Recommendation of CE Expansion For Internal Use only

Product Name Confidentiality Level

WCDMA RNP For Internal Use Only
Product Version
Total 17 Pages
1.0

Recommendation of CE Expansion
(For Internal Use only)

Prepare Luo Dan Date 2010-08-10

d by
Reviewe Date
d by
Approve Date
d by

Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd

All Rights Reserved

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Contents

1.1 Overview..................................................................................................................................................................4
1.2 Basic of CE...............................................................................................................................................................4
1.3 Overview..................................................................................................................................................................6
1.4 Preparation................................................................................................................................................................6
1.4.1 Triggered Items...................................................................................................................................................6
1.4.2 Metric..................................................................................................................................................................7
1.5 Working Flow...........................................................................................................................................................8
1.6 Overview.................................................................................................................................................................11
1.7 Load Control...........................................................................................................................................................11
1.8 Dynamic CE...........................................................................................................................................................12
1.9 CE Consumption.....................................................................................................................................................14
1.9.1 SRB Consumption............................................................................................................................................14

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List of Figures

Counters may used..........................................................................8

Work Flow.......................................................................................9
Resources used by different load control algorithms........................12
LDR actions for CE..........................................................................12
HSUPA CEs consumption.................................................................13
Overview of dynamic CE resource management...............................13
SRB CE Consumed in HSDPA...........................................................15

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1 Overview

1.1 Overview
The present document gives a general way of Channel Element expansion
planning steps. Some basic ideas of CE are included too.

Procedures of hardware expansion are introduced in section 1.2and parameter

optimization is covered in section 3. If part of below sections is used in the
report to operator, please select proper content accordingly.

1.2 Basic of CE
CE is the logical quantitative concept of DSP capability in baseband board
representing the capability of modulation/demodulation and coding/decoding.
This word is normally used in NodeB side while credit is more common in RNC
side (e.g. in counters of RNC) although these two words have the same
concept. The relation is 1 CE=2 credit in UL and 1CE=1credit in DL.

The CE resource in one NodeB is shared by cells/cell groups. It is one of the

kinds of resource that directly limit the cell load. Especially in live network,
customer may need suggestion from vendor, or even plan to guide the
expansion of CE as it’s a fast and efficient way to add more boards and
eliminate the congestions caused by CE limitation.

The total CE capacity is restricted by two aspects. One is the physical capacity
which is limited by the baseband board configuration. Another one is license.
The overall capacity will be Min｛Physical capacity, License｝

Detailed of CE usage is not depicted in the protocol. The protocals describe the
coding and modulation principle but not the realization. The way of baseband

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process and the metric of describing the capability are designed by vendor
itself.

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2 Expansion Strategy

1.3 Overview
The expansion strategy in this section introduces the steps of hardware
expansion of baseband board (WBBP etc.). The targets for CE expansion are
decreasing CE congestions and to meet the future traffic needs.

In planning period of network constructions, the planning of CE per site is

usually based on traffic model given by operaters. But in live network expansion
period, it is not always easy to use planning tools due to:

 Usually the customer cannot or will not provide a detailed and precise
traffic model for planning.

 Many planning tools (E.g. RND) put emphasis on the whole instead of
sites. And in live network it’s very common to have huge difference in
traffic or CE utility distribution among sites (or sites with the same
scenario).

So the strategy on a site basis is explained here to provide the estimation which
is more close to the network traffic.

1.4 Preparation
1.4.1 Triggered Items
The possible reasons for any resource expansion may come from:

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 Alarms. The alarms such as Number Of Users Almost Up To 90% Of

System Capacity can be monitored from OMC side to indicate the
resource threshold is near and attention should be paid.

 KPI monitoring. The congestions due to resource limitation in terms of

KPIs (Cell basis).

 New service introduced. When HSPA is introduced in hot spots or

more sites, it’s a common way of adding separate carrier for improving
HSPA performance effectively and efficiently.

So does CE expansion. Considering the difference between busy hour and

normal hour as well as the users’ experience, the triggering indicators for CE
expansion can be:

− Resource Occupied Ratio of Busy Hour

− Congested times in Busy Hour
− Resource limited alarms in a Week (just for reference)
The most important items and thresholds can be decided according to network
condition and top concerns.

During data preparation period, the data to be analyzed should be of certain

length to be representative (two weeks for example). Furthermore the peak
value can be averaged to exclude abnormal burst in sites with special event
during observing period.

1.4.2 Metric
The average CE utility ratio during the measurement period would be:

− UL: VS.LC.ULCreditUsed.CELL/Overall Capacity

− DL: VS.LC.DLCreditUsed.CELL/Overall Capacity
The result above is on a cell basis and by summing up we can have the NodeB
CE utility. Note that sometimes the sum of peak value will exceed the CE
capacity. This is because the maximum CE utility of every cell may happen at
different point in the measurement period.

Congestion times can be the sum of RRC and RAB failures caused by CE

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rejection in UL and DL.

− UL: VS.RAB.FailEstCs.ULCE.Cong +
VS.RAB.FailEstPs.ULCE.Cong + VS.RRC.Rej.UL.CE.Cong
− DL: VS.RAB.FailEstCs.DLCE.Cong +
VS.RAB.FailEstPs.DLCE.Cong + VS.RRC.Rej.DL.CE.Cong

UL
VS.RAB.FailEstCs.ULCE.Cong
VS.RAB.FailEstPs.ULCE.Cong
VS.RRC.Rej.UL.CE.Cong
VS.LC.ULCreditUsed.CELL
VS.LC.ULCreditUsed.CELL.Max
DL
VS.RAB.FailEstCs.DLCE.Cong
VS.RAB.FailEstPs.DLCE.Cong
VS.RRC.Rej.DL.CE.Cong
VS.LC.DLCreditUsed.CELL
VS.LC.DLCreditUsed.CELL.Max

Figure 1.1 Counters may used

The congestion counters used are number of RRC/RAB failures and occupied
CE in the measurement period. Although the direct shortage of CE is hard to
obtain, we still consider the number of rejection can reflect part of the fact that
more CE should be added to sites with higher congestions.

————————————————————————————————————————

To get the counters, the Network Element takes the samples periodically. At the end of
the measurement period, the accumulated data will be divided by the number of samples
and the result will be the counter value. So it is common for most of the counters having
average results. For some items there're dedicated counters for recording the peak value
in the measurement period.

1.5 Working Flow

With different limitation, input and threshold, there’re two calculation methods
we can use to decide what the number of boards adding to each site is.

1) Direct Threshold

This algorithm is to make thresholds for sites adding CE and repeat expansion
when monitoring congestions afterwards. The threshold (e.g. THD1) can be
loose or aggressive, restricted to the planned CE resource for expansion.

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Figure 1.2 Work Flow

Ravg is the average utility ratio reflecting the daily/hourly average utility ratio. It
equals to Used CE/ CE Capacity using counters above in 1.4.2. THD1 is the
threshold of CE congestion times for adding resource. Nrep is the threshold of
number of days/BHs with threshold over THD1. The thresholds can be adjusted
based on different sets of parameters above.

2) Proportional Distribution

With defined number of baseband boards to be added (the number of CE is

also defined with typical type of baseband board), we can also get the allocation
in a proportional way.

THD2= CongTOT/ Nbd

Where THD2 is the threshold for expansion, CongTOT is the total congestion
times of all sites in selected time and Nbd is the number of boards to be added.

For each site, the number of boards to add in site i will be:

Ni = [Congi / THD2] + 1

Where Congi indicates the congested times of site i and [ ] is the integer of

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numbers inside.

————————————————————————————————————————

If there’s traffic model forecast for future growth, the expected CE can be calculated by
adding that for PS, CS and other services. The part of CE eliminating current congestions
should also be included in the traffic margins. Normally the model is not for typical site
so the result is not detailed to a site basis. It’s not covered here in present document.

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3 Optimization Methods

1.6 Overview
Before hardware expansion deployed, the parameter optimization also helps to
decrease the congestions due to CE limitation. Basic CE consumption is also
included in this part.

DCCC which is not covered below can also change consumed CE when
changing the BE data rate.

1.7 Load Control

As WCDMA is a self-interfering system, there must be load control algorithms to
control the system load in order to maintain a stable and effective system. They
also work on CE as that’s one of the major resources.

The resources triggered Load control actions are listed below. In fact, any
procedure which adjusts the system load would have impact on CE as well. For
example, if PUC increases the possibility of UEs camping on F2 cell instead of
F1 cell (F1, F2 are two-carrier cells of same sector, planned to have the same
coverage), then the CE congested possibility in the near future is decreased in
F1 cell. Initial rate negotiation in IAC when different data rate selected, CE
consumed varies.

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Figure 1.1 Resources used by different load control algorithms

In LDR action, the relative procedure triggered by any kinds of resource can
have a direct influence on CE consumed:

Figure 1.2 LDR actions for CE

When load control algorithms work, congestions of CE may be decreased.

1.8 Dynamic CE
In the uplink the CE is shared by HSUPA and R99 channels. When the data rate
of HSUPA is high, the UL CE consumed is really considerable. That's quite
possible of the UE having a very small throughput while CE corresponding to
maximum rate is allocated, which is a significant waste of resource.

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Figure 1.3 HSUPA CEs consumption

Since RAN10, the dynamic CE resource management is introduced to provide a

more flexble solution.

Figure 1.4 Overview of dynamic CE resource management

The algorithm periodically adjusts the available CE resource for the users or
when a new user is permitted. NodeB calls back the unused CE when detecting
it's not fully used in a certain time, and also try to balance CE equitably among
serving RLS. In that case the CE utility ratio is improved. Note that when
Dynamic CE is activated, the HSUPA DCCC function should be deactivated
from RNC side.

In RAN11, 2ms fast CE scheduling is introduced with boards EBBI/EBBC/

WBBPb. Boards older than that adopt 500ms CE scheduling.

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————————————————————————————————————————

The relation between HSUPA dynamic CE resource management and HSUPA DCCC is:
If all cells in AS support HSUPA dynamic CE, BE data rate is adjusted to MBR if it's not.
HSUPA DCCC doesn't work.
If any cell in AS doesn't support HSUPA dynamic CE or the RNC cannot get any
capability information on this, HSUPA DCCC works.

1.9 CE Consumption
The CE consumption can be found in RNP Reference Guide, with conditions
and restrictions inside. The CE for R99 Bearers is regular and easy to see.

For HSDPA, seperate dedicated module is used to process HSDPA traffic. Thus
the HSDPA channel (HS-DSCH, HS-SCCH) itself don't cost any CE. But it's not
the same story for HSUPA (with original name E-DCH) and the CE consumed
for a high speed HSUPA service is quite remarkable. (However, NodeB of 3900
series have improvement and Dynamic CE would help as well)

1.9.1 SRB Consumption

Before SRBoverHSPA introduced in RAN10, SRBs are mapping to DPCH and

whenever there's SRB in DL/UL, there're CE occupied by these DPCH. Take
HSDPA UL SRB as example, the number of CE is more with a higher data rate.

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Figure 1.5 SRB CE Consumed in HSDPA

When SRBoverHSPA is activated, DPCH for HSDPA DL SRB will be replaced

by F-DPCH and the former one CE for SRB channel can be saved. The UL SRB
is now mapped to HSUPA channels without additional CE consumed.

————————————————————————————————————————

Till second quarter of 2010, most UE still cannot support SRBoverHSDPA. So far most
SRB in DL is still on DPCH and cost one CE.
For most HSUPA UE, the SRBoverHSUPA is supportive.

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4 Conclusion

The implementation and result of CE expansion is relatively easy and obvious.

But how to choose the site and the number of boards adding should be clear to
be accepted by operators.

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5 References

 3GPP 25.213 Spreading and modulation

 3GPP 25.331 Radio Resource Control
 RAN Performance Counter Reference
 RAN Feature Description
 RNP Reference Guide

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