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Abstract— Recently new technique is available for • Mobile robot coordination, forecasting,
computation known as Soft computing. Soft computing is combinatorial problems etc.
based on natural as well as artificial ideas. Soft Computing
techniques are Fuzzy Logic, Neural Network, Support
Vector Machines, Evolutionary Computation and Machine
IV. WHAT IS A SOFT COMPUTING?
Learning and Probabilistic Reasoning. The present paper Soft computing differs from conventional (hard)
shows the techniques, applications and future of soft computing in that, unlike hard computing, it is tolerant
computing. The Soft Computing Techniques & applications
of imprecision, uncertainty, partial truth, and
is also highlighted in the paper.
Keywords: Soft Computing, Neural Network, FL, GA approximation. In effect, the role model for
Soft computing is the human mind.
The principal constituents, i.e., tools, techniques, of
I. INTRODUCTION Soft Computing (SC) are – Fuzzy Logic (FL), Neural
Soft Computing (SC) is an emerging field that consists Networks (NN), Support Vector Machines (SVM),
of complementary elements of fuzzy logic, neural Evolutionary Computation (EC), and – Machine
computing, evolutionary computation, machine learning Learning (ML) and Probabilistic Reasoning (PR)
and probabilistic reasoning. Due to their strong learning
and cognitive ability and good tolerance of uncertainty 2. Premises of soft computing
and imprecision, soft computing techniques have found ● The real world problems are pervasively
wide applications. imprecise and uncertain
● Precision and certainty carry a cost
II. WHAT IS COMPUTING?
3. Principles of soft computing
The discipline of computing is the systematic study of
algorithmic processes that describe and transform Exploit the tolerance for imprecision, uncertainty,
information: their theory, analysis, design, efficiency, partial truth, and approximation to achieve tractability,
implementation, and application. The fundamental robustness and low solution cost.
question underlying all computing is 'What can be
(efficiently) automated? 4. Implications of soft computing
● Soft computing employs NN, SVM, FL etc, in
III. WHAT IS HARD COMPUTING? a complementary rather than a competitive
● Hard computing, i.e., conventional computing, way.
● One example of a particularly effective
requires a precisely stated analytical model and
combination is what has come to be known as
often a lot of computation time.
"neurofuzzy systems.”
● Many analytical models are valid for ideal
● Such systems are becoming increasingly
cases. visible as consumer products ranging from air
● Real world problems exist in a non-ideal conditioners and washing machines to
environment photocopiers, camcorders and many industrial
applications.
1. Hard Computing
• Premises and guiding principles of Hard 5. Unique Property of Soft Computing
Computing are ● Learning from experimental data
• Precision, Certainty, and rigor. ● Soft computing techniques derive their power
• Many contemporary problems do not lend of generalization from approximating or
themselves to precise solutions such as interpolating to produce outputs from
• Recognition problems (handwriting, speech, previously unseen inputs by using outputs
objects, images from previous learned inputs
some of the features of each "parent." The elements • Soft Computing to Power Systems
(e.g. decision variable values) of existing solutions are • Neuro Fuzzy systems
combined in a "crossover" operation, inspired by the • Fuzzy Logic Control
crossover of DNA strands that occurs in reproduction of ● Machine Learning Applications
biological organisms. • Speech and Vision Recognition Systems
As with mutation, there are many possible ways to • Process Control and So On
perform a crossover operation -- some much better than
others -- and the Evolutionary Solver actually
VIII. FUTURE OF SOFT COMPUTING
employs multiple variations of two different crossover
strategies. • Soft computing is likely to play an especially
Selection. Fifth -- inspired by the role of natural important role in science and engineering, but
selection in evolution -- an evolutionary algorithm eventually its influence may extend much
performs a selection process in which the "most fit" farther.
members of the population survive, and the "least fit" • Soft computing represents a significant
members are eliminated. In a constrained optimization paradigm shift in the aims of computing. A
problem, the notion of "fitness" depends partly on shift which reflects the fact that the human
whether a solution is feasible (i.e. whether it satisfies all mind, unlike present day computers, possesses
of the constraints), and partly on its objective function a remarkable ability to store and process
value. The selection process is the step that guides the information which is pervasively imprecise,
evolutionary algorithm towards ever-better solutions. uncertain and lacking in categoricity.