB Settings is 3 - 220.

L-BAND Frequency: Sets the frequency of the incoming L-Band signal in
megahertz (MHz). This is only used if the LNB is set to None.
LNB High Frequency: In Dual LNB Mode set the high frequency of the LNB
converter setting in gigahertz. This setting can be either positive or negative
(adjusted above or below the frequency setting).
LNB Low Frequency: In Dual LNB Mode set the low frequency of the LNB
converter setting in gigahertz. This setting can be either positive or negative
(adjusted above or below the frequency setting).
LNB Voltage Control (polarization): Sets the desired signal polarization.
NOTE Default is Disabled (no voltage).
22kHz Switch: Enables or Disables the 22kHz Switch to automatic.
Data Lock (FEC lock): Shows green if Symbol Rate, L-Band Frequency and
FEC are set properly, or red if no signal is present.
After all the Satellite Receiver tuner settings are complete, click the Apply
button.
This page is available by selecting the Dual LNB Mode radio button and
clicking the Change Tuner Settings button. Clicking Clear will initialize all
values to zero. Clicking Cancel will cancel any changes and return you to the
previous page.
NOTE By default, the EMR auto-detects the Viterbi Rate. If you would rather
specify it, go to the Maintenance-Advanced Preferences page and select
Manual mode for the FEC.
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SkyStream Networks
Multifrequency Settings
Multifrequency allows you to reconfigure EMR satellite information remotely
through using two sets of frequency-satellite parameters by which the EMR
might achieve lock. First, the EMR tries to acquire lock with one set of
parameters, and if it fails, tries a second set.
Click the Multifrequency Settings button in the Tuner Configuration page and
the following page will display:
To configure Set 1, click the Configure Set 1 button. Depending upon which
LNB Mode you select, a different dialog box will appear. Enter settings in the
same ways as configuring Satellite Receiver and click Apply. Then configure Set
2 in the same way. Click the Advanced button to set the method by which the
EMR obtains lock. When you are ready, click the Start Multifrequency button.

Advanced Settings
After configuring Advanced Multifrequency Settings, click Apply.
Type: Select the type of method for obtaining lock; either Set Immediately or
Lock means that a signal, data or Set upon losing lock. In this way, one set will become the first set applied,
other information is being followed by the second set of parameters.
recieved and processing properly.
Interval: Type the interval in seconds that the tuner checks to see if it has lost
lock.
Timeout: Type the period in minutes that a set of paramteres tries to obtain
lock and/or checks the tuner status to make sure that the tuner has lock.
The default is zero [0], which means that it will try forever until it acquires lock.
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Network Interface The Network Interface page allows you to modify the network setting on the
Ethernet and Satellite Receiver Interfaces.
The first page that appears shows the available Ethernet interfaces on the
SkyStream EMR. By clicking the link for Ethernet 1, Ethernet 2, Satellite
Receiver 1, or Satellite Receiver 2, the following pages appear:
To configure the Ethernet interface:

Select either “Obtain IP Address from DHCP Ser ver” or “Specify an IP
Address” depending on your local network configuration.
If you selected to specify an IP address:
1 Enter the IP address.
2 Enter the subnet mask information.
3 Click the Apply button to save the changes.

DHCP Client Requirements

The DHCP client must be able to acquire the following information:
• IP Address
• Subnet Mask
NOTE Because the SkyStream EMR is primarily a router, the DHCP client will
not set DNS server and domain name information, as DNS lookups may slow
down the unit. The DHCP client will only request the three parameters listed
above.
You can configure Ethernet 2 in the same manner as Ethernet 1.
To configure the Satellite Receiver Interfaces:
Satellite interfaces only require an IP address and subnet mask.
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PID Selection Packet IDs (PIDs) are identifiers used to tag different MPEG packet flows
inside the transport stream. The SkyStream EMR uses PIDs to identify the
different broadcast data or programs in the broadcast streams. In order to
receive specific data, the correct PID must be entered. The EMR can handle 32
to 64 PIDs for each satellite receiver.
Clicking the Satellite Receiver 1 PID Selection link will take you to the next
page.

To scan for all PIDs in the stream:

1 Select the Enable PID Scanning radio button and click Apply. This action
stops data traffic and displays all detected PIDs in the stream when you press
Refresh.
2 When scanning is complete, you should select the Disable radio button
because this function has high CPU Usage. If you want to add a PID into
Active PIDs, select the PID from the Scanned PIDs list and click the Add
button.
To add a New Active PID:
1 First select either Decimal or Hexadecimal, depending on the format you
want to use when entering PID values.
TIP A block of PIDs can be entered 2 Enter the PID value, range between 0 and 8191 (0x and 0x1FFF) to New PID
as follows: 200,300-320,500. This box.
will add PIDs 200, 500 and 300
through 320 to the list of active PIDs. 3 Click the Add button.
4 To delete an existing PID, click the Delete link next to the PID.
NOTE To see Bits/Sec for Active PIDs, enable PID Rate Monitoring in
Maintenance Preferences.
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MAC Address Each satellite receiver card has a unique MAC Address assigned by SkyStream.
In normal operation, the satellite receiver will only accept unicast packets where
Selection the destination MAC addresses matches that of the receiver. Using this page, you
can define up to 32 additional MAC addresses per receiver. Incoming unicast
packets matching any of these addresses will be accepted and forwarded. You
can also disable MAC address filtering.
The first page that appears shows the satellite receivers connected to the EMR.
Clicking the link will take you to a page where you can add or delete a MAC
address.

MAC Addresses can be added or deleted on this page. The MAC Configuration
page shows all the cur rent MAC addresses in use. You can also Enable
Promiscuous Mode, which means that the EMR accepts all MAC addresses; or
you can Disable Promiscuous Mode, which means that the EMR only accepts
the listed MAC addresses plus the default receiver MAC addresses. After making
changes, click Apply.
To add a new MAC Address:
1 Type the New MAC Address. Use hexadecimals separated by colons, spaces,
or dashes.
2 Click the Add button.
3 To cancel the MAC Address, click the Delete link.
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Static Routes This page allows you to add static routes to the system. The first page also
provides information on current static routes.
Enter any additional routing option(s) in the first box. This will allow you to
control the infor mation retrieved by the Route function. For additional
information on routing options, click the More Info button. This will display a
document defining the route command.
OR SEE Appendix A: Command Definitions

Current Static Routes

Click the Add New Route button and the next page will appear. This page
allows you to configure a new route.
Select the interface type using the radio option button for Network, Host, or
Default Gateway, then click the Apply button to save settings. To reset the route
configuration page, click the Cancel button. Enter the IP address, netmask, and
gateway network information for the route utility. Type a metric value for this
route. If you do not enter a value, the default value is 1. After you have
configured the route settings, click the Apply button.
Click View Current Routing Table button and the following page will display:
RIP V1
The RIP V1 section allows you to configure and enable/disable RIP (Routing
Information Protocol). RIP allows the EMR to exchange routing information
with neighboring routers and automatically learn the network topology. Use the
radio buttons to enable/disable RIP. If RIP is enabled, you can use the radio
buttons to export (announce) the default route, if the EMR has one. After you
have configured the settings, click the Apply button.
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SkyCast You can enable or disable SkyCast from the Configuration SkyCast page and
then apply new rules. Moreover, you can enable or disable Global source re-
address, which re-addresses the IP address of all packets regardless of group or
address. Click Apply to make effective.
The EMR has the following multicast processing functionality (SkyCast):

• Forwarding: a particular multicast group may be unconditionally forwarded,
discarded, or conditionally forwarded if listeners are in the network.
• Remapping: multicast addresses and TTL can be optionally remapped to new
values.
NOTE When remapping a source IP address, not all fields in the SkyCast rule need to be
filled. If the intention is just to remap the Source IP Address then it is only necessary to
enter values in the first three fields—Original Source IP, New Source Dest. IP, and Source
Netmask.
Global Source Re-address
If you enable Global Source Readdress, the source IP address of all packets with
a multicast destination will be remapped to eth0, eth1, or both depending on
whichever one has been a listening member joining the multicast group. In
addition, it will use the SkyCast default rule for TTL and forwarding.

NOTE If SkyCast is enabled, then the source map will first try to process the
rules in SkyCast and then process global source remapping. If the user only
wants to use the default rule—with global source IP remap enabled—and
bypass the SkyCast rules, then the user can disable SkyCast.
SkyCast Rules
SkyCast Rules allow you to add, edit or delete SkyCast rules from the system.
SkyCast rules also allow you to apply specific guidelines on how the information
is sent to the local network.
This section describes how to configure the multicast functionality.
• To configure the system, enter the Original Dest. IP Address, New
Destination IP Address, Netmask, TTL settings, and the Action rule for
forwarding streams.
Configure SkyCast
To edit current rules or the default rule information, click the Edit link. To
delete a Current Rule, click the Delete link next to it. To add a new SkyCast
Rule, click the Add New Rule button.
Enter the following information to add a new SkyCast Rule:
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• Original Source IP Address, New Source IP Address, and Source

TTL (Time To Live) Entering a Netmask (Optional): These three settings are used to remap the Source IP
new TTL number affects the address.
number of routers that packets
may be sent through. Every time
• Original and New Destination IP Addresses: These settings are the
a router forwards a packet, it Original Destination IP Address of a data stream to be sent to a New
decrements the TTL by one, if the Destination IP Address.
TTL reaches zero, the packet is
discarded. The TTL settings can
• Netmask: The netmask specifies the range of addresses to be translated. For
vary depending on the topology example, a netmask of 255.255.255.255 represents only one address, while a
of the local network to attempt to netmask of 255.255.255.0 represents a range of 256 addresses. Example: If
keep streams from being Original Dest. IP Address is 224.1.1.0, Netmask is 255.255.255.0 and New
forwarded outside of your Dest. IP Address is 225.1.1.0, then packets destined to 224.1.1.1 will
network. translate to 225.1.1.1, packets to 224.1.1.2 translate to 225.1.1.2, and so on up
to 224.1.1.255 translating to 225.1.1.255.
• TTL (Time To Live) If you leave this value at zero, the TTL remains
unchanged.
NOTE The default for the TTL value is zero (0). This is a special value used to
indicate that the EMR will not change the TTL value as it forwards the
packets. If you leave this value at zero the TTL remains unchanged; however, this only
applies if Router Mode is enabled in Maintenance Preferences.
• Action: The Action radio buttons allow you to set up a specific Forwarding
Rule for the specified multicast IP address. The following three options are
available:
I Forward If Listener: Sends the multicast packets from this multicast group into
the network if there is a group member present.
I Discard: Discards all packets belonging to this group.
I Forward: Sends the Multicast packets into the local network unconditionally;
however, you will need to select which Ethernet to Forward through using the
radio buttons (Ethernet 1, and Ethernet 2).
• Change: To delete a rule, click the Delete link. To edit a rule, click the Edit
link.

NOTE The same procedure applies to Default Rules. However, the default
rules, in addition to the remapping addresses, only contain Original
Destination IP, Netmask, and TTL.
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SkyNAT The SkyNAT Configuration page is divided into two sections, Address
Translation and Protocol Translation. These pages allow you to configure the
data translation process. To activate this option, click the Enable radio button
and then click the Apply button. To turn it off, select the Disable radio button
and click the Apply button.
Address Translation
Click the Address Translation link to access the configuration page.
The Address Translation page shows the following settings:

• Original and New IP Addresses: These indicate the original destination IP
address of the packets to be translated. Packets received on the DVB interface
that match the original IP address range are transmitted with the new IP
address as their destination.
• Netmask: This specifies the range of addresses to be translated.
• TTL (Time To Live) If you leave this value at zero, the TTL remains
unchanged; otherwise, the new TTL value is set.
• Change: To delete a rule, click the Delete link.
NOTE This release supports 100 Address Rules.

To add new SkyNAT Address Translation options, click the Add New Rule
button. A new page will appear, enter the information for the New Address
Translation Rule.
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Click the Protocol Translation link to access the configuration page.
The Protocol Translation page shows the following settings:
• Original Dest. IP Address: Indicates the original destination IP address for
UDP packets to be subject to translation. Only UDP packets with this
destination address will have their payloads translated.
• UDP Port: Indicates the original UDP destination port for translated packets.
• TCP Port: The EMR will listen to incoming TCP connections on this port to
deliver the packet payloads.
To add new SkyNAT Protocol Translation options, click the Add New Rule
button.
• Original Dest. IP Address: Indicates the original destination IP address for

UDP packets to be subject to translation. Only UDP packets with this
destination address will have their payloads translated.
• UDP Port: Indicates the original UDP destination port for translated packets.
• TCP Port: The EMR will listen to incoming TCP connections on this port to
deliver the packet payloads.
To save these options, click the Apply button.
NOTE TCP and UDP port numbers are between 0 and 65535.

DHCP Server The DHCP Configuration page allows you to set up the DHCP Server settings.
To configure the Server settings enter the Domain name, DNS server(s), Subnet
mask, Lease Time, Default Broadcast Address, Router(s), and address ranges to
be assigned to listeners in the appropriate boxes on the configuration page. To
apply the setting, click the Apply button. You can also view DHCP Server
Statistics.
The following information gives you details about the different configurations
for DHCP Client and Server settings.
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DHCP Server Requirements

Only Ethernet interfaces with static IP addresses assigned to them can be
selected as DHCP Servers. Once the ser ver is enabled, set the following
parameters to be distributed to the clients:
• Domain Name: Value to be passed to clients.
• DNS servers: Up to three addresses.
• Subnet mask: Client subnet mask.
• Lease Time (seconds): Amount of time a DHCP Client can hold an address
without renewing.
• Address Ranges: One or more ranges of IP address: (10)
• Routers: Up to two router IP addresses.
This page shows both interfaces: Ethernet 1, and by scrolling down, Ethernet 2
is available for configuration in the same manner.

SNMP SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) is a widely used network

monitoring and control protocol.
To configure the SkyStream EMR for SNMP, enter the following information:
• Trap Destination: Enter the IP address to be used for the trap destination.
• Trap Community: Sets the trap community name to be used with this level
of access.
• SNMP Community: Enter the SNMP community name to be used with this
access level.
• Access Control: Defines this access level for this community. Select
Read_Only or Read_Write from the pull down box. Allows Write or Read
only access to the SNMP function.
• Click the Add button to apply the SNMP settings.
• Click the Edit or Delete link next to the SNMP section in order to modify or
remove the SNMP settings.
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You can click the Edit System Infor mation button to edit Contact and
Location.
Enter the following information:
• Contact: Type contact name or address for person responsible for this event.
• Location: Type location of this unit.
• Click the Submit button to apply new settings.
• Click the Cancel button to remove the SNMP entry.

PPP Point-to-Point Protocol is a data link protocol that provides dial-up access over
serial lines connecting a single computer to the Internet via a modem.
To configure the Sk yStream EMR for PPP, you must enter connection
information into the following tabs: ISP/Remote PPP Server Setup, Network
Setup, Hardware Settings, Modem Settings, and Demand Dialer.
The button Enable/Disable toggles PPP “on” or “off ” and the Connect/
Disconnect button toggles Manual Dialing “on” or “off.” You can also View
PPP Statistics.
NOTE These values are set per EMR and are not saved in a configuration file.
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ISP/Remote PPP Server Setup
Click the ISP/Remote PPP Ser ver Setup tab and enter the following
PAP (Password Authentication information:
Protocol) The most basic access
control protocol for logging onto a
• Phone Number: Type phone number of remote ISP server. If your system
network. A table of usernames requires you to dial ‘9’ for an outside line, type ‘9<comma>’ and phone
and passwords is stored on a number without spaces.
server. When users log on, their • User Name: Type User Name required to log-on to remote ISP.
usernames and passwords are
sent to the server for verification. • Password: Type password to log-on to remote ISP.
Click Advanced button to set up Expect/Send Strings or turn Debug on or
off. Click Apply button or click Cancel to remove the entry.

Advanced ISP/Remote PPP Server
Expect/Send Strings
Generally, a script consists of one or more “expect/send” pairs of strings,
separated by spaces, with an optional “subexpect-subsend” string pair, separated
by a dash as shown in the illustration. What you expect to receive in your logon
script is in the Expect box, and what you would type to log on is in the Send
box. You must be an advanced user to use this feature. If you have had difficulty
connecting to your ISP, you can check the Log File for possible connection
errors.
Debug On/Off
To view the Log File, click the Debug on radio button and click Apply, then
click the View Log button. For more information, consult your service provider
for documentation on “hooking up a PPP link to an Inter net Ser vice
Provider (ISP).”
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Network Setup
Click the Network Setup tab and enter the following information:
MRU (Maximum Receive Unit)
The largest packet size that can
• Use Peer as Default Route: Toggle radio buttons for modem-side gateway.
be received over the network. • Maximum Receiver Unit (MRU): 1500 (default) bytes
MTU (Maximum Transmission • Maximum Transmit Unit (MTU): 1500 (default) bytes
Unit) The largest packet size that • Connect Timeout: PPP connection timeout (default is 45 seconds).
can be transmitted over the
network. Messages longer than Click Apply button or click Cancel to remove the entry.
the MTU must be divided into
smaller packets by the Click Advanced button to set up Local IP Address or Remote IP Address.
communications protocol.
• Local IP Address: Type the EMR IP address (0.0.0.0 will negotiate actual
IP address during connection).
• Remote IP Address: Type ISP IP address (optional)
Click Apply button or click Cancel to remove the entry.

Hardware Settings
Click the Hardware Settings tab and enter the following information:
• Line Speed: Select line speed (baud rate of the modem)
• Modem Type: Select Internal or External modem (this line only appears if
the EMR has an internal modem).
• Hardware Flow Control: Toggle radio buttons between Enable and Disable.
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Modem Setup
Click the Modem Setup tab and enter the following information:
• INIT String: ATZ ATE1VE1V1Q0 (default) Initial string of up to 256
characters. You can override this setting with a new initializing string.
• Dial String: ATDT (default) Dial string of 8 characters.
Modem Setup for External ISDN
You can use an external ISDN through the PPP page with some modification on
the AT string, the new INIT string for using external ISDN would be as follows:
INIT String: ATE0V1Q0&D2!D1=57600%A2=96&K3
The explanation for this new AT string is as follows:
I ATE0 - Echo Off
I ATV1 - Result Code format (long format)
I ATQ0 - Enable Result Codes
I AT&D2 - DTR Control
I AT!D1= - Specify Default DTE Speed (n=speed)
I AT%A2= - Protocol Control
(n=95 for async to sync conversion , n=96 for MLPPP)
I AT&K3 - Enable RTC CTS

Demand Dialer
The Demand Dialer is your gateway to remote ISP/PPP servers. The Idle
timeout at the top of the Demand Dialer page allows you to specify the time in
seconds before the dialer hangs up. Click the Demand Dialer tab to connect,
view, edit, and delete rules.
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You can create a new rule by clicking the New Rule button at the bottom of the
page and click the New day/time button to set up dialing rules. After you have
configured the Demand Dialer rule, click Apply button. The Advanced button
provides a way to “ignore” all packets received on a given interface.
Advanced Button
This feature provides a way to “ignore” all packets received on a given interface,
and can be used to prevent demand dial if spurious traffic is expected on a
particular interface. This is useful if you have Promiscuous MAC enabled, and
do not want unexpected packets to trigger a dial. The packets are still processed
as usual; however, they will not cause an automatic dial even if they match one of
the “accept” rules. By default, packets received by the Satellite Receiver(s) are
ignored by the demand-dial and demand-tunnel rules. This can be changed by
clicking the receiver checkboxes and clicking Apply.

Click Edit or Add New Rule and enter the following information:
• Action: Select from list “accept,” or “ignore.”

IPv6-in-IPv4 A next-generation • Protocol: Select from the following list: TCP, UDP, ICMP, IGMP, EGP, GRE,
Internet Protocol, known first as
IPv6-in-IPv4, ESP, AH, or any protocol.
IPng and then as IPv6, has been
under development by the NOTE Only TCP and UDP may use port numbers.
Internet Engineering Task Force
(IETF) for several years to
• Source IP Address: The dialer source IP address
replace the current Internet • NetMask: The dialer source netmask
Protocol known as IPv4.
• Destination IP Address: The dialer destination IP address
• Netmask: The dialer destination netmask
• Source Port (0 for any): The dialer source port number. Type zero ‘0’ for any
port.
• Destination Port (0 for any): The dialer destination port number. Type zero
‘0’ for any port.
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Click New day/time button and enter Start Time and End Time. You can also
select specific days in that time period.
NOTE No New day/time rule can cross the boundary of a day.
The first scenario shows that a New date/time rule cannot be set past 11.59 PM
(actually 11:59:59). To continue into the following day, you must create a second
rule that starts the next day starting at midnight (12.00 AM).
The second scenario shows how two rules allow you to dial at anytime except for
one hour from noon to 1.00 PM. To achieve this, you must create one rule that
starts, say, at midnight and finishes at 11.59 AM and another that starts at 1.00
PM and ends at 11.59 PM. This will block off one hour starting at noon.

Click Show debug log at the bottom of the Demand Dialer Rules page and the
following page will appear:
Demand dialer rules Any default routes must be removed prior to starting demand dialing. When
demand dialing is enabled, the demand dialer installs itself as the default route
and listens for outgoing packets. When an outgoing packet arrives at the default
route, the rules are scanned in priority order; from top to bottom: first “ignore”
and then “accept.” The first matching rule is used. The same rules are used for
both ISDN and PPP.
Demand dialer rules have two actions and these actions apply to whichever
device—dial-up modem (PPP), or ISDN—is configured to “Dial on Demand.”
Only one device may be configured to dial on demand—you cannot enable both
PPP and ISDN at the same time. Changes to any rules will take effect the next
time the modem dials out; they do not affect a current connection. Rules can add
up to a maximum of 40 rules.
ignore
Packets that match an ignore rule will be ignored and will not match any later
rules. Except for the lack of a <timeout> parameter, the parameters are exactly
as described for the accept command.
There is a single timer in the demand dialer, which counts down whenever the
link is connected. When it reaches zero the link is disconnected. Accept rules
can be used to refresh the timer and maintain the link in the connected state.
The ability to define different rules for different types of traffic are very flexible
configuration.
EMR has a default set of rules that may be restored by clicking on the “Restore
factory default rules” button. This set of rules will be sufficient for most users.
These rules may be customized as necessary.
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accept
Packets that match an accept rule will cause the link to come up and/or stay up
for at least <timeout> seconds. The value <timeout> must be a non-negative
integer. A <timeout> of zero means the connection associated with the packet
will be killed immediately. The default is 300 seconds.
The following debugging method will assist you in the development of custom
rule sets and to diagnose problems with demand-dial connections. The “Show
debug log” button displays a log file that indicates the activity of the demand
dialer. Each time a demand rule causes the EMR to dial out, a “Trigger” message
will appear in the log. This trig ger message indicates the original source,
protocol, source address (and port), and destination address (and port) of the
matching packet that initiated the connection.
Trigger: from locally generated: tcp 192.168.4.178/1044 64. 165.192.147/1723
The above trigger is an example of an EMR initiating a PPTP connection to a

PPTP server at 64.165.192.147, port 1723
The source of the packet that caused the trigger can be one of the following:
locally generated — a packet that originated from EMREMR itself.
eth1 — a packet that was received on Ethernet-1
eth2 — a packet that was received on Ethernet-2
satrx1 — a packet that was received on Satellite Receiver-1
satrx2 — a packet that was received on Satellite Receiver-2
This debug ging message makes it easier for you to know what caused the
modem to dial when configured for demand dialing. This allows you to adjust
demand rules if necessary.
If a timeout expires and causes the disconnection of the link, a message like the
one below will appear in the log:
Closing down idle link

ISDN Integrated Service Digital Network (ISDN) allows data to be transmitted from
point-to-point and reach a destination without errors. The rate of transmission
of the data in the ISDN is 64 kbps per channel (maximum 128 kbps). The EMR
supports BRI, passive, with two B-channels.
NOTE Even without an ISDN card, it is still possible to use an external ISDN
through PPP. See PPP Modem Setup.
To configure the EMR ISDN, you must enter connection information into the
following tabs:
NOTE These values are set I ISP/Remote ISDN Server Setup

per EMR and are not saved
I ISDN-PPP Setup
in a configuration file.
I ISDN Line Settings
The Manual dial now button, at the bottom of the main ISDN configuration
properties page, causes the EMR to immediately dial out using the currently
configured phone number, username, and password. Alternatively, clicking the
Dial on demand button causes the EMR to dial out only when necessary. The
decision to dial out and the amount of time to stay connected are controlled by a
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set of demand dialer rules. You can configure the demand dialer rules by clicking
on the menu tab Demand Dialer. See Demand dialer rules.
ISP/Remote ISDN Server Setup
Click the ISP/Remote ISDN Ser ver Setup tab and enter the following
information:
• Phone Number: Type phone number of remote ISP server.
• User Name: Type User Name required to log-on to remote ISP.
• Password: Type password to log-on to remote ISP.

ISDN-PPP Setup
Click the ISDN-PPP Setup tab and enter the following information:
• Use ISDN Connection As Default Route: Toggle “Yes” or “No”
• VJ Header Compression: Toggle “Enable” or “Disable.” This setting allows
you to enable or disable Van Jacobson style TCP/IP header compression.
• B Channel (Multilink PPP): Select “One B-Channel” or “Two B-Channels”
• Maximum Receiver Unit (MRU): 2000 (default) bytes
• Maximum Transmit Unit (MTU): 1500 (default) bytes
• IP Address Negotiation: Toggle “Enable” or “Disable.”

• Requested IP Address: Type the EMR IP address (0.0.0.0 will negotiate
actual IP address during connection).
• Remote IP Address: Type remote ISP IP address (optional)
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ISDN Line Settings
ISDN Line Settings

• D-Channel Protocol: Select from the following list: Protocol 1TR6, Protocol
EDSS1, Protocol Leased, and Protocol NI1.
Line numbers
• MSN/EAZ1 and 2: Multiple Subscriber Number or Endgeraete Auswahl
Ziffer (Germany) Obtain these numbers from your Internet Service Provider.
• SPID 1 and 2: Service Profile Identifier is an additional identifier used to
identify the EMR ISDN device to the telephone network. Obtain these
numbers from you Internet Service Provider.
NOTE SPID is available by selecting Protocol NI1 as the D-Channel Protocol.

Demand Dialer
The Demand Dialer is a tool which allows the EMR to dial out only when
necessary. The decision to dial out and the amount of time to stay connected are
controlled by a set of demand dialer rules. When a packet arrives at EMR and no
route exists for the destination IP address, the demand dialer will compare the
packet against the set of rules. The first matching rule is used to determine if the
demand dialer should dial out or remain connected for a period of time. These
rules allow great flexibility when connecting to an Internet Service Provider
(ISP).
Click the Demand Dialer tab to connect, view, edit, delete rules. The Idle
timeout at the top of the Demand Dialer page allows you to specify the time in
seconds before the dialer hangs up.
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You can create a new rule by clicking the New Rule button at the bottom of the
page and click the New day/time button to set up dialing rules. After you have
configured the Demand Dialer rule, click Apply button. The Advanced button
provides a way to “ignore” all packets received on a given interface.
Advanced Button

• Action: Select from list “accept,” or “ignore.” See Configuration PPP, Demand
IPv6-in-IPv4 A next-generation dialer rules.
Internet Protocol, known first as • Protocol: Select from the following list: TCP, UDP, ICMP, IGMP, EGP, GRE,
under development by the IPv6-in-IPv4, ESP, AH, or any protocol.
Internet Engineering Task Force NOTE Only TCP and UDP may use port numbers.
replace the current Internet • Source IP Address: The source IP address of packets that matches this rule.
Protocol known as IPv4. • Netmask: The netmask associated with the source IP address that matches
this rule.
• Destination IP Address: The destination IP address that matches this rule.
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• Netmask: The destination netmask that matches this rule.

• Source Port (0 for any): The source port number for packets that matches
this rule. Type zero ‘0’ if the port number doesn’t matter.
• Destination Port (0 for any): The destination port number for packets that
matches this rule. Type zero ‘0’ if the port number doesn’t matter.
Click Show debug log at the bottom of the Demand Dialer Rules page and the
If you click the Restore factory default rules button, you will delete all the
current rules and replace them with a factory default set of rules. These rules
should be sufficient for most users, and they can be modified as necessary.

Fixed Key CAS You can use Fixed Key CAS for descrambling MPEG streams. If you do not
enter Fixed Key CAS into the system, scrambled streams will not be accessible.
The Fixed Key Conditional Access System option enables each receiver to
decode up to 128 encrypted PID streams (one Fixed Key CAS per PID). If the
broadcaster is scrambling this information, you will receive a key or keys for
each scrambled PID; that is, if you are authorized to receive the information.
NOTE Fixed Key CAS is The first page allows you to select the Satellite Receiver you wish to configure.
synonymous with Stream Secure in
SkyStream’s SkyConsole.
Click the link and the next page displays the current Fixed Key CAS settings. If
you want to add a new key, click the Add New Key button. If you want to edit a
Fixed Key, click on the Edit link. Click the Delete link to remove a Fixed Key.
PID: Select how you wish to e nte r the PID values, e ither Dec imal or
Hexadecimal by selecting the radio buttons, and then type the PID number.
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Key (Hex): Type eight hexadecimals in the following format XX-XX-XX-XX-

XX-XX-XX-XX
Parity: Select parity to either odd or even using the radio buttons.
Click the Apply button to set the Fixed Key CAS. To remove the entry, click the
Reset button, and to stop the entry, click the Cancel button.
Click the Edit link to edit the Fixed Key CAS setting.

TCP Acceleration TCP Acceleration optimizes the use of TCP over satellite. TCP Acceleration
supports both passive and active FTP, concurrent TCP connections, VSAT, and
redundancy backup.
To configure the SkyStream EMR for TCP Acceleration, you must enter
connection information into the following tabbed panes:
I Network Settings
I Compression Settings
I User Defined Ports
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Network Settings
Click the Network Settings tab and enter the following information:
Server Side Settings
• Primary Remote Server Address: Enter the IP address and port used by the
TCP Acceleration primary server.
• Secondary Remote Server Address: If you want a backup server, enter the
IP address and port for the TCP Acceleration secondary server.
• POP3 Server Address: If you want to use an e-mail program to send mail,
enter the IP address and port of your Post Office Protocol 3 (POP3) mail
server.
NOTE For information on using TCP Acceleration with various browsers, mail
programs and FTP applications see Appendix B: TCP Acceleration—Working
With Applications.
• SMTP Server Address: If you want to use an e-mail program to receive mail,
enter the IP address and port of your Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
mail server.

• NNTP Server Address: If you want to use a Network News Transport

Protocol (NNTP), enter the IP address and port of your NNTP server.
Client Side Settings
• HTTP Listen Port: Enter the HyperText Transport Protocol (HTTP) port
used by the TCP Acceleration Client (default is 9090).
• FTP Listen Port: Enter the File Transfer Protocol (FTP) port used by the
TCP Acceleration Client (default is 9091).
• SSL Listen Port: Enter the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) port used by the TCP
Acceleration Client (default is 9092).
• POP3 Listen Port: Enter the POP3 port used by the TCP Acceleration
Client.
• SMPT Listen Port: Enter the SMTP port used by the TCP Acceleration
Client.
• NNTP Listen Port: Enter the NNTP port used by the TCP Acceleration
Client.
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Compression Settings
Click the Compression Settings tab and enter the following information:
• Compression: Enter the IP address and port used by the TCP Acceleration
primary server.
• Compression Level: This display allows you to select the level of
compression. The highest compression level is 9 and the lowest is 1.
• HTTP Compression: Select one of the radio buttons (Yes or No).
• FTP Compression: Select one of the radio buttons (Yes or No).
• Compressed File Extensions: *.txt, *.doc, *.html, *.htm and *.bmp are
default extensions. However, you may delete them, if you wish, by clicking the
applicable Delete button. In addition, you may type new extensions into the
text box at the bottom of the list, and add them to the list by clicking the Add
button. After making changes, click the Apply button.
NOTE Compression Settings also displays the Maximum number of TCP
connections allowed (1000).

User Defined Ports
Click the User Defined Services tab and add or delete information, as required.
• Free-TCP Server Address: Enter the IP address used by the TCP
Acceleration primary server and port numbers for the Server side and Client
side (client default is 5631). You may delete the entry lines by clicking the
applicable Delete button. In addition, you may type new lines into the text
box at the bottom of the list, and add them to the list by clicking the Add
button. After making changes, click the Apply button.
Preferences
Preferences allows you to “Enable” or “Disable” Transparent Proxy. For HTTP
only, by enabli ng Transparent Proxy you do not have to ent er proxy
information to the client connected to the EMR.
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Turbo Internet/VPN SkyStream’s Turbo Internet solution employs an asymmetrical satellite network
that provides a high-speed delivery system. Turbo Internet uses the EMR, in an
end-to-end broadband content delivery system that includes an IP encapsulator,
such as the SkyStream satellite Source Media Router (SMR). Most Internet
traffic is asymmetrical in nature. There is much more data going toward the
Internet terminal than away from it. The Turbo Internet takes advantage of this
fact and employs a high-capacity forward path and a lower-capacity return path,
such as ISDN or modem. SkyStream’s solution also incorporates Virtual Private
Networking (VPN), which emulates point-to-point connectivity. For a secure
VPN, data is encrypted using a protocol called the Point-to-Point Tunneling
Protocol (PPTP), or IPSec.
NOTE Demand dialing is not supported when the LAN is the return channel.
To configure the SkyStream EMR for Turbo Internet/VPN, you must enter
connection information into the following tabs:
I PPTP
I IPSec
I Connection Method
I Demand Rules
I Advanced Options

Click the Manual connect now button at the bottom of the main Turbo
Internet/VPN configuration properties page to immediately try to make a
connection or click Connect on demand to initiate connection through
Demand Rules.
NOTE When PPTP is connected, IPSec is disconnected. Similarly, when
IPSec is connected, PPTP is disconnected.
Manual connect
The EMR will attempt to establish a PPTP or IPSec tunnel with the remote
server as soon as you click Manual Connect (or if the EMR is loaded with a
configuration file that was set for Manual Connect). If the connection attempt
fails, or the remote server is disconnected, EMR will repeatedly try to connect to
the server. You should use this mode should be used if you want the tunnel to
remain up continuously.
Connect on demand
The EMR will establish a connection with the PPTP server or IPSec gateway
only when “interesting” packets arrive. These are packets which match one of
the ACCEPT demand rules, as specified on the Configuration - Turbo Internet
page. If the connection is idle for the specified timeout, EMR will disconnect
from the tunnel server. This feature may be used in conjunction with PPP or
ISDN demand dialing to maintain a tunnel connection only as long as there is a
need.
In the demand case, you can install a route to act as a proxy while the tunnel is
disconnected. For PPTP, this proxy is the default route. For IPSec you can install
this proxy as a network route to the remote subnet.
NOTE If both Turbo Internet and PPP/ISDN are configured for demand
tunnels and demand dial, the idle timeouts are treated independently. If Turbo
Internet is configured for 90-second timeout, and the PPP is configured for a
120 second timeout, the modem will remain connected for 210 seconds after
the connection becomes idle. The tunnel will close after 90 seconds, and after
another 120 seconds of inactivity the modem will hang-up. If you change the
Demand Rules or timeout, you need to disconnect and reconnect PPP or
Turbo Internet.
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Advanced Button
Click the Advanced button to set logging options.
IPSec Logging Options

• IPSec/IKE Interaction
• Messages
• Control
• Crypto
• Raw Bytes
PPTP Logging Options
• General (Always enabled)
Select options and click View Log to check information.

PPTP
Click the PPTP tab and configure parameters, as required.

• Server IP Address: IP address of the Windows PPTP server or VPN
concentrator.
• Username: When authenticating against a Windows server, type your
Windows domain name followed by two back slashes ‘\\’ and your Windows
username, for example: domain\\username.
• Password: Type a password.
• Satellite MAC filtering: Toggle between: Tunnel Address (No encryption
over the air) or PPP Address (Encryption over the air). When a Turbo
Internet/VPN connection is made, EMR listens for satellite traffic for this
connection by adding a MAC Address entry into its MAC Address Selection
list. If the PPTP Server is configured to send encrypted traffic to EMR, you
should choose to listen for your PPP Address (Encryption over the air—over
the air means: comes from the IP encapsulator (SMR) via satellite. If the
PPTP Server is configured to send unencrypted traffic to EMR, you should
select Tunnel Address (No encryption over the air)—packets will be in the
clear.
• Click Apply button or click Cancel to remove the entry.
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IPSec
Click the IPSec tab and configure parameters, as required, then click Apply
button or click Cancel to remove the entry.
NOTE IPSec requires configuration to be exact. This may require debugging;
in which case, see Chapter 6, “Troubleshooting” for IPSec Debugging.

IPSec Configuration
• Remote Gateway IP Address: IP address of the remote gateway or VPN
concentrator.
• IPSec mode: Select from “Tunnel Mode” or “Transport Mode”
NOTE Tunnel Mode applies ESP encryption and authentication to the entire
Tunnel mode Enables AH or original IP packet (IP header and data), thus hiding the ultimate source and
ESP to process the network layer destination addresses. This is the default selection, and it is the most secure.
protocol —the main advantage is Transport Mode applies ESP encryption and authentication only to the
that the IP header can be fully
transport layer segment (data only) of the original IP packet. This mode
encrypted and authenticated. In
addition, it uses the IP address of
protects packet contents but not the ultimate source and destination
VPN initiator to hide the VPN addresses.
client's IP address. Tunnel mode settings
Transport mode Enables AH or • Remote Subnet (leave blank if not used): Remote subnet address
ESP to process transport layer
field and /or higher layers of the • Remote Subnet Mask (leave blank if not used): Remote subnet mask
datagrams. Most of the time address
compulsory Tunnels (EMR is the
terminating edge) can be • Local Subnet (leave blank if not used): Local subnet address
configured in tunnel mode and • Local Subnet Mask (leave blank if not used): Local subnet mask address
Voluntary Tunnels (client PC is
terminating edge) in transport IPSec is very selective about which IP traffic is actually encrypted/authenticated
mode. and sent through the tunnels. For traffic to be sent though an IPSec tunnel it
must have specific source and destination IP addresses. The tunnel mode
settings are used to configure these addresses.
• For IP packets sent from EMR to the remote gateway, the IP packet source
address must match the Local Subnet and Local Subnet Mask settings. The IP
packet destination address must match the Remote Subnet and Remote
Subnet Mask settings.
• For IP packets sent from the remote gateway to EMR, the IP packet source
address must match the Remote Subnet and Remote Subnet Mask settings.
The IP packet destination address must match the Local Subnet and Local
Subnet Mask settings. Otherwise, the packet will not travel through the IPSec
tunnel.
The end of an IPSec tunnel can terminate at an entire subnet or at the single IP
address of the IPSec gateway. This allows EMR to support four tunnel scenarios.
These scenarios describe which traffic is sent through the IPSec tunnels:
• LAN-to-LAN: Traffic from local subnet (attached to EMR) to remote subnet
(attached to remote gateway). Both the local subnet and remote subnet must
be entered.
• LAN-to-Gateway: Traffic from local subnet (attached to EMR) to the remote
gateway. Only the local subnet should be entered. The remote subnet should
be left blank.
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• Gateway-to-LAN: Traffic from EMR to the remote subnet (attached to

remote gateway). Only the remote subnet should be entered. The local subnet
should be left blank.
• Gateway-to-Gateway: Traffic from EMR to the remote gateway. Leave both
the local subnet and the remote subnet blank.
NOTE To use EMR in a classic VPN configuration, LAN-to-LAN mode should
be used.
Internet Key Exchange (IKE)
• Encryption Algorithm: Select from the following list: DES (56-bit), and
DES (Data Encryption Standard) 3DES (168-bit).
A National Institute of Standards
NOTE The EMR uses Triple-DES encryption as a default because it is the
and Technology (NIST) secret
most secure.
key cryptography method that
uses a 56-bit key. DES is based • Authentication Algorithm: Select from “HMAC-MD5 (128-bit)” or
on an IBM algorithm, which uses “HMAC-SHA1 (160-bit).”
the block cipher method that
breaks the text into 64-bit blocks NOTE MD5 uses a 128-bit hash and is fastest. SHA1 uses a 160-bit hash and
before encrypting them. is more secure but requires more processing overhead.
• Diffie-Hellman Group: Select from the following: Group 1 (768-bits),
Group 2 (1024-bits), and Group 3 (1536-bits).
NOTE The EMR uses Perfect Forward Secrecy (PFS) by default. PFS is a
cryptographic concept where each new key is unrelated to any previous key.
In IPSec negotiations, Phase 2 keys are based on Phase 1 keys unless
Perfect Forward Secrecy is specified. Perfect Forward Secrecy uses Diffie-
Hellman techniques to generate the keys. You must select one of the
following groups and make sure that PFS is enabled at both the EMR and
VPN side:
Group 1 (768-bits) Use PFS and Diffie-Hellman Group 1 to generate IPSec
session keys, where the prime and generator numbers are 768 bits. This
option requires the least processing overhead.
option is more secure than Group 1 but requires more processing overhead.
option is more secure than Group 2 but requires more processing overhead.
• Authentication Mode: Pre-shared key is the only choice in this release.

• Shared secret (PSK): Type prearranged phrase to use for authentication.
IPSec Security Associations (SA)
• Use Authentication Header (AH): Select check box.

NOTE Authentication Header (AH) and Encapsulating Security Protocol (ESP)

may be used separately or in combination. If you choose to use them
together, you may use separate authentication algorithms for each.
• Authentication Algorithm: Select from the following list: MD5 (128-bit) or

PSK (Pre-Shared Key) A SHA1 (160-bit).
prearranged passphrase that is
NOTE The EMR default is MD5/HMAC-128; that is, ESP using HMAC (Hashed
shared by two sides. PSK is an
Message Authentication Coding) with the MD5 hash function, which uses a
authentication method for IPSec.
128-bit key. SHA1/HMAC-160 is ESP using HMAC with the SHA-1 hash
AH (Authentication Header) A function, which uses a 160-bit key. This selection is more secure but requires
protocol used by IPSec. AH more processing overhead.
provides data integrity, origin
authentication, and replay
• Use Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP): Select check box
resistance. • Encryption Algorithm: Select from the following list: DES (56-bit), and
ESP (Encapsulating Security
3DES (168-bit).
Payload) A protocol used by • Authentication Algorithm: Select “MD5 (128-bit)” or “SHA1 (160-bit).”
IPSec, EPS provides data
confidentiality, integrity, origin • Replaces keys every: Keys replaced in increments of seconds and kilobytes
authentication, replay resistance, of data, whichever comes first.
and limited traffic flow
confidentiality.
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Connection Method
Click the Connection Method tab and configure parameters, as required.
• Connect using: Select from the following list: No tunneling protocol (NAT
only), Point-To-Point Tunneling Protocol, and IPSec.
No tunneling protocol (NAT only) connection
NOTE If configured as No Tunneling Protocol with NAT enabled, and a MAC

filtering entry is added, no connection is made to any tunneling server. This
mode should be used when the client machine itself is going to be a VPN
client; for example, a Windows Client PC connected to an EMR that
establishes a PPTP connection to a remote PPTP server. Note that, only one
PPTP client can be used per subnet in this case. IPSec clients usually cannot
be used, because NAT rewrites packet headers, which causes IPSec packet
integrity checking to fail.
IPSec connection

• Initiate connection: Click “Manual connect now” or “Connect on demand.”

Connect on demand—the Turbo Internet/VPN connection will be tried as
soon as the PPP or ISDN link is established. Demand dialing should normally
be configured to take full advantage of this mode. Manual connect now—the
Turbo Internet/VPN connection will be tried when the user clicks the
Connect button on the main Configuration - Turbo Internet/VPN page.
Example IPSec or PPTP:
If the destination IP address is 10.1.1.2 and MAC Prefix is set to 0000, the EMR
would listen for incoming packets with a MAC address of 00:00:0a:01:01:02.
Check your IP Encapsulator (SMR) settings to determine what this value should
be.
Example No Tunneling Protocol:
Use the following steps to enable NAT if you have a single modem:
1 Click Advanced Options and apply NAT by selecting an Ethernet. Click
Apply.
2 Click Connection Method and Connect using: No Tunneling Protocol.
Click Apply.
3 Go to the main Turbo Internet/VPN page and click Enable NAT button.
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Demand Rules
The demand rules for Turbo Internet/VPN are separate from PPP and ISDN to
allow you to customize different demand rules for tunneled and non-tunneled
traffic.
Click the Demand Rules tab to connect, view, edit, and delete rules. You can
create a new rule by clicking the Add New Rule button at the bottom of the

page. After you have configured the Demand Rule, click Apply button. The
Advanced button provides a way to “ignore” all packets received on a given
interface.
Advanced Button
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• Action: Select from list “accept,” or “ignore.” See Configuration PPP, Demand
IPv6-in-IPv4 A next-generation dialer rules.
Internet Protocol, known first as
• Protocol: Select from the following list: TCP, UDP, ICMP, IGMP, EGP, GRE,
under development by the IPv6-in-IPv4, ESP, AH, or any protocol.
Internet Engineering Task Force NOTE Only TCP and UDP may use port numbers.
replace the current Internet • Source IP Address: The source IP address of packets that matches this rule.
Protocol known as IPv4. • Netmask: The netmask associated with the source IP address that matches
this rule.
• Destination IP Address: The destination IP address that matches this rule.
• Netmask: The destination netmask that matches this rule.
• Source Port (0 for any): The source port number for packets that matches
this rule. Type zero ‘0’ if the port number doesn’t matter.
• Destination Port (0 for any): The destination port number for packets that
matches this rule. Type zero ‘0’ if the port number doesn’t matter.
If you click the Restore factory default rules button, you will delete all the
current rules and replace them with a factory default set of rules. These rules
should be sufficient for most users, and they can be modified as necessary.

Click Show debug log at the bottom of the Demand Rules page and the
Advanced Options
NAT should be enabled when client PCs, connected to EMR, are hidden behind
the IP address of an EMR; that is, in the case of Turbo Internet. NAT should be
disabled when setting up a VPN scenario. In this case, the IP addresses assigned
to client PCs connected to an EMR should be routeable from the other
segments of the VPN.
Click the Advanced Options tab and configure parameters, as required.

• NAT Applied To: Select Ethernet 1 and Ethernet 2, as required.
NOTE NAT should be disabled when IPSec is selected.
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• MAC Prefix for IP to MAC Conversion (IPCOPY): Default is “0000,” in

hexadecimal.
NOTE An IP address contains 32-bits, and a MAC address 48-bits. MAC
Prefix for IP MAC Conversion puts the hexadecimal entered (16-bits) in
front of the IP address.

Sync The Sync-In port option can receive streams of synchronous data from an SMR
and forward an MPEG-2 Transport Stream through a Sync card to a Sync
Receiver.
To configure the SkyStream EMR for Sync, enter the following information:
Sync Configuration
• PID: Enter the PID value and select Decimal or Hexadecimal by selecting the
radio buttons, and then type the PID number.
• Serial bit shift: Select the radio button first MSB or first LSB depending on
MSB (Most Significant Bit) The the respective SMR setting for Sync. See SMR User’s Guide, Chapter 5,
first bit in a bit field. “Configure Sync In Hardware Driver.”
LSB (Least Significant Bit) The Clock Setting
lowest-order bit.
You can specify the speed within the range of 1 to 8 Mbits/s in bps.
NOTE Depending on the sync card installed there may be an external clock to
set.
General Information
• Media Type: Displays the hardware interface.
• Protocol: Displays the data stream format used.
• Interface: Displays the status of the connection.
After configuration, click Apply button or click Cancel to remove the entry.
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Date and Time The Date and Time option allows you to configure the clock either from an
internal source or NTP Server.
To configure the SkyStream EMR for Date and Time, enter the following
NTP (Network Time Protocol) A information:
protocol used to synchronize the
clocks of two computers on the
Date and Time Configuration
network in a master/slave • Current Local Time: Nothing to enter—gives the time from the EMR
fashion.
internal clock or NTP Server.
• UTC Time: Nothing to enter—gives the Coordinated Universal Time based
on the internal clock setting and the local time zone.
• Set Local Time: Select the month and type in the day and year. Type in hours
and minutes; and select AM or PM.
• Time Zone: Select one of the POSIX standard time zones.
• NTP Time Server IP Address (optional): If you want to receive your time
from an external source, type the IP address of the NTP server.
• Synchronize clock to NTP server: Select the applicable radio button. The
choices are “Never” or “Every” (type in how often you want to set the time)
“minutes.”
After configuration, click Apply button or click Cancel to remove the entry.

E-Mail Notification E-Mail notifies up to three recipients information about the status of the EMR.
The contents of this information can be one or all of the following: PPP
Connection Information, Satellite Receiver Lock/Unlock Status, Frequency
Details, Symbol Rate, Viterbi Rate, Signal/Noise Ratio (Eb/N0), Viterbi Bit-
Error Rate, QPSK Bit-Error Rate, and Active PIDs. You can also select to
automatically send e-mail or send e-mail now.
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To configure the SkyStream EMR for e-mail, enter the following information:
E-Mail Notification Configuration
• SMTP Relay Server IP Address: Type the IP address for the standard
Internet e-mail protocol.
• Sender e-mail address: Type the sender's e-mail address. The default is
“emr5000@localhost.”
• Recipient E-mail Address (Up to three): Type the e-mail addresses that you
want to receive EMR status information.
• Subject Line: Type the subject of the e-mail. The default is “EMR E-mail
Notification.”
• Contents of E-mail Notification: Select the check boxes for contents of e-
mail notification. You can select from the following check boxes: PPP
Connection Information, Satellite Receiver Lock/Unlock Status, Frequency
Details, Symbol Rate, Viterbi Rate, Signal/Noise Ratio (Eb/N0), Viterbi Bit-
Error Rate, QPSK Bit-Error Rate, and Active PIDs.
• Automatically Send E-mail: Select the applicable radio button. The choices
are “Never” or “When PPP/ISDN Link is established.”
• Number of retries, in case first attempt fails: Type a value for the number
of times the EMR should try to send the e-mail notification.
• Delay between retries (seconds): Type a value for the number of seconds
between retries.
After configuration, click Apply button or click Cancel to remove the entry. If
you want to send the e-mail immediately then click Send e-mail now button.

Maintenance
The Maintenance pages allow you to access: Preferences, Software Upgrade,
Change Password, and Reboot.
Preferences The Maintenance Preferences page allows you to choose the units of measurement
for the symbol rate, and the PID unit you want to use. In addition, you can
disable Router Mode (Decrement TTL) if you do not want TTL to decrement
enable, and enable PID Rate Monitoring to see the Bit/rate in PID Selection.
You must select the applicable Ethernet port when enabling MAC Forwarding,
and by enabling the TCP Proxy, you can forward data from a client to a server
via TCP. If you have a low-bandwidth, you might want to enable Lightweight
web page graphics. Reboot and the home page will load easier.
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DNS Proxy
DNS (Domain Name System) DNS Proxy allows you to enable the EMR as a DNS proxy server, thereby
Name resolution software that updating configuration files based on DNS information obtained once the PPP
lets users locate computers on a
UNIX network or the Internet
connection is established. It is necessary to enter an IP address for the primary
(TCP/IP network) by domain DNS. Any address is acceptable initially; after which, the ISP will automatically
name. The DNS server maintains update the DNS entries. The secondary DNS server is a backup. If you disable
a database of domain names DNS Proxy then the DHCP configuration is updated with DNS ser ver
(host names) and their information obtained from the ISP.
corresponding IP addresses.
Security
The Security section allows you to enable or disable Telnet, HyperTerminal, and
the FTP server on port 21.
SMMP
SkyStream Multicast Management Protocol allows you to specify the control and
data addresses for your SMMP multicast protocol. All units must have the same
control and data multicast addresses to communicate. These values should
mirror E-Manager’s Advanced Preference. You must unlock the radio buttons to
edit the values.
NOTE When making changes, it is necessary to make the same changes on
the client E-Manager side.
PID
I Control PID: MPEG PID used for SMMP through IP.
I Data PID: MPEG PID used for SMMP through IP.
Port
I Control Port: SMMP control endpoint port number of EMR node in group.

I Data Port: EMR endpoint port number.

I Auto Discovery Port: SMMP port number used with a return channel for Auto
Discovery.
IP Address
I Control Multicast Address: SMMP multicast address for control.
I Data Multicast Address: SMMP multicast address for data.
By clicking the Advanced button, the Maintenance—Advanced Preferences page

appears, allowing the advanced user to Boost the polarization voltage by one volt
and set the FEC Mode to either Auto or Manual. You can also enable or disable
Verbose Ethernet Statistics, which provides extensive Ethernet statistics that can
be used in diagnosing network problems. These statistics are visible on the
Network Statistics page. Enabling Console Log View displays the log messages
on the page. Click Apply after each change. Click Clear to start a new syslogd
file.
NOTE Once the user has saved a configuration file, it is important to
designate a configuration file as the default. The configuration file designated
as “default” will be the one loaded upon reboot of the EMR.
Settings When configuring your EMR there are some settings that you will save and
remain in effect per session. You save these settings to a named configuration
file. However, some settings you will save per unit that remain current,
regardless of which configuration file is in effect, until you change them.
Settings in Effect per Session
I Tuner settings—frequencies, LNB details, FEC value
I Satellite—permanent MAC address, assigned MAC address
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I FKCAS info—PIDs, keys and parities

I PID info—list of active PIDs
I MACs info—MAC filtering information, promiscuous mode
I Enable/Disable
I IGMP settings
I SkyCastRules—default/normal rules and status (active/inactive)
I SkyNAT rules—rules and status (active/inactive)
I SkyNPT rules—rules and status (active/inactive)
I SYNC—configuration parameters
I ISDN—configuration parameters
I SMMP—lock status of all parameters
Settings in Effect per Unit
I EMR usernames and passwords
I SNMP configuration
I DHCP server configuration
I SSH and SSL keys
I Diagnostics output (if the user has run diagnostics)
I Upgrade key
I RIP enable/disable
I Telnet, http, and enable/disable
I Eth1/Eth2 setup
I DHCP enable/disable
I IP addresses, netmask, broadcast address
I Tuner setup—IP address, netmask, broadcast address
I Static routes
I Remote syslog status (enable/disable)
I Log level settings (info/warn/critical)
I Log batching interval
I Preferences
NOTE In addition, all items under Maintenance—Preferences except SMMP
settings and configuration details for the following: PPP, Turbo Internet /
VPN, TCP Acceleration setup including transparent proxy and enable/
disable.

Configuration File You can store and recall many different configurations from this page.
After you configure and set the SkyStream EMR, go to this page and type a
name for this current session into the Save current config as box. Enter a
description for this configuration, select the Default check box, if required, then
click the Save button.
NOTE Values for advanced options IMPORTANT The Restore Factory Default button is handy when you want
in TCP Acceleration, Turbo Internet, to start a fresh. However, this clears all information, including the current
PPP, and ISDN apply to all upgrade key. This means that the EMR will go back to Basic Mode. You must
configuration files per EMR and
reenter the upgrade key if you have one for Enhanced Mode.
cannot be saved in a configuration
file. To delete a session, click the Delete link next to the session name that you want
to remove. To load a specific session, click the Load link next to the session
name that you want to load into the system. The (Loaded) notation appears
next to the configuration session that was last loaded.
The last column on the page allows you to choose your default configuration.
However, there is a “Default” that is not listed as a file that the EMR goes to if
no sessions are stored.
The EMR configuration does not persist until you save it. If you do not save and
power down the unit, your change will be lost.
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Export/Import You have the option of either using the internal FTP server that resides in the
Configuration File Using EMR or using a remote FTP server.
FTP Export Configuration file using FTP
NOTE It is possible to export and 1 Type the Remote FTP Host IP address where you want to export the
import up to five session files all of configuration file to.
which can be saved into one
configuration file called 2 Type the Directory where the file is to be sent.
“emr5000.cfg.” 3 Type a valid User Name and Password to access the FTP host.

4 Type remote destination filename (*.cfg).

5 Select file to export from the check boxes available.
6 Click Export Now.
Import Configuration file using FTP
1 Type the Remote FTP Host IP address where you want to import the
configuration file from.
2 Type the Directory where the file is located.
3 Type a valid User Name and Password to access the FTP host.
4 Click Import Now.
Using internal FTP to By using a laptop or other workstation connected to the network, you can FTP
copy cfg file to another to the EMR through the Command Prompt. You can also copy to a floppy and
EMR transfer the file that way.
1 Click the Windows Start button.
2 Click Run.
3 In the Open box, type: cmd
4 Click OK.
5 If required, at the command prompt change the drive and directory where you
want to save the configuration file. This is because the ftp “get” command
will be saved to the local directory.
At the prompt type: ftp xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx
(“ftp” and the “IP Address” of the EMR you are connecting to)
6 Type at User <xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:<none>>: emradmin
or emruser and press Enter.
7 Type at Password: <your password>
8 Type at ftp> ls
This will give you a list of contents. You should see the file emr5000.cfg.
9 Type at ftp> get emr5000.cfg and press Enter.
This will put a copy of the file into the local directory.
10 Type at ftp> bye. This will log you out.
11 Take your laptop or floppy and access the network that contains the EMR to
which you want to copy the configuration file.
12 Follow steps 1 to 7.
13 Type at ftp> put emr5000.cfg and press Enter.
This will put a copy of the file into the EMR’s home directory.
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Software Upgrade Occasionally, SkyStream Networks will have available new software to upgrade
the Sk yStream EMR. The software upg rade works as follows: Place the
SkyStream-supplied image file on an FTP server accessible to the EMR then you
can configure the EMR to go out and download the image file.
The following steps walk you through downloading and upgrading this software:

How to download a software upgrade

1 Type the Remote FTP Host IP address where the software upgrade is
located.
2 Type the Directory where the image file is located.
3 Type a valid User Name and Password to access the FTP host.
4 Click the Go button. A new window will appear allowing you to select the
version of software you wish to replace.
The amount of time it takes to complete the download process is determined by
network traffic. The system will automatically bring up an information box
showing the current versions of the software currently installed on the system
including the new version.
5 Reboot the EMR to begin using the new software upgrade.
NOTE If an upgrade error or problem with the new download occurs, the EMR
is able to automatically fall back to the last successful working version.
Boot Selection
If boot selection is set to “Auto” mode, the boot loader will load the kernel that
is most up-to-date. If set to “Manual” mode, the user must select a kernel that is
currently available. This will be loaded the next time you boot the EMR. The
onboard flash has enough memory for two kernels: A Factory version on the
flash, which is the software load shipped with the unit, and two user versions.
The factory version cannot be deleted.
Choose a software kernel from the list box and click Apply to set the changes.
Feature Upgrade
The Feature Upgrade is used for applying additional pay features to the
SkyStream EMR. To activate the Feature Upgrades, SkyStream will give you an
upgrade key with your purchase. The upgrade key is entered into the Key field;
all you have to do is click the Apply button to enable the additional features.
NOTE When upgrading your EMR to enhance its capabilities, you will receive
an Upgrade Key string. The Basic software package provides support for up
t o 2 8 M s y m b o l s , 3 2 P I D s , a n d 1 6 M A C A d d r e s s e s p e r r e c e i v e r. T h e
Enhanced software package provides support for up to 45 Msymbols, 64
PIDs, and 32 MAC Addresses per receiver.
TCP Acceleration
During a software upgrade, it is important to disable TCP Acceleration. After
completing the upgrade, select the Enable radio button and click the Apply
button.
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Change Password Depending on your password and security privileges, either emradmin or
emruser, you can change the password.
After you have logged on for the first time, as outlined in Chapter 3, “System
Logon,” a good practice is to change the password. However, make sure that you
keep a copy of the password in a safe place. If you forget or lose your password,
see Chapter 6, “Troubleshooting—Password Recovery.”
After typing in the old password and entering the new password twice, click the
Change button.

System Reboot Occasionally, you will need to restart or reboot the SkyStream EMR after
software upgrades or after changing the network settings.
To reboot the system, click the Reboot Now button. The EMR will reboot and
start back up with the new configuration changes. Check the LED indicator
lights on the front panel to see whether the EMR is functioning properly.
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Diagnostics
The Diagnostics pages allow you to run and view System Diagnostics and Log
File Content, as well as network utilities such as Ping and Netstat.
Ping The Ping utility is used to test communications and view packet loss through
networks. Using the Ping utility with the Sk yStream EMR, you can test
connectivity to a remote system by sending ICMP Ping packets and waiting for a
response.
On the Network Utility Ping page, you are able to configure the ping functions
by filling in the following fields:
• Enter option(s) for ping: allows you to configure specific options to add to
the ping utility. (optional)
• IP Address: Where you want the ping to test connectivity.
• Packet Size: Enter the size of the packet you wish to transmit.
• Number of packets to send: Enter the number of packets the system will
send.
Once all the settings are ready, click the Apply button to run the ping utility.
Wait a few seconds and a report will display on the success of the ping.

For additional information on the options field, click the More Info button and
a window will appear with additional information.
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Netstat The Netstat utility is used to display infor mation the Linux networking
subsystem. It is capable of showing information on the network connections,
routing tables, interface statistics, netlink messages, and multicast memberships,
depending on the options you enter.
To configure the Netstat utility, enter the Netstat options. To run the utility,
click the Apply button.
For more information on the Netstat options, click the More Info button and a
window will appear with additional information.

System Check The System Check page checks the integrity of the EMR and generates a Log
File that you can send to SkyStream Networks for assistance to evaluate and help
solve problems that might occur. The current Log File is saved and will be
named SkyDiag.txt. When you click the Run Tests button, the diagnostic
program runs and places the new diagnostics information in the SkyDiag.txt file.
The following steps walk you through uploading the system check to another PC
or to SkyStream for further assistance.
1 Click the Run Tests button.
2 Click the View button to see the results of the test.
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3 Enter the Remote FTP Host IP address

4 Enter the Path (directory) where the file should be saved.
5 Enter the Username and Password for the FTP Host or PC workstation
where you are saving the file.
6 To upload the SkyDiag.txt file, click the Upload button.
The Upload Log File button accesses the current SkyDiag.txt and displays an
FTP transfer window. Select the directory and enter the appropriate user name
and password to transfer the file to this directory for later review. This will help
with troubleshooting any problems that may arise.

Log Information The Log File Information page shows you the current Log File information and
how to access and run the Log File for use in troubleshooting system problems.
The log information is written to the flash memory—the EMR can save up to
256 kilobytes of log information.
To configure the Log File utility, enter the Log file options.
Current Log File Name: i.e. SkyLog.txt
Batching Interval: Type the number of seconds between Log File updates. The
default for this setting is “0.”
Log Info Level Check boxes: This option sets the level of information that
will be saved in the Log File. The available options are Information, Warning,
a nd Fa t al . T he de fa ul t l e ve l i s se t t o Fa ta l, whi ch gives you t he be st
performance.
• Information: logs all events into the system
• Warning: logs details regarding possible problems and errors.
• Fatal: logs only details on major errors or system problems.
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• Click the Apply button to set the new configuration.

To reset the Log File configuration page, click the Cancel button. Click the
View button to see the current Log File in a new page, or click Clear Log to
remove log entries.
Remote FTP Host
1 Type the Remote FTP Host IP address
2 Type the Path (directory) where the file should be saved.
3 Type the Username, and Password for the FTP Host or PC workstation
where you are saving the file.
4 Click the Upload button to load the settings.
Remote SysLogd
You can save the Log File of a remote system by selecting the Enable radio
button and typing in the remote IP address at SysLogd IP Access.
To view the Log File at any time, click the View button. A new page will appear
with the log file information.
NOTE If the setup is such that a large number of events are routinely
generated, SkyStream recommends that the Log File be changed to Warning
or Informational and that the Batching file be changed to a high enough value
so that the system is not slowed by constant updates to the Log File.
The default setting for the Log Info Level is chosen and designed to allow the
EMR to operate a maximum efficiency. By just logging the fatal errors, fewer
resources are being allocated to logging extra information to the flash memory.
The flash memory allocated for the log file information has a maximum size of
256K divided into two equal blocks of 128K each. When the memory on both
blocks is filled, the system erases the first block and begins writing again. This
will cause the system to remove the oldest log entries.

Software The Software Information Diagnostics page displays Current Software Version,
Current Driver Version, Current Boot Version, Software Build Date, and
Information Software Package (Basic or Performance) information.
Hardware The Hardware Information page displays the current Mainboard Version, Total
SDRAM, System Firmware Version, Tuner Firmware Version, System Uptime
Information and Mainboard Temperature.
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Chapter 6: Troubleshooting
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Troubleshooting
This chapter provides detailed information and procedures for isolating receiver
malfunctions in a logical manner.
LED Display Troubleshooting the SkyStream EMR is accomplished easily and quickly by
viewing the LED status lights on the front of the EMR. The current status of
the EMR is found by reading the LED display. The table below describes the
function of each indicator.
LED Display Properties Table
LEDs Description
Link Data
TS3 On/Off On/Off Transport Stream indicator LEDs. If the Link LED is on, there is a lock.
TS2 If the Data LED is on, data is being received. The EMR is able to handle
TS1 up to 3 transport streams (currently supports 2 streams).
Active Config
EXP2 On/Off On/Off Expansion slot indicator LEDs. This feature is to be used with a future
EXP1 upgrade option.
Link/
100TX
Active
LAN2 On/Off On/Off Network Connection indicator LEDs.
LAN1 If the Link/Active indicator is on, the corresponding Ethernet interface
is connected and has link with the remote side. This indicator flashes when
there is network traffic. The 100TX indicator will be on if the link
connection is at 100 Mbps, and will stay off if the rate is at 10 Mbps.
Power On/Off The power LED indicates that the system is plugged in and turned on.
Minor On/Off The Minor Alarm indicator shows if the EMR has found a non-fatal error.
Alarm (not available)
Major On/Off The Major Alarm indicator shows if the EMR has encountered a major or
Error fatal error. During loading the kernel will be turned on, and after a
successful load, it will turn off.
206 Troubleshooting
Error and Event The EMR has error/event logging capabilities. The Log File can then be
accessed and printed out in order to troubleshoot system problems and/or send
Logging the Log File to SkyStream Networks for further assistance. Contact SkyStream
Networks Customer Service with any questions or concerns.
Errors and events are reported and logged using the following mechanisms:
• Through SNMP, as traps, the EMR will support up to four trap destination IP
addresses. The responsibility of the SNMP manager is to receive the traps and
save them in the Log File.
• Using a standard Unix Syslog system, the EMR is configured to send log
entries to a standard syslog daemon.
• Errors and events are logged and saved to the Log File.
NOTE Refer to the Log Information section in the Diagnostics chapter for
more information on how to access this function.
The following types of errors are logged to the Log File in order to aid in
troubleshooting:
• The satellite receiver subsystem lost its signal lock
• A new route was learned
• A new data PID has been detected
These events can be separated into the following parts:
• A timestamp of when the event occurred
• The subsystem generating the event
• Level of severity for the event
• Description of the event
• ID number for the event
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IPSec Debugging IPSec negotiation occurs in two phases: Internet Key Exchange (IKE) is used to
create an Security Association (SA), followed by an IPSec Security Association
(SA). Both phases must succeed before any data can traverse the connection.
Due to the complexity of configuring IPSec, it may be necessary to debug
parameters. To access the IPSec debug log, from the Configuration-Turbo
Internet/VPN page, click the Advanced button, select logging preferences, and
click View Log; the bottom of the log will give debugging information.
IPSec Debug Log messages:

1 “initiating Main Mode”
If the connection is stuck here, it is likely that, either the packets cannot get to
the remote gateway, or the remote gateway IKE (Phase 1) parameters do not
match those on the EMR.
2 “informational payload, type NO_PROPOSAL_CHOSEN”
This message means that the IKE or IPSec parameters are not matched
between the EMR and the remote gateway. Check the settings for both IKE
and IPSec SAs and make sure they agree with the remote gateway.
3 “informational payload, type IPSEC_RESPONDER_LIFETIME”
EMR supports a re keying interval between 60 and 86400 seconds (one day).
This message means that the remote gateway is configured to use a re keying
interval that is outside the boundaries of what EMR supports. Change the re
208 Troubleshooting
key interval on the remote gateway to be less that or equal to the interval set
on the EMR.
4 “we require PFS but Quick I1 SA specifies no GROUP_DESCRIPTION”
EMR uses Perfect Forward Secrecy by default. This message means that the
remote gateway is not correctly configured for PFS on the IPSec (not IKE)
Phase 2 negotiations. Enable PFS Diffie Hellman Group 1, 2, or 5 on the
remote gateway.
5 “informational payload, type INVALID_ID_INFORMATION”
This message means that the local subnet, local subnet mask, remote subnet,
or remote subnet mask do not agree with the remote gateway configuration.
Remember that EMR’s local subnet is the remote gateway’s remote subnet and
vice versa.
6 “informational payload, type INVALID_COOKIE”
This usually means the other side has rejected our connection attempt
immediately. Check that the remote gateway is accepting requests from
EMR's IP Address.
Password In the event that you forget your password or user identity, the following
procedure will enable you to create a new one. Password recovery in itself is not
Recovery possible; however, you can bypass the system in an emergency. SkyStream will
Procedure give you a special key, so that when you boot the EMR, you will have sixty
seconds to type in the key; the system will erase the password. To gain access to
your EMR, you will be able to enter the default user identity and password.
If you do not have the special key, contact SkyStream Customer Support.
Password Recovery
The following steps take you through the process:
1 Connect to the EMR through a PC connected to the serial port.
2 Run HyperTerminal from Windows Accessories:
I Click the Windows Start button
I Choose Programs > Accessories > Hyperterminal
I Click Hyper Terminal icon
3 From CLI or the Web GUI reboot the EMR.
4 In HyperTerminal, at the prompt type: resetpw
5 You have sixty seconds to type the special key (provided by SkyStream
Customer Support for each unit)
Upon entering this key, the old password will be erased and the EMR will
reboot. You can now gain access to the EMR through CLI or the Web GUI by
using the default user identity and password (see Chapter 3, “System Logon”).
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Software Upgrade When performing a software upgrade, a message may appear in the Web GUI
stating that the kernel is too large. If this happens, make sure that you have
disabled TCP Acceleration. Go to the Maintenance—Software Upgrade page
and Disable TCP Acceleration. You can re-Enable TCP Acceleration after the
upgrade.
210 Troubleshooting
Appendix A: Command Definitions
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ping
The following information can be found in the “UNIX System Manager's

Manual”
NAME
ping - send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to network hosts
SYNOPSIS
ping [-dfnqrvR] [-c count] [-i wait] [-p pattern] [-s packetsize]
DESCRIPTION
Ping uses the ICMP protocol's mandatory ECHO_REQUEST datagram to elicit
an ICMP ECHO_RESPONSE from a host or gateway.
ECHO_REQUEST datagrams (”pings”) have an IP and ICMP header,
followed by a struct timeval and then an arbitrary number of pad bytes used to
fill out the packet.
The options are as follows:
-c count: Stop after sending (and receiving) count ECHO_RESPONSE packets.
-d: Set the SO_DEBUG option on the socket being used.
-i wait: Wait seconds between sending each packet. The default is to wait for
one second between each packet.
-n: Numeric output only. No attempt will be made to lookup symbolic names for
host addresses.
-p pattern: You may specify up to 16 pad bytes to fill out the packet you send.
This is useful for diagnosing data-dependent problems in a network. For
example, -p ff will cause the sent packet to be filled with all ones.
-q: Quiet output. Nothing is displayed except the summary lines at startup time
and when finished.
-R: Record route. Includes the RECORD_ROUTE option in the
ECHO_REQUEST packet and displays the route buffer on returned packets.
Note that the IP header is only large enough for nine such routes. Many hosts
ignore or discard this option.
-r: Bypass the normal routing tables and send directly to a host on an
attached network. If the host is not on a directly-attached network, an error is
returned. This option can be used to ping a local host through an interface
that has no route through it (e.g., after the interface was dropped by routed(8)).
-s packetsize: Specifies the number of data bytes to be sent. The default is 56,
which translates into 64 ICMP data bytes when combined with the 8 bytes of
ICMP header data.
206 Command Definitions

-v: Verbose output. ICMP packets other than ECHO_RESPONSE that are
received are listed. When using ping for fault isolation, it should first be run on
the local host, to verify that the local network interface is up and running. Then,
hosts and gateways further and further away should be pinged. Round-trip times
and packet loss statistics are computed. If duplicate packets are received, they
are not included in the packet loss calculation, although the round trip time of
these packets is used in calculating the minimum/average/maximum round-trip
time numbers. When the specified number of packets have been sent (and
received) or if the program is terminated with a SIGINT, a brief summary is
displayed.
If ping does not receive any reply packets at all it will exit with code 1. On error
it exits with code 2. Otherwise it exits with code 0. This makes it possible to use
the exit code to see if a host is alive or not.
This prog ram is intended for use in network testing, measurement, and
management. Because of the load it can impose on the network, it is unwise to
use ping during normal operations or from automated scripts.
ICMP PACKET DETAILS
An IP header without options is 20 bytes.
An ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packet contains an additional 8 bytes worth of
ICMP header followed by an arbitrary amount of data. When a packetsize is
given, this indicated the size of this extra piece of data (the default is 56). Thus
the amount of data received inside of an IP packet of type ICMP
ECHO_REPLY will always be 8 bytes more than the requested data space (the
ICMP header). If the data space is at least eight bytes large, ping uses the first
eight bytes of this space to include a timestamp which it uses in the computation
of round trip times. If less than eight bytes of pad are specified, no round trip
times are given.
DUPLICATE AND DAMAGED PACKETS
Ping will report duplicate and damaged packets. Duplicate packets should never
occur and seem to be caused by inappropriate link-level retransmissions.
Duplicates may occur in many situations and are rarely (if ever) a good sign,
although the presence of low levels of duplicates may not always be cause for
alarm.
Damaged packets are obviously serious cause for alarm and often indicate
broken hardware somewhere in the ping packet's path (in the network or in the
hosts).
TRYING DIFFERENT DATA PATTERNS
The (inter)network layer should never treat packets differently depending on the
data contained in the data portion. Unfortunately, data-dependent problems
have been known to sneak into networks and remain undetected for long periods
of time. In many cases the particular pattern that will have problems is
something that doesn't have sufficient transitions, such as all ones or all zeros, or
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a pattern right at the edge, such as almost all zeros. It isn't necessarily enough to
specify a data pattern of all zeros (for example) on the command line because
the pattern that is of interest is at the data link level, and the relationship
between what you type and what the controllers transmit can be complicated.
This means that if you have a data-dependent problem you will probably have to
do a lot of testing to find it. If you are lucky, you may manage to find a file that
either can't be sent across your network or that takes much longer to transfer
than other similar length files. You can then examine this file for repeated
patterns that you can test using the -p option of ping.
TTL DETAILS
The TTL value of an IP packet represents the maximum number of IP routers
that the packet can go through before being thrown away. In current practice
you can expect each router in the Internet to decrement the TTL field by exactly
one.
The TCP/IP specification states that the TTL field for TCP packets should be
set to 60, but many systems use smaller values (4.3 BSD uses 30, 4.2 used 15).
The maximum possible value of this field is 255, and most Unix systems set the
TTL field of ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to 255. This is why you will find
you can ping some hosts, but not reach them with telnet(1) or ftp(1).
In normal operation ping prints the TTL value from the packet it receives. When
a remote system receives a ping packet, it can do one of three things with the
TTL field in its response:
Not change it; this is what Berkeley Unix systems did before the 4.3BSD-Tahoe
release. In this case the TTL value in the received packet will be 255 minus the
number of routers in the round-trip path.
Set it to 255; this is what current Berkeley Unix systems to. In this case the TTL
value in the received packet will be 255 minus the number of routers in the path
from the remote system to the pinging host.
Set it to some other value. Some machines use the same value for ICMP packets
that they use for TCP packets, for example either 30 or 60. Others may use
completely wild values.
BUGS
Many Hosts and Gateways ignore the RECORD_ROUTE option. The maximum
IP header length is too small for options like RECORD_ROUTE to be
completely useful. There's not much that can be done about this, however.
Flood pinging is not recommended in general, and flood pinging the broad cast
address should only be done under very controlled conditions.
HISTORY
The ping command appeared in 4.3BSD.

route
The following information can be found in the ‘Linux Programmer's Manual’

NAME
route - show / manipulate the IP routing table
SYNOPSIS
route [-CFvnee]
route [-v][-A family]add [-net|-host]target [netmask Nm][gw Gw] [metric
N][mss M][window W] [irttI][reject][mod][dyn][reinstate][[dev]If]
route [-v][-A family] del [-net|-host]target[gw Gw][netmask Nm] [metric
N][[dev]If]
route [-V][--version][-h][--help]
DESCRIPTION
Route manipulates the kernel's IP routing table. Its primary use is to set up
static routes to specific hosts or networks via an interface after it has been
configured with the ifconfig(8) program.
OPTIONS
-v: Select verbose operation.
-A family: Use the specified address family (e.g. inet, inet6).
-n: Show numerical addresses instead of trying to determine symbolic host
names. This is useful if you are trying to determine why the route to your
nameserver has vanished.
-e: Use netstat(8)-format for displaying the routing table. -ee will generate a very
long line with all parameters from the routing table.
-net: The target is a network
-host: The target is a host
-F: Displays the kernel FIB routing table. The layout can be changed with -e and
-ee
-C: Displays the kernel's route cache
del: Deletes a route
add: Adds a route
target: The destination network or host. You can provide IP addresses in dotted
decimal or host/network names.
netmask Nm: Modifier specifies the netmask of the route to be added.
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gw Gw: Any IP packets for the target network/host will be routed through the
specified gateway.
NOTE: The specified gateway must be reachable first. This usually means
that you have to set up a static route to the gateway beforehand. If you spec-
ify the address of one of your local interfaces, it will be used to decide about
the interface to which the packets should be routed to. This is a BSDism com-
patibility hack.
metric M: Set the metric field in the routing table (used by routing daemons) to
M.
mss M: Set the TCP Maximum Segment Size (MSS) for connections over this
route to M bytes. This is normally used only for fine optimization of routing
setups. The default is 536.
window W: Set the TCP window size for connections over this route to W
bytes. This is typically only used on AX.25 networks and with drivers unable to
handle back to back frames.
irtt I: Set the initial round trip time (irtt) for TCP connections over this route to
I milliseconds (1-12000). This is typically only used on AX.25 networks. If
omitted the RFC 1122 default of 300ms is used.
reject: Install a blocking route, which will force a route lookup to fail. This is
for example used to mask out networks before using the default route. This is
NOT for fire-walling.
mod, dyn, reinstate: Install a dynamic or modified route. Both flags are
generally only set by a routing daemon.This is only for diagnostic purpose.
dev If: Forces the route to be associated with the specified device, as the kernel
will otherwise try to determine the device on its own (by checking already
existing routes and device specifications, and where the route is added to). In
most normal networks you won't need this.
If dev: If is the last option on the command line, the word dev may be omitted,
as it's the default. Otherwise the order of the route modifiers (metric - netmask -
gw - dev) doesn't matter.
EXAMPLES
route add -net 127.0.0.0: Adds the normal loopback entry, using netmask
255.0.0.0 (class A net, determined from the destination address) and associated
with the “lo” device (assuming this device was previously setup correctly with
ifconfig(8)).
route add -net 192.56.76.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 dev eth0: Adds a route to
the network 192.56.76.x via “eth0”. The Class C netmask modifier is not really
necessary here because 192.* is a Class C IP address. The word “dev” can be
omitted here.
route add default gw mango-gw: Adds a default route (which will be used if
no other route matches). All packets using this route will be gatewayed through
“mango-gw”. The device which will actually be used for that route depends on

how we can reach “mango-gw” - the static route to “mango-gw” will have to be
set up before.
route add ipx4 sl0: Adds the route to the “ipx4” host via the SLIP interface
(assuming that “ipx4” is the SLIP host).
route add -net 192.57.66.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw ipx4: This command
adds the net “192.57.66.x” to be gatewayed through the former route to the
SLIP interface.
route add 224.0.0.0 netmask 240.0.0.0 dev eth0: This is an obscure one
documented so people know how to do it. This sets all of the class D (multicast)
IP routes to go via “eth0.” This is the correct normal configuration line with a
multicasting kernel.
route add 10.0.0.0 netmask 255.0.0.0 reject: This installs a rejecting route for
the private network “10.x.x.x.”
OUTPUT
The output of the kernel routing table is organized in the following columns:
Destination: The destination network or destination host.
Gateway: The gateway address or ‘*’ if none set.
Genmask: The netmask for the destination net; ‘255.255.255.255’ for a host
destination and ‘0.0.0.0’ for the default route.
Possible flags are:
U (route is up)
H (target is a host)
G (use gateway)
R (reinstate route for dynamic routing)
D (dynamically installed by daemon or redirect)
M (modified from routing daemon or redirect)
! (reject route)
Metric: The ‘distance’ to the target (usually counted in hops). It is not used by
recent kernels, but may be needed by routing daemons.
Ref Number of references to this route. (Not used in the Linux Kernel.)
Use: Count of lookups for the route. Depending on the use of -F and -C this
will be either route cache misses (-F) or hits (-C).
Iface: Interface to which packets for this route will be sent.
MSS: Default maximum segment size for TCP connections over this route.
Window Default: window size for TCP connections over this route.
irtt: Initial RTT (Round Trip Time). The kernel uses this to guess about the best
TCP protocol parameters without waiting on (possible slow) answers.
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HH (cached only): The number of ARP entries and cached routes that refer to
the hardware header cache for the cached route. This will be -1 if a hardware
address is not needed for the interface of the cached route (e.g. lo).
Arp (cached only): Whether or not the hardware address for the cached route
is up to date.
AUTHOR
Currently maintained by Phil Blundell [Philip.Blundell@pobox.com].

netstat
NAME
netstat - Display network connections, routing tables, interface statistics,
masquerade connections, netlink messages, and multicast memberships
SYNOPSIS
netstat [-venaocs] [--tcp|-t] [--udp|-u] [--raw|-w] [--groups|-g] [--unix|-x] [--
inet|--ip] [--ax25] [--ipx] [--netrom] netstat [-venc] [--inet] [--ipx] [--netrom] [--
ddp] [--ax25] {--route|-r} netstat [-venpac] {--interfaces|-i} [iface] netstat [-
enc] {--masquerade|-M} netstat [-cn] {--netlink|-L} netstat {-V|--version} {-
h|--help} :
DESCRIPTION
Netstat displays information of the Linux networking subsystem. (no option)
You can view the status of network connections by listing the open sockets. This
is the default operation: If you don't specify any address families, then the active
sockets of all configured address families will be printed. The address family inet
will display raw, udp and tcp sockets.
-a, --all The -a, --all option will print information about all sockets, including
the listening server sockets.
-l, --listening The -l, --listening option will print information about listening
server sockets only.
-e, --extend The -e, --extend option prints some additional information : (e.g.
user id and inode of the connection).
-p, --programs The -p, --programs option displays additional information about
the program that is using the socket (e.g. process id and the name of the
program).
-v, --verbose The -v, --verbose switch makes netstat complain about known
address families which are not supported by the kernel.
-r, --route With the -r, --route option, you get the kernel routing tables in the
same format as route -e use. netstat -er will use the output format of route.
Please see route(8) for details.
-g, --groups With the -g, --groups option, IGMP multicast group membership
information for IPv4 and IPv6 is displayed.
-i, --interface iface If you use the -i, --interfaces option, a table of all (or the
specified iface) networking interfaces will be printed. The output uses the
ifconfig -e format, and is described in ifconfig(8). netstat -ei will print a table or
a single interface entry just like ifconfig does. With the -a switch, you can include
interfaces which are not configured (i.e. don't have the U=UP flag set).
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-M, --masquerade A list of all masqueraded sessions can be viewed, too. With
the -e switch you can include some more infor mations about sequenze
numbering and deltas, caused by data rewrites on FTP sessions (PORT
command). Masquerade support is used to hide hosts with unofficial network
addresses from the outside world, as described in ipfw(4),ipfwadm(8) and
ipfw(8).
-L, --netlink Recent kernels have a kernel/user communication support called
netlink. You can get messages about creation or deletion of interfaces or routes
from /dev/route (36,0).
OPTIONS
-v, --verbose Tell the user what is going on by being verbose. Especially print
some useful informations about unconfigured address families.
-n, --numeric Shows numerical addresses instead of trying to determine
symbolic host, port or user names.
-p, --programs Displays process name and PID of the owner of each socket it
dumps. You have to be the owner of such process to have all it's sockets matched
to it or generally root user will see all the necessary information in place.
-A, --af family Use a different method to set the address families. family is a
comma (',') separated list of address family keywords like inet, unix, ipx, ax25,
netrom and ddp. This is has the same effect as using the long options --inet, --
unix, --ipx, --ax25, --netrom and --ddp. -c, --continous : This will cause netstat to
print the selected table every second continuously on the screen until you
interrupt it.
OUTPUT
Active Internet connections (TCP, UDP, RAW)
Proto The protocol (tcp, udp, raw) used by the socket.
Recv-Q The count of bytes not copied by the user program connected to this
socket.
Send-Q The count of bytes not acknowledged by the remote host.
Local Address The local address (local hostname) and port number of the
socket. Unless the -n switch is given, the socket address is resolved to its
canonical hostname, and the port number is translated into the corresponding
service name.
Foreign Address The remote address (remote hostname) and port number of
the socket. As with the local address:port, the -n switch turns off hostname and
service name resolution.
State The state of the socket. Since there are no states in RAW and usually no
states used in UDP, this row may be left blank. Normally this can be one of
several values:
ESTABLISHED The socket has an established connection.

SYN_SENT The socket is actively attempting to establish a connection.

SYN_RECV A connection request has been received from the network.
FIN_WAIT1 The socket is closed, and the connection is shutting down.
FIN_WAIT2 Connection is closed, and the socket is waiting for a shutdown
from the remote end.
TIME_WAIT The socket is waiting after close to handle packets still in the
network.
CLOSED The socket is not being used.
CLOSE_WAIT The remote end has shut down, waiting for the socket to close.
LAST_ACK The remote end shut down, and the socket is closed. Waiting for
acknowledgement.
LISTEN The socket is listening for incoming connections. Those sockets are
only displayed if the -a,--listening switch is set.
CLOSING Both sockets are shut down but we still don't have all our data sent.
UNKNOWN The state of the socket is unknown.
User The name or the UID of the owner of the socket.
PID/Program name Slash-separated pair of the PID and process name of the
program holding this socket. Option -p enables display of this column. You will
also need root privileges as you have to have access rights to process to be able
to see the program's sockets matched up to it. This identification information is
not yet available for IPX sockets.
Timer (this needs to be written)
Active UNIX domain Sockets Proto The protocol (usually unix) used by the
socket.
RefCnt The reference count (i.e. attached processes via this socket).
F l a g s T h e f l a g s d i s p l a y e d i s S O _ AC C E P T O N ( d i s p l a y e d a s AC C ) ,
SO_WAITDATA (W) or SO_NOSPACE (N). SO_ACCECPTON is used on
unconnected sockets if their corresponding processes are waiting for a connect
request. The other flags are not of normal interest.
Type There are several types of socket access:
SOCK_DGRAM The socket is used in Datagram (connectionless) mode.
SOCK_STREAM This is a stream (connection) socket.
SOCK_RAW The socket is used as a raw socket.
SOCK_RDM This one serves reliably-delivered messages.
SOCK_SEQPACKET This is a sequential packet socket.
SOCK_PACKET RAW Interface access socket.
UNKNOWN Who ever knows, what the future will bring us - just fill in here :-)
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State This field will contain one of the following Keywords:

FREE The socket is not allocated
LISTENING The socket is listening for a connection request. Those sockets
are only displayed if the -a,--listening switch is set.
CONNECTING The socket is about to establish a connection.
CONNECTED The socket is connected.
DISCONNECTING The socket is disconnecting. (empty) The socket is not
connected to another one.
UNKNOWN This state should never happen.
PID/Program name PID and process name of the program holding this
socket. More info available in Active Internet connections section written above.
Path This displays the path name as which the corresponding processes attached
to the socket.
Active IPX sockets (this needs to be done by somebody who knows it)
Active NET/ROM sockets (this needs to be done by somebody who knows it)
Active AX.25 sockets (this needs to be done by somebody who knows it)
NOTE Since kernel release 2.2 netstat -i does not display interface statistics
for alias interfaces anymore. To get per alias interface counters you need to
setup explicit rules using the ipchains(8) command.
FILES /etc/services -- The services translation file /proc/net/dev -- devices
information.

Appendix B: TCP Acceleration

Working with Applications
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Working with Applications
This appendix contains the following sections:

• Overview outlines the main issues involved in working with applications.
• Connecting TCP Acceleration Client to a LAN describes how users can
connect to a LAN and optimize Internet applications to work with TCP
Acceleration. This refers specifically to Netscape and Internet Explorer.
• Working with Mail Programs describes how to configure mail clients to
work with TCP Acceleration.
• Configuring Standalone FTP Applications describes how to perform file
transfers using the TCP Acceleration Client.
• Configuring News Protocols describes how to configure news clients to
work with TCP Acceleration.
Overview You can use TCP Acceleration with various browsers, mail programs and FTP
applications. This means that your HTTP requests, e-mails and file transfers
from these configured applications are sent through the TCP Acceleration
Server.
This appendix describes how to connect TCP Acceleration to the local area
network (LAN), enabling it to act as your proxy server. This allows you to
configure Netscape and Internet Explorer browsers to work with TCP
Acceleration. In addition, this appendix describes how to configure mail clients
and standalone FTP applications to work with TCP Acceleration components.
Connecting the During installation, TCP Acceleration automatically configures the proxy
settings of your Netscape and Internet Explorer browsers. You can further
TCP Acceleration improve the speed of your Internet connection by using the TCP Acceleration
Client to a LAN Client as a proxy server.
For HTTP and FTP requests, you must define the IP address of the TCP
Acceleration Client as your proxy server. TCP Acceleration Clients that are used
by multiple users connecting through a LAN are called TCP Acceleration Group
Clients.
This section describes the proxy configuration for Netscape and Internet
Explorer browsers in the following two sub-sections:
I Configuring Netscape for TCP Acceleration—describes how to customize
Netscape 4.0 to work with TCP Acceleration.
I Configuring Internet Explorer for TCP Acceleration—describes how to
customize Internet Explorer 5.0 to work with TCP Acceleration.
218 TCP Acceleration Working with Applications

Configuring Netscape for You can customize the proxy server settings in a Netscape 4.0 browser to work
TCP Acceleration with TCP Acceleration, directly under the Netscape Preferences tab.
To configure Netscape 4.0 for TCP Acceleration:
1 Open your Netscape browser.
2 From the Edit menu, select Preferences.
3 Click Advanced in the Category tree and then click Proxies.
4 Select the Manual Proxy Configuration option to configure the proxy server
settings.
5 In the HTTP text box, enter localhost for the TCP Acceleration Client and
then 9090 in the related Port box.
6 In the Security text box, enter localhost for the TCP Acceleration Client and
7 In the FTP text box, enter localhost for the TCP Acceleration Client and
NOTE If a TCP Acceleration Client is installed on your computer, enter local-
host as the address. If the TCP Acceleration Client is installed on another
computer, enter the TCP Acceleration Clients computer’s IP address. To
access local sites without using TCP Acceleration, enter the intranet IP
address in the Exceptions box.
8 Click OK to save the proxy settings.
9 Click OK again to exit the Preferences window.
Configuring Internet You can customize the proxy server settings in an Internet Explorer 5.0 browser
Explorer for TCP (or previous version) to work with TCP Acceleration by configuring the HTTP
Acceleration and FTP server addresses directly in the Proxy Settings window.
To configure Internet Explorer 5.0 for TCP Acceleration:
1 Open your Internet Explorer browser.
2 From the Tools menu, select Internet Options.
3 Click the Connections tab and then click LAN Settings.
NOTE It is recommended to select the Bypass proxy server for local
addresses check box to enable bypassing the proxy server for local
addresses.
4 Select the Use the same proxy server for all protocols check box to enable
access to the Internet using a proxy server, and then click Advanced to
display the Proxy Settings window.
NOTE These configurations are also relevant for previous versions of Internet
Explorer.
5 In the HTTP text box, enter localhost for the TCP Acceleration Client and
6 In the Secure text box, enter localhost for the proxy address used for Secure
Sockets Layer (SSL) and then 9092 in the related Port box.
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7 In the FTP text box, enter localhost for the TCP Acceleration Client and
NOTE If a TCP Acceleration Client is installed on your computer, enter local-
host as the address. If the TCP Acceleration Client is installed on another
computer, enter the TCP Acceleration Clients computer’s IP address. To
access local sites without using TCP Acceleration, enter the intranet IP
address in the Exceptions box. If you are using a local web server, it is rec-
ommended that you enter the web server’s address as an exception.
8 Click OK to save the proxy settings.
9 Click OK again to exit the Local Area Network (LAN) Settings window.
10 Click OK to exit the Internet Options window.
Working with E-Mail The TCP Acceleration Client, residing on a local machine, forwards mail
Programs requests initiated by various e-mail applications. To use TCP Acceleration with
mail, you must configure the mail client to work with TCP Acceleration and
configure TCP Acceleration to work with the mail server. In order to configure
the mail client to work with TCP Acceleration, you must define the IP address of
the TCP Acceleration Client for outgoing mail (SMTP) ser ver and for the
incoming mail (POP3) server. The mail parameters are included in Chapter 5,
“Configuring TCP Acceleration—Network Settings.”
To configure your mail client to work with TCP Acceleration:
1 In the Network Settings pane—Server Side Settings, POP3 Server Address box,
enter the IP address of your POP3 mail server.
2 In the SNMP Server Address box, enter the IP address of your SMTP mail
server.
3 Save the configuration settings.
4 Configure your mail client to access localhost as mail server. See applicable e-
mail application set-up documentation.
Configuring Standalone Standalone FTP applications are Internet applications without the support of a
FTP Applications browser, and can be configured to perfor m file transfer using the TCP
Acceleration Client. The FTP application used must be configured to work
through a firewall or proxy server.
To configure the FTP application:
1 In the Network Settings pane—Client Side Settings, FTP Listen Port box,
enter the port number (default is 9091).
2 Enable proxy server support and firewall access for incoming FTP requests.
See applicable FTP application set-up documentation.
3 Save the configuration settings.

Configuring News The Network News Transport Protocol (NNTP) specifies a protocol for the
Protocols distribution, inquiry, retrieval, and posting of news articles using a reliable
stream-based transmission of news. You can configure News protocols to
perform transfers using the TCP Acceleration Client.
To configure your news client to work with TCP Acceleration:
1 In the Network Settings pane—Server Side Settings, NNTP Server Address box,
enter the IP address of your news server.
2 Save the configuration settings. See applicable news server set-up
documentation.
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Glossary
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Acronyms, Abbr. & Definitions
The acronyms, abbreviations, and definitions in this user guide have been
modified to accommodate SkyStream applications.
Sources
• Technical Specification of DVB-simulcrypt (sim061)
• European Telecommunication Standard (ETS 300 468)
• Computer Desktop Encyclopedia by TechWeb
• Address Translation The process of replacing the received destination IP

address in the packet with a different IP address.
• AH (Authentication Header) A protocol used by IPSec. AH provides data
integrity, origin authentication, and replay resistance.
• Algorithm A set of ordered steps used for solving a problem, such as a
mathematical formula or the instructions in a program. The terms algorithm
and logic are synonymous. Both refer to a sequence of steps to solve a
problem. However, an algorithm implies an expression that solves a complex
problem rather than the overall input-process-output logic of typical business
programs.
• ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) A TCP/IP protocol used to obtain a
node's physical address. A client station broadcasts an ARP request onto the
network with the IP address of the target node it wishes to communicate with,
and the node with that address responds by sending back its physical address
so that packets can be transmitted. ARP returns the layer 2 address for a layer
3 address.
• Bandwidth The transmission capacity of a communications network
expressed in bits per second.
• Bit stuffing Adding bits to a transmitted message in order to round out a
fixed frame.
• Broadcast To transmit to everybody on a network or network segment.
• Client/Server An architecture in which the client (personal computer or
workstation) is the requesting machine and the server is the supplying
machine, both of which are connected through a local area network (LAN) or
wide area network (WAN).
• Command Line In a command-driven system, the area on the screen that
accepts typed-in commands.
224 Glossary
• CPU (Central Processing Unit) The computing part of the computer also
called the processor. It consists of the control unit and Arithmetic Logic Unit
(ALU).
• Crossover cable A network cable that crosses the transmit and receive lines.
The crossover cable connects hubs and switches together using standard
MDI-X ports, which are already crossover ports. The crossover cable crosses
the lines first so that after the MDI-X crosses the lines, they are effectively
back to a non-crossed condition.
• Data Bits The number of bits used to represent one character of data. When
transmitting ASCII text through the modem, either seven or eight bits may be
used. Most other forms of data require eight bits.
• Datagram The unit of data, or packet, transmitted in an IP network. Each
datagram contains source and destination addresses and data.
• Data Stream The continuous flow of data from one place to another.
• Default Handling A control used to determine IGMP forwarding rules,
Forward, Forward If Listener, or Discard—configurable by the system
administrator.
• DES (Data Encryption Standard) A National Institute of Standards and
Technology (NIST) secret key cryptography method that uses a 56-bit key.
DES is based on an IBM algorithm, which uses the block cipher method that
breaks the text into 64-bit blocks before encrypting them.
• Discard To discard all IP Multicast frames.
• DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) Software that automatically
assigns IP addresses to client stations logging onto a TCP/IP network. It
eliminates having to manually assign IP addresses to individual computers.
DHCP software typically runs in servers and is also found in network devices
such as ISDN routers and modem routers that allow multiple users access to
the Internet.
• DNS (Domain Name System) Name resolution software that lets users locate
computers on a UNIX network or the Internet (TCP/IP network) by domain
name. The DNS server maintains a database of domain names (host names)
and their corresponding IP addresses.
• DVB (Digital Video Broadcasting) A standard that provides the necessary
guidelines for the delivery of digital content over a variety of media.
• EGP (Exterior Gateway Protocol) A broad category of routing protocols that
are designed to span different autonomous systems.
• Encapsulation In communications, a method for transmitting multiple
protocols within the same network. The frames of one type of protocol are
carried within the frames of another. For example, SNA’s SDLC frames can be
encapsulated within TCP/IP and transmitted over a TCP/IP network.
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• ESP (Encapsulating Security Payload) A protocol used by IPSec. ESP

provides data confidentiality, integrity, origin authentication, replay resistance,
and limited traffic flow confidentiality. ESP may be used in tunnel or
transport mode. In tunnel mode, the inner IP header is encrypted and
authenticated while the outer header is not. In transport mode there is no
inner IP header and only the payload is encrypted and authenticated.
• Forward To unconditionally forward any IP Multicasting frames into the local
network.
• Forward If Listener Multicast streams will automatically start when the first
user joins that multicast group. The multicast stream will automatically stop
when the last user leaves the group.
• Frequency The number of oscillations (vibrations) per second. Frequency is
measured in Hertz (Hz), which is the same as “oscillations per second” or
“cycles per second.” Electromagnetic radiation is measured in kilohertz (kHz),
Megahertz (MHz), and Gigahertz (GHz).
• FTP (File Transfer Protocol) Used for storage of files accessible via the
Internet using proper FTP designed software, protocols, and passwords.
• GRE (Generic Routing Encapsulation) Encapsulation mode used for PPTP
tunnels.
• HDLC (High-level Data Link Control) An ISO communications protocol
used in X.25 packet switching networks. It provides error correction at the
data link layer.
• Hexadecimal The term Hexadecimal means 16. The base 16 numbering
system is used as a shorthand for representing binary numbers. Each half byte
(four bits) is assigned a hex digit. Hex values are identified with an “h” or
dollar sign, thus $3E0, 3E0h and 3E0H all stand for the hex number 3E0. Hex
values are also identified with the “0x” format, as in 0x101 for PID 101 in
hexadecimals.
• Host In network architecture, a client station (user’s machine) is considered
to be a host, because it is a source of information to the network in contrast
to a device such as a router or switch that directs traffic. However, in remote
control software a host is a virtual client.
• ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) A TCP/IP protocol used to send
error and control messages. For example, a ping utility sends ICMP echo
requests to verify the existence of an IP address.
• IEEE 802.3 CSMA/CD Ethernet IEEE standards for local area networks
(LANs) and metropolitan area networks (MANs). The IEEE specification for
LANs breaks the data link layer into two sub layers: the LLC (Logical Link
Control) and MAC (Media Access Control). The LLC provides a common
interface to the MAC layers, which specify the access method used.
226 Glossary
• IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol) A control protocol used by

multicast-enabled hosts to report their group membership information to
directly attached routers.
• IP Address (Internet Protocol Address) The layer-3 address of a computer
attached to a TCP/IP network. Every station must have a unique IP address.
Client workstations have a permanent address or one dynamically assigned to
them each dial-up session. IP addresses are written as four sets of numbers
separated by periods; for example, 204.171.64.2.
• IP Sec The IP security protocol, more commonly known as IPsec, is a suite
of protocols that provides security at the network layer.
• ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) An international
telecommunications standard for providing a digital service from the
customer's premises to the dial-up telephone network.
• Ku-Band Part of the electromagnetic spectrum used predominately for fixed
satellite communications and uses frequencies in the 10 to 17 GHz range.
• LAN (Local Area Network) A communications network that serves users
within a confined geographical area, made up of servers, workstations, a
network operating system, and a communications link.
• L-Band The frequency range from 0.5 to 1.5 GHz. Also used to refer to the
950 to 1450 MHz used for mobile communications.
• LNB (Low Noise Block) A combination Low Noise amplifier and
downconverter built in one device attached to the feed.
• Lock means that a signal, data or other information is being recieved and
processing properly.
• LSB (Least Significant Bit) The lowest-order bit.
• MAC Address (Media Access Control Address) On a local area network
(LAN) or other network, the MAC address is your interface card’s unique
hardware number.
• MAC Forwarding This MAC-level encapsulation feature is very similar to IP-
level encapsulation. IP Forwarding is forwarded from a sub-device based on
an IP Address. Whereas MAC Forwarding encapsulation forwards data from
the sub-device based on a MAC address.
• MPE (Multi-protocol Encapsulation) DVB and ATSC packetization format
that enables a high-speed gateway to an asymmetric Internet (or private IP-
based) network by retransmitting IP information in addition to the payload.
• MRU (Maximum Receive Unit) The largest packet size that can be received
over the network.
• MSB (Most Significant Bit) The first bit in a bit field.
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• MTU (Maximum Transmission Unit) The largest packet size that can be
transmitted over the network. Messages longer than the MTU must be divided
into smaller packets by the communications protocol.
• Multicasting One-to-many transmission of an IP datagram to a host group
which is a set of one or more hosts identified by a single IP multicast
destination address. A multicast datagram is delivered to all members of a
destination host group with the same reliability as unicast IP datagrams.
• NAT (Network Address Translation) An Internet Engineering Task Force
(IETF) standard that allows an organization to present itself to the Internet
with one address. NAT converts the address of each LAN node into one IP
address for the Internet and vice versa. It also serves as a firewall by keeping
individual IP addresses hidden from the outside world.
• Netmask In the context of the EMR, the netmask specifies the range of
addresses to be translated. For example, a netmask of 255.255.255.255
represents only one address, while a netmask of 255.255.255.0 represents a
range of 256 addresses.
• Network hub A central connecting device in a network that joins
communications lines together in a star configuration.
• New IP Address The IP address modified by the SkyStream EMR in order to
send to the proper IP Multicast address on the network.
• NTP (Network Time Protocol) A protocol used to synchronize the clocks of
two computers on the network in a master/slave fashion.
• Null-modem cable An RS-232 cable used to connect two personal
computers together in close proximity for file transfer. It attaches to the serial
ports of both machines and simulates what would occur naturally if modems
and the phone system were used. It crosses the sending wire with the
receiving wire.
• On Air Broadcasting.
• Original Destination IP Address Client address where the multicast stream
is being sent.
• OS (Operating System) The master control program that runs the computer.
The operating system is the first program loaded after the computer is turned
on, and its main part, called the “kernel,” resides in memory at all times.
• Packet Any block of data sent over a network. Each packet can contain
sender, receiver, and error-control information, in addition to the actual
message. Packets can be of fixed-length or variable-length and reassembled, if
necessary, when they reach their destination.
• PAP (Password Authentication Protocol) The most basic access control
protocol for logging onto a network. A table of usernames and passwords is
stored on a server. When users log on, their usernames and passwords are sent
to the server for verification.
228 Glossary
• Payload The data-carrying capacity of some structure. It typically refers to a

part of a packet or frame in a communications system that holds the message
data in contrast to the headers, which are considered overhead.
• PC (Personal Computer) A stand-alone computer that can be used as a
workstation and file server in a LAN (local area network).
• PID (Packet Identifier) A 13 bit packet identifier used to identify different
data types inside the transport stream.
• Ping An Internet utility used to determine whether a particular IP address is
online. Ping is used to test and debug a network by sending out a packet and
waiting for a response.
• Polarization A technique used by the satellite designer to increase the
capacity of the satellite transmission channels by reusing the satellite
transponder frequencies. In linear cross polarization schemes, half of the
transponders beam their signals to earth in a vertically polarized mode; the
other half horizontally polarize their down links. Although the two sets of
frequencies overlap, they are 90 degree out of phase, and will not interfere
with each other. To successfully receive and decode these signals on earth, the
earth station must be outfitted with a properly polarized feedhorn to select
the vertically or horizontally polarized signals as desired.
• PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol) A data link protocol that provides packet-
oriented communication over serial lines. PPP also provides password
protection using the Password Authentication Protocol (PAP).
• PPTP (Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol) A protocol that encapsulates
other protocols for transmission over an IP network. For example, it can be
used to send NetWare IPX packets over the Internet. Due to its RSA
encryption, PPTP is also used to create a private network (VPN) within the
public Internet. Remote users can access their corporate networks via any ISP
that supports PPTP on its servers.
• Protocol Translation The process of receiving data payloads in one protocol
and retransmitting these payloads in another protocol.
• PSK (Pre-Shared Key) A prearranged passphrase that is shared by two sides.
PSK is an authentication method for IPSec.
• QPSK (Quadrature Phase Shift Keying) A method of modulating digital
signals using four phase states to code two digital bits per phase shift.
• Reed Solomon Algorithm A system that corrects data errors with a
mathematical algorithm.
• RF (Radio Frequency) The range of electromagnetic frequencies above the
audio range and below visible light. All broadcast transmission, from AM
radio to satellites, falls into this range, which is between 30 KHz and 300
GHz.
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• RIP (Routing Information Protocol) A simple routing protocol that is part of

the TCP/IP protocol suite. It determines a route based on the smallest hop
count between source and destination.
• Router A device that forwards data packets from one local area network
(LAN) or wide area network (WAN) to another. Based on routing tables and
routing protocols, routers read the network address in each transmitted
frame and make a decision on how to send it based on the most expedient
route.
• Server A computer in a network shared by multiple users.
• SkyCast The SkyStream system used for IP Multicast Management.
• SMMP (SkyStream’s Multicast Management Protocol) This protocol uses
standard IP multicast to control groups of EMR units. A proprietary protocol
is required because the standard control protocols have the following
limitations.
• SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) The standard e-mail protocol on the
Internet. It is a TCP/IP protocol that defines the message format and the
message transfer agent (MTA), which stores and forwards the mail. SMTP was
originally designed for only ASCII text, but MIME and other encoding
methods enable program and multimedia files to be attached to e-mail
messages.
• SkyNAT EMR application used to support packet translation of incoming
data from satellite for address translation, protocol translation, and TTL
translation.
• SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) A standard protocol to
manage devices on the network.
• Static IP address A permanent IP address that is assigned to a node in a
TCP/IP network. Servers and routers are usually assigned static IP addresses,
while client stations are often assigned dynamic IP addresses from a DHCP
server each time they come online.
• Subnet Mask The Subnet Mask is used to divide the IP address space into
ranges of addresses called “subnets”. IP hosts in a subnet assume that they
have a direct connection (e.g., connected to the same Ethernet hub) and talk
directly to each other. The subnet mask divides the IP address into parts: a
network number and a host number. Hosts whose network number is the
same are in the same subnet. The subnet mask is a 32-bit field where “1” bits
indicate what part of the IP address is a network number. Subnet masks are
typically expressed in the same quad dotted notation as IP addresses.
• TCP/IP The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) on top of the Internet
Protocol (IP). Enables communication between different types of computers
and computer networks. The Internet Protocol is a connectionless protocol
that provides packet routing. TCP, which is connection-oriented, provides
reliable communication.
230 Glossary
• TTL (Time To Live) This value decrements each time the IP packet moves
through a router. When the number reaches the value of zero, the packet is
discarded.
• Transport mode Enables AH or ESP to process transport layer field and /or
higher layers of the datagrams. Most of the time, compulsory Tunnels (EMR
is the terminating edge) can be configured in tunnel mode and Voluntary
Tunnels (client PC is terminating edge) in transport mode.
• Tunnel mode Enables AH or ESP to process the network layer protocol —
the main advantage is that the IP header can be fully encrypted and
authenticated. In addition, it uses the IP address of VPN initiator to hide the
VPN client's IP address.
• UDP (User Datagram Protocol) A connectionless transport-level protocol
used in the suite of IP-based protocols. It enables the sending of data from
one computer to an application running on another computer. Like TCP
(Transmission Control Protocol), UDP is used with IP (the Internet
Protocol). Unlike TCP, UDP is connectionless and does not guarantee reliable
communication; the application must deal with lost or out-of-order packets.
• Unicast To transmit from one station to another, such as from client to
server or server to server.
• UTC (Universal Time, Coordinated) Coordinated Universal Time differs
from International Atomic Time by an integral number of seconds and is the
basis of most radio time systems and legal time systems. The step adjustments
(Leap Seconds) are usually inserted after the 60th second of the last minute of
December 31 or June 30.
• VPN (Virtual Private Networking) Emulates point-to-point connectivity. For
a secure VPN, data is encrypted using a protocol called the Point-to-Point
Tunneling Protocol (PPTP), or IPSec.
• VSAT (Very Small Aperture satellite Terminal) A small earth station for
satellite transmission that handles up to 56 kbits/sec of digital transmission.
• WAN (Wide Area Network) A communications network that covers a wide
geographic area, such as state or country.
231
SkyStream Networks
232 Glossary
Forms: Bug Reports
233
SkyStream Networks
Customer Bug Report Checklist

This checklist is to aid SkyStream in reproducing the “Bug” that occurred during
the installation or configuration of your EMR unit. Each installation is unique to
your specific configuration needs. To ensure that the conditions are exactly the
same when reproducing the “Bug” at SkyStream, please include the following:
I Customer Name:
I Date:
I Location:
I EMR Serial Number:
I EMR Software Version Number:
I Web Browser Number:

Summary
I Block diagram (or detailed description) of network and system with IP addresses.
I EMR Configuration information – LB and Frequency, Symbol Rate, Viterbi rate,

etc.
I Screen shots of serial-connection console (e.g., HyperTerminal session) and Web

GUI.
I Third-party equipment before and/or after EMR (as necessary/pertinent to

problem).
I Number of data streams (MPEG PIDs) included in the RF feed.
I Bandwidth of each stream and data service (include how the stream is
measured).
I PID #s and packetizers used for each data stream.
I Number of active MAC addresses
I Reports
234 Forms: Bug Reports

SkyStream Networks Customer Bug Report Form
Customer Name: _________________________________________________________________________

Date: _____________________________________ Location: _____________________________________
EMR Serial Number: ________________________ EMR Software Version: _________________________
Web Browser Version Number: ______________________________________________________________
SUMMARY:
Detailed discription of the network and system with IP address (or attach a block diagram):
Detailed discription of interface (or attach screen shots of the interface):
A list of ALL third party equipment before and after the EMR:
235
SkyStream Networks
236 Forms: Bug Reports

EMR-5000 User's Guide: Document Number 100-0058-02 (A)

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EMR-5000™

Document Number 100-0058-02 (A)

Agency compliance FCC Class A compliance

EMR operating temperature

show skynat_rules .............................................................................................................................. 42

[config-mode snmp trap] ..................................................................................................................69

Web GUI .......................................................................................................................................................... 92

System Check ..........................................................................................................................................199

Rules for Multicast Packet Processing

Bit stuffing Adding bits to a

I Acceleration applications response times

Chapter 2: Hardware Specifications and

EMR • External Connector — F Type female

Power Requirements and Specifications

10 Hardware Specifications and Installation

Front bezel indicators are as follows:

12 Hardware Specifications and Installation

14 Hardware Specifications and Installation

16 Hardware Specifications and Installation

See Chapter 3, “First Time Logon.”

18 Hardware Specifications and Installation

20 Hardware Specifications and Installation

22 Hardware Specifications and Installation

Chapter 3: System Logon

First Time Logon

TIP To look at more lines than can

5 In User Name type: emradmin.

Chapter 4: CLI Commands and Operation

Command Line Interface

28 CLI Commands and Operation

Description Shows all top-level root nodes

Range (Nodes at top-level)

Example show Show commands to display information

Description Shows all show subcommands

Range (All show subcommands)

Example cli-tree Display the CLI tree

30 CLI Commands and Operation

Range (All show subcommands)

root maintenance configuration wrt ->

Description Shows what interfaces are running

Range (All configurations running)

32 CLI Commands and Operation

34 CLI Commands and Operation

36 CLI Commands and Operation

Description Shows interface settings

Range (EMR interface cards)

Example satrx1 Display Satellite Receiver Interface 0 setting

show interface satrx1

Description Shows interface satrx1 settings

Range (see [config-mode] interface satrx1)

show interface eth1

Description Shows interface eth1 settings

Range (see [config-mode] interface eth1 or eth2)

show interface eth2

Description Shows interface eth2 settings

Range (see [config-mode] interface eth1 or eth2)

show interface ppp

Description Shows interface ppp settings

38 CLI Commands and Operation

Range (see [config-mode] interface ppp)

current ISP/Remote PPP Server settings

current Network setup

current Hardware settings