CALORIMETRY

Final Report

Arthur Lechoncito Submitted to: Sir Adonis

 LAB QUESTIONS

1. Part A.1
The test tube had water that had a temperature of 100 C (including the metal). This
was added to calorimeter. This will raise the temperature of water. Also, mass
wouldn’t be correct. We will not account for the because of the water with the
metal so q= mC(change in Temperature)

2. Part A.5
If we used a highest temperature rather than the extrapolated temp the change in
temperature would be smaller because If we divide it by a smaller value to get
specific heat, the value would be larger.

3. Part B.
If Acid or Bases will completely ionize for strong acid and strong base, then they
have the same amount of energy expended. The Weak acid-strong base the (Change
in H) would only change depending on its acid.

4. Part B.
Given: Solution:

M=2.35g q=mC(change in T)

C =1.35J/gC q=(2.35)(1.35)(6.22)=19.6 J

T=6.22C

5. Part B.3
40ml HCl reacting with 50ml of NaOH where the mole ratio is 1:1 in this reaction
then some of the NaOH wouldn’t react so we can say that the (Change in H) would
decrease.
6. Part B.3
If we are using (change in H) then the error would carry through all temperatures
and have no effect. Since the volume is constant and when we increase the
concentration of the acid, then the acid particles will also increase. The
concentration will then be directly proportional to the temperature change and
Because neutralization is an exothermic reaction, during the reaction, the
temperature will increase until the point of neutralization and after this, the
temperature will start to decrease so the effect of temperature is then nullified.

7. Part C.3
There will be less energy because the loss of salt during transfer means there will be
lesser salt in the reaction.
8. Part C.
If the Dissolution of NH4NO3 is endothermic. A Styrofoam cup isn’t a perfect
insulator, so some heat will be absorbed from the surroundings. So, the temperature
in the cup won’t drop so low. The change in temperature would be smaller than it
should be, so the H would lower. And because we used a Styrofoam cup then the
heat energy is lost to the surroundings so temp max would also be lower than it
should be.
 DOCUMENTATION
1. SPECIFIC HEAT OF METAL

PREPARING THE METAL

PREPARING THE WATER IN CALORIMETER

MEASURE AND RECORD THE TEMPERATURES OF THE METAL AND WATER
TRANSFER THE HOT METAL TO THE COOL WATER THEN RECORD THE DATA

THEN PLOT THE DATA AND DO IT AGAIN

2. ENTALPHY OF NEUTRALIZATION FOR AN ACID-BASE REACTION

MEASURE THE VOLUME OF HCl

MEASURE THE VOLUME OF NaOH

 ADDING NaOH TO THE HCl THEN SWIRL GENTLY THEN RECORD THE DATA

THEN PLOT THE DATA AND DO IT AGAIN

3. Entalphy of solution for the dissolution of salt

PREPARE THE SALT

PREPARE THE CALORIMETER
COLLECT THE DATA
PLOT THE DATA
DO IT AGAIN
 CONCLUSION

We know that heat may either be endothermic of exothermic and that

calorimeter is the laboratory apparatus that’s used to measure the quantity
and direction of heat flow accompanying a chemical of physical change. These
things can be applied in this experiment. In this experiment we determine the
specific heat of the metal, enthalpy of neutralization for a strong acid and
base reaction and the enthalpy of solution for the dissolution of a salt. In
these three experiments we used a double coffee cup calorimeter. Where in
these three experiments we carefully measured the mass, temperature and
the volume before and after mixing the respective components and then
plotted the value we got from the measurement. In the experiment heat is
evolved or absorbed in all chemical reactions then heat is transferred to or
from the calorimeter.
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without publisher's prior permission. Violators will be prosecuted.

16.15
92.2
6.82
26.1
19.28
32
33

1
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without publisher's prior permission. Violators will be prosecuted.

50
30.8
50
30
1

100
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without publisher's prior permission. Violators will be prosecuted.

7.45
26.43

31.9
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without publisher's prior permission. Violators will be prosecuted.
A. Specific heat of a metal
2. Temperature of metal (boiling water) (°C)
𝑇𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑙 (°𝐶) = 𝑇𝐻2 𝑂
𝑇𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑙 (°𝐶) = 92.2 °𝐶

5. Mass of water (g)

𝑚𝐻2 𝑂 = 𝑚𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟+𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 − 𝑚𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 = 26.1𝑔 − 6.82𝑔 = 19.28𝑔

Calculations for specific heat of metal

1. Temperature change of Water (°C)
∆𝑇𝐻2 𝑂 = 𝑇𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 − 𝑇𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 = 33°𝐶 − 32°𝐶 = 1°𝐶

2. Heat gained by water (J)

𝐽
𝑞 = 𝑚𝑠∆𝑇 = 19.28𝑔 ∗ 4.18 ∗ 1°𝐶 = 80.59 𝐽
𝑔°𝐶
3. Temperature change of metal (°C)
∆𝑇𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 𝑇𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 − 𝑇𝐻2 𝑂+𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑙(𝑏𝑜𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔) = 33°𝐶 − 92.2°𝐶 = −59.2°𝐶

4. Specific heat of metal (J/g * °C)

𝑞 80.59𝐽 𝐽
𝑠= = = 0.084
𝑚∆𝑇 16.15𝑔 ∗ 59.2°𝐶 𝑔 °𝐶

B. Enthalpy (Heat) of Neutralization for an Acid-Base Reaction

Calculations for Enthalpy (Heat) of Neutralization for an Acid-Base Reaction
1. Average initial temperature of acid and NaOH (°C)
𝑇𝐻𝐶𝑙 + 𝑇𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻 30.8°𝐶 + 30°𝐶
𝑇𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 (°𝐶) = = = 30.4°𝐶
2 2
𝑇𝑁𝐻𝑂3 + 𝑇𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻 31.9°𝐶 + 30°𝐶
𝑇𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 (°𝐶) = = = 30.95°𝐶
2 2
2. Temperature change
For acid 1:
∆𝑇 = 𝑇𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 − 𝑇𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 = 31.7°𝐶 − 30.4°𝐶 = 1.3°𝐶
For acid 2:
∆𝑇 = 𝑇𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 − 𝑇𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 = 37°𝐶 − 30.95°𝐶 = 6.05°𝐶

3. Volume of final mixture (mL)

For acid 1:
𝑉𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 𝑉𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑑 + 𝑉𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻 = 50𝑚𝐿 + 50𝑚𝐿 = 100𝑚𝐿
For acid 2:
𝑉𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 𝑉𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑑 + 𝑉𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻 = 50𝑚𝐿 + 50𝑚𝐿 = 100𝑚𝐿

4. Mass of final mixture (g)

For acid 1:
 𝑔
𝑚𝑚𝑖𝑥𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 = 𝑉𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 ∗ 𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 100𝑚𝐿 ∗ 1 = 100𝑔
𝑚𝐿
For acid 2:
𝑔
𝑚𝑚𝑖𝑥𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 = 𝑉𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 ∗ 𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 100𝑚𝐿 ∗ 1 = 100𝑔
𝑚𝐿

6. Heat involved (J)

For acid 1:
𝐽
𝑞 = 𝑚𝑠∆𝑇 = 100𝑔 ∗ 4.18 ∗ 1.3°𝐶 = 543.4 𝐽
𝑔 °𝐶
For acid 2:
𝐽
𝑞 = 𝑚𝑠∆𝑇 = 100𝑔 ∗ 4.18 ∗ 6.05°𝐶 = 2528.9 𝐽
𝑔 °𝐶
7. Moles of OH reacted, the limiting reactant (mol)
For acid 1:
𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻 + 𝐻𝐶𝑙 → 𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑙 + 𝐻2 𝑂
1𝐿 𝑚𝑜𝑙 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑂𝐻
𝑛𝑂𝐻 = 50𝑚𝐿 𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻 ∗ ∗ 0.9832 ∗ = 0.04916 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑂𝐻
1000𝑚𝐿 𝐿 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻
For acid 2:
𝐻𝑁𝑂3 + 𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻 → 𝑁𝑎𝑁𝑂3 + 𝐻2 𝑂
1𝐿 𝑚𝑜𝑙 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑂𝐻
𝑛𝑂𝐻 = 50𝑚𝐿 𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻 ∗ ∗ 0.9832 ∗ = 0.04916 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑂𝐻
1000𝑚𝐿 𝐿 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻
8. Moles of H2O formed (mol)
For acid 1:
𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻 + 𝐻𝐶𝑙 → 𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑙 + 𝐻2 𝑂
1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐻2 𝑂
𝑛𝐻2 𝑂 = 0.04916 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻 ∗ = 0.04916 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐻2 𝑂
1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻
For acid 2:
𝐻𝑁𝑂3 + 𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻 → 𝑁𝑎𝑁𝑂3 + 𝐻2 𝑂
1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐻2 𝑂
𝑛𝐻2 𝑂 = 0.04916 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻 ∗ = 0.04916 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐻2 𝑂
1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻
9. ∆H (kJ/mol H2O)
For acid 1:
𝑞𝑟𝑥𝑛 543.4𝐽 1𝑘𝐽
∆𝐻𝐻2 𝑂 = = ∗ = 11.07𝑘𝐽
𝑛𝐻2 𝑂 0.04916𝑚𝑜𝑙 1000𝐽
For acid 2:
𝑞𝑟𝑥𝑛 2528.9𝐽 1𝑘𝐽
∆𝐻𝐻2 𝑂 = = ∗ = 51.44𝑘𝐽
𝑛𝐻2 𝑂 0.04916𝑚𝑜𝑙 1000𝐽
C. Enthalpy (Heat) of Solution for the dissolution of a salt
2. moles of salt (mol)
1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑙
𝑛𝑠𝑎𝑙𝑡 (𝑚𝑜𝑙) = 5𝑔𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑙 ∗ = 0.086 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑙
58𝑔 𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑙
5. Mass of water (g)
𝑚𝐻2 𝑂 (𝑔) = 𝑚𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟+𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 − 𝑚𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 = 26.43𝑔 − 7.45𝑔 = 18.98𝑔
Calculations for Enthalpy (Heat) of Solution for the Dissolution of a Salt
1. Temperature change of Solution (°C)
 ∆𝑇 = 31.2°𝐶 − 31.9°𝐶 = −0.7°𝐶
2. Heat change of water
4.18𝐽
𝑞 = 𝑚𝑠∆𝑇 = 18.98𝑔 ∗ ∗ −0.7°𝐶 = −55.54 𝐽
𝑔 °𝐶
3. Heat change of salt (J)
𝑞=

Metal
33.5

33

32.5

32

31.5

31

30.5
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180

Series 1
 HCl
32

31.5

31

30.5

30

29.5
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180

Series 1

Salt
32

31.5

31

30.5

30

29.5
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180

Series 1
mass of metal 16.15 33 30.3
temp of metal 92.2 32.5 31
mass of calorimeter 6.82 32.5 31.5
mass of calorimeter + water 26.1 32.1 31.8
mass of water 19.28 32 31.8
temperature of water in calorimeter 32 32 31.8
temp max of metal and water 33 32 31.8
temperature change of water 1 32 31.8
heat gained by water(J) 32 31.8
temperature change of metal 59.2 32 31.8
specific heat of metal 32 31.8
average specific heat of metal 32 31.8
32 31.8
volume of acid mL 50 32 31.8
temperature of acid 30.8 32 31.8
volume of naoh ml 50 31.5 31.8
temperature of naoh 30 31.5 31.7
exact molar concentration of NaOH 1 31.5 31.7
Maximum temperature from graph

av initial temperature of acid and NaOH

temperature change
volume of final mixture 100ml
mass of final mixture
specific heat of mixture 4.18
heat involved (J)
moles of OH reacted
moles of h2o formed
delta h (kJ/mol)

mass of salt (g) 5

moles of salt (mol)
mass of calorimeter (g) 7.45
mass of calorimeter + water (g) 26.43
mass of water (g)
initial temperature of water 31.9
final temperature of mixture from graph

temperature change of solution

heat changes of water (j)
Heat change of salt
total enthalpy change
delta h
 36.5
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
temp initial nho3 31.9 37
temp initial naoh 31 37
37
31.2
31
30.8
30.8
30.6
30.6
30.6
30.6
30.6
30.6
30.6
30.6
30.6
30.6
30.6
30.6
30.6
30.6