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MocKBa, CocfiHftKa, yr. PojwflecTseHKH, a- 4/8. Tea. 1-51-SH.

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ByxapHH, H. T eopaa acTopaaecitoro MaTepHajuisMa. IIonyjiapHHfi y a e 6HHB M &ps-
cHCTCKoii coQHOjiorHH. Hsff. 2-e. C ip . 385. A . 85 k.
B 0Jib(|>C0 H, M. B. Oaepica oOmecTBOBeAeHHji. H sa. 3 e. CTp. 428. A . 70 k.
3 HH0 BbeB, T. h AenHH, H. IIpoxHB xeaeHBjr. CtfopHHK c r a ie f i. H 3a. 3-e. CTp. 555.
II,, 1 p. 20 k .
HayrcKHfi, K. K kphthko Teopaa a npaKTwca MapKcaaMa (*AHTn-<>epHiiiTefiH“).
Cxp. 2$7. A . 75 k.
HyHOB, r . BosHHKHOBeHHe p eA ara a h Bepti b 6 o ra. IlepeB. a npeA. H . CTena-
HOBa. H3A. 3-e CTp. 182. A. 35 K.
JleHHH, H. (YjlbflHOB, 8 .). Co6paBH0 CO^HHeHHH. Tom II. OROHOMHaeCKHQ 3TI0AH H
CTaTbH (1394—1899 r .r .). CTp. 552. A . 1 p. 30 k . b n a n .
E ro w e. Co6 paHHe coanHeHafr, t. III. P a 3BHTae KanHTaaasMa b P o cch b . CTp. 548.
A . 1 p. 30 k. b nan.
Ero m e. Cofipanne coaHHenafi, t. IV . „Hcicpa“ 1900—1903 r . r . H sa . 2-e. CTp. 364.
II. 80 b .
Ere w e . CoSpaHHe coaaHeHHft, t . V I. 1905 ro;*. CTp. 528. A . 1 p.
Ero w e. Co6paHae cohhhghhh, t . V II, a . I . 1905 — 1906 r . r . Ot oKTafipa 1905 r .
Ao p o cn ycaa 1 - i rocyAapcTBen. AyMM. Cxp. 352. II. 70 b ., b nanice 80 k .
Ero w e . Co6paHiie co a a a e iiaif, t . V II, a II. 1905—1906 r . r . OTpocnyoKa l- f t r o c y * .
x y it u ao H a aa a a H36npaTejiBH. KaMnaHaa bo 2-io Toe. f lj u y . CTp. 303.
II. 75 k ., b n a n . 1 p.
Ero w e. CotfpaHae coaimeHBH, t . V III. 1907 r . CTp. 663. A . 1 p.20K ., b n a n . 1 p . 26 k .
Ero w e. Co6p a n ii 0 coaHHeHii#, t . X. M aTepaaaasM a SMiuipHOKpHTHaaaic.
Orp. 328. II. 65 k ., b n a n . 70 k.
Ero w e. Co6paHHe coaaHeHHft, t . X IV , a . I. EypucyaaHaa pesoAioiufa 1917 r . Ot
, ^eBpajitcKoft peBOJuon,HH a ° hjoabckhx Aneft. H sa- 9-e. CTp. 324. A- 1 p. b n a n .
[Ero w e. Co6paH ae coaneeinift, t . X IV , a . II. EypacyasH an peBOJUOAaa 1917 r . Ot
y 1 HIOJIbCKHX AHefi A® OKTa6pLCK°{| peBOJIIOAHH. H 8A* 2-e; CTp. 536.
i i\ H- 1 P- 45 k ., b n a n . 1 p . 50 k.
Erg >H9- Co6paHHe coanHeHiift, t . XV. IIpojieTapnaT y BAacm. 25 o k t. 1917 r . —
! V 31 Aeic. 1918 r . CTp. 692. II. 1 p. 20 k ., b n a n . 1 p. 80 k .
Ero w e J O o ^ aim e coaimeHHft, t . X V II. HpojieTapaaT y BJiacTH. 1920 r . CTp. 477.
A. l 4j).v 26 k . b nan.
Ero w e. Co6p1iHli6a coanHemift, t . X VIII, a . I. EpoJieTapaaT y BJiacTH. 1921 r .
,. OTp. 4 5 5 . {a . 1 p. 50 k. b n a n . .
Ero*we.>Co 6paHae coaaaeH aft, t . XIX. HaijHOHaAkHuft Bonpoo. (OraTLH 1910—
21 -r. r .) . C t/ . 300. II. 50 k.
’ SVIspnc, K. h SHreAbc, <P. IIojiHoe co 6paHae coaHHeHiift. T . III. HcTopaaeoKae
p a 6 o T H . C ip. 519. A. 1 p.
Mx w e. KoMMyHBCTHaecKBfi MaHa$ecT. C BBeAeHaeii a npaM . A* P a 3aHoBa. H3a* 2-e,
Crp. 339. A . 70 k ., b nanKe 75 k.
JWapKc, K. K anaTaji. KpaTinca nojiHTaaecKoii bkohomhh, t. I, kh. I. JIpoaeoo<npo-
asBOACTBa KanaTajia. IToa peA> H. C TeuaaoBa a B . E asapoB a. CTp. 767.
A. 2 p.
Ero w e. KanaTaji. KparaKa noA irraa. skohomhh, t . II, kh. II. Ilpon ecc copameH aa
• K a n a ia a a . II oa peA- H. CTenaHOBa a B . EasapoB a. C ip . 199. A- I P- 50 k.
Erow e . K anaTaa. KpaniK a noAHTaaecicoft 9 kohomhh, t . I l l , a . I. Upoaeoo
KanaTaAHCTaaecKoro npoH3 BOACTBa, BSHTbift b aeAOM. IIoa peA» B . B a sa -
poBa a H. CTenaHOBa. CTp. 447. A . 1 p.
Ero we. KamrraA. Kphthku noAHTaaecKofi skohomhh, t. Ill, a. II. Ilp o iie c c n ann -
TaAHCTaaecKoro nponsBOACTBa, B a a ra fi b aoaom. IIoa P©a. H . CTenaHOBa
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Efo w e. HameTa $ haoco$ bh . OTBeT Ha „<J>haoco$ hio HHmeTH" IIpyAOHa. C npeA.
a npHMea. ^>. OHroA^ea. CTp. 165. A- 50 k . •
Ero w e. 3aM eaaH aa a a nporpaMMy repMancKofi paSoaefi nap’r a a . KpaTBKa roicKOH
nporpaMMH. C BCTynaT. cxaTbea K. Kopma. IlepeB. H. A . AAeKceeBa.
C ip . 97. A. 20 k . - T_
(IjiexaHoe, T. B . OcHOBHwe Bonpocu MapKCH3Ma. C npeA- A- P a 8aH0’'a . H sa. 3-e.
C ip. 126. (B h 6 a . H&yaH. Coq. noA. A* PasaH ona). A . 35 k.
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 — 17 —

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 — 21 —

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 — 22 —

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ftHeM, hto pocT KaniTTana conpo©oSKpaercH poeroM
npojioTapHaTa, npoacHeHHeM j©ro ©03HaHHH, yBenHHe-
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HpojiorapHaT tio®© TpeSyeT ce6© MecTa Ha nupy
JKH3HH, h HeM ^aJtbnie, TeM Sojibme y rp o * a e T rocn'Ofl,-
cTBy 6ypsKya3HH. H 6ypHtya3HaH MopaJib .HaHtraaeT
npOTeppeBaTb hobh® r h k ji BBMeneHHS. B y p js y a bcho-
MHHaST 0 CBOOfl CTapolfl; BHaKOMOt, XpHCTHalHCKO®
MopajiH, BOTopaa TaB xopomo flepataaa ,b y 3fl© Ha-
poyCHbce iMaocH bo bp©mh roenomcTBa apucTOBpaTHH h
BOTOpyiO 'OH TaB JieKrOJHHCJieHHO OtWbHBHJI HOHyjKHoSt
h Bpe^Hot. Ha cuopin,oiriio\t Jinn;© 9to® cTapymKii oh
PaHHHaer OTBpHBaTL pJOBBe flOCTOHHeTBa, BOTOpHX a e
3aM©miI CBOpHHa b phh cboo® HCTOpHHecBO® mojio-
 — 26 —

POCTH. ;H BOT MH HpiICyTCTByeM ,npH BOOKpeCOHHH H3

MepTBHX 9T0® M o p ajin . B A^etpHKie H A h t jih h , r p e
jinpeM epH ie h xaHSKecrBO c p e p n b h c ih h x .BJiacooB q e o
d e n n o paaBHTO, MaaEEHO H ad jiro p arb rraK yio K a p rH p y :
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® nponoB©BpHBOM c BBaHPe'jmeM b p y it a x h roeopH T
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eTB a, n o 3aTO H ac o*H paK >r b o t o h b M yBK Ha tom
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■ h o c t h . C'TapHft J io s y H r : «pe'HCiTBy!a K ajK pH ii H a
c r o f t c r p a x h p®cK », H aH HHaer repirn> CBOiot p e n y
b lOidipecrroe 'K anH rajiacT O B. «HaJeHJDie H ap JiHHHOiCTbio»
HaHHHaer inpaKTHBOBarbca b c p e p e nareHTOBaHHHX
aaipHTHHKiOfB icBodopH iKOHBypenpHH Boei iH aip e h n a ip e ,
m r p a Pro- tH BJK erca BeadxopHM HM b iH H rep ecax B oero
d yp acyasH io ro iK Jiacca. B c h b h P r e n e p e m H u ft o B p o n eP -
 — 27 —

cKHit fiypjptya HecpaKHSWHOi 6oa©e po&KH!® .jinSepaji b

ofijiacTH toopaan ,H6M ©no h -npafle^ anox® -peso-
JHOHHH. I I XOTK B HpaKTHHaCBO® '5KH3HH, B 0:OTOB0 3 a
Haejia3Kji,©H(HfflaviH- BCHBonoi p o jja m i a a e r o .AaftcTBH-
T0JIBHO1h o t E jiK aK oa M o p a a n , y Herb' oTHHMaer&s h 3 h k
cK a3aTB T e n e p t n o n p iiM e p y cB o e ro f l ^ n a : «posio;Bt B o a- 1
K yio MopaJib)).
Ho at©' B03ji[e crrapaa .MOpajib oTbpaoHBaeroa sea
pejiHKOM KaK neHyacHbdt xaaM h o b h m KJiaeeoM.
KaK BBOHOMHaH XOSHftKa, BHKpaHBatOipaa H3 crrapo®
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n a m e B a n B a e r c a b c r a p u e m©xh. B K a n e c iB e apK ono
n p r a e p a to b o , KaK o ^H a a T a m a GHareMa M iqpaan
MOJKeT CJiyjKHTH-paaHbLM KJiaCCaM:, MOOKHO np'HJBieCTH fTy
* e xpHCTnaHCiKyio M opaJib. Bonn, M e m a s e h no-
BaHBHiiiacifl iS y p K y a bhAHU b btom, |©a b h o o k h © pjoieToiaB]-
cTBa, o h h npHnHCHBaaoT OTo rroMy, >hto p e xpucTH aH - '
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n o a H a npoTHBOpeaH® h ©a. M oacao ToaKoBaTBi KaK
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UOAXOAHT K ©no JIIiTopCMMUl. KJiaC© (HO-CBiOeMyi
ToaK O Baa pa3H H e i i j h k t h xpHciniaHCKO®. M o p a a n ,
B K aaflH B aa b hhxi cavtuica, noflCK asaeH H ® &My ©no
HHTepecaMH.
 — 28 —
t

R an p a 3pHBa©TCia: |Ha H ae™ xpHCTnaHCBaa: Mopajib

pasnHHHHMH 'raxaccaMH, Kan caMHe npoTHBonoWojKHHe
HHTepepH tom^mJ^HBajiHiGb lacHJiBatoi Ha ynepKBe X pn-
c m , MOJKHO BHflOTb Ha iCOTHHX 'HpHMBpOB H3 HCTOpHI-I
H H3 CO!BpeM0HH'O® 5BH3HH.
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seMjiHpH 6h no'BopHjr (MysKHiB nepen; peBOJiio-
n,He8 , o 6parn,a.HCb k SapuHy. ■
«He iiojKenafi HHHero, ©jihbo eyxb fijmsBHer© tbo-
e r o » , —iiaxjiaBHTeJibHO OTBenaeT He nosaSbiBmHft hh-
caniiH 6 apiiH.
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JieBTb, TO BBaHTBJIbOKH'e pa3P0B0p.H saKaHHHBaJIHCb,
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caa. MyjKHKOB |&ecnoin,a#HO toopoJin h paccTpejiHBajiii,
a KpecTbHHo oTBenajiH Ha 9x0 .ySnfl'eTBOM noMem,H-
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BJiaCTHM yCTaHOBJieHHHM^ B'Oe 9TH M!OpajIbHH0 aano-
Be/pi xpHCTHaHCTBa 9kcnjioaTaTopH pa3HHx crpaH npe-
BpacHO Hcn'0aib30BaJiH, 'HtoiSh ionpaBji;aTb cbo© rocno/j;-
c tb o nan; MaccaMH. HaO'6opoT, see, h t o c c t b b OBan-
rejiHH seMOHpaTHHecBoro, h t o HanpaBJieHO nporHB
 — 29 —

6orancTBa, HepaseiicTBa BCHKoro popa, see &to iie-

noJibaoBajm MaccH b cbo©0 dophde c yraeraTejiaMH,
DocKOjibKy h q nOiUHHMajiHiCb o o s p a p p jl 'codcrBeHHo®
HOBoii Mopajni, 11 h© oeBodoajpaaHCB obohHaTeHLHo or
peneft pejmniH. ^aaae npojierapHar Ha nepBHx cra-
PHax cBoefl KaiaccoBotfi 6opb6H eip© nHTaercH ypep-
JKaTbCH Ha JIIIHHII xpHCTHaHCKOSB MOpajIH, H XpiICTOlC
npeflCTaBJiHerca mHofhm pyKOBOpHTeaiHM padoaero
PBHJK6HHH TOTQl BpCMOHH H6M-T0' B pOfl© HepBOrO COpna-
jpicTa. Ho pajibH©0 niiee pa3BHTH© j&jiaccoBOii dopbdu
H cn p aB JiaeT a ™ omiidKK pereTBa npojiexapcBOiro pbh-
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CBH3L e periXHTHO3HHMH HyxaMH.

Tak H a 3 b i B a e M b i e — BeHHbie M o p a j i b H b i e
HCTHHbb
Ho HeyJKfeJin iH0JiOB©HecTBo ea cboio MHor'OBeKOByio
HCTOpHIO TaK H H© MOOTIO BHpadiOiraTh TaEHX MOpaJIb-
h h x TpedoBaHnS, KOTopme 6hjih 6h |oda3aTejE®aH p m
B c e x jiBpeii, HecMoxpta na cyipeoTByroipue Meacpy
H1IMH npOTHBOpeHHH B HHTOpecaX H KOTOpH© OTpa-
SKajiH dii o6nxHOGTb HHTepieeoB sceroi HejioBeaecTBa,
KaK Bppa, B dopbde c npupopoii? Bepb ecib * e Ta-
kh© Bonpoeti, KaK Bonpoc o pohhooth caMot jkhshh
>i©,:iOBCK.;i, Bonpoc o peuioerH Boepoi popa HejioBme-
pBoro', HaKOHep, paKHie K aaeoTBa, KaK ©c®e©Tb, h o c t-
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TeJibcfTBO, ppyoocTb— c ppyroH.
HaaaeM c nepB'or© B o n p o ca h ho n o B o p y H3BecTH0ft
©BaHnembicKolt :3anoBepH «h © ydpfi» n p o ii3B ep eM aH-
KCTy Cpe:PH pia3JTHHHUX KJiaCOOB.
 — 30 —

OSpaTHMca cnepea k ayxoBOHCTBy Kan, Handoaieei

KOMneTeHTH'OMy b nHcamm. «Kono'iiio, ydHficiiBO—
rp e x,— 'orBenaer HaM darfoniKa, ho... ho BejiL Xpacrooc
H3raajx Topryroiipix H3 xpaMa». H Ha tom ochobjiihhh,
h to XpncToc H3HHaji BepoBKo/i CBOiit Topryionpix a s
xpaMa, cjiyjKHTejiH pepiKBH npm nap© «HanyTiciTteO‘-
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H3,ro:HfljiH «b JiyHinHit Miip» 3a dopbdy c BanHTaJiO'M.
Ohh «HanyTeTBOBajm» aaKwe mHjijihohh aione®, bo-
Tti'pHX niajiH Ha ydoift bo; bcox BOftHax rocnoiA'orByio-
jp a e K J ia c c H . ' ’

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cTBOr—r p e x , HO1.. . h o ©&hh ,ko m ho 3aji©3eT b aM d ap Bop
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cK ajK or o h , — y 6 H®cTB0t B©:m,b H e x o p o in a a , h o . .. Ho
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craH K aM H ry C aT rrp o M B n n neH H oem .
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toirpaHHHHTeabHHX ,«Ho»,; to* b jnepeBo-nie; |a> caaBaHCKoro
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cTpeaHBaft no Melpjei BaaJodnoeTH. Thkhm odpaaoM hh
OiHHH H3 BaJKHeltniHX BOnpOCO'B, Ha BOHp'OlO O 5KH3HK
HoaoiBeKa .nefterayioipaH Miopaab aa©T otbot BBoaHe
b ,Ayxe KaaocoBHx HHrepeoo®.
Ho ©can ne oT^enbHaa HeaoBeHecKaa 5KH3lHb, to,
dbTTb MO*eT, HHTepecH BioerO’ HeaoBOHecTBa, hht©p©ch
ooxpaHeHHa naeMfeHH aoaafHH 6h dHTb bccm aopora,
HeoMOTpa Ha pa3HHHHe HHTOpeco® KaaccoBHx, T.-e.
 — 31 —

HHrepeooiB BpefieHHHX, n p e x o p H ip iix , M e aaro n p tx c H ?

HnMaJio.
«fJ>paHi],n,a BHpoJKiHaeroH, h o g m o t p h t © Ha, Hamero
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no6opaMH, ao©ejiH p© HHipeTHH(f>H3HHecBopo ynapKa,
no*ajMttTe Sypyipee paniett popHHH h Hameit pa-
c n » , — POBopHT <|)piaHii,y3eKHtt gyp w ya nepep pe©ojno-
npett, ©SparpaHCb H apneroiKpaTy.
«rk>ejie Hae ixpTi>iHiorip'n»,— ©TBenaeT seeejio to t, po-
nuBtui 'dyrHJiKy maafinaHCKOPo.
« n O iG M O T p H T O , HapiIH JXHJieeT G IKaJBPHM ropo'M: HOP

BJiHHHueM H3HypHTejibH0P0' Hpypa Ha Bam ux $a6pn-

icax,— POBOpHT aHrjiHttcKirtt apacTOKpaT HOBOMy ro'-
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pacra, noKa BHpoiatpeHH© Haeejienna ho Bananaer
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cjiobom, onacHooTb Jhe HaHEnaer yrpojKarb TOMy ace
6ypaK,yaaHOMy KapMany, po| TOjibbo! c pp>yroP ©TopoHu.
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BeH eictBa 3ain,Hiii;aioTOH, : i » r p a o to co ® n ap aeT e K Jiae-
c o b h m h iiin 'e p e e a M ii. 'A B o r p a noejiepH H © BCTynaror
b npoTHBopeHH© o HHTepeeaMH p o p a , c nHTepecaMH
 — 32 —

Qon,naJibHoro pa3BHTHn, t o npencTaBHTOjiH toix> hjih

HHoroi KJiacca HHit'oF/ta' 'ho sapyMaiOTGH imocTaBHTb cboh
rpynn-OBH© HHmepecu Ha nepBHH m ia H , h h x Mopajib
ctoht Ha-CTpa»e npeiJK^a coero hx KJiacooBNx hh-
TOpeCiOB 1). | !
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CBOeH peHTOJIbBOCTH, .paiCXOpflCb B HOHHTHHX pOOpa H
3 Jia ,,pa.3JiHHHbiie K JiaccH b o e y rp e e T B Jie e p H c b o h x p e -
j i e t , b c p e p c iB a x k p© jih M o ryT p o e rH rH y rb M o p ajib -
HOBO epHH0MHCJIH.fi ? BhTIx MOJKCT, OHH ICOrJiaCHH, HTO'
opHK cp ep eT B a jxoponiH , MopajibHO ponycTH M H , a p p y -
r a e HeT? B h tb m o jk o t, bo B 3rJiH p e n a n p a B p h b o c tb ,
HOCTHOCTb, BepHOCTb CJIOBy OHH BO© COHJiaCHH?
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B MHpe HH aSOOiJHOTHO HpaBCTBeHHOrO1, HH a6COJIIOrHO
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5Ka'Tb 3HaMH HOCTHOCTH H BepHOCTH CBOOMy CJIOByi HO
OTHomoHHio k oro1rocHopHiiy h k pa,BHbiM ce& e. Ho o h
pejiaeT pa3JiHHHe jMeKpy Hejio®eKOM cboopoi Rpyra h
KaB0*-HH6yHb nepHbio. DSMaHyTb nepBOirO' pjiff hopo
SoJibiHoe MopajibHO© tnpocrynJieHHe,1 a no o-momeHHio

*) B o o 6 m e b E jiaccoB O M o u m e c T B e iiH T e p e cb i H e jio B e n e c T B a , n a n

B H u a, 3a m r im a e T o fibiK H O B em io ((jiaK T n aeC K H , a He H a c a o B a x t o jib k o )
c a M b itt n e p e jo B O ft iu ia c c o 6 m e c T B a , noTOM y h t o i i m e p e c b i c o i p m b -
n o r o p a 3BHTHfi, H H T ep ecH 6ysymero H e jro B e n e c T B a co B n a n a iO T c
e r o K ia c c o B U M H H H ie p e c a M ii. TaK H M o fip a 3 0 M, iiH T e p e c b i BH jia n e
n jie io T Taic C K a3a i b n o cT o aH H o ft K B a p r a p H b ia a c c o B O M o6 m ;ecTBe
ii M en aioT ee c n e p e x o a o M .B J ia cx n ot o jn o r o K n acca k jp y r o a y .
 83 —

ko BTopoft— Bee cpo;jCTBa xoporan. A' b o t KoifrroTcnt-

nuft b cboom Aene K.ynem npjiMO roBopirr: ne o6Ma-
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th k onHTb nee no ero co6cTBenHOM.y 3aHBjieiniio tojibko
noroMy, hto necrnocTb b ToproBie C T ana BHroxn it.
B oOrpcM aKpiiH npaBAta h nee raooTn, c o noil c t p >
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niiiftcH b pejiax OaiiKpor, x b jt c t c i 3a b c 1 cpoa i n ,
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b T a jia n T a x , KOTopne O y n y r AOKa3HBaTb, h to jio .k b
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 — 34 —

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 — 37 —

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 — 38 —

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 — 41
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 — 42 —

co6hocth Bcerfla pacnopHHcaliieH cbohmh coflJieHaMH

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 — 43 —

Tp&HH-fTH lOdcTaflOBKa o dipecT B a, T en 6 o jie e o h e K p irr

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 — 44 —

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doHero h h h x o th d u nacoB b 6, c o iin a jiim iiiiH o p y -
 — 47 —

A ll! npOH3 BO'AOTBa H u p ., OAUHQt C.JIOBOM, Bcero Toro,

h to t o a b r o ohh x o r y T npeSjpojKEcn* caMoro jiyH inero,
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dyAi>, t o p a sse a h ih b A n a Him1 OAHoro h t w o aee
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odxoAHMo icTpeMHTbcto k ooHHaAHSMy. T p e d y io , htoQ
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 — 48
TaKSK© b p yx© cb oh x K ia c e o B tix p erieft n r t o c c o b h x
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6 w j o a a r o a isuepcA,
 — 49 —

TCJTbTIIill CpOK, eCJIII 6 MaTepHaJTbHbTG ilTTTT'pCCtiT

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ne cooTBercTByeT ero HcropjfHecKoft poaii h i aannofl
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BKJiio'iaerca b o S m y io cucreMy itaro iorim n Bcex
nopM, eorop Lie naxoflHTca na cjiyw6e K-nacconoro
iiirrepcca. Bojioe Toro, ecjin no othothphtiio k B^pxy-
nie'iiibfM ojicMGHrast imeo jiophk, jianeKo o t raamiiM
o t oKoiioMii’iccKoro (JynjtaJteHTa, mojkho nyTey ana-
Jin3a ycranoB inb 3a.BHCHMoeTb o t 9 Kono\nriecKoro.
ociioimniiH, to tom fiojieo b oSjiacxii Mopa.iifi, t . - c . b
oOaacTH nopM npaKTii'iecKoii ,n;enre;ibnocT[i, cbjtsb
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oyp/Kyasmi b nepnoa; y c Merino ro naKoirrenim h
pacmnpennoro Bocnpoii3B jpcrBa K^imaufCTiiEecKoro
xo3HflcrBa pyKOBoacTBoraJiacb eBinrejibCKiixi npaBii-
jiom nacner pySaniKii, KOTopyio p 3KOMJH.nyeTc.il ot-
aaTb «djIIX5KHCXiy», H Biiecio Toro, HTOSa KOIipCHTpiI-
0, MtpaJIff I KaaCCOBUS HOpMftX, 4
 pcBHTL K an H xaji ;u ih p acin n p o H H o ro n p o H B B o acrxa,
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3X0 HejiaJiO; fen .iicbobmo/KHHM Kaniit<urncTHHeeKpe! upo -
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IH,OM npOTHBOp0 HH,H :h« TOJIbROi C jy3K0 MHTfpiiajIbHblMK
HHTepecaiMH uviaeoa KacMrajracTOiB., ho h c HirrepecaMH
okohom h hock or,o paaBjtma o 5 iu,ecxK i n a e r a Kaniiia-
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hto yrHexeHHHft KJiacc He scorfla coairaex cboh o r a c -
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HaX'OHHTbiCH B HOOOOTOexCTBHH C ©P01 KJiaCCOBUMH
HHTepecaiMH. yrHexeHHbtlt KJiacc paHbrne ckjm/Cei-
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nojceHHH h 3aHHMaex O'npenejieHHoe icopnajibHo© Me-
cro no oTHO'iueHHJo k npyrnM KJiaoeaM .o^mecTBa 11
xodibKo BaxeM, HHor,xa xryxeat iffiwirojiexHero' o$opMJie-
hhh CBoero KJiaccoBoro coaaaHHH, npeBpam aorcH b
KJiacc eefoi» («fur sich»), x.-e. b KJiacc, oco-
HHaBuurii cboh HHTepecH 11 caMO'onpeaeJiHBmHHCH b
odcxaHOBKe oKpymaioipHx ©ro ftpyrnx laraocoB. H
box, noKa yrrieroHHuit K.jiacc ©mo -He caMoonpefle-
jihjich TaKiiM ofepaooM, oh b HSBecxmxa iiepno;i.
 — .51 —

CBoero cymeeiBOBaiHHiH pyKOBO^ei B y otch h o cbohmh,

ew y np'HcymiiMH, KJlaocoBHMH nopMaMH, orB©Haio-
miiMH e r o KJiacooBHM HHTepecaM, a H ^ er Ha noBOiay
rocHO^CTByiomiett M opajra, T .-e. MopajiH oboh om bhockh
h n o ji hth hbckh roiCiHOHCTBy k m e r o RJiaeca.
lloah.Mi'M hjih npHMepa padoHHft EJiacc, na sape
pa3BHTHH KaHHTaJIHCTHHeCKOPO CnOCOSa II po H3Bi>AC f Ba.
Khk KJiacc HaeMHHX padonHX, nponaiouuix pa-dony©
CHJiy KanHTajiy, oh yace cym;ecTByeT. Ho oh Ha-xo-
HHTch enje b HJieHy y MopajiH SypsKyaaHoro KJiacca.
Oh oth ochtch r H iioiH iyry HacTHofi codcTBehhocth
Ha opyftH-a npoHSBiOACTBa, khk b n m y - io Heripejio-JK-
bowy, TOTecTBeHHOiMy. BHHyvuyiymrnii cbohmbboeoomh-
HBCKHM HOJIOWeHHHM HpHMeHHTb CTaHRy B Sopbfit
aa ynyH uieH H e C B o ero HaTepHajibHoro- tioJioaceHHB.
oh CMOTpHT ©me na Hee, KaK Ha tto -to Bpone npe-
cTyiureHHH h He noTOMy ■ tojibkoi, h to saKopoiAa.Tejib-
ctb o cHiiraeT e© npecrynjieHHeM;, ho, noxoMy, htO' oh
einy ne bhcbo6o,hhjich H3 nneHa oSipecTBeHHpro MHeHiui
oypjKyaaHOro KJiaeca, sanyraH, podo®. Ero xpaBHT bo
ppeMH teauHK-H, tean BBepia, BHpea.BineroeH H3 RjieTKii,
ii m y paMOMy icoCToHHHeijpiHTejibHofi ’c-TaBeHHOii dopb-
6 h KaJKieTCH HeecrecirBeHiiHM h HOTepiniMUH. Oh khk
6h nyBcTByeT MopaJibHy© OTBexcTBeHHocTb. 3a np©i-
CTofi jvfamHir. 3a. yGax'KH xoaaraiy. O h em je He pa3fl:e-
jiajiea! c /HaBH3aHHHM m y leipo 9RGnn©ajTaT0p&M;H npein;-
cTaKiieHHe.M', hto xobhiih, ,na©ir[jH|H ewy paoo-ry, ero
KOpM,HT. B 9 TOT nepHOH: ’OH BCHH0CKH HipeT KOMnpo-
MH©ca c MopajibKi cbohx xoaaeB, oh nH raoTcx h3bh-
HHTb CBO© 6 o p b 6 y C TOHKH 3p6 HHH HpHBHHHHX ftJIH
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4*
 — 52 —

RaR 0h rrpocnr in B ir n e m m y iic-'opim 3a to, nro on

y n te c y m ,eciB yeT Kait K/iacc. H nepB bre p p 't r h j n o -
n L rn m n a rn y n a tb im eoJiorii'iecK O O o rrp iB .ta n e ji ir
CBoett OopbOu o h flejiaer, ra K c R W T b , BHyTpii iu e -
o jio r im a R c n jio a ra T o p o B : o n o c m ijc jth b io t cboo K,nac-
co b o c n o jio jR o iu ie n ({w pM yjinpyeT c b o ii KJiaccoaue
miTcpocu. B p y M a n iiH x p e-aiirn o jiiH X cpopM ax, n c n o jib -
3 y n npoTiiBopc'iHH x p iic x iia n c K o ro y n e n n n 11 xpticrrr-
aiiCKOii M op ajin . B .naJibHelimeM: o h , no;x b jiiih iiiic m
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b t o x n p y n e jia x , b ita K iix 9 tp iiv jk iio fljiH o n p .B ji m i a
c ra n K ii n j p a oe y e n o in n o r o iic x o jia . O .i y .ic c n o i -
B ep racT M op aJib iio u y h nacTO M iT ep n aab n o M y 6 ft-
KOTy xu rp cllK 6p ex cp o B , n o c Tan icy onparsjuiB acrr, ixc-
x o n n dco c m o 113 ro c n o n c T B y to m u x n p 3 .a c T a B io n :n l 11
iio p a jn i TOBapnoro xo3JiftC T B a: n J ia r a 3 a paCSory « c n p a -
BCAJiiiByio n jia a y » , T .-e. b oomsM n u eaoM c p e :moio
p u iio n n y io p o n y pa&oncii c i n n . B 3 t o t n e p i o i n p o -
jie ra p n a T c in e n e n p e i e n n y e r n v B3io n p 16 .B on n yio
croHMOCTb ii 9T0 o n e n b npico OTpaHUOlCH m 0 :0
oOuHHoft M opajin b 9 p o t n e p n o fl, n a n p .iM c p . M ap 'Jiri
c p r ju ie r o a n rJ in iic K o r o Tpa rbioH iioim eT a, K oxopaji hb-
JIHCTC51, B CymilOCTII, OCOSUM « JI0 M0 KpaTII HOCK!IM» 113-
jiamiCM oSm cS.vpacyaanoi'l M opm n, n p ri'n o c Grreano:!
jijih pafio'icro 6 lir a . II t o t b r o b caeayioai'nrt nep:i< a
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n a y ra n o ii 9kcn Jio aiatop cico il n jio o .ro n iii 11 M op’jn i
ii nan n iiaeT B lip 1. G oth Barb 11 ocoin aB iT b <jbo;i coo-
c tb c h h u o icjiaccoBiie nop jiH , oiBenaiom H e 3ajiaHair
o ro KuaccoBQH GopbGu. i y ’ ,
 — sa­

i l s ST oro n p m te p a m h movkom E m e r a , h t o M'pa.:ib

B c e r a a © craercH b kac.ccobom oS.pecrB c K ia c c . n o !t,
HO HaCTO KJiaCC pyKOBOACTI:yCT(;H MjpjJIblO flp yioro
K Jiacca, KoropoMy oh 9kohomhh©ckh noAHimeu n e
UoomoMij Ojui
HAoojioriieii icoroporo eipe ne pa30pBa.11.
yznembHHUx KAaccoe ux cn en w fim ecK u e KAaccoeue
HOpMbi m d o ucnamb hs s nepuod 3 ipoM demiu s m u v
n n accoe u ne ua n ep eu x mazax ux KAascoeju 5op>>6bi, i/
a e nep ucd cfpopMAenun n jix c a « Ia,a ce5a», e ne u d
pe3Kux KAaccoebix cmoAKHOeenuu c epaxcde'Hbutu
KAaccaMU,jHCLKOHei!/e nepuod zocnodcmea hocozo KAac­
c a 0 OKOHoMune u noAumime cm p a m i.
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Jie© TOHiioe 11 donee itaynnoe o np eA eacm ie MopaAH no
cpaBHemiio e tcm , kotophm mh AOBOJiberBOBajmch ,n.o
cu x nop. . ;' ; ;

C ym ecT B yeT jih n p o jis ia p c K a s i M opajib.

E c a h Bc.Hiia.ji jMopanb jrBjijierc;i RjiacooBoS MopaJibio,
e c a ii A aate aMopaAHSM, T .-e. OTpunamie b chk oi! mo-
p a a ii, b odcTaiioBKe KAaccoBoro oomecTEa, 0 3 iia riacT b
c y m n o c n i 3aMeny c i a p j f l MopaAii noBoft, R oropyio
to a b k o n e na3HBaioT othm HMene-M, t o ecTecTceau
TenepL B03HHKaeT Bonpoc, h e r ate o S c to iit fleao
KJiaccoBoii n poA erapcR ofl MopaAbio. B o -n ep B u x, c y m e -
CTcyex a ii o na Eoooipe, a ocah eym ociB yeT , k .kobo
ec MaTepiiaAbHoe coAepjRanno k.ik b n ep a o A AO,
TaK II HOCA6 COmiaAbllOIf pCBOJIIOHIIII.
Ciiana.na nano cnasarb ineKOAbRQ c a c b 0 repMnno-
A o n iii. IIoa Mopuibio 1 aiibme, T.-e.,, CAeACBj.Tc.Jibm,
b orpoiuioM SojibniHHcrBS c a y n a c B , icorA-i coj& igo
 — 54 —

STO cjIobo, itohhmejxh h o r H a e r i i n o -

y n o T p e d jiH J io c b
HHMa*rr h Tenepb TaKyio cncTOMy nopM h npaBHJi
noBepeiiHH, Koiopbie irpirsnaioToa adooJiKmaiMH n
odmeodnsaTiejibHHMH. To, hto psKOMOHnyer nejiaTb
. Ta hjih HHaa Mopajib, paiocMaTpHBajroiCb He KaK npocio
HymHoe, nojieaHoe, HejreeoodpasHoe . h jih KJtaoea, a
DanpaimpoBa.Tincb TyMaiiHo® MH^oaomneeko® edojim-
ko®. H bi HacTHOcTii HHTepecu Boer-o popa. Bcero
KojuieKTHBa, Bcero Kjiaioca njaBHJin na ico3HaHiie jikh-
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bh® HHTepec h nnpeKTHBa ROjuieKniBa: ne.na,Tb b
HHTepecax KoauieismBa are, H e j& s m > aToroi, a xaKme
B MHicTHHeeKO® ©idojioHK© «rojioca cob©cth». 9 jo otoo-
deHHO HpiCO BHGTynaJIO TO-rna, BOrnH JIHHHHe, HHTe-
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pejioro, h nojieM cpameHBH Memny jihhhumii h koji-
JieKTHBHHMH HHTepOCaMH 6HJI0 COOTaHIie IIHHHBIIfly-
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TaK: HOCTynHTB jih c n©,iib30® fljLH CBoero KJiacca
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(|iopMy npHHHMajia b c©3HaHHH oTneJibHoro HJielna
RJiaeca, naiipHMep, v n ie m o M o ro M a c e a , dopbda e ro
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Hie® pesKO npoTHBOfpeHHTb eroi Kna.cooBHM, HHi’e pecaM)
M opajin n p y r o r o KJiacca] npHHHMaer b e ro eosira-
h h h <|)opMy dopbdH OHHoiit MopanbHo® h c th h h c
flp yro ® .
 5'5 —4

U pH T ia k H X yiC JIO B H H X eC T O C T B eH H O 1 B 0 3 H H K a e T BO*

iip o e , - n ,e ,!io c o O '5 p a O T O jih : n o jib a o B a r b C H T epH unaM H
M O p aJIb ,9THKa, HpaBCTBeH SHt, Of! n i p IB c T B O H I I W il H
t. 3 . b cpepje .T akoroi n jia c c a , E.oiTOp&rM. n e to jib k o
He (|K!TrilHlI3Hp'V0T CBOHX II HVJRKX KJiaOCOBNX HOpM,|
a H a o P o p o T , B cestep iio 3aHHTcpeeoBa.ii p a a o S j i a H H T b mii-
(JonorHHecRoe opeaHHe Mopa.au. r^e 6h o h o h h npn-
K pHBajio BeebMa. npoaa.Hh o c k h e e o p n ajib H b ie nine- ,
p ecH ii o.oim aJibH M e n p o p e c c b i. ‘
Ha sonpoc m o * © t 6 b ir b 3 Ba OTBeTa.
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b K J ia e e o B O M o O ip e c r B e B cerp a. Oiiii n r p a jiH ohohb
B a S K lH y K 1 p O JI B B O O p H a JI b H O fl JK H 3 H H , B H aCT H 'O CTII
b Hpopeceax KJiaiecoBO'ft SopbCn. 9 n r HopMH O’Sjieka-
jihcb b MH(|x»Ji.oriHiecKoe o^eanne, ho bto 'othkhB'
H0 Memajio hm (aa*© HanporHB) bhhojihhtb o n p e -
30.:iohh.vio (fiyHRpim b p6ipecrBe. 9 th popiMH t|)Hryp'H-
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TOM, K3 K OHII HaSHBaJIHCB H KaK 0H H np3 3CTaBJIH-
jikcb, rjiaBHoe saKjnonaeTCH b iix icopHajibHoft cyip-
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:hom cMHCjie KJiaccouHx HopM no omoinoHHio K: npojie-,
TOpe.KHM pjiaooOBHiM HopMaM, 03Ha,K0 iie.abaa cyinpoeTb
MopajiH pponuioro bh3©tb tojibbo b ©e mhc!Thh0ckoH
ofxiJioTRo. Ooo,no'iKa h cyipnocrb KJiaccoBbix HopM
6hjih Torpa HepaapHBHOi c jih th h otpojihtb h x mojkho
an hi b jioniHecKH, nyreM aficrpaKTHoro aH ajiim .
O tb c t BTopo®. — K aacco B B te HopMH B e e r a a c y ip e -
fvTBO 'BH .nn b H a a ic e o B O M o ^ ip e c T B e h 6yp yx c y ip e c T B O -
 — 56 —

B arb, noKa He HcneanyT KJiaccu. Ohh Hy/KHh TafciKe

ii fljixi n p o jie rap u ax a . Ho e ym iio cxb M opajju ne b t m ,
HTO STO neeBAOHHM BJiaOGOBUX HJp.I, a B TOM, TIT.I 3 II
HCpMH - 4;eriIIHTI3HpOB:aiH. KaK TOJIbKO 9T.I MilCTH-
n ecK aa odojioHKa epHBaeTca, KJiaeeoBHe Hop\iH ocxa-
. iotch , ho Mopajib H cneaaer. M opajib, cjieAOBaxejibno,
lie e e ib cncTOMa iuiaceoBHX HopM, a ojieMcirx (Jtexii-
imiSMa, b 3 t h x iiopMax. Oxy B iopyro xoHKy a p e iia a ax-
m iim a e r to b . B y x a p n n b CBoeil KiniJKice « fo o p ;ifl
H cxopim ecKoro MaTepHajiii3Ma». Oh u h u w x : «IIpojie-
TapiiaT n e m o jro t C u rb nponob© ahhkom KamixaJiH-
cniH ecK oro <|)exHHiH3Ma. .Hjih H ero nopM ii e ro hoboac-
h h h e e ib TaKHe 5»e xexHtiHccKHO npaBHJia, icaic jv u i
cxojixipa, Korop Hit p e r n e r x a d y p o iK y . E c jih cxojuip
x o n e x cAeJiaTb raC yp exK y, oh C yA er cTporaTb, n n -
jiHTb, cK.neHBaTb ii t . A- 9 t o BHTeK-aeT H3 caM oro npo-
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oduxecTBciniofl dopbCe. E c jih oh x o h b t ao Q h ib ch rom -
MyHH3Ma, xo eMy nysKHO CAeJiaTb t o - t o ii to -to , k a k
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odpa3uo c 3xoii to h k ii 3peHHH, t o h c jie p y e x pe-naiL,
«0xiiK a» npeBpamaexcH y n o ro M ano-no-M any b npo-
c x u e ii noHHiHHe xcxHHHecKiie n p a o iu ia h o b o a c u iiji,
nyjKHHe a h h K0MMyHii3Ma, n noaxo.-iy n o c y r i i A ejia
n ep ecm aem 6umb omunou,. ll o o caw oe cyu^eemeo o tiik h
B XOM II COCXOIIT, HTO 3T0 6CTb HOpMU, KOIOpiie OXBa-
.HeiiH (jierHffliicTCKoii oSoaohkoII. O ein m ii3M ecTb < y-
m c c m e u 9TUKH. TaM, TAe HG'ieaaex. s t o t iJ)cthuiii3M,
 - 57 -
*
TaM ncH 03acT n a r a n a . H in to M y n e n p iijx e r b m i o B y ,
n a n p iiM ., n a a iiB a x b ycT aB K o o n o p ariiB iio it jia B B ii su m
n a p r a n «3 th h o c k h m » h jiii «M opajii>niJM », n o m a y n ro
3A ecb BCHKOMy noHHTen i i x n e .i i o e e n c c K u u cm u cjx .
3 x iiK a a te n p e jm o o ia ra e T (foeTHmncTCKHit x y M a ii, b
KOxepoM MHOnie r a p a m * A io p o ry. TaKHM oSpa30M n p o -
J ic x a p iia x y n y o i c n u n o p m u n o e e d e n u n , h npiiTOM o n e iib
o x a e x jin B u e , no ©My cobc©m He n y n tiia , «& riiK a», x .- e .
$cTiim ncTC K i£ii c o y c k n o jie 3 n o 8 eji;e. CaMO coGoil
pa3yM eeTCH, h t o h n p o jie x a p n a T h© c p a 3 y ocboGo-
a t a a e x c a o r $ ie n n n ii3 M a TO Bapnoro oO inpcxB a, b k o to v
poM o n a tiiB e x . H o 8 T o -y a te A p y r o ii Bonpo©».
(II. Byxapnn. «TeopiiH HcxopiiHesitoro Maxepna-
jiH3iia» exp. 278 —279.) H flyMaio, hxo naM ner
HHKaitofi HOOoxoaijiMOcxH nepecMaTpnmTb xepMimo-
jioniio no ©THomeHHK) k npoHi-Jiojiy. Koiienno,
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Ho 3to ne p.m r hxm HHKXKoa bhtoah. Hu Sopor,
y nac b MapitcHCTCKoS JiHTeparype ycxan b;ijich co
BpeMemi eru,e «KoMMyHiic:xi4ecKoro m am]>ec!a» Tep-
mhh «KJiaccoBaa Mopajib» no oinomeniiio ko ecaKeil
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peeax AaHnoro KJiacca, KaK 6u otii iiopxiu nn Gujiii
npiiitpHTU. 3Ty TcpMiinojiornio mo;kho oaraBiiib. |
Huane noA KJiaceoBoft Mopajibio him npnmjiocb Obi
paayneTb ne caMyio cymjiocTb nopy, bmocto c iix
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npauujiocb 6u cK03arb to tax : RJiaecoBia Mopajib—
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 — 5S —

cTOMa n p m p u m u x uopM ')■ .H to ® e K a c a e re n x e p -

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p tT b x e n e p b o n p o iie r a p c K o t Miopajin, h jih n p o jie r a p -
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MopaJib mh onpeiBeoiHeM KaK cHCTOMy n p u n p u m u x ,

l) He najo 3a6iaBaTb Tausce h toto, xto nepnoA. HenpincptiTblx

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MymiCTH'iecKoro oSipecrBa, 6yneT c toxkii apcmiH HCTopuxecKOii
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UpHKpblTBIX HOpM, KOTOpblfl 0(3lIHMaeT THCfl'tejieTHil.
a) H e K p iT T P ix e c ic o e , y n o T p e S j i e H i i e c j i o b M o p a iih , O T iiK a 11 t . a* n o
O T H o m e iiH io k r ip o a e T a p c K H M nopM aM , e c ib b e y m a o c T i t o c r a T O ic
e c j n h o C y p a c y a .iH o R H A e o jio n m , t o C y p a y a 3 H0 -(|>e 0 ASUibH 0 f l T e p M ii
n o .io r n ii. 3 t iim n e c K O .’ibKO r p e j n a T H e K O T o p u e 113 M a p K o iiC T o ii.
 — o9 —

KJiaCCOBHX HOp'M, HOTOMV HTO HpOJICTApHaT OTHIOftb lie

codHpaeTea h ire 3aHHrepec'0;B;aH b c o 3,o;aHHK Mopajib-
h h x iipiiiqiRTiii), ji^xsi nopM CBoero KJiacca. ^ p y r o e
a e jio , ©cjih c r a p n e c u o s a —oTHKa, Mopajib h t . r.
ynoTpe&aaioTCH b o<6br,HeHHoa p enn TM bKo n o n p ii-
BHHKe, TOJibKO' BCJiejn-CTBHe bc e rn a n m e ii KOHcepea-
t h b h o c t h iff3HKa, HaKonep, no-ToMy, h to p o so fl TtpMii-
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HopTB Ha Ka«Ao,M m a ry .( Iobophm: jko mm « c o m d p
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©Boeji Heonpefl'ejieHHOieTH n TyMaiuioeTH c jiy jR irr y S e -
jKHmew £yiH n a iu e r o H3HKa b Tex e jiy n a n x , Kor&a
HOBHe HopiMbi cKJia/iHBaiOTCH, h o h x eymecTBO' h r p a -
HHIXbl ©me lie HCHH H HeT flJIH HHX HHBaKHX HOBHX
cjico®. BnpOfHOM, jiHKBHnapHH crapo® MopajibHofi Tep-
MHHOijioraiH epe^H p aS o n u x HpoKneT cKopee, n o m i y
h to o n a He 6 n jia ocofieaHo aaaBOMa p a 6 oneMy H3H®y.
CffOBa «rpiex, :jrp©niHo» BHMiipaioT BMpeTej c pejiH raeft,
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io tch npoJierapcK oft nayKoJl paHbnie, new bou ijih b
o|6hxo,h1 K Jia c c a ^ > ;
Ho, n p e w n e hbm m h nepeitaeM b Bionpoey o KJraeoo-
bhx HopiMax HpojreTapHara. no con^rajibHOift peBOjno-
h;hh, hum Hymn© no-KaaaTb, h to , BOi-nepBHX, ant
HopMH Boo5m,e MoryT cymeeTBosaTb, h h to cyipe-
CTByeT enpeineJieH H aH odjiacTb, Ha B o ro pyro o hh
A o jijk h h pacnpocrpaHHTbCH.
 — 60 —
( Korna m h y d n p a e j j b jic m c h t m r c r m e c K o r o , j i k o S h
o d m c'icu o B C H ecK o i'O i i a o c o ju o r iio r o 113 M jp a jn i c o a -
iio l i cTO pouH , B ee o rp a in iH H B a e M K Jia c c o B iiM ii nop-
MaMH c H p y r c i i — h , naKO Hen;, p> cnoM «uacM 0 tom , h t o
B ee n o c ry n K H n e jio B e K a c r p o r o o d y c j io B i ie i iu 11 h to
cBoO ona b o jih e c i'b mh<|), t o B 03H H K aer B o n n o e : h o
MH$ JIH H 9TH KJiaCOOBHO HOpMH, H e MII(J) J ill TftK
iia s H B a e M a n o n s e T c f b e n H o c tb H o n o B e iti 3a c b o ii n j -
c iy n K H , x o t h 5 n o i u n p 3 B p u n ,u i ic b T e n e p b b o t b o t -
jCTBeilHOCTb l i e HCpGA TaHHCTB 0HELH.VI rOJIOOO'M COBOCTir,
a npaMo nepe.n c b o iim KJiaocoM. B ca.M0M nene. Mu
[ho cofenpaeMCH pacnpocipaHHTb KJiaccoBHX nopM npo-
jierapiiaTa, nanpimep, na dypmyaaino. 3 to, npemne
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'V'ynoMHiiyTHji iiaMii BHUie (|)a6pHKaHT, ycryn 11: uniit
paSoHHM bo bpomh cranKii, cnenaji 9to He non H.1B .0-
miieM o5m„ecTBeHHOro ihiiwihh npojierapiiara, a 113 jiiih-
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HCHHTUBaer MopajibHoro ynoBjieTBopcHiia ot Toro, HTO
eoKpaniJi CTpanaflHH CTaHeHHUROB, a, nanpoiiiB, on
HyBctByer yrp u3e1iH.fi coboctu nopej H’icnaMii cno-
ero KJiacca, Koropne ynpeitaiDT ero b s i l t /lymim h
H3M0H6 OOHieKanilXaJIHCTH40CKIIM imxepoc M. 06pa»
maTbcn c MopanbHHMii yBemaHiiHMii no OTUJuicimro
k dypacya h maaTb or Hero nociynKOB, bui ohuux pa-
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«>iopaJibHo» yBeuieBaxb ninaiomnfi c itpumn Kasiens
noipaAirrb rojioBy erojim,ero B:ni3y mgjiob ita. Ho
ry r B03iniKacr TaKoH Bonpoc. Ecjui itaiieub ynaftjT
 — 61 -
crpor-o n a o c n o u a in n i cfnminesKHX s tk o h o b n a n e n n a
Tea, to n e coB epin aercH jiii ita?K,autt n e lO cem cR iift
n ocT yn oK n o tom ace aceaeanuM s a a (Jnw n oaornn e-
ckiim , r a n n oGm ecTBeim uM 3aKon:iM. E e a ii t o r — a e r o
hocom hchho r a it, im a a e m h 6h a o n y c r a a i i n p o p u a
b 3a K o n e n p ir r a n n o c n i— t o n p n mom ace r y r nanaa-TO
OTBCTCTiiennocTi) n e p s fl K aaccoM nan cSm eciBOM ,
npn new t j t KJiaccoBHe iiopMH ? ''
H a 9tom n a n o o cra n o B irrb cn . ITaaaionurft im p n u n
m u ne mo,KCM cn o p o n iT b c n y r a e ro y B listen :m b iih 3
M opaaw iuM yB cm an n cM . Ho movkom jih mu bo Q111,0
OTKJionirm e r o c e r o n y r n ? K o iie n n o , mojkom. R u n
9TOrO IiyjKHO KO BCO.M <f)H3HMeCKHM yCJIOBHMM, ICOTOpue
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n a a e n iifl, npnG aB irrb hogob (fniaim ocKoe y c a o B iie , n p n -
6aBIlTB IIOBUfl cJ)OKTOp. HnUMII CJIOBTMtl, CO 5TB ^T*
CTByioiniiM yaap o M no iciip n im y b momoht e r o na-
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e r o .ubiihcciiiih 11 tom c m c T ii C T o a ip ero s n in .y h cjio -
neica o t n p o a o n a n cp e ria . T on no t o r vice o o c to iit n,eao~
in c 1 locxyn itaM ii K a acy o ro o T a e a b n o ro neaoBCita. I l o -
cm ynoK , n o m o p u u coepu iu jica 5bi n p u d a n m ix onpede-
m v h u x y cjio a u n x , MODicem ne ceepm um bcn, t c i u 5yd m
ocedeHo uoooe y ca oeu e, Komopoe H m nein deu^msoeamb
u n p u d a eu m cn k m e ji y jio o u tiM , K o m ip >ie do c u x
nop onpedeJMJiu nocm y k u hcjiog m . H yacn o a u ra b ,
HTofi 9to noBoe y c a o m ie n p c a c T a a a a 'io i n ceG 1 cj aK r p
aocraTOHHoit cnau n Morao n oB an n rb b iiv jk to m
n a n p a B a e im ii icaK h h c to (JnnnnocKan c n a a . M jk c t
an C u rb TaKiiM (JiaicropoM, a o n ycx iiM , oftnteerB in n o e ,
M ncnne icaaoca, k icoropoM y n a n n u fl aeaoBOK n p n - )
 — 62 —

HaflaeJKHT? 0 >6in1eci'BeHHuit o h h t jmj^eii -noKa3HBaer,

too- !MO®er. Ecoth cBofio^a booth hbotob&kot. coti> mh<!>—
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ii'0:OTflep>KHBaeMHii ycjioBHHMH mojikO'- 6y p jK y a 3Horo,
HllpOTHBH^yaJIHiCTHHeCK'OirOi X<®HftCTBa), BO' Hie mhc|>, OTO-
nycTHiM, Be nncbMa pacKaHBinHxca uiTpeftKdpexepoB,
KO’TopHe «HpaBOT:a» ,1 912 — 13' r o u e s uoMem,;uTa: cothhm h
Ha cbohx cTpam m ax. H e imh(|H3ecKoneHHoe KOJiHHecTBo
cjiyHaeB, i;oi';i.a o5niecbbbhho<> Mueiute KOTacca, onpe-
nejiHier nocTynKH co'meHOB) KOTacca, K o iy a ojkh-
naeMoe nopHpaHxie TOBap'Hmeii no KJiaciey yuepasH-
Baer o t ooRepmeiiHH Bpe&Horo h jih KJiacca noeTym ta
(cth a h o ), KorOTa oa?HOT,aeM'0.e MopaOTBiioe o^c€ipe»mc
co1 cTopoHH KOTacca TOJiBaeT na aK.ru nepoflci'Ba b
HHTepecax KOTacca h t . r . h t . h. TaKHM oSpaaoiM,
ecjjH mh BOSbMeM neOTio©eKa, BOTopHil flo jm eH iro-
cTynH Tb TaiB hoth i n a n e c ebmjiwneHueM h b M c tb h h
<|>aKTOpa. KOTacooBOiro o-noftpeuiM hoth 3an pein ein « i, t o
II'OCTynO'K MOHxBT 6HTB OiHHlI. ECOT.H MH 6KJIWHUM flflH-
'CTBHie 9'TOPO (|)aiKiT0p a— JHOCTyHpK MO'SBeT 6HTB Hpyi'Oiii.
B ee oto Sypjer Ha CTporoM ociroBaiiHH saKOHa npHHKa-
H octh. K o rn a I^HSHOjOTOpHH; Moara. npoftBH nercfl Buepe.i,
HaOTbHi© TenepeiHHero, m h cmowom h h c t o c|)H3hooto-
iHBOecKH onncaTb coHnaOTbHHO pie<|)OTeKCH nejiOBeKa
H TO, HTO MH Ha3HBaeM MOpaOTbHHM ftaBJICHHiCM OpIHC-
cTBeHHoro mhohhh KJiatoca Ha oiynieOTbHiO'Po
yjia. 1 i
Ho ecjiii oom eci BesHHoe MHeinie Kjiacca h rre BJiac-
OOBHe HOpiMK, KOTO'P'Hie TOHHO H KpaiTMO $ 0pMyOTH-
pyioT TpeQ'O'BaHH© airora P'OinocTBeHHoro MiieHHH, tcaMH
no ee&e hbothiotch peaiibHoH c a r o lt, t o Ha«no ycau -
 — 63 —

HOBiiTb eipe, b 'KaKHX npepeaax oKaaHsaer peii-

cTBtre1 o r a c H J ia . OReiPTH’te c K o e h roMopucTHHecKOie o t -
IIOIIieiUK' K MOpajIH, KaK K CHOTOMe HOpM, KOTOpHe
n p e ahneH B aiO T C H , h Koropux h h k t o h© B b m o a H a eT .
c K Jia flU B ae n c H oiShkhobohhO' d jia r o A a p ii HadJiBAPH H io
H ap <JmKTaMH paaaoiJK eH iiH c r a p o i i M opaan, KOxopaH
yK e He o r B e a a e r p H T ep esaM K a a o c a h x p a H H T ca h u
npMBHHKe, kak crapo© xpanbe. lio b otp » e eaMoe
BpeMK jCAOJRHAHCb Ol6:HKHOBeHHO' y » e HOBH0 K Jla c e o -
SBH0 ,HOpMH, KOTOpHe HMftlOT BOCbMa AKTyajIBHOe 3H a-
neH H e. B t h HopMH c t o h t H a c jiy s K d e K a a c c o B o r o h h -
T e p e c a , e n a a H H B a io T K a a e e b e r o d o p b d e , c b h s h b a io t
o iv p v i i.i iu x HJieHOB K a a e c a , Ba-K B e p eB K a ' CRH3HBaer
nynoK npyxbeB , h aaexaB A H T O o rp eab H o ro naena
K a a o c a p o a h k h h t b e r o c o p n a a b H H e n o e T y n R H . h h i© -
pieeaM 'p e a o r o . TaM, rA e K aaoepB H e h o p m h o o ra a o o -
sa H b i c K aaco oB H M jiHTCpeeoM h cxoht y H e ip n a i
c a y s R & e , xaM aa B b iiro a n e u n e M h x e a e A i i r B e e b Kaaec
THCHHaMii raas h noAAepsKHBaer c b o jo Mopaab, reap
CHM Boa eAKHCTBa KJiacca. Ha x ra p y n iH T e a H KJiacco-
b h x nopM onoaHaeTCH Beeb Kaaec, oh 3aipHipaeT no-
CpeACTBOM 3THX KaaOOOBHX HOpM CBO’H HacTOHipH© H
( iy A y i p i ie HHrepecH. H je c a H a h h h h © HHTepecH Kaacca
cTajiKiiuaioToi,' c ero KaaeooBHMH popMaMP, ©can ora
HopMH a a b h t H a o T p e-ab H o ro a.:ieua.. KaK (JnK H H ecK aa
C H aa, a •oiKasHBa.joxcH CHaKHefl: ero, t o ro ia b B o noTOMy,
hto Becb Kaaec ir cjpiisHHecRH h cepnaabHO cuabHeli
Kla 5KA'oro OTAjeabHoro H e a o s e ia . H3 a r o r o Kaacoa. B
rex m e cayaanx, KorAa oTAeabHbPt HeaoBeK h h h ct-
AeabHaa rpynpa Kaaoca BbrpHBaeTGH K3 peneB KJiac-
OOBHX HOpM, ecnii noeae;i,inu; o tvreii li.m a y p e p a a r b
 — 64
eix> Ira jnrrmir cra p o ro , o Sm en pim aroro,' ofirneoaofiprro-
Moro noBcacnim , to 9t o 6 h b ler b tom c jiy lae, K o rfll
a m npoTOcraiiru jiiiCo ubjihiotch nepBHMii nnoiiepaMit
h 3 am,iiTniiKaMii iio b u x , m iaqe nom ikaeM tfx, no yvue
tna3poBm iix KJiacoooux mrrepecoB, jiii 6 o npocTO nopn-
Bator co CBOiiM K.iaccoM h nepexojiJir h i cTopoay
^Cpyroro KJiacca. Hocjie/tHoe upoiicxoju rr 'ran;o Boero
Tor^a, E o rya npoiicxoairr p 3 icsrceime c r p o .’o KJiac­
ca, KorAa fleaopnipyiom iie H3 a io ro iu a o c a nprniH-
Kaiof k iiOBOMy KJiaccy, BHflBiiraiomoMycil n.i h cto-
piiHoeKyio apony 11 iiMeiomeMy S y a yip o o . BcnoM iiim
0 ^oaepTiipcTBe H3 B0CTnux cjioob ^BopuncTBa ua cto -
p o n y GypjKyaami b neprio^u n a 3 pcBiuiiH Oypatyaa-
HblX pCBOJIIOUIltt ,0 AC3 ep rn p 3 TB0 BIJXOjmCB [13 fl.yp-
3K ya 3 ini 11 CypjKya 3 noft iiHre.Tumrenii,Hii, nepoxoan-
m iix u a ro'iK y 3 pcim a npojieTapa.Tra. II b tom ii b
flpyi'OM c j i y i a e npoucxouuT ne ocb Q o n u tn n e or-
UCJibiujx jra u 11 ooipccTBCiinux rp y u n o r iwraccoBux
jiopM boo 0 m e, itocKOjibKy ©me cym eeTByeT KjiaccoBoe
oOiuoctbo 11 KJiaccocau Gopbtia, a. n ep cx o A h x no^
pyKOBoacrBo A p y m x iu a c c o B u x uopM.
I lp o a e ia p iia T ©cTb o c o C u it k jii'c c . E.rx> m r rc p o c ti
nenflioTc.fi. £ 0 3 a B o e B a iiiie b jk lc t h —o m i o p n , n o c jie
aaB o ecan iiH e e —/ ip y r iie . H o h no p e B o n o a ,in i ii n c u e
n eo o u bohot o jK e c r o ie in iy © 6 o p b 6 y co cboiimh c x a p u -
"Mii n p a ra M ii 3a cboo c ym ccT B O B am ie, 3 a cboio n o S o iiy ,
3a CTpOIITOJIbCTBO IIOBOfl X03 HiiCTB0IIU0 ll II c o p u a jib -
u o ti c iic t c m u . B ciiK afl 6 o p b 6 a 3 u a e r c b o ii n p a B iijia
n o O cu u .O u n iiM H3 B a a m c it iu iix y c u o B iiii noG oflu h b-
jiiicT C ii ciiJioH oiinocT b u o p ra im a o B a im o c T b K Jiacca,
y iiC jm m B a io m u o o r o y a a p i i y © c iu iy u n o A u im e m ie
 — 65 —

K a a m o t oT ftejibH oit H exoBeH ecRofi ch jih KHTepeeaM

p e jio ro . B p in c n e n p y n a x cK p en , n ejiaro ip H x K jiacc
opraHii30BaHHoS apMHeit, BH^poe mocto 3aiiHMaiojT
K JiaceoR H e HopMbr. O h h HysKHH n p o J ie T a p n a iy , o h h
cyrpecT B yioT b nepHO/i;, R o rfla o h e rp e y rH eT eflH H it
KJiaCC, OHH MeHHIOT CBOB COiHepjRaHH©, HO OCTaiOTCH,
Korpa oh HO'SepHJi BparoB b nepeoM 6010, T.-e. 3a-
x Banin BJiaorb, oc'TaHyrCvH, noKa oh 6yp©T cym e-
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 — 60 —

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 — 67 —

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 — 68 —

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 — 70 — *

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 — 71 —

m u d o j i e e u o j i h u u y c n e x e 5 o p b 6 e 3 a e j i a c m b v^ejioio,
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 — 72 —

is B J ia e r c a T p eO o B aH n e to po , htg6 h b ©c b . R j i a c e mop 6po-

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 — 73 —

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TOK H HpoGHTBCH K ®ejIH CO CBOHM KJiaCCOM, M0JK6T
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Ha ceBepe ChGhph 6nBaer, hto rpoMiiAHoe ci’a/1,0 -
ojieHe® nepexoAiTT nnipoKyD peRy. IIepe0rH Ha t o t
Geper HeoGxoAHMO ajm cnaceiTHH or roJiOAa Bcero
cT.tAa. Ho peKa rjiySoKa h moct HaBOAHT cQipiajib-
hh® h h c th h rt CTaAa—TpyHaMH nepeAOBHX. npoae-
rapaaT tojibko TO'FAa peajmayei hoahoctbio Bee chjih
CBoero K Jiac c a, k o ta ^ KaatAH® .o'taOjibhh® HAen K,:iae-
c y GyAOT roiOB, Kor;ia Hymno, GpociiTB cbo© xeAo- h i
HOCTpoftKy MOCTa, HO1 KOTOpOMy BeCB HpOAeTapCKllii
ROAAeKTHB nepemarneT b oGiacctbo GyAyipero.

KnaccoBbie HopMbi npojieiapHaia nocjie

3aBoeBaHHa B jia c m
IIpojierapiiaT y BJiacrii. Oh aoc rax to® 113 obohx
gone®, ROTopo® G in a noA'fflHeHa ero GopbGa 11 cxa-
raBHiHOCH] b ppopecce oto® GopbGbt KJiaecoBHe nopMH.
Tenepb nojio«eHiie cymecTBeHHeamiiM o6pa 3'OM H3Me-
 — 74 -

HHjioici. IIocKOJibKy h h cto noaHTHHecKaa: dopbda ©me

[He KioHHHJiacbi Hi jijepeHecjiaeb ireppHTopHajiiHO sal a p y -
ry io apeHy, ocx-aBica b chjk? bc© t© HopMM hi bcc r e
HaBHKH, KOIHO'pije HySKHH PJ 1X CHJIOH!e0H.H KJiaCCa H
AaabHefimHX nodeA. Ho nacTb omx Hop\i y » e saRp©-
iuieiia b 3aROHO;AaTeabeTBe CoBercKoro rocyAapcTxa,
npeB paT H Jiacb b c o b o tc ro © n p a B o . B to i sk© apeM H
|C03AaiHHHe hm| doeawe KjiaccoBH-e iopraHH,3an,H.H, npo$-
COKJ3H K napT H H XaKJKO OTHaeTH npeB paTH JIH C b B
OToad'H ero roeyAapGTaeHHoro BA aH iia. Ho b h o b h x
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bahhiamh.. Kame 9To ppeposdpaaoisainiH ? '
HaaHOM c npyAO Boii a h c a h x ij ih iih . B d y p * y a 3 H 0 M
odm ecT Be 'padprairft h o 3aHHTepeeoBaH b h o a h h t h h
npoH3BOAte.TBa % yBejiHHCHHA BupadoTRH 3 a r y jk© 3 a -
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WOJiylHHT X03IHHH, dOdlKHIO palCTpaJT|HT H a pOCKOHIb,
d io jihin e o T A ac r [dypsKyasHOM y ro o y A ap c T B y a e r o n p a -
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OTKyAa ^ “SaxeM m o fjih 6 h b o 3 h h K H y tb caMoppo*-
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.noT apiiaT a n p n RanH Ta jih c th n e e k o m c x p o e ? ^ a ?K e b
Tex poARHx o jiy A a n x , js o rA a y T pyA H iA H xca irpo cH -
naeTcH HenporoBOJibHo 9HTy3Ha3M r xpypy 1), a r o r
n p e A B e c m iiK d y p y m e r o cBodoAHoro ir p y p a b c o x a ^ t

') C m. npeKpacnoe o n u ca a n e o^Horo hi [Taicnx anmoflOB b

,,ABTo6irorpa<|>n4ecKi!x p acc itaaax " I’opbicoro. (.,ltpacH an H ost",
M a.pT, c t o . 15 ).
 — 75 —

p c e x , h ,m p ip e pcHOtft ppaR T H aecaaH o e e n o a e s p o c rb

9Toro n o p H B a n e p o p jihpckm! ^RenaoaT& ToppRax! n a a -
BO'K„i !B KapMaKH, porop H X HOH3MOIIHO TBKyT BC6 HJIOftH
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npaxopaTCH Toppa h© BHpadaiHBaTb cbok> cotfcTBes-
Hyio |po6poBoabHyic> p p c p a n a a H y Tpypa, a oiCopo-
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TaJIHCTOM H, filOCpCfljCTBOM HOPHHHeHHH pa'GOTHHKal Hap-
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paOoTHO® naaTH , a ’.iainwepm :Hainan: n.K> b tapaOHaax
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aa-rpaH apeft K aaaraaacT u : ^ocTaaoaHQ y c n e a a b
9TOM p ea e. C to p ti a a ra b BcnoMHHTb o licaxo ao -
m n cp ep n ero am viiiiirR oro TpaabiOHHOHHcra a air
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n o ae cpaiJReiHaff ^JBJRay HopMaita a'ppepcTapiaepaaM H,
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TaTopaMa, a HopMaMii, KOTopn© pH RiyeT eMy ero
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3HTCH Ha upoHBBope.TBe. Kloppa 3R©1npoaei'apHap c r a-
h o b h tc h y BaacTH, R orpa oh e ayBCTBOM rayGoaajft-
m ero o d a era e H a s ocBOieojppaeTca o t K a n a T a aa craa e-
 — 76 —

c k h x nop.M h B cero .QypjKya3HorO' H a e jie n e iB i b b to S

O'QjracTH, o h HeMenJieHHO h o jisk o h nepeftTH k b h -
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p y jo m u x xo3-H flctb6h h H 0 n p o p e e c Ha 3aBo,ne H b
p e x e . OTHomeHiie it xo3HiicTBeHHOMy n p o p e c c y T en ep b
v H ero MOHHeTCH b k o u iic . CraH K ofl o h n o d n B a jic a h jih
> • e d a Co,:iLuiett floJiH H3 n p o p yK T a cB o o ro r p y s a .
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caw d o jib m e co 3 fl;acr. O rHoineHHe k craH K e M C H aerca
T ;aK *e. T e n e p b c T a ’i i i a p a d o m ix Ha n pen n p H H T E ax
p a d o n e r o ro e y n a p c T B a H e flo n y c m M a . HopiMH, c o sn a B -
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cK ofi P o c c h h OTHOHieHH© H a m e ro p a d o n e r o k CBoefi
$aopHK ,e h ki p e 3 y jiK iaT aM CBoero' T p y n a cHJibHetfi-
h ih m odpaBOM OTJiHHaeTca o r T oro, h t o H ad jiB n ae'T ea
n a KannrajiHCTHHecKHx ^ a d p H ita x 3a rp a m m e 'fl:.
Ho 9t o t n p o p e o c n d u e w n n n nopM p a d o n e r o -p a d a b
HopMH piadoHerO'- xo3HHHa npoHCXonHT1 n e c p a 3 y 11
 — 77 —

T p e S y e r H aB eeT iroro Bpe&teHH. C r a p n e h p h b h h r h

npeflCTaBJieH H a O y/ iyr naBa-Tb o c e d e 3HaTb He o n iu +
r o n n o c jx e no& e^u: n p o Jie ra p c K o a peB O JiioipH . Bo
o s h h KpacoHHHfl npHM ep TaK oro p o ^ a . B M ocbbo
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koH n p n n e p e p a d o rB e HdBofi napTHH c h p b h , t p © 6 q -
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B HenocpeaiCTBeHHoa cbhsbd c o th m BonpocoM cxonr
TaKHte Oojiee oohxhh Bonpoc o <|>opMnpoBaHHH noBoro
HejjoBeBa h o b o to odrpecTBa. CoBercKaH P o c c h h
BHJioTHyio HOHonuia k axoMy Bonpoey. Ilepefl EaBoa
orpoMHot npodjieMoa mh 3a;ecb ctohm , noKa 3HBaer *
OHHT BOeHHOrO1 K0MMyHH3Ma H H o n a . CTHMyjiaMH
k x p y jiy b KanHTajiHCTHHecKOM O'drpecrBe, Ka.B mh
y * e roBppmra, h b jih rtch ^jih padoHero h cjiyjKa-
ip ero KpoMe odn^eaKOHOMHHecBoro npuHysKapHHH (h o
 noft/iiemb Ha $a 6piiKy paSomTb-nc nonoAy noMpenib)
cooTBeTCTByroipaH CHCTeMa 3apa6oiHoii naaiu. Pa-
\ fiOHHft EaHHTaJIHCTHHOCKOJft (JaCpHKH, K IK npaBHJIO,
MejiK:o-6yp 3cya3Horo npoHCXojKAeHHH. Ecjih .oh caM
b 60 jibniHHoTBe chh hjih BH'yK pai6oHenoi, to npaAeA
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HHCTO HHAHBHAyaJIHCTHHeCKHB CTHMyjIH K TpJAy
(6cwibme BapaSoTaeinb —ftojibnro nojiyHHiHb), h no-
CKOAbKy paBBHTHe T0XHHKH He npeHHUCTByeT 9T0My,
oh b ocHOBy TpyAOBoro' naiKHMa Ha paiSoHero K.jia,meT
CAeJibHyro 3apafioTHyio njiaTy. IIoaTOMy p&fioHHfi kjihcc
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9th CTiiMyjiH k TOMy * e rapMOHHpyioT co. bo©H co-
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mjiocb HajiasKHBaTB xo;wHctbo b nopnoA bobhhoi'O
KOAfMyiiiiBMa. Mho rue neyAann HaniH topaa oi&bHjcKa-
JIHCb BO0HHUMH H 9KOHOMHH0CKHMH IipHHHIIIMH, HO
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TOM, HTO 3 a HOBO© X03HRCTBO, H a OCHOBe HOBHX npHH •
Hhhob B3HJIC.H c ra p H tt H ejioB eit. UpHiKOK nee c p a a y
s n e p e A Oh ji c n ejiaH onpoMHHH ii d n o rp o nO A oraaT b
HCHXHKy c r a p o n o p aSo H en q K HOBOMy pTporo M h ! b ip A —
A n a He m o tjih . M e * A y tom kak tojibko npcwiOTapHaT
H aiH H aeT erpoH Tb c e o e no'CyAapcTBe®Hoe xoohKctbo ,
 — 79 —

wry HyjKieH ne npocro paiSonHft, He crapbrft patioHHft.

a pa6o'4Hfi rasy/pperBeHHoro xisallOTBa, feJxyjKamaft
h hhskohop ixocypapcTBeHHo-ro xooailCTBa. BenoMHHTo,
h to nojxyHHJioct., KGraa o t paSoHnx h OJiyjKanipx
noTpe'fioBajiHci. coBepineHHO hobho, KOJiJieKTHBHUe
CTHMyjIH K Tpy^y, a OHH MOrjIH npeflJIOSKHTB JIHfflb
caapoe Sapaxjio, ocTaBinoscH p® craporo pe«HMa; ot
paapyraeraiHX npemmix oTHomeriHfl ? BcnoMEHTe, KaK
Heyjonio, rpHBHO ohjio b KaKOM-jiHSo paonpepojiH-
nejie HapicoMirpopa, khk rp yS o o6pamaJiHic,b| o nyftjiii-
Koit cjiyacanyre, KaK pacxmpajiH rocypapcrBeHHHe
3anacH. A noHOMy? CTapHe cTHMyjm k Tpypy ocra-
JIHCb He HCH0JI BSOBaHHHMH, OHH 0Ka3aJIKCb HeHyJKHSH-
ifH h BpeflHHMH, a HOBHe ©m© He coopa’inch. C ra- ^
poro xoBHHHa npornaJiH, a hobbtH koji jiokth bh h 3
xobhhh «m,e Kait cjiepyer ne npHineJi. CoanaHHe
o6in,ero Hirrepeca 6hjio cjiaGo, oho ho mopjio ho6o-
pCTb H 3aMOHHTB CTapHO HaBHKH, KHflHBHflyaJIHCTH-
IHCCKHe CTHMyjIH ITpH paCHpepejieHHH, «.He M06 Hj©JIO’»
npH paOoTe. Hobh© $opMH npoii 3Bo^eTBa h pacnpe-
pOJieHHH OKaaajIHCB B B0HHK>IH,©M UpOTHBOpeHHH 00
pmpolft HOHXHKOft H CTapttMH npHBHHKaiMH. KaM-5 yjCT0
k pyjiio aBTOMiPGHJiflj noieaflHjiH m n io ^ e p a , a
BHparjiH b Mamicny p a p y 6 h k o b .
Ho 3aT0 KaK boo H3M©Hnjioeb, Koir^a naHaiicH
Hon! KaK BeauiHB nj>HKa3HHK b Mara3HHe xronMaiia
h jih M. II. 0 ., KOTopcHfi oTTajiKHBaji b 'ic cBooio r p y - '
6ocTbio h |Hiec0'3HaTe-jibH0CTbK b pacnpiepejiHTejie Hap-
KO,MH'pofla! KaK 6©3yHa|cTOH, Jie m iB , BuooiKOMepeH 6 h ,;i
o h y iio c Jie y H e ro h KaK n p sa y n p e p H re jib H O b ohcjihb
T en e p b . KaK CncTpo «k o mmv h h c t h hoc Kan* r p s 3 b h
 — 80 —
m jjib cM eH HjiacB 6ypsK ya3H oft HaiiOBCKoii h h c to to H
ii aKKypaTiiocTbK). Hi© 5Ke npoH30iiiJio ? Ha-pany c
npO H H M II TO, HTO B O eH H H fi K 0 M M yH H 3 M HO MOP OHO-
peT bca na to k r p y n y , K o r o p n e e m ;e n e
c r iiM y jiH
nycTHJiH.- K o p i i e t b p a do ne# M acee, c r a p n e a c e c t i i -
^ M y j iH rydnjiH n e j i o , cio h jih ©My n o n e p e K n o p o r n .
HaodopoT, Han ycTaHOBHJi cMHHKy c othmh CTapHMH
' cTHMyjiaMii h nocTaBHJi hx cede Ha cjiyjK-dy. HooTOMy
MamiiHa Tan xoporno 3aBepTOJiacb c tom a&e jhohckhm
MaTepnajioaf. Ho norna Bienb b h x o h h t, hto 9Ta MainiiHa-
to KaK-dynTO d a d y p jK y a sH a n ?
^ a , ona bo MHoroM ©rapaa, ho bo mhopom h HOBan.
npH Hon’e rocyHapGTBieHHoe xoaateTBO b H3BecTH0ii
Mepo MOJKOT onepeTbCH Ha cT a p a e CTHMymi k T p yp y,
+ noTOMy h to oho caMO- h bo mhopom HpyroM padoraer
Kami rajoicTHHoeBHMn MeTonaMH. HO' y * o T e n e p b , a i?
era,© dojibniea cren e m i b djiHaeaiinieM dynym cM r c c y -
HapcTBeHHOe xo3Hhctbo h o cMoateT paaB opn yib se e x
cb o h x bh poh, ciBO'flcTBeiiHHx od'beHHHeHHOMy -xoaaii-
CTseHHOMy KopadJiio con,HaiiH3Ma, h h o cm o « o t nanaTr.
HyniHTb KaniiTaJiHeTHHOCKiie pocT&H, eciiH ho dyneT
odJianaTb KanpoM h o b h x jnoneft, k o to pH e Moryp b b cth
HM6HHO rOiCyaapCTBOHHOO X03HHCTB0 II ipadOTaTbj B HOM.
yjK0 Tenepb mh He MojKeit dHCTpo npo^BHHyTbcn B
HeKOTOpHX odjiaeTax, HanpHMep, b roeyffapcTBeHHott
ToproBJio, ph © bc© OKOHOMHHOCKHe npeHMymiecTBa Ha
naineH cxopone, npesKne seepo H3-3a nenocraTK a Kan-
POB HOBHX, HO pa3BpaiI[,eHHHX KaHHTajIH3MOM H B TO
®e BpeMH 3HaKin;HX h o to padomnKO®. HHniiBHnyajib-
HH6 CTHMyjIH, 9TH 3aCK0py3JIHe, HtaJIKH© CTHMyjIH
np onuioro, 3a kotophm h nyHHTCH MemaHHH c m any-
 — 81 —

qeHBHjvffl o;t Hpnyrla rjiaaaiMH sa «Moe», am npHMaHKa

ApciopiiajiHCTHHeeKoro H ejio seK a, KOTopoio r e r e jie B -
ckh# « L ist der V erm inft» (xHTpocrt aScoJiMaono pa-
ayana) Taromra na pauory npnmiKOM no# hocom, keb
3EMaHIIBaiQT' B XJI0B K o po B y,— ai'H m y p B M lya^tBiiHO
pTHMyjIH flS&tJKHH CMBHHTbCH COgHaHHOM OPmpPO' HH-
Tepeea h ouacoSHOOTbio paSoTHEKai BmitaTr. 9to co-
SHaHiie( B KameiCTB©hohte cTHXHliHoro, ®0'juieBTHBHorp
cTHMyjia k rpyoy Ha hobhx Hanajiax. Koh©mho<, aro
^ —n o yn,acT& a c p a a y . HHAEBHAyaJiHC'TEHeeKH© cixHMyjrH
typ yrr OTMnpaTi, noicTeiieBBo . 'HaBecTHO© BpeMH b y ^ y r
cyipecTBO BaTb KOMPiiHEpoBaHHij© H H jp iB H ayajib flo -
KOJIJieKTIiBHH© CTHMyjim;. 9T'0i OTpaBHTCH H H a CHCT0M.0
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 — 85 —

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 — 86 —

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 — 87 —

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 — 88 -

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 — 91 —

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 — 92 —

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 — 93 —

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 — 94 -
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 — ,96 —

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 — 97 —

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BMecrHM H, e e jn i H e e Tenepem HH M H po^najibH H M H o t-
HOnieHHHMH XI POB,HaJIKHHMH HHTepecaM H, TO C OTHO-
m einiH M H oon,H ajiH CTH H eciioro o d m eo T B a: MOHoraMHH,
KpaTKOBpeM exnibie p b x k h h jih , T au H a3H BaeM oe, dec-
HopanO'HHoe HOJioBoo odnjeH H e? .Up p h x nop 3ain;HT-
HHKH TOft HJIH HHO-ll TOHKH 3p3HHH B 9T0M BOHpO’CB
CIvOpee 'O'dOCHO'BHBaJIH BCeB03MOJKHHMH apryM OHTaMH
CBOH JIHHHH6 BKyCH H HpiIBHHKH B 9TO& OdJiaCTH,
ne-M flaB ajiH n p aB iu ib H H fl, con,HOJiorHHeeKH h K Jiac-
o o b o odocH O B aH H H t oraex. KoMy 6 o jrb m e H paB H jica
HecKOJibKO (JxhJiHCTepcKHii jiHHHHft peM eiiH B ii 6 h t
M ap iaca h k t o no cb o h m HaKJioHHocTHM npeO T O H H raji
MOHOraMHK), TOT HHTaJICH BOSBOCTH B flOTMaT H HOpMJ
MOHoraMHyio <J>opMy dpaKa, n o flfeip aH ^ ji h b to t o m©-
HHHHHCKHe h copiiaJibHHe apryMBHTH. Te, looTopne
CKJIOHHH K OdpaTHOiMy, HHTaiOrCH Bbm aTb dH CTpO Tei-
H bie dpaKH h « h ojioboK B0MMyHH3M» 3a ecTecTBeHH yio
0 Mopa.nn a KJiaceoBux HopMax. .7
 — 98 —

<t>opMy 6p<aKa b SyAymeM O'SipecTBe, npti HeM HHorAa

npoBeAeHH© Ha npaKTHKe ©topo THina odinjeHHH m©-
JK A y n o jraM ® c ropA'OCTbio paccMaTpKBaioT, KaK «npo-
Tecr h e AeJie» Hpo'THB MemaHCKO® ceMeftHoa Mopajin
HacTOHmero.
B A©®CTBHTeJIbHO©TH JKie BCH TaK aH nOCTRHOBKa BO-
n p o e a Cboahtch k TOMy, hto jik>ah peBOMeHAyioT
BOMMyHHC'THHeCKOMy 0'6 m©CTBy CBOH JIHHHH© BKyCbl
H BHAHIOT CBO’H JIHHHHe CHMTiaTKH S a OftbeKTHBHVK) •
HeoPX'OAHMoerh; M ejK A y t©m Bonpoc O' (JjopMax 06-
iqeH H H M©3KAy n o jiaM H , o K onopoM TaK m h o to r n y ii a T
C TOHKH 3p©HHH MOpaJIH, nOCKOJIbKy OTOU BOnpOC
C T aB irren BHe cbjish c com bo® , d e . n a e m c n e o n p o c o . n c o -
V/UajibHUM, n p e z t c d e e a e z o j i u m b c m o w n 3 p e n n f i (f>U3U-
BptHA JIH KTO' CMOHJOT A0Ka3aTb,
HCCKOZO 3 d o p 0 6 b X p a C U .
h to Ta. hjih imaH cjjopwa opaisa BHyTpn paSonero
K J ia c c a , n p H HaJiHHHH © o ip ia jib H o r o B ocm iT aH H H ^ e -
' ‘ Te®, m o ® 0t HenocpeAOTBeHHO' bjihhtb H a yicnexn hjih
HeyAann] ©opb6e npojiorapiutTa 3a K0MMyHH 3M . Cjie-
b
AOBaT&JIBHO, C ©TOn> ®01HH,a, paSOTHHKH CO'AHaJIHCTII-
n e c K o ro o f im o c r B a M o n y r 6 h t b a o b o jik h © p aB H O 'A yn u rti
K TOM HJIH IIHHM (f>0pMaM ITOJIOBOrO o 6 ni,eHHH. B j.H 9T a
iipo'SjioMa AeaaercH copnajibHO® npoSjioMofi j ih i h b b
CB.H3H 0 BOHpOCOM 0 ^HBHHeCKOM COXpaHeHHH H y K p e -
iHJieHHK p a c H , n pesK A e B c e r o c t o h k h 3peifflH H a n 6 o -
J ie e 3AopoBoro, HanSoJiee O H T iiM ajib n o ro n o T O M uraa.
'A cjiO A O B areabH o , h o t b 0t h H a B o n p o c AOOKHa 3 i&e,b
AaTb MeAHUHHa, a h o oMMyHHCTH n ec K aft nporpaMMa
h CBH saH HH e c He® 5o&bh© KnaccoBHre HopMH n p o J ie r a -
p n a T a . Ho h MpAHUHSa, noB H A H M cm y, h b b c o c t o h h h h
H p o n n c a T b 3A©eb t h h o b o h o eAHHO©6pa3Horo p e u ;e n T a .
 — 99 —

B c a h OHTHMaAbHO© h o to m c tb o O H B aeT n p a npOHHX paB -

h h x y c jio B M x n a m e po3yjn>TaTOM h o a o b o p o oSnpeim H ,
-CBHBailHOrO C JOOdOiBMO, a JTEOSOBB OHHpaeTCH y OAHHX
H a HJiHTejiBHyio, y A p y r n x Ha KpaTKOBpeMenHyio
CBH3B, H SaBBCCHT HaCTO OT TSMHepaMeHTa CTOpOH,
TO UpH TaKHX yfiJIOBH-HX OflHH H TOT 3K0 p©3yAbTaT
(H a H Jiy n n ie e h o to m c tb o ) m o « o t 6 h t b floeT H rnyT p a3-
JIHHHHMH (JlOpMEMH HOAOBOPO OdipeHHH. Pa3yMe©TGH,
MeHIipUHCKHfi, HJIH, BepHOO, 6HOA'OrHH6CKHH, HOAXOfl
e B o n p o c y T p eS y e T y H e r a h ’A p y r u x cTopoH n p o 6 jie M H :
n p e lAyiipe3KAGHHH $h3HH©ckopo HCTornpHiia n p n n o -
a o b h x ciio iu eH iM X , H aH A y n m e t K O iiSim anHH (fimu-
necKux c b o S c tb a h e ;, BCTyHaiomnx- b cb h 3 b h ocTa-
BJIHEHpHX HOTOMCTBO H T. A- A BC6 9TO AHIHHHH p a3
A0'K a3H Baer, h t o H a bc© B03HHKaioin;Hie pA ecb B o iip o c u
HysKHo yMeTb HCKaTb OTBOTa y m o 'A h uh h h, n p n h©m
H606xOAHMO C A p y r o ii CTOpOHH, HTO'6 H COAHaJIHCTH-
H ecK aa MeAHipHHa yMOJia A aR a rb o th o iB e r t i KaE b
H a c m H x c jiy H a n x , TaK h b odipeft nocT anoB K e.
M h hoaohijih yace k tom HopMaM, BOTopH© ABKTy-
jotch .oaA.a'iaMH 4>h3HH©cbopo coxpjHeiin;i h yKpen.ne-
HHH paCH. HyjKHO OTM0THTB, HTO TOAbBO npH COH,Iia-
JIH3MC ara npO'CjieMa MO»eT 6 hti> h o c o b ichi BO B'CeM
od'beM©, DOTOMy hto TOAbBO npn copHaAHSM© hht©-
P©CH TpyAHipHXCH MajCC, COCTaBAHBOIAHX IIOAaBAHE)-
mee ’GoAbniHHCTBO oSipecTBa, CTaBHTCH h i nepBbift
HAaH, a Tew com km bhABiira io tc h Ha neprtJii naan
HI HHTCpeiCH (|3H3HHeCK0 r 0 COXpaHflHHH H (|)H3HHeCEOrO
OyAynpero 9 th x Macc. KanirraAH 3M h© mojeot nocra-
BHTb 9T0TO Bonpoca A8-®6 HJIH 6 y p « y a 3 H H , BBHAy
•cpaBHHTOAbHo TOKyHepo cocTaBa KaniiTaAHCTHHecBora
. 7*
 — 100 —

KJiacca (b npoTHBonojioskhoctb oocjiobhhm (|)eoji;ajii>-

nor© oSipeciBa), BcnepcTBiie rnydoRo HHAHBKnyaJiH-
cthhockhx npHHpini'O’B dypacyasHoro dura Boodipe h
rnaB H H M ofipaaoM BCJieACTBue topo, hto coeA H H em ie
jn o p e t (dpaK ) cpeiAH dypacyasmi hoathhoh 3 aA an e
«ooeAHHe.Haa KanHTanoB» n HOQTOMy He noAAaeTcn
MeAHpHHCKOfl perjiaMeHTaupH. Hto a s e icacaeTCfi ho-
AaBJTHioHiero dojibinnH C T B a HaieeneiHHH, T .-e. p a d o n u x
h •K.pacTbHHCBoP &QAHOTH, to HaHdoaee dHCTpOO Kanil-
TaJiHCTHHecBoe HaKonjieHHO h decnpeiiHTeTBeHHoe bh-
atHM aHHe n a p a d o p e ro i H aceneH B H M aiiciisiyM a n p n d a -
BOiHHOP CTOHMOCTH B08M0JRHH tKMIb.RO TOPAa, ROPAa
O' BA opoBbe padO HH x M acc R anH TajiH 3M y H e n p iix o -
A h tch BOBce A y n a T b . Oh h h o A yM an H H RorA a o hom,
p a c H O jia ra a o r p o jo io P p©3ep'BHoP apM H efi, ho cto h h h o
nonojiH H eM oP h o bh m h RappaM H h s p aso p / n o iu p x cH
peM,ecneHHHE0B h KpecTbHH. B y c n o B H a x I'o cn oiicT B a
dypsK yasH H p a d o rra fi K Jiaee s a m p ip a e T H H T ep ecu o x -
paHeH H H p a c H Jin n ib T e n , h to d o p e r c a 3a n y r n iH e
ycjiOBHH T p y p a h AodHBaeTOH H a o e s o B e A aH K ora
cooTH 0'HieHH.H c h j i MaKCKMyMa d n aro n p H H T O b rx y c n o -
bh P -AJiH CB oero M aT epH ajibH oro cymeoT.BOBaHH.ff.
Korpa padOHHt KJiace caM cranoBHTc.fi y BJiacru,
o h AeJiaerca y * e oroeTCTBeHHUM 3a (JmsiiHecKoe 3A0*-
poBbe Bcero odipecTBa. Ochobhhm ycjioBHeM c{)ii3H-
H6 CKOPO B03pO®A!eHHHi ptWiH ffBJIffeTCff, ROHeHHOt, yffH-
HTo*eHH6 Hpe3MepDoro Tpypa, yjiynnieHHe MarepH-
ajibHoro HOjiOHceiiHjr h jkhjihiiiiihx jcjiobhP, pa3BH-
THe CHCT6MH (^HBKHeCBOPO BOCHHTaHHH MaCC H T. A-
Hoi KpoM© B c ero btopo orpoM H oe 3HaiieiiHe AOjifRea
nojiyHHTb b dyAymeM ROHTpojib odipeciTBa HaA no-
 — 101 —
TOMCTBOM e r o HJieHOtB. C T0HKH 3peHHH COpHaHHCTH-
HecKOfi HBjiHeTCJT ooB-epmeHHO deecMbECJieHHHM B3rnHA
o T A ejitH o ro H Jie m o d iq ecT B a H a CBoe to jjo , k a e n a
cboio 6 e3 ycjio B H yio JiHHHyio coO crBeH H oeiB, n o ro M y
h t o h h a h b h a ecTi> jiHHib OTAeoibHaa TOHKa npH n e p e -
x o A e p o A a o t n p o n iJ io r o k d y A y m e M y . Ho b A e e n rb
p a 3 d o n e e deocMHCJieHHHM HBJiaeTC.H TaKOt ace B3rjiHA
H a «c©oe» h otqm ctbo . C y m ecrB yiO T m h jijih o h h C H $H -
JIHTHKOB, KOTOpHM AO'JHKHO 6HTb B HHTCpeCaX C'OXpa-
HeHHH p a c H K areropHHecKH aan p em eH O HMerb n o -
tom ctbo h tom o’TpaBJiHTb Kp-O'Bb i i H arpaacjSaT b n a p a -
C.H(|)HJIHTHHeCKHMH HpOHBJieHKHMH pHA G y A y n p X HO-
EojieHibft. Ho 3A ecb H yaen a' h o t o jib e o 3aKOHOAaT6Jib-
H an p e rjiaM e irran H H . HyjKHo K aT eropiiH ecK oe Tpedo-
B aH iie n p o jie r a p c K o ro odm-eeTBSHHoro m h ©h h h k c b o h m
H JienaM , H A ym eo b tom ace H airpaBJieiiH H . H y aen o co -
oTBeTCTByioinieo BHjTpeHHee ydeacA B H ne y c a M n x o o jib -
h h x , KOTOpoe (p o p M H p yerca npeacA© B c e ro h o a b jiiih -
HHfiM odm eeTBeH H oro MHeHHH O K pyaeaJonpix JiiOAefi.
To, HTO OTHOCHTC.H K CH(f>HJIHTHKaM, HpHMeHHMO H K
H ejioM y p a A y A p y r n x dojibH bix h A p y r u x r p y n n ,
ROTOpHM He c n e A y e r HMeTb noTOMCTBa b HH Tepecax
coxpaHeHHH pac,H . noTeHpHajibHH© MaTepaHCKHe HyB-
c x s a JKeHipHHH, *etn aH H e h m b t b hotom ctbo y M yae-
HIIHH, ©CJIH H TOft H AP.yrOMy HO dHOJIiOPHH0CRHM
COOdpaJKeHHHM H©JIb3H HMOTb HOITOMCTBa, HyaCHO paC-
CMETpiHBaTb JIIIIHb ICaiC CaHTHMeHTaJIbHH© JIHHHH6 H€-
pe® HBaHHH, KOTop-HM o G ipeprno He AOJISKHO h t t i i h i i
na KaKHe ycaynK H . Ohii comm a o j^ k h h noAaBjiHTb
9TH HyBCTBa B TOX 300 HHTepOCaX. M u He rOBOpiIM
y a o o o HeodxoAHMOCTH caM oft deenio-maAHOft d o p b d s c
 — 102 —

T6MH, EOTOpH-e paXinpOCTpaKHIOT H0JI0 EU6 dOJiesHH, He

3apyMHBaff&b' o to m , KaKOte npfecTymieHHe o h h pejiaiorr
npoTHB s p y r a x HJieHOB oOipecTsa, Hacro npoTHB
c b o h x jk© TOBapmn;eft no KJiaccy *).
IIpeaweBpeMeHHo cTaBBTb Bonpoe, m o sk h o j i h b 6y-
AyipeM oJKHAarb BMemaTejibCTBa eopHajuicTHTOCKoro
rocy^apcTBa, a Korjia ero He dyne?, BMemaTOJibCTBa
HayKH, b nojioByio 3KH3Hb B pejisx yJiyHHieHHH pad*
nyTOM HCKyceTBeHHoro1nojioBoro no«6opa. 3gecb Base
HyKHo jiHmb yicaaaTb na noJiHoe h CesycjioBiaoe npaBo
ofiipecTBa jflpBecTK oboiio pernaMeHrapHio h o jio b h x fcRs-
3©0 yaa;.e jip ororo npeae.ua. H Ha odimHirocTK
Kaataoro ujiena e opH auH C TH H ecK oro o d ip e c T B a HBuaer-
CH BOdpOBOJIbHO OCyipeCTBJIHTb B CBOeft 3KH3HH TO,
HTO 6yg& T npeaB H C H B aT bC H copn- B 3TO0 o S jia .e rH
ajibHO-6HOJiorHHecKO0 HeodxojpiMocTbK) *), ^opaiyjiH-
pyeMO0 HayKO0 .
BajKHe0me0 nopiiouBOft p un sce x KuaccoBux HopM
n p o n e ra p H a T a a B u u e rrc u H e to jib k o ac H o e coSH aE ne
KJiac'COBHx HHTepecoB eo cropoHH padoieii staccH,
h o h H O JiydeceosH aTejibH aH K jra e c o m a c n a it e a , n y e -

<) 0 x y M a io H sjiH in n e ^0K a3W BaTi> , h t o iip o iiO T a p c i;n e H H T e p e c u

TpeCyiO T caM o ft B H ep n m H o ft 6opb6bi c n p o c T H T y n ,n e t, n o c K o a tK y
OHa K o p e m iT c a n e t o im c o b c o ip ia n b H b ix y c jiO B iia x , BLi3biBaK >npix
ee n p e a JiO jK C iia e , i io C B a a a n a co c n p o c o n n a H e e , b to m a n c j i e
c o c n p o c o M b c p e j,e c a M o ro p a O o a e r o K J ia c c a .
2) B yp H tya3 H H H H H SH B in ya.!in 3M n p H x o j m b y«ac ot oxho A

TOJIbKO Mbicail 0 B03M03KH0CTH TaKOTO HCKyCCTBeHHOI'O IIOJIOBOrO

n o ^ S o p a b iiH T c p e c a x c o x p a H e n n a h y K p e ru ie H n a p a c H . H o to b
to caM oe B p e n a , icorja oh CHHTaeT e c T e c tB e m iH M noAH HH eH iie
(JjopMBT c e M t u ri n o .io B b ix cB H 3efl H H T epecaM n a c T H o fl c o 6 c t b c h -
HOCTH.
 — 103 —

c tb o K J ia c c a , po,,p,cTBO ©O' B ceM ii c b o h m h n o K a a c c y h

Bpa®EeGHOCTb n o oTHomeHHio k npeflC TaBH TeJiH M ra y -
HvHX K Jiac e o B . 9 t o ncuxojioriiH O CK O '© © a h h c tb o n p o -
jie T a p H a r a n r p a e r o k c h b B a a s H y i) p o jib b o B oeft e r o
OopbOe K an jifi, xaK h noene npo jieT ap eK O H poBO-
wIK>n,HH. B HaCTHOCTH, OHO' OOOpeHHO BaJK-HO H peHHo
b nepHOfl H a if a , Bor,n,a roeyA apeT B eH H oe xob HHctbo
B C T y n aer b n e p e n n e T c KanHTajiHiCTHHecKHMH (|>op-
MaMii xoBHitcTBa, h pafcTHHKH rocyHapcTBeHH'O'lt n p o -
MHIHJieHHOeTH BHHyjKAeHM HaXO'AHTb'CH B HOHpepHB-
HHX H,eaO>BSHX CBH3HX C HpeACTaBHTeJIHMH KaHHTajIH-
eT H 'iecK o ro MHpa h GypKyasHHMH cnepHaaH CTaM H.
B T ex c a y n a H X , rA© y H a in n x KOMMyHHCTOiB n S e c -
n a p n iflH H X , p aO o an x a x a cnafiKa c KJiaocoM o H B aer
c jia G a , ohh jio tk o noAAaroTCH b jih h h h io BpaJKEoGno®
cpcH H , BO Topas noK a e rp e (n p aB A a, He HaAOJiro) b
KyjIBTypHO'M OTHOHieHHH BHHI6 HpOJierapCKOt c p e f lf i ] ).
B pesyjiBTaTe mh H ad JH o aajiH y*e h npo^cwiH caeM
iia'jjncvTaTb TaKHe $aR T H o n yT H B aH iw n a in iix xoaaii-
cTBeH H bix paOoHHx O yp jK yasH H M ii B jesb p aM H , KaK bto
HMejiO' MeeTO', Hanp'HMep, b neHaJibHoft naMHTH Ope-
x 0 ‘B0“3yeBCK0M TpecTe. H H aoSopoT, TaM, r ^ e nya-
c t b O' C B oero K Jiacca y paSoHHX KpenKo, TaM h m rO'-
pa3B,o J ie r n e npoTHBOCTOiarb p a3Jiaraioin,H M b h h h h h h m
HBHOBCBO'fi c p e flH . OrciOAa npaKTHnecKHft b h b o a :
ycHJieHH© K JiaccoBofl c n a & H Meamy bco m h paSonHMii

f) 3to BUHamie BpaacaeOHofi Han KyjibTypH 3aMeiH0 Koe-

rae na pafioanx (JiaicyjibTeTax, rae paSoaaa MOJioaeacb HepejKO
noanaaaei noa b.i rumne ayacabix Han aaeMemoB H3 npenoaaBa-
TeabCKOft cpean. C sthmh iiaeoaorHaecKiiMii maTamaMH Hamefl
BoaoaeasH Ha* npaaeTca eme ae oaaH roa CopoTboa.
 — 104 —

s o Bicex 'o r p a c jia x p a 6 o :r a k 6ec.noro;a/ijioe ocysK fteH ne

s c e x n e o e p rn p o B H3 jipojierapc.K O 'fl ceMbH, TH H yrpiixcH
k 6yp»ya3HBiM 9JioM6HTaM h npe.uno’iHTaioniHX c p e ^ r
paOoHHX o S ip ecT B y n aniH X K JiaecoB H x s p a r e ® 1).
PiaciGMOTpKM ^ a ji e e e r p e oahh aK T yajib H b ui Bonpoe,
EonpoiC o MaTepiHajibBO'M paBericTBO BHyTpn npojieTa-
PHaTa ii BHyTpH KOMMyHHCTHHetcKoil n a p m i i n p n co -
BercKoit BJiacTn. B nepnon BoeHH-oro KioMMyKH3Ma m h
Jiajieic o n po B ejiH n p H m p n paBOHCTBa, h ara 6 h ;io
H60‘6 x o o tm o h BKO'HOMHHecKH h n o JiHTnnecKH. K o r ^ a
npo^yKTOB 6bnio M ano h H y a r a o O hjio n o jm ep & ta rb
c6opO'Hocno6o6HOCTb b rp aw n aH C K o fi BoftHe B o ero
p a P o n a ro K Jiacca., a r o p a B e ii’CTBO h i- h p c t h He oc.na-
Sjxh jio , a ycH JiH B ajio n a c n e p e n jih p o m n p a r a . K o r/ ia
jKe m h n e p e n u iH n a MnpHoe ncxiO/Kejute h n a p a S h jio

i) B KOMMyimcTH'iecKOft cpene b noc.ienHee Bpeuia sinoro

roBopaT o dpan a x k o m m y h h g t o b c JiHJjaMii H3 npyriix KJiaccoB ii
M iioro cnopaT o t o m , HacKoabKO o t o nonycTHMO. B cymHocm 3necb
HeT npodJieabi, pacc y a j a a npiiHnnniia.ibHO. 3 t o odaacTb MacTHbix
7j,ejr, x o t h noHHTHo Hey^a'iHbitt d p a K MoaceT B.rnaTb Bpejno n a jen-
TejibnocTb KOMiiyuHCTa. H o tan m o w e r BJiMTb h MHoroe npyroe,
hto m h ofibiKHOBeHHO ne npiiBJieicaeM k odcyajennio nan je.io
jiHMHoe. B o o d m e ace eejffl ajien n a pTHH nociynaeT ne no k o m m v -
HHCTH’iecKH, t o nano ero cynnTb 3a odbeKTHBHbie nocTyiiKii no
eymecrBy, He BnaBaact b H3bici;aiiMH, noneMV Tan Bbini.io. H o h t o
connajibHO Baacno b pacMEftpHBaeMOM Bonpoce, Tan b t o caesyio-
ui,ee. E cjih . Ky.MMyjiHCT acennTCH na acemanHe H3 dypacyasHofl
cpejbi, t o k OTomy icarc-TO c t h x h h h o , decco3HaTejtbno O T Homemie
dyner ropa3.no doaee cniicxoniiTC.TbHoe, >iea icorna dbi i c o m m v -
HHCTKa Bbirnaa 3aMyac :ia nenMaHa. H a TaKiix (JiaKTax aerne
Bcero npoBepiiTb, icaic niydoKO eme c n n m y nac b „npaBax“
a3naTHHHa weHCKoro HepaBHonpaBira n nBOflnofl Mopajni.
 — 105 —

c TeM xiejBO'BeqecKHM M aT epaajioM , KOTOpHfi y H ac 6 h ji

h c treMH CTHMyjiaMii k T p yjp y, KOTopbie co xp aH H jm eb
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 — 106 —

meHira h HanpaBJiaerca upesKjie Beero npoTHB Taicnx

(J>opM HepaBenc'im, KOTopne cobcom ne BH3HBaiorcH'.
irpOH3BOflCTBeHHOK aeOdXOHKMOCTbB. 9 t o t UpOTeCT dy-
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pacra ypoiBBHB KBajiH(|)HKanini Bcerb padoHero KJiacca,
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f HafiHO BpeHH’O B TOM OTHOHieHHH, h to m oskot npHBecTH
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9 tot npopeeie d yneT tbm o n a c n e fi, hom d o jib m e s e e
H0BHX H HOBHX HOHrOTOBJieHHHX CHJI H3 UOJLOBeSKK
 — 107 —

d y n e r H p ru m B aT b H a p y K O B O A a n p e h o c t h n a p r H 0 H o r a
h coBCTCK oro a n n a p a T a , h 9 t h h o b h b c h ji h d yA JT
B C T p enaT b c o n p o iH B Jie H H e , A H R TyeM oe othk >a b He
H H TepecaM H o o A H a jin c T H a e c K o ro CTpoH rejiB CT Ba.
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y » e h Tenepb nopa noAHarb rojioe npoTHB raitHX
pa3MepoB HepaBeHCTBaBonjiaT©, RoropoeecTb npoAyKT
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 — 108 —

cymecTBGBa-Hna: rocynapcTBeH H Btx p r Oo th h e o b . H

x othpaBencTBO crmo n o c e d e , p &boh ctbo b o hto 6 u to
hh cTajio-, ho npepjjTaBJLHeT H3 c e 6 a c a ^ o e m a re jiB H M
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HCHXOJIOrHH MOJIOflOTO HOKOJieHHH paOoHHX.
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B npeHejiax npoH3BoneTBeHHo-H©o6xoniiM'0;ro< mh h o jijk -
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CTBHHMH), C paCO'TOM B KO’MMyHHCTHHeCKO'0 HapTIIH?
•He ©tout-jih Bonpoe snecB TaK: jih&o1 caMocTOHTejiB-
 — 109 —

Hoe xoaaftcTBO , jih S o KOMMyHHCTHHecKaa n a p m a ? Ta-

Koe « h jih — h jih » cobcom n e oSaBaTejibHO . K o M M ym ier-
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b n a p r n io , o h to m eaMHM Ha cbo© Hii.UHBHflyajibHoe
xoaaScT BO p,oji5k©h OMOTperb He KaK H a p eo ib , a k e k
H a icpe^jerBio; k Hamefl: KOMMyBHCTEraecKOia p e jin . H h h -
mh c jio sa M H : e c n n o h MO®er ■Chtb o6pa3n;oBHM xo-
sh h h o m h b o o th npoparaH ,E [y dejioM h o b h x enoco&OB -
O0pa6OTKH 36MJ1H, OCTaBaHCb ftOOpEEM ROMMyHHCT'OM,
t o 9TO x o p o m o . E c jr a o h m o k o t 6 h t b oOpaapoBHM
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m ojkho C K aaaT b: x o p o n n n c x o sh h h o m t h MOSKomb h\
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COpCTBeHHHM XOqMCTBOM HaHHHaeT HBBOt BpeffiHTb BH-
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we HjreHH H a m e fl napnnr, KOiyta Oh j i h b nojmojibH,
coBMeiparb caMy® paanooGpasHy® pa6ory am i flp&n-
BaHHH MarepiHajibHbix cpe&cTB c jxeHrejibHofl pa.6o-
Tofl b napTHH-, Kan paSoToft ocHOBHoft, KOTopoil nepBaji
6n:ia nojpmneHa KaK cpe&crBO. C 9toS to h kh 3pe-
hhh pemaerr&a 11 pejinil pa# ypyn-ix nppojieM, ctoh-
iii ,h x n e p e ® ^epeBeHCBHM i K O M M yH H dPM : b KaKHx (pop-
 — 110 —

M ax h b KaKOM od-bOM e MO/KHO n p n d e r a T b k ro p ro B H M

onepapH H M h t . a-
IIp H B eA e H H H e B aM H npnM epH H3 o d n a c T H npone-
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B H X , 9TH HOpMH pO aJIbHO C y m e C T B yiO T , H BO-BTOpHX,
h to ohh HOH3&ejKHo dyA yr c y rp e c T B O B a T b ao T ex
ncp, H o r n c y m e e T B y io T iw a o c H . B h j i o 6 h c o B e p m e H H o
’ H e B e p o h t h h m , e c m i d b n e p n o A A H K T a r y p b i n p o o ie T a -
pnara h c y m ec T B O B a H H H co u ,H ajiH C T H H ec.K o ro ro cy-
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H BOQAefi'CTBHH HOJJOrO H a CBOH HaCTH, HTOdbl 9TH
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nocm aeum b ca.M biH Bonpoc o M o p a jr a h k jk ic c o b h x
H opM ax. Ho yjK © H3 c K a 3 a H H o r o b h a h o , K aK .yio n o 3 H -
H iiio c j i e A y o r 3aH H T b b O TH om eH H H T o r o c t h x k & h o i x )
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• cp eA H nacT H n p o jie 'T a p c K o ® M 0 Jio A e ® H , h K o ro p H tf
Be 3 H a e T , A <>«yAa n p o c T H p a e r c H e r o A e flc T B n e . E c j i h
nOH H M aTb HOA 9THM aMOpaJIH3M OM 0 T p n n ;a H H e npa-
b h ji 6 y p ® y a 3 H 0 li h M ejiK O -d yp sK yaH H O fi M o p a jm b
TeopH H h H a npaKTHK© h p a e o d J ia H e H A e 9 t o p o «B H e-
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T a ic o K « a M o p a jiH 3 M » e c r b , b c y m H o c r u , M apKCHCTCKoe,
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 — Ill —
j p p y r i i x K JiaccoB. E c jih * e 9 t o t aM opajiH3M n e p e x o p u r
B OTpupaHHO B'CHKHX HOpM BOOfiipe, CJiepOBaTeJIbHO,
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b oScTaHOBite HeeaKOH'ieHBO® K Jiaccoso® 6 o p b 6 n
HBjuieTCH b jjy % n e M c j i y n a e yTonpHeeKo® MaHHJioB-
m HH oft h TeopoTHHecitoii n y r a P H p e f i, b x y rn n oM— n p o -
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aHapxHHCCKoro HHpHBHpyajiH3Ma. Ho c B e p e e s c e r o ,
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OT MOpaJIbHHX n y T , HaBH3aHHHX 9KCHJI0aTaT0pCKHMH
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b C B oefl npaKTHBe b orpoMHOM SojibniHHCTBe p o 6 p o -
coBecTH o n o p H H H ae ic a o c h o b h h m hopmhm c s o e r o
RJI3X3C3 .

E y a y m e e KJiaccoBbix HopM.

Z* no Mepe paeBHTHJi pepHajmcTHHecKHx oTHOinemM

mpojieTapcKHie KJiaceoBHe HopMH CypyT H3MeHarbca
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hjeee ppyro® O'fijiaeTH, peryjmpyeMO® KJiaccoBHMH
HopMaMii, Hanaji b HHTepecax csoero KJiacca nocTy-
naTb Hiia'ie, hgm piHbme, pjin 9toto ho Hyamo npuHy-
ppTejibHOix) B03pe®CTBHJd Ha Hero oCEpecTBeHBoro mho-
hhh ero KJiacca. Oh nocTeneifflo npiiy hutch asro-
 — 112 —

M&THH©cKii nepeH ocH Tb b cboio npaKTHHecByio p e n -

TejIbHOCTb BOB |TO, HTO PfiKTjmOB. HayKOH II OOrpT-IM
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p u n 6opb&H c 9TO0 npuBbiHKOH, h to 5 C H an aJia y n o p -
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CTBeiiHote M H eirne 6ojibHrHHCTBa K Jiacc a, a sare M o r a
HOBa.H HopiMa npiH H ypH Tejibno p acn p o cT p aH H jiacb n a
B cex HJiBHOB K Jiacca h HOiZmepmHBajiacb paBjieH H eM
ero oeip'ecTBeHHOPO M H eH as. 0 6 m ,e e n o B H n ieH iie
ypiOBHH K y jI b iy p H H COaHaTCJIbHOCTII paOOTHHKOB c o -
n,HajiHCTHHe:CKoro 0'6ipeeTBa 6yflOTBHpaHvaTb'CH jiejKpy
HpOHHM H B TOM, HTO OHH HayHaTCH BHHOJIHHTb BCO
copHaJibHo-HeoOxopHMoe e popa3,n,o S o jib in e fi j i e r -
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3aCTO'0HHX OfimeCTBeHHHX (llOpMapHHX, KOPpa o c y -
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xeM pacnpocTpaH eH BH K aK oa-JHi6o hoboH M opajiH .
n p H B e n y npH M ep. ^ony-CTHM, Ha onpeiHeJieHHOft c r a -
H hh p aaB irm H coHHajiHCTHnecKoro o&in,ecxBa n o TeM
h j ih h h h m npHHHHaM HjeropoJBneHHe n o c m r jio y r p o -
ataio m ,ep o MHHiiMyMa. .ZIpcTaTOHHO' H a y n e 3 a 6 ir r b T pe-
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nejiajiH HCMeaJieHHO, co3HaTejibHo h AoSpoBOJibno.
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KaKyio-TO OKOcTeHeBinyK) co H H ajib n yio HopMy Ha B een
t o t HepnoH, HOKa n e ycTaHOBHTCH b oPmpcTBe HyJK-
HOH nponopH HH MOJKHy CMepraOCTbK) II pa3MHOJKO-
IIK6M.
 — 113 —

3 to e OHHOfi CTOpOHH. C Hpyi’O® CTOpOIKHJ, H0GO-

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0 MOpa-HH H KJiaCCOBUX HOpMaX. 8
 — 114 —

AfeffietHHjeM odmeoTBa. B r o p o e : mojkho KttHcraTHpoBaTb,

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 O T J I A B J IE H H E .

Cmp.
B M e c io n p e j H C i O B i i a ................................................................................... 3
M opaab h n p a B O ............................... 7
C y O te K T H B H b ie n,eaH h o 6beK T H B H H e n o ca e A C T B H H ......... 9
v HpaBCTBeHHBift— noJie3HHJ}; 6e3HpaBCTBeHHHfl— B p e jH tifi. . 11
'I 3 b 0 II0 H H H MOpailbHLIX H op w . . ......................................................... 13
/M op aab b oaccoBO M o 6 m e c T B e . . 17
v T a ic H a3H B aeM H e B e a m ie M o p a a b H b ie h c th h h ........................... 29
C o q n a a b H b ift hhcthhkt h K a a c c o B B iS H H ie p e c .......................... 39 „
'• O y m e c x B y e T a s ir p o a e T a p c ic a a M o p a a b r '............................................ 53
K a a c c o B b i e H opM H n p o a e T a p a a r a n o peB oaiortH H .................... 65
K a a c c o B b ie HopMH npoaeiapaaTa n o c a e p e B o a io ip in . . . . 73
B y a y ip e e uaccoBHX HopM ......................................................................I l l
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2015147980