ABSTRACT

The purpose for this experiment is used to prepare the soap and to compare its properties to that of a
synthetics detergent. Then, to know the existence in the form of precipitation, emulsification and
cleaning abilities between soap and synthetic detergent. Prepare soap by saponification method. The
soap had been made and used various test to determine its properties.

The prepared soap then compared with synthetics detergent by using oil emulsification test, pH test,
hard water test, acidic test and also cleansing test. The hard water test use CaCl2, MgCl2 and FeCl3.

Based on the experiment, it can concluded that soap has the properties of emulsifying oil whereas
detergent has not. The abilities of forming precipitates can be seen clearly in soap solution whereas
detergent forms no precipitates at all. For comparison for cleansing abilities, is the most clean is diluted
detergent while soap is just clean and less clean is pure detergent. Overall, we can conclude that diluted
synthetics detergent is cleaner than dilute soap. The experiment is completed and successfully
conducted.

INTRODUCTION

Cleaning products play an essential role in our daily lives. By safely and effectively removing soils, germs
and other contaminants, they help us to stay healthy, care for our homes and possessions, and make our
surroundings more pleasant.

Soaps and detergents are used frequently in our daily day our life as a cleaning products. We use them
in many kind of ways such as wash hand, clean clothes, bathing and other. But we still do not paying
attention on how they work and the background of them. First of all, it is hard to explain who was first
invented the soap.

Some hypothesize believe that the soap had been invented by the Babylonian in 2800 BC where soap
have been excavated in clay cylinders and the Phoenicians around 600 BC. By 1500BC Egyptians medical
scrolls recommend a soap made from alkaline salt and animals and vegetables oil for skin conditions. In
the early history, soap was used for the purpose of cleaning textile fibres such as wool and cotton in
preparation for the dyeing process instead of personal hygiene.

In today’s progressive world of science

and technology, soap is manufactured much like it was back then where the fats and oils are technically
heated with the presence of strong base whichcommonly used is sodium hydroxide or potassium
hydroxide to produce fatty acid salts andglycerol in a process termed as saponification process. As a
matter of fact, the salt of a fatty acidis the soap, which is a soft and waxy material that brush up the
ability for cleaning purpose of water. While processing of soap, a positive ion, usually Na

or K

+
and a negative ion usually theanions of long-chained carboxylic acids yielded by the hydrolysis of either
animals or vegetablesfats.