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Standard

Inspection & Maintenance Guidelines


for
High Power Rectifier Systems

REVISION

Rev. Page (P) Date


Ind. Chapter (K) Description Dept. / Init.
A All Additional information ATPS / W.Bider
B All After internal review meeting 15.07.04
ATPR / R.Pai
C 5.4.1 / 5.5.1 Check for Water Tightness 1.9.05
ATPR / S.Ebner
D All General update 20.04.07
ATPS A. Kazzer
ATPR M. Brunzel

Title Inspection & Maintenance Guidelines


Date (dd.mm.jjjj) /
prepared
22.01.1998 Willi Bider Project name Standard
Date (dd.mm.jjjj) /
updated
15.07.2004 Rajesh Pai Project number

Date (dd.mm.jjjj) /
approved
17.07.2004 Shripad Tambe Responsible
Division
ATPR / ATPS
Document number Language Rev. Ind. Page / Pages

ABB Switzerland Ltd 3BHS205792E01 EN D 1 / 18


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List of content

1 INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................3
2 SAFETY........................................................................................................................3
3 LEVEL OF PERSONNEL..............................................................................................4
4 REQUIREMENTS .........................................................................................................4
5 INSPECTION & MAINTENANCE PROGRAM ..............................................................5
5.1 Equipment check after head run test and before commercial hand over to the
customer ..............................................................................................................5
5.2 Daily Inspection....................................................................................................7
5.3 Weekly Inspection ................................................................................................9
5.4 Monthly Inspection / Maintenance ......................................................................10
5.5 Maintenance after First 6 Months of Operation...................................................11
5.6 Annual Maintenance (every 12 months) .............................................................12
5.7 Maintenance Every 24 Months ...........................................................................15
6 HEALTH AUDIT..........................................................................................................16
7 REPLACEMENT SCHEDULE FOR KEY COMPONENTS..........................................18

List of tables

Table 1: Equipment check after head run test and before commercial hand over to the customer
............................................................................................................................................ 6
Table 2: Daily Maintenance and Inspection Program.................................................................. 8
Table 3: Weekly Maintenance and Inspection Program .............................................................. 9
Table 4: Monthly Maintenance and Inspection Program ........................................................... 10
Table 5: Half Yearly Maintenance and Inspection Program ...................................................... 11
Table 6: Yearly Maintenance and Inspection Program.............................................................. 14
Table 7: Maintenance and Inspection Program after 2 years.................................................... 15
Table 8: Health Audit................................................................................................................ 17
Table 9: Recommended replacement schedule for key components........................................ 18

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1 INTRODUCTION
The intent of this document is to provide important guidelines to maintain the rectifier
system in order to ensure their high reliability, availability and a longer lifetime.
The guideline is divided into three parts:
Inspection & Maintenance Program
Inspection / Maintenance not requiring power shutdown (approximately.


190 hrs / year cumulatively over entire year)


Refer Section 5.2, 5.3 and 5.4
Inspection / Maintenance requiring power shutdown (approximately. 14


hrs during first year of operation, 8 hrs in following years


Refer Section 5.5, 5.6 and 5.7
Health Audit
Replacement Schedule for Key Components

2 SAFETY
Pay attention to following safety instructions during inspection, troubleshooting and
maintenance practice.
DANGER!
All national, local and proprietary safety instructions must always be
followed.
After a trip of one unit it is possible that other units remain energized.
The DC disconnector switches might be still energized.
Even after the rectifier / process supply has been switched off, the
busbar voltage decays very slowly and one hour later may still be much
higher than 50V and is therefore still dangerous!
Check if there is no voltage on any of the AC / DC busbars concerned.
Secure the working area with adequate measures. (i.e. grounding,
protection covers, etc.)
Dangerous voltages from external control circuits may be present inside
the rectifier equipment, even if the equipment is disconnected from the
main power supply.
High voltages can cause life-threatening injury or death.
Take appropriate measures when working on the rectifier equipment i.e.
de-energize and disconnect all external devices before work is started.

WARNING!

! Always consider high temperatures at all live components. Do not touch


The rectifier equipment is a high voltage device!
Troubleshooting has to be done only by qualified personnel, with
adequate knowledge & experience using proper replacement parts &
adequate tools. Failing to do so can result in injury and/or damage to the
Rectifier Equipment.

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CAUTION!
Static discharge can damage electronic parts. Always discharge yourself
before you touch any electronic parts in the control cabinet. Do only
touch copper bars with a protective earth or grounding symbol. Other
bars might be energized.
Always refer to the instructions given in the Manual when exchanging a
semiconductor.
Using not recommended spare parts could damage the Rectifier
Equipment or disturb proper operation.
Use only ABB recommended spare parts according to the Spare Parts
List

NOTICE!
Only qualified personnel with adequate knowledge, experience and
proper tool is allowed to work on the equipment.
For the existing plants these guidelines should be followed in
conjunction with Operation & Maintenance Manual supplied along with
the equipment.

IMPORTANT!
Refer to plant specific documents such as Protection Relay Settings,
Rectifier bay Earthing, Transformer documentation, Rectifier
documentation, User Manuals etc.

3 LEVEL OF PERSONNEL
Level of Responsibility of personnel for performing the tasks,
Level 1 Plant Operator / Service Personnel
Level 2 Service Personnel / Engineer

Level 3 ABB Service Engineer

4 REQUIREMENTS
Following tools are generally required:
Multi-meter, Megger 500V Thermo-Stickers
  

Oscilloscope Clamp-Amp meter PC with control system


  

AC/DC software
Current Probe for Temperature Gun
 

Thyrsitor gate trigger


pulse measurement

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5 INSPECTION & MAINTENANCE PROGRAM

5.1 Equipment check after head run test and before commercial hand over to the
customer
For safety reasons the equipment must be switched off (de-
energized) and carefully grounded for this maintenance work
! Respect all the instructions given in Section “Safety” of this
document

Consult first and second level maintenance personnel.


Supervision by first and second level maintenance personnel.
Notice
Revise first and second level maintenance program.

Step Maintenance Work Action Personnel


5.1.1 Visual Inspection of Installation Level 3
Check and remove dust, humidity, shavings or other Visual check
loose items inside and outside of any components.
Clean
Immediately remove, clean and fix.
Check rectifier cabinet and Control Panels, if necessary Clean
vacuum clean any dust.
Remove
Check cabinet for loose material (i.e. Washers, Nuts, tie-
Replace
wraps etc.) and replace.
Check and if necessary adjust: Visual Check
& Tighten.
Tightness of all 'Fast-on' connections
Terminals in the control panels and marshalling boxes.
Check number and position of all safety Replace
instructions/signs mounted inside the converter and
outside the converter block.
Replace any missing instructions/signs.
Check position of protection shields (protection against Replace
unintentional contact / touching).
Replace any missing shields.
Check all busbars and bolted busbar connections for hot Visual check
spots.
Check enclosure for hot spots. Visual check

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5.1.2 Mechanical Check of Installation Level 3
Perform overall check of bolted electrical and Tighten using
mechanical connections to see if they are firmly fitted: hand tool
Bolting of transformer bushings
Clamping of rectifier components such as
semiconductors, fuses, busbar connections.
!
Check all grounding connections.
Check insulating clearance of rectifier, rectifier Visual check
transformer, secondary bushings, AC / DC busbars and
flexible connections, cooling hoses and joints.
Inspect welding joints at rectifiers, busbars Visual check
Check all cooling hose, cooling boxes and Heat sinks. Visual check,
fix and
Check torque of cooling hose / junction clamps
replace
Check for leakages
5.1.3 Check of Control System Resource Level 3

Check temperature of power supply units. Measure


Check inside temperature and humidity (condensation of Clean
water). !
Check terminal connection. Tighten
5.1.4 Check of cooling unit Drawings Level 3

Confirm operational data of cooling system according to Visual check


rated values of cooling circuit diagram.
Check de-ionized water (DIW) conductivity and confirm Visual check
value according to User Manual.
Perform de-ionized water (DIW) static pressure test Perform
(1.5x rated pressure drop, max 6.5 bars for 30 minutes.)
Check for leakages and if necessary tighten.

Table 1: Equipment check after head run test and before commercial hand over to the customer

Estimated Working Time: 4-6 hours / system


Estimated System Downtime: 6 Hours / system
Requirements: Hand tools, Thermo-Stickers or Temperature Gun, oil
tester

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5.2 Daily Inspection
NOTE: This inspection and maintenance can be performed while the equipment is
still energized and running. No system shutdown is required.

! Please respect all warning instruction given in Section “Safety” of this document

If during inspection any abnormalities are detected, it should be addressed


immediately or taken up in the next maintenance shutdown provided there is
no risk of running the equipment. e.g. Redundant pumps / fans, N-1
semiconductor etc.

Step Inspection Work Action Personnel


5.2.1 Operational data at various duty points Level 1
Line voltage and current Read &
Plant power factor Record
Filter Voltage / Current 

Regulating  / Rectifier transformer primary currents


Regulating Transformer NLTC / OLTC position and
operation counter local readings. 

Saturable Reactor control current 

Rectifier DC voltage and DC current


Thyristor firing angle in case of a Thyristor Rectifier
System 

Counter reading i.e. DC MWh, DC Vh 

5.2.2 Ambient temperature Level 1


Outdoor temperature Read &
Rectifier room/container temperature Record
Control room temperature

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5.2.3 Equipment temperature Level 1
Transformer oil cooler inlet / outlet temperature  Read &
Rectifier Cooling Water  /DIW inlet / DIW outlet and Raw Record
water temperature


Rectifier DIW flow and pressure.


Saturable Reactor Core and Conductor temperature
(when mounted outside the transformer) 

Regulating  & Rectifier transformer oil temperature


Regulating  & Rectifier transformer winding temperature
Regulating & Rectifier transformer oil condition monitoring
system (Calisto or Hydran) Gas in Oil / Water in Oil
readings 

Table 2: Daily Maintenance and Inspection Program

Estimated Working Time: 30 Minutes


Estimated System Downtime: None

 If applicable

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5.3 Weekly Inspection
NOTE: This inspection and maintenance can be performed while the equipment is
still energized and running. No system shutdown is required.

! Please respect all warning instruction given in Section “Safety” of this document

Step Inspection Work Action Personnel

5.3.1 Transformer Level 1


Regulating  & Rectifier Transformer oil level. Read &
Record
Regulating & Rectifier Transformer Highest Winding

Read &
temperature (Red Pointer in WTI). Record
Regulating & Rectifier Transformer Highest oil

Read &
temperature (Red Pointer in OTI). Record
Check Cooler Fans and Pumps for any abnormal Take Standby Level 2
noise. Fan / Pump in Replace
operation during
shutdown
5.3.2 Saturable Reactor Coolers (when mounted outside Level 1
the transformer) 

Check Cooler Fan and Flappers for any abnormal Read &
noise. Record
5.3.3 Rectifier Level 1
Cooling Water  /DIW level. Read &
Record
Cooling water  /DIW circuit pressure. Read &
Record
Static pressure in pressurized system 

De-Ionized Water (DIW) conductivity 


Read &
Record
De-Ionized Water leakages Read &
Record
5.3.4 Cooling water  /DIW pumps & Cooling ventilator Level 1
Check for any abnormal noise. Visual / noise
check

Table 3: Weekly Maintenance and Inspection Program

Estimated Working Time: 30 Minutes / system


Estimated System Downtime: None
Requirements: None
 If applicable  In case of Air cooled rectifier with air to water heat-exchanger
 DIW Conductivity should be as low as possible e.g.: Rectifier with Aluminum heat sink /
profile ≤ 5 µS/cm and Copper heat sink / profile ≤ 10 µS/cm.

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5.4 Monthly Inspection / Maintenance
NOTE: This inspection and maintenance can be performed while the equipment is
still energized and running. No system shutdown is required.

! Please respect all warning instruction given in Section “Safety” of this document

Step Maintenance / Inspection Work Action Personnel


5.4.1 Transformer Level 2
Check silica gel and if necessary replace. Visual check Shut down
Check flanges, valves and bushings for leakage (oil and Replace Repair
water) and if necessary repair.
Check flow Indicators. Visual /
Check pumps and ventilators for any abnormal noise. Audible check
Read & record
5.4.2 Rectifier cooling Level 2
Check flanges, hose junctions and valves for leakage. Visible check
DIW inlet & outlet temperature (secondary cooling water  ). Read
DIW level (secondary cooling water  ). Record
DIW pressure (secondary cooling water ). Repair


!
Check DIW pumps for abnormal noise (secondary cooling
water pumps ). 

DIW flow (secondary cooling water  ).


Cooling ventilator (check for abnormal noise).
DIW conductivity.

Changeover to second pump to equalize running time of the Manual


pumps . 

5.4.3 Control panels and auxiliary panels Level 2


Inside Temperature and humidity (condensation water). Visible check
Check heater operation and air-conditioners. Visible check
Check inside of panel for dust and odors. Visible check

Table 4: Monthly Maintenance and Inspection Program

Estimated Working Time: 60 Minutes /system


Estimated System Downtime: None
Consult records of first level maintenance personnel.
Requirements: Silica gel, resin, de-inonized water, gaskets, bearings (if applicable)
 If applicable
 In case of air-cooled rectifier with air to water heat-exchanger (secondary cooling water).

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5.5 Maintenance after First 6 Months of Operation
For safety reasons the equipment must be switched off (de-
! energized) and carefully grounded for this maintenance work
Respect all the instructions given in Section “Safety” of this
document

Step Maintenance Work Action Personnel


5.5.1 Visual and mechanical inspection Level 1
Check and remove dust, humidity, shavings or other loose Visual check
items inside and outside of any components. Immediately
Clean
remove, clean and fix.
Rectifier Container / Room and Control / Auxiliary Panels. Clean
5.5.2 Transformer Cooling Level 2
Clean heat exchanger. As per Manual
Check for abnormal noises when Pumps / fans are
running. !
In case of abnormal noise: Replace
a) Switch the AC main breaker. OFF
b) Switch "Aux-OFF”
c) Open and lock safety switch.
d) Replace fan / fan-motor bearings.
5.5.3 Rectifier cooling Level 2
Rectifier cooling water / DIW circuit temperature Read
Rectifier cooling water / DIW level Fill !
Flanges, hose junctions and valves for leakage Clean
Abnormal noise pumps for abnormal noise. Replace
Changeover to second pump to share pump running time. Operate
Clean heat exchanger. Clean
5.5.4 Control Panels and auxiliary Panels Level 2
Check inside temperature and humidity (condensation of Clean
water). !
Check terminal connection. Tighten
5.5.5. Flexible connections Level 2
Check flexible connections between transformer and Tighten,
rectifier.
Clearance

Table 5: Half Yearly Maintenance and Inspection Program

Estimated Working Time: 6 Hours /system


Estimated System Downtime: 1.5 Hours
Requirements: De-inonized water, resin, vacuum cleaner.

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5.6 Annual Maintenance (every 12 months)
For safety reasons the equipment must be switched off (de-
energized) and carefully grounded for this maintenance work
! Respect all the instructions given in Section “Safety” of this
document

Consult first and second level maintenance personnel.


Supervision by first and second level maintenance personnel.
Notice
Revise first and second level maintenance program.

Step Maintenance Work Action Personnel


5.6.1 Visual Inspection of Installation Level 2
Check and remove dust, humidity, shavings or other Visual check
loose items inside and outside of any components.
Clean
Immediately remove, clean and fix.
Check rectifier cabinet and Control Panels, if necessary Clean
vacuum clean any dust.
Remove
Check cabinet for loose material (i.e. Washers, Nuts, tie-
Replace
wraps etc.) and replace.
Check and if necessary adjust: Visual Check
& Tighten.
Tightness of all 'Fast-On' connections
Terminals in the control panels and marshalling boxes.
Terminals at the transformer, rectifier and junction boxes
Check number and position of all safety Replace
instructions/signs mounted inside the converter and
outside the converter block.
Replace any missing instructions/signs.
Check position of protection shields (protection against Replace
unintentional contact).
Replace any missing shields.
Check for Cable / Wire insulation deterioration Replace

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5.6.2 Mechanical Check of Installation Level 2
Perform overall check of bolted electrical and Tighten using
mechanical connections to see if they are firmly fitted: hand tool
Bolting of transformer bushings
Clamping of rectifier components such as
semiconductors, fuses, busbar connections
!
All grounding connections
Flushing of cooling water hoses
Check insulating clearance of rectifier, rectifier Visual check
transformer, secondary bushings, AC / DC busbars
and flexible connections, cooling hoses and joints.
Inspect welding joints at rectifiers, busbars Visual check
Capacitors to be checked for leakages. Visual check
Measure faraday value. & Measure
Check all cooling hose junctions, cooling boxes and Visual check
Heat sinks. and Replace
Check torque of cooling hose clamps.
Check for leakages.
Perform de-ionized water (DIW) static pressure test Perform
(1.5x rated pressure drop, max 6.5 bars for 30
minutes.)
Check for leakages and if necessary tighten.
5.6.3 Transformer oil (Breakdown Voltage, Dissolved Test Level 2
Gas Analysis etc)
5.6.4 Check of Control System Resource Level 3

Perform functional test of all alarm and trip signals Perform


from source to sink (end to end). Check annunciation
of Alarm and trip signals. Confirm breaker protection
tripping.
Perform functional test of DC isolators Drawings
Perform functional test of AC Isolator. Drawings
Perform functional test of Main Breaker. ON, OFF & Drawings
TRIP circuits must be carefully tested. Make sure that and
OFF & TRIP circuits are functioning independently Switchgear
from each other. (Refer switchgear manual) Manual.
Perform parameter test and adjustment (applicable Software
with PSR1 Control System).
Calibration of Temperature Indicators e.g. Refer to
Transformer oil / winding temperature, DIW Manual
temperature.

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Thyristor gate trigger measurement (applicable for Measure
Thyrsitor Rectifier Plants)
Check temperature of power supply units. Measure
Measure auxiliary supply and power supply unit Measure
voltages.
5.6.5 Overall cleaning Level 2
5.6.6 Operational tests of all protective elements Drawings Level 3

Table 6: Yearly Maintenance and Inspection Program

Estimated Working Time: 24 Hours / system


Estimated System Downtime: 8 Hours / system
Requirements: Thermo-Stickers or Temperature Gun, oil tester

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5.7 Maintenance Every 24 Months
For safety reasons the equipment must be switched off (de-
energized) and carefully grounded for this maintenance work
! Respect all the instructions given in Section “Safety” of this
document

Step Maintenance / Inspection Work Action Personnel


5.7.1 Visual and mechanical inspection of Control Level 3
System (e.g. ABB AC 800PEC / PSR)

Printed Circuit Boards (Handle PCBs with special Clean


care!)
Remove any dust with an anti-electrical static mini
vacuum cleaner.

5.7.2 Grounding: Hand tools Level 2


Check all ground connections.
Measure ground loop resistance.
5.7.3 Measure Insulation value of all the motors and keep Megger Level 2
records for comparison.
5.7.4 Test all protection relay for proper functioning. Test Level 2

Table 7: Maintenance and Inspection Program after 2 years

Estimated Working Time: 2 Hours / system.


Estimated System Downtime: 2 Hours / system.
Requirements: Hand tools / vacuum cleaner / relay test kit

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6 HEALTH AUDIT
ABB recommends conducting Health Audit first time after the guarantee period is over
or five years after commercial start of operation and subsequently every two years. It is
recommended that at least first audit is carried out by ABB experts.

Step Health Check Brief description of work Reference


6.1 Transformer Record temperature readings, User Manual
oil samples, study status and and Technical
provide recommendations. Specification
6.2 Rectifier Record temperature readings, User Manual
diode-clamping check, study and Technical
status and provide Specification
recommendations.
6.3 Rectifier fuses Clamping, temperature at User Manual
various loads, study and and Technical
recommendations. Specification
6.4 Rectifier cooling Water temp, flow; pressure User Manual
recording, record temperature and Technical
readings, study and Specification
recommendations.
6.5 Over voltage protection Checking of all the components Electrical
and recommendations Scheme.
6.6 Protection relays Checking protection relays by Relay Setting
voltage supply or current document
injection and re-confirm relay
setting as per setting
documents.
6.7 Auxiliaries, motors for pumps, Insulation value and current Maintenance
fans, etc. measurement record book
6.8 Transducers checking Temperature, current, voltage Electrical
measurement, study and Scheme.
(If applicable)
recommendations
6.9 Control System Check the electronics, power Electrical
supplies, all spare cards and Scheme.
necessary recommendations.
Check the hot standby
functionality. (If applicable)
6.10 Trip concept Check normal, backup and Electrical
common trips Scheme.
6.11 Reverse current relay & Arc Functional testing with current if Electrical
detection (If applicable) possible or trip by simulation Scheme.
6.12 General cleaning, tightening of all Connections and grounding Grounding
terminals, etc. checks document,

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6.13 General inspection of reactors Support, insulation, cooling, Electrical
temperature, study and Scheme and
(If applicable)
recommendations Layout.
6.14 End to end test of all alarm and Oil level, DIW level, oil Electrical
trip signal temperature etc. Scheme
6.15 End to end test of important trips Buchholz, Pressure Relief Electrical
with main breaker Valve, Emergency Stop etc Scheme
6.16 Performance Supervision Observe line currents, DC Electrical
current and DC voltage during Scheme
operation
Observe balance between two
six pulse systems
6.17 Rectifier current distribution / Measurements of current Rectifier
temperature measurement distribution or temperature in Scheme and
parallel semiconductor devices layout

Table 8: Health Audit

A Health Audit Report will be prepared by ABB expert, which contains,


All above mentioned performance parameters of the Rectifier System.


Recommendations e.g. replacement of parts, tuning of current controllers etc.




Upgrade or Retrofit potential.




Estimated Working Time: 2 days / systems


Estimated System Downtime: 8 Hours (Reading and performance supervision is done while
Rectifier is in operation)
Requirements: Hand tools / Measuring Instruments

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7 REPLACEMENT SCHEDULE FOR KEY COMPONENTS
Following is the ABB recommended schedule for replacement of key components.
7.1 ABB’s Rectifier Years from start-up
Presence
5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
7.1.1 Fuses

7.1.2 Semiconductors

7.1.3 Over voltage

protection and
snubber circuits
7.1.4 Explosion ring

(if mounted)
7.1.5 Fuses pre-mag

panel (diode plants)


7.1.6 Power part wiring

7.1.7 Cooling boxes

7.1.8 Hoses / Manifold

7.1.9 Insulation material

7.2 Cooling System


5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
7.2.1 Gaskets

7.2.2 Motor bearings

7.2.3 Pump sealing’s

7.2.4 Heat exchanger

7.3 Control
Electronics 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
7.3.1 Control electronics

7.3.2 Power supply

7.3.3 Thyristor gate

triggering electronic
/ triax cables
7.3.4 Hardware for HMI

System (supervisory
system)
7.3.5 RTU Electronics

(Remote Terminal
Unit)
7.4 DC Isolators

(springs, contacts,
fingers)
7.5 DC measuring

system
7.6 Cables

7.7 Transformer:
Please refer to
transformer manual

ABB representative’s presence is recommended. In other cases it is optional.


Table 9: Recommended replacement schedule for key components

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