The Seeds of Revolution
GENMANDATE: LIFE AND WORKS OF JOSE RIZAL
MIDTERM AY: 2019-2020
“Some revolutions are mighty upheavals; likewise
, there were silent but powerful revolutions which
permanently changed the minds of the human
race”
Objectives:
 Correctly define the term revolution;
 Identify contributory factors in the development
and breaking out of revolution;
 Affirm the soundness of Rizal’s stand on waging
the revolution; and,
 Describe interception of Rizal’s trip to Cuba as
providential
Breeders of Revolutionary Ideas
Writers serve as a feeders of revolutionary ideas like;
1. Thomas Paine
2. Jacques Rousseau
3. John Milton
4. Niccolo Machiavellie
Rizal established linkage between tradition and the
culture of his time when he annotated Antonio Morga’s
Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas.
He analyzed the Philippine society thrugh Noli Me
Tangere
synthesized it in El Filibusterismo and forecast the
country’s future in
his essay, Filipinas dentro de Cien Anos. ( The
Philippines a
Hundred Years from Now)
He correctly proved his theory on imperialism when
America and
Japan colonized the Philippines after Spain.
The Revolution
Insurrection aims to have the forcible change in the
government.
Revolt is waged to overthrow the government itself.
Rebellion is a large scale revolt which failed.
Revolution is a successful large scale revolt.
Rizal’s Stand on Revolution
The Katipunan
Jose Rizal was not convinced that
the planned revolution would
succeed.
He pointed out that the movement
was premature and it would de
suicidal if at time , they launched the
revolution
Chronology of Events that Lead to Rizal’s
Execution
1. The Launching of La Liga Filipina
July 3, 1892 - Tondo, Manila
Rizal came home and on July 3, 1982, he
launched the La Liga Filipina in Tondo, Manila
In that assembly, Andres Bonifacio was
present.
2. Rizal’s Imprisonment in Fort Santiago
July 6, 1892 to July 13, 1892
July 3, 1892 was the first and the last
assembly because three days thereafter, Rizal
was arrested on the strength of “subversive”
materials found in the house he visited prior to
the launching of La Liga.
3. The Foundation of the KKK
July 7, 1892- Azcarraga (Claro M. Recto
today), Tondo, Manila
The deportation of Jose Rizal to Dapitan was
officially announced.
On the same day, Andres Bonifacio initiated
the organization KKK
4. Bonifacio sent Dr. Pio Valenzuela to
Dapitan
June 21, 1896
Valenzuela was sent by Andres Bonifacio to
tell him about the existence of Katipunan and the
Revolution which would break out anytime.
5. Four years and thirteen days (July 17, 1892
to July 30, 1896) of exile in Dapitan ended;
Blanco permitted Rizal to serve the
Spanish conscript in Cuba
Rizal wrote to Governor General Ramon
Blanco to offer his services as a medical
volunteer.
6. The Secret of KKK Betrayed
August 19, 1896- Teodoro Patiño divulged the secrets of
the KKK
September 1, 1896- Pio Valenzuela’s betrayal
Teodoro Patiño revealed to Fr. Mariano Gil the
existence of Katipunan who in turn, reported it
to the civil and military authorities.
Dr. Pio Valenzuela opted for an executive
pardon.
7. The Revolution Escalated
August 19-31, 1896
August 21, around five hundred rebels left Balintawak
and
proceeded to a small town called kangkong.
August 22, Katipuneros discussed strategies to be
employed.
August 23, “The First Cry” in Pugad Lawin.
August 25, the civil guards and the infantry men fired
upon katipuneros.
August 28, Bonifacio declared August 29, 1896
as the beginning of the general uprising
against Spain.
August 30, Battle of Pinaglabanan took place.
8. The Reign of Terror began
August 31, 1896
Fifty seven revolutionaries publicly executed at
Luneta.
9. Jose Rizal, oblivious of the raging revolution
ashore
July 31 to September 2, 1896 Rizal was on board
different
steamers in the Philippine waters for 32 days
July 31, 1896- He sailed aboard the mail boat España for
five
days.
August 5, 1896- Isla de Panay bound for Spain, had
already left
when they arrived
From the mail boat España, he was transferred to
cruiser
Castilla which was docked in the navy yard of Cavite
10. Sailing away from the upheavals and
back for the worst
Jose Rizal was on board the cruiser Castilla for almost
one month while waiting
for the Steamer bound for Spain.
As order by Blanco, Rizal was held incommunicado
September 3, Rizal’s voyage to Spain and Cuba via
Singapore began.
September 28, (at Port Said) the ship Captain informed
Rizal that we would be
arrested upon reaching Barcelona, to br imprisoned in
Fort Montjuich; and to
be shipped back to the Philippines as a prisoner.
October 6, Isla de Panay reached Barcelona. He had a
brief interview with
Despujol who informed him that he was to br shipped
back to Philippines as a
prisoner.
11.Camilo Polavieja replaced Ramon
Blanco
December 13, 1896, the Dominican sponsored
Camilo Polavieja replaced Blanco. With
Polavieja as governor general of the
Philippines, the military courts became very
active as a result, many Filipinos held as
leaders or participants in the cospiracy were
executed. Midterm AY: 2019-2020

The Court Martial Objectives

The Court Martial Narrate how Rizal was arrested, detained and deported
to
Court Martial is the Dapitan
judicial court of the
military or naval Explain why Dapitan was the place chosen for Rizal’s
officer that tries deportation
soldiers’ offense. It
is a trial held before Recap all the activities of Jose Rizal in his place of exile
the military court.
Distinguish a “life lived” and a “lived life”
The Court Martial
Justify Rizal’s volunteering as a medical doctor in Cuba
November 3, 1896, Jose Rizal went straight to as the
Fort Santiago after being a prisoner in the only legitimate way for him to free himself from
steamer Colon. isolation

November 20, 1896, Preliminary investigation Deportation

was conducted. to Dapitan

Dominguez found prima facie evidence that Jose Masterminds

Rizal was the principal organizer and the living
soul of the armed struggle. Governor General Eulogio Despujol in collaboration
with the Jesuits
The Court Martial
Why Dapitan?
December 5, 1896, Blanco forwarde the judge
advocate’s Dapitan was under control of the Jesuit Fathers.
finding to the senior legal officer and auditor general of The masterminds thought that by conniving they
war, could work on Rizal’s retraction to adhere to the
Judge Advocate General Nicolas Peña for his comments Catholic faith once again.
and
recommendations. When?

December 6, 1896, The court martial of Rizal began.
December 26, 1896, Rizal was sentenced to death by
Spanish
military court.
January 7, 1897 ( a month after Rizal’s execution) Dr Pio
Valenzuela and other katipuneros who betrayed Rizal
were also
charged of complicity in the rebellion. They too were
court
martialed.
Existing & Living in Dapitan
GENMANDATE: Life & Works of Jose Rizal
July 14, 1892 – boarded the steamer Cebu from
Manila
July 17, 1892 – landed in Dapitan
Dapitan, a Haven by the Sea
Originated from a Visayan term “dapit”
meaning to invite.
Situated in Western Mindanao at Dapitan
Bay of Sulu Sea
Dapitan is known as the Shrine City famous
for its rustic beauty and serenity
Jesuits of Dapitan

Military Engineer - Constructed

Headquarters Water System for
drinking and irrigation
Choice to live with the Jesuits or in the
Military Headquarters Inventor - Invented a
simple machine to
Preconditions: produce bricks

Recant what he had Businessman -Engaged

written against the friars in entrepreneurship by
exporting copra and
Rectify his errors abaka

Go through religious Doctor - Practiced his

rituals to regain his medical profession
being a Catholic
Became a teacher
Preconditions:
Lived Life
None
“We can create abundance out of our desert
Opted to stay there or a desert out of our abundance.”
with Captain Ricardo
Carnicero - A Excerpt from Rizal’s letter to Blumentritt
commanding officer
who was young and a I get up early at 5:00AM. I visit my friends,
freethinker feed my chickens, wake up my people, and
get things moving. At 7:30AM we have
A Lucky Man breakfast. Afterwards I treat my poor
patients. I get dressed and go to town to
Rizal and Carnicero won second prize in a lottery attend the sick people there, and by noon
ticket return home. Then I teach the youngsters
until 4:00PM, and the rest of the afternoon I
Total winnings was Php21,000.00 dedicate to agriculture. I spend my evening
reading & studying…
Rizal’s share was Php 6,200.00
Rizal’s Women: Spotlight
Rizal gave to his parents the amount of Php2,000.00 on Josephine Bracken

Php200.00 to Jose Ma. Basa Arrived at Dapitan when Rizal was still feeling
the void left by Leonor Rivera
The rest he invested by buying a land
Went to Dapitan from Hong Kong to accompany
The Many Hats worn by Jose Rizal in Dapitan her non-biological father, Geoffrey Tauffer, for
an eye operation
Farmer – Lanzones,
Mangosteen, Macopa, Speculated as a Eurasian (Anglo-Chinese) due to
Santol, Coffee, Cacao her short stature (barely 5’1)
etc.
She claims to be Irish
Community Developer
18 years old at the time she met Rizal
Whirlwind Romance
One month courtship and immediate
plan for marriage
Hastiness of the decision was because
of Rizal’s loneliness and vulnerability
Josephine became Rizal’s live-in
partner which caused rumors among
the community
Some parents restricted their children
to attend the classes of Rizal
A Still-Born Child
After a year of cohabitation,
on March 11, 1896 Josephine
gave birth to a still-born baby
boy
They named him Francisco
Rizal buried him silently in a
place, he alone knew
RIZAL and the Katipunan
June 21, 1896
Dr. Valenzuela (emissary) informed
Rizal of the plan of the Katipunan to
launch a revolution
RIZAL and the Katipunan
JOSE RIZAL opposed Bonifacio’s proposed project to
plunge the country in bloody revolution.
The people are not ready for a revolution;
Arms and funds must first be collected before raising
the
cry of revolution.
He advised the Katipunan to seek the help of Antonio
Luna (to obtain financial aid from the elite)
RIZAL and the Katipunan
He also refused the offer of the Katipunan to
spirit him out of Dapitan. ( he had given his
word of honor to the Spanish authorities and did
not want to break it)
July 30, 1896
Received a letter (handed by General Carnicero) from
the Governor General Blanco allowing
him to render medical services to the Spanish soldiers in
Cuba.
Note: Rizal volunteered as military physician months
before the Katipunan contacted
him.
Cuba was in the throes of revolution and is experiencing
yellow fever epidemic
Cuba was in shortage of physicians to minister to the
needs of the Spanish troops &
Cuban people
From Dapitan into the Trap
Rizal auctioned his properties, gave souvenirs, gave his
plantation to a friend and to
his barber and gave the houses to the poorest...
From Dapitan into the Trap
July 31, 1896
Rizal bade farewell to the Dapiteños.
Rizal set afire the kiosk that he used for retreat and
solitude
Chopin’s funeral march was being played by the
town band as Rizal’s boat was rowed.
From Dapitan into the Trap
Rizal lived in Dapitan for four years
Rizal led a life with sense, with purpose and with
direction.
Existing & Living at Dapitan
Existence is a decision or a choice. A person is what he
chooses to
do, what he does, and what he does for self and for
others.
References:
Daquila, S., Seeds of Revolution , 2008
The Continuing
Revolution
GENMANDATE: LIFE AND WORKS OF JOSE RIZAL
MIDTERM AY: 2019-2020
OBJECTIVES
Define the meaning of radical-pacifism;
Cite historical events to show that the
radical-pacifism is effective in changing the world;
Show that Jose Rizal had prepared himself for his
execution;
Dramatize and empathize with the hero’s public
execution at Luneta;
Discuss events that followed after the execution of
the Philippine national hero; and
Discuss why Rizal’s revolution continues after his
death.
RADICAL- PACIFISM
RADICALISM – it means employment of violence and
the
total overhauling of a social system.
PACIFISM – it means solving a conflict through peaceful
resolutions.
RADICAL-PACIFISM – is a peaceful but radical means
of effecting social change which observes wilful
acceptance
of unjust punishment which can shock the social
conscience
;magnify the wrong done; evoke compassion; agitate
the
apathetic; enrage the public; and ignite an explosive
social
condition.
RADICAL- PACIFISM
Example:
Socrates
Mahatma Gandhi
Jesus Christ; and
Jose Rizal as expresses in Noli Me Tangere
My Last Farewell : 3rd
Stanza
I die just when I see the dawn breaks,
Through the gloom of the night, to herald the day
And if color is lacking my blood thou shalt take,
Pour’d out at eed for the dear sake,
To dye with its crimson the waking ray.
Jose Rizal expressed his sentiments and
anticipation of his early death.
My Last Farewell : 3rd
Stanza
I die just when I see the dawn breaks,
Through the gloom of the night, to herald the day
And if color is lacking my blood thou shalt take,
Pour’d out at eed for the dear sake,
To dye with its crimson the waking ray.
Jose Rizal expressed his sentiments and
anticipation of his early death.
My Last Farewell : 11th and
12th Stanza
Beloved Filipinas, hear now my last good-by!
I give thee all: parents and kindred and friends
For I go where no slave before the oppressor bends,
Where faith can never kill, and God reigns e'er on high!
Farewell to you all, from my soul torn away, b. Frau Rosa,Loleng, Curt,a nd Friedrich

Friends of my childhood in the home dispossessed ! c. To his mother and father

Give thanks that I rest from the wearisome day ! The Execution

Farewell to thee, too, sweet friend that lightened my The Execution

way;
December 30, 1896 at 6:30 AM
Beloved creatures all, farewell! In death there is rest !
- Rizal came out of his cell.
He expresses his lamentation and resignation which
spoke of - he was wearing all black except for his
an imperfect society and a perfect place he would be white shirt and waist coat
going
where neither tyrants nor slaves exist. The order of the procession:

PREPARATION FOR - bugler;

HIS DEATH
- drummer;
PREPARATION FOR HIS DEATH
- military escorts and marshals;
Day before his execution, Rizal had many visitors:
- Jose Rizal
a. Santiago Mataix – news correspondent from Madrid
- 2 priests
b. Jesuit Fathers
- Luis Taviel de Andrade
Fr. Miguel Saderra Mata, Fr. Luis Viza, Fr.
Vicente Balaguer, and Fr. Vilaclara The Execution

c. Doña Teodora Alonso- but was not allowed to hug 8 Filipinos composed the firing
each squad, dressed in in tropical
other climate uniform and straw hats.

d. Rizal’s sisters and nephews where he gave his lamp Behind them were the row of
and Spanish soldiers who will shoot
alcohol them in case they fail.
burner whispering, “There is something
inside.” Offers During his Execution

PREPARATION FOR HIS DEATH
Josephine was Rizal’s last caller and gave her his book ,
the
Imitation of Christ by Thomas a Kempis and scribbled,
Face the sea where his back faces the
firing squad which he tried to refuse for
he is not a traitor who turns his back.
Declined the offer to be blindfolded.

“To my dear unhappy wife.” He chose to stand instead of kneeling

down.
He wrote letters to the following people:
Offered to kiss a crucifix but turned it
a. Ferdinand Blumentritt away.
 and eight months.
Military surgeon checked his pulse but it
remained normal. On August 17, 1898 Rizal’s skeletal remains
were exhumed and deposited in an urn and was
The Execution brought to the Marble Hall of

The command sounded off, AFTER HIS DEATH

“Preparen! Apunten! Fuego!
(Ready! Aim! Fire!)
In a clear voice Jose Rizal uttered,
“Consummatum est”
(It is finished!) the same
He was buried directly without a coffin and
straight to the ground without his family’s
knowledge.
Doña Teodora and Narcisa begged and looked
for Rizal’s body and was recovered after a year
and eight months.

words Jesus Christ said AFTER HIS DEATH

when
He gave up His life. On August 17, 1898 Rizal’s skeletal
remains were exhumed and deposited
December 30, 1896 was the final in an urn and was brought to the
curtain call for Dr. Jose Protacio Marble Hall of Ayuntamiento for
Mercado-Rizal. proper necrology.

RIZAL’S DEATH Soon deposited his remains at the

WISH
HIS DEATH WISH
In a sealed letter to be open after his death he
wished that:
He will be buried in the ground;
Place a stone and cross over it;
Put his name, birth and the date of his death;
cornerstone of his monument at
Luneta Park.
My Last Farewell
Late afternoon day after his execution, they
saw a small piece of paper 9x15 cm folded
inside the hollow of the alcohol burner
from Rizal.
The family sent a copy to his friends abroad
and to the KKK in Cavite.

He prefer Paang Bundok or North Cemetery
today to be buried.
Surround his grave with fence.
No anniversaries.
AFTER HIS DEATH
He was buried directly without a coffin and
straight to the ground without his family’s
knowledge.
Doña Teodora and Narcisa begged and looked
for Rizal’s body and was recovered after a year
In 1897, Mariano Ponce titled it, Ultimo
Pensamiento and today, is known as Mi
Ultimo Adios (My Last Farewell)
THE AFTERMATH
(What happened to Paciano and Josephine?
SSDWD
Paciano Rizal
After his brother’s death, he became very
active in revolutionary activities in Central
Luzon.
He was elected as Secretary of Treasury of the
armed movement.
He rose to General and continued on what he
and his brother covenanted with.
He’s an unmarried man but he had an
illegitimate daughter Emiliana.
Josephine Bracken’s
Inconsistencies
After Jose Rizal’s death, she became an
instant celebrity where she easily narrated
how she met and married Rizal but in a
different version.
According to her, she was following behind
Rizal as he was escorted to the spot where he
will be shot which did not happened.
Josephine Bracken’s
Inconsistencies
She said that she attempted to enter the
cemetery where Rizal was buried but was
stopped by the guards and only gained entry
when he pushed them aside and them to
either shoot her or to detain her. This turned
her into an amazona.
Josephine Bracken’s
Inconsistencies
She said that she walked all the way to Imus
Cavite without her sister-in-laws knowledge
and was welcomed by Gen. Emilio
Aguinaldo where she described how she
fought on a horseback, shooting and killing a
Spanish officer like Gabriela Silang.
Josephine Bracken’s
Inconsistencies
Based on her records in Hong Kong, her
documents were tampered.
She claimed that they were married which
required Rizal to retract all of what he said
against the friars which was officiated by
Father Balaguer and witnessed by one of
Rizal’s sisters. But the truth was that, no one
from the family was there.
Naive or Clever
Josephine
Naive or Clever Josephine
After 15 years afetr Rizal’s death filed and demanded
the
following to Rizal’s family given to Ferdinand
Blumentritt:
Filed a suit against Doña Teodora to produce the
presumed “last will and testament” of her
“husband” ;
Give her cash;
Rizal’s library with more than 2,000 books;
Paintings in procession of Jose Ma. Basa in
HongKong
Naive or Clever Josephine
Reacting to her letter, Paciano sent a letter to
Blumentritt asking him to ignore Josephine.
Out of courtesy, Basa asked her to submit a
copy of her marriage contract but she failed.
Naive or Clever Josephine
In the years that followed, she married Vicente Abad
and on March 14, 1903 she died at the age of 26 due
to either tuberculosis or ulceration of the breast.
She was penniless and forgotten.
THE CONTINUING
REVOLUTION
THE CONTINUING
REVOLUTION
True to what are embedded in Rizal’s novels and
poems, his blood flowed
freely to deepen and ring, “What of the slaves of today
shall be tyrants of
tomorrow?”
Without Spaniards, Americans, and the Japanese, are
our values as a
people today better than what we had yesterday?
Are our masters today less corrupt and less tyrannical
than the olden
days?

Are we united as a people?

THE CONTINUING
REVOLUTION

Despite the lesson of our past, we have remained

to,erant and
indifferent that it took us 2 decadesto free ourselves
from our
lethargy in Marcos dictatorship, for us to finally move
into action
in 1986.

Due to our ningas cogon, in a whiff of a wind our

national heroes
like Rizal, Ninoy and the People Power are easily
forgotten.

THE CONTINUING
REVOLUTION

Our respective revolutions start from within us.

There was a call for unity and change in us,

reverberated in the
entire archipelago which has to wage consistently, over
and over
again.

Jose Rizal’s revolution is meant to outlived him, tomlast

through
the generations.