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2.5 / 2.5 points

Trust is formed:
Question options:

e classroom.

n years.

years of life.

Hitting, kicking, biting, and spitting can be an indication that a child is

having trouble with emotional regulation skills or that she needs help with
__________ skills.
Question options:

or

The type of written observation that involves recording each time a child
displays a particular behavior, such as hitting, is called:
Question options:

notes.
ecords.

pling.

pling.

Mrs. Miller sees Brittany putting Legos from the manipulative shelf into her
book bag. According to constructive discipline, Mrs. Miller should:
Question options:

Brittany immediately and discuss why stealing is wrong.

ass that no one will go out for recess until the Legos are returned.

ny to show her book bag to Mrs. Miller.

any a chance to return the Legos on her own without confrontation.

Real choices are:

Question options:

rovide a chance to satisfy the child's need for control.

grow the child's critical-thinking skills.

d by the adult and child together.

get the child to always cooperate.

Lying, stealing, and cheating are all signs of:

Question options:
 immaturity.

derstanding.

hdrawal.

ental delay.

Preparing to meet long-term goals for children's social and emotional

development requires teachers to observe children's behavior. The most
common forms of observation for these purposes are written records,
__________, event sampling, and time sampling.
Question options:

note-taking

phs

When communication is undeveloped, all of the following strategies can

help EXCEPT:
Question options:

ool down period.

g each child as needed.

ng the child to use art.

ng.
 Cary has not completed his math assignment all week. His basic skills test
from early in the year shows him in the top five percent of all second-
grade students in math reasoning. What should Cary's teacher do?
Question options:

y the choice of completing it now or at recess.

hat Cary may be bored and create more challenging work for him.

y the choice of completing the work now or for homework.

hat Cary may be confused and may need remedial work.

For children to feel secure in their environment, there must be limits and
behavior expectations, or guidelines. Two classroom guidelines children
can easily remember are to be kind and:
Question options:

of people and things.

stener.

According to constructive discipline and behavior modification, the BEST

way to extinguish a negative behavior is to:
Question options:

nforce the negative behavior.

gative reinforcement when the behavior occurs.

sitive behavior to reward instead.

tinction of the behavior by punishing the child.

Kayla has very low self-esteem. She misbehaves often and is rejected by
other classmates. Her teacher, Mr. Vickers, has decided to work hard to
give Kayla positive feedback whenever possible. What can Mr. Vickers
expect to happen first when he begins this approach?
Question options:

ehavior will worsen.

ll stop talking to Mr. Vickers.

ll be kind to Mr. Vickers.

ill cry frequently.

Which one of the following statements about lying is TRUE?

Question options:

hildren often lie because they are confused between what is real and pretend.

hildren cannot be held accountable for lying since they cannot understand the term.

hildren who get fact and fantasy mixed up become adults who lie.

hildren can be taught to tell the truth by giving them natural consequences for lying.
 Children need to feel loved and accepted. To accomplish this, teachers
must:
Question options:

onditional love for all children in their care.

dren in their care a hug each day.

enthusiastic approach for all children in their care.

ve a favorite student.

Providing small child-sized pitchers for pouring juice and other child-
sized materials can help children who have immature _________ skills be
more successful in independently completing tasks.
Question options:

tion

When children are begging to help clean up, be the line leader, be the
homework helper, and overall have a chance to shine in their classroom,
their teacher has made them feel:
Question options:
nt.

Spencer, a three-year-old, is refusing to get dressed for the day. His

mother, Melanie, is late for work already and she needs Spencer to
cooperate. Which set of choices would be appropriate for Melanie to give
Spencer that would meet his obvious need for power?
Question options:

y choose to put your clothes on by yourself or Mommy will do it for you."

re choosing not to get dressed, you are choosing to have a time out."

shirt are you going to wear today, the green or the blue?"

o you want to get dressed―now or in ten minutes?"

Mr. Goldstein is working on a cooking project with his first grade class.
While some children chop apples with plastic knives, five children at a time
are working with Mr. Goldstein to mix a piecrust. Each child at the table is
getting a turn to mix the crust with their fingers. Jindira is mixing when
Kim gets impatient and pushes Jindira to the side so she can have her
turn. According to constructive discipline, an appropriate consequence for
Kim would be to send her:
Question options:

ut for five minutes and then allow her to have a turn.

pple chopping and tell her she has lost her turn.
pple chopping after she has apologized to Molly.

pple chopping and tell her she may return when she is ready to wait for her turn.

A child _________ should NOT be considered a discipline problem.

Question options:

other students

is eyes

out her tongue

heir pants

In Ms. Chen's two-year-old room, Brendan is working hard to build a

block tower. The tower falls each time Brendan tries to stack the third
block onto the second block. After three tries, Brendan throws the blocks
wildly and begins to scream and cry. Which one of the following
statements about Brendan is TRUE?
Question options:

is having trouble regulating his emotions.

is not cognitively ready to stack blocks.

does not have the gross motor skills to stack blocks.

is not playing with an age-appropriate toy.

Calling out children in pairs, providing materials to be shared, and think-

share-pair activities are ways to:
 Question options:

ring.

good behavior.

differences.

ge friendships.

Children in foster care do not always express their emotions outwardly,

but when they have disagreements with peers or adults, they often feel:
Question options:

d rage.

nd fear.

d anxiety.

and fear.

Emotional abuse may include all of the following EXCEPT:

Question options:

ling.

.
 Why are children from minorities more likely to be referred to the
principal?
Question options:

ol policy.

more likely to tattle on them.

a mismatch with the teacher's values.

the above

While cultural practices can be learned from books, it is BEST for teachers
to learn them:
Question options:

g other teachers about them.

through observation.

ing to an adult from that culture.

nting a lesson on that culture to the class.

Providing students with opportunities to serve as a source of support to

others helps them realize they are valuable members of the group which:
Question options:

their self-worth and self-confidence.

s their academic performance.

ealousy among the students.

udents forget to pay attention.

_____________ is what allows us to stay focused on a specific task while

ignoring other distractions.
Question options:

attention

n for survival

attention

n to things of interest

The two components of self-esteem that teachers need to help develop

are:
Question options:

ience and self-confidence.

ect and self-worth.

h and self-confidence.

e and risk-taking.

Manuel, a five-year-old child, is often inattentive. He has trouble sitting

still for more than a minute in circle activities where his attention is
required. Which solution would be MOST helpful for Manuel?
Question options:
im sit on a ball or one-legged stool during circle time.
im another activity to do during circle time, such as reading.

im play by himself in the play area during circle time.

a one-on-one discussion with him about his problem.

One way to prevent emotional outbursts and help children express how
they feel is to:
Question options:

m draw or write about their feelings.

aily check-in board.

how they feel during snack time.

ng about feelings.

It is important to help children with chronic illnesses and extended

absences stay connected to their classroom and their peers because:
Question options:

ps are critical for these children's social and emotional development.

ents are not teachers.

not learn anything at home.

relationship with a teacher is important.

 One of the BEST ways to discover children's special talents is:
Question options:

help others.

m activity choices.

hem at various required activities.

m with more skilled students.

The intentional instruction level of the three tiers of support may involve
all of the following EXCEPT:
Question options:

increase attention span.

ercises.

ional skills.

group setting.

When asking a child to complete a task, teachers should try to be specific

and:
Question options:

ry slowly and quietly.

ng his or her name.

n the child can relate to.

mportant information at the end of the sentence.

Children affected by divorce or separation may:

Question options:

a fear of abandonment.

secure in their attachment to others.

eir parents.

ecure in their attachment to others.

Prevention strategies will help about ____ percent of the children learn
appropriate social skills.
Question options:

Children undergo many significant changes in their daily life when their
parents separate or divorce. These changes often leave children feeling
less secure in their attachment to others, which often results in:
Question options:

silliness.
es.

abandonment.

ve classroom behavior.

Which of the following statements about community violence is NOT true?

Question options:

d to parental conflict.

children are fearful and anxious.

children to want to have more friends.

easing at an alarming rate.

The Council for Exceptional Children, Division for Early Childhood

(CEC/EEC), and others describe three tiers of support schools can provide
to children with social or emotional difficulties to help them become
socially competent. Which of the following is NOT a tier?
Question options:

on

al instruction

alized instruction

Viewing children from a strengths-based perspective means:

Question options:

a)  using children's strengths to plan the curriculum.

b)  using the strengths of some of the children to help others.

c)  believing in a child's abilities to succeed even in the face of adversity.

d)  using a strong speaking voice and firm actions to help guide behavior.

95 / 100 - 95 %

95 / 100 - 95 %
Done

__________ banishes the child from all activities and all of the children in the group.

Timeout

__________ can help children know what to expect next, thus helping children become co-operative members of a
group.

Routines

__________ consequences are directly tied to a behavior and help youngsters reflect on how their actions affect
others.

Related

__________ consequences are designed to help children think about why certain behaviors are unacceptable
and why others are desirable.
Related
__________ consequences are not imposed by adults, but children learn from them because they are immediate
and directly related to the action.

Natural

__________ provide effective and immediate results compatible with long-term, positive outcomes.
 Consequences
A behaviorist believes that behavior is changed through:
All of the above

A child has just disrupted group time for the third time, and you are unable to come up with an appropriate
response. The best response is to:

Explain to the child that you need time to think about the situation.

A child uses materials in a center inappropriately and the teacher explains that he cannot return to that center until
he agrees to use them correctly. This is an example of what kind of consequence?

Deprivation

A child's ability to control and regulate his/her __________ plays a big role in exhibiting acceptable behaviors.

emotions

A feeling-word chart:

helps children monitor emotions.

A good book to help children learn about risk-taking is:

Not a Box.

A teacher who comments on a student's artwork by saying, "Good work!" is using praise. Which statement below
would be a more useful encouragement from the teacher?

"I see you used a lot of string. Tell me about your picture!"

A useful observation method to use when you see a pattern in a child’s behavior but can’t pinpoint the cause
is:
event sampling.
According to constructive discipline and behavior modification, the best way to extinguish a negative behavior is to:

never reinforce the negative behavior.

According to Erikson, at what stage do babies learn whether or not the world around them is safe?

Trust versus mistrust

According to Dr. Maria Montessori, the "other teacher" in the classroom is the:

classroom environment.

According to the authors of your textbook, teachers and caregivers should help children learn responsibility for their
__________ and how to make wise choices.

behavior

Active learning promotes:

All of the above

Adults should not assume that children:

 know how to clean up without being taught how to do it.

After Dan drops a glass, his mother calls him "clumsy" while she is cleaning the broken glass from the floor. Dan's
mother is damaging his self-esteem by using __________ punishment.

verbal

All adults are sometimes pushed beyond their limits. Adults who feel angry may find themselves punishing a child’s
behavior instead of:

teaching self-discipline.

All children need a nurturing teacher, a flexible classroom environment, a challenging curriculum and:

friends.

All of the following are true about punishment EXCEPT that it:

addresses the cause of the behavior.

Alicia has been to the clinic three days this week with a stomach ache. The nurse lets her lie down for ten minutes
and then she seems fine and heads back to class. What is probably causing Alicia’s problem?

A need for attention

An idea that is central to early childhood education and basic to the constructivist view of learning is that:

young children are not miniature adults.

Anger is often a secondary emotion to:

All of the above

As children get older, their play increasingly emphasizes:

rules.

As of 2010, reports showed that approximately __________ children live in foster care in the United States.
400,000
As Miss Margaret firmly pries twenty-two-month-old Gary’s clenched fingers one-by-one out of another child’s hair,
she says with a concerned tone, “Ouch! Pulling hurts. No pulling. Touch gently please!” Miss Margaret did not
punish Gary because she realizes that Gary behaved this way due to:

lack of understanding.

At the art center, Mary and Amy are arguing about crayons. Mary is refusing to share crayons with Amy because
Amy refused to share the glue. Their teacher, Mrs. Miller, decides not to intervene. Mrs. Miller is hoping that Amy
will learn to share through a/an __________ consequence imposed upon her by Mary.

Reciprocal

At what age is it typical for a child to begin testing the word "no"?

Toddler

Autonomy and heteronomy are:

opposites.
Because constructivist classrooms use multiple teaching methods, the classrooms must have variety and flexibility to
accommodate these learning styles. Three kinds of areas a constructivist classroom should have are:

large-group areas, individual areas, and small-group areas.

Because older children are better at delaying gratification, __________ usually work well for them.

privileges

Behavior modification is based primarily on the research of:

Skinner.

Besides deciding how to organize their classroom to accommodate a variety of learning settings, teachers should
also consider:

what types of learning centers would be most beneficial.

Brittany is bossing the other students around in the kitchen center and causing a huge fight. If the teacher removes
Brittany and tells her that she has to play somewhere else until she is ready to play with the kids at the kitchen
center and not boss them around. What kind of consequence is this?

Exclusion

Calling out children in pairs, providing materials to be shared, and think-share-pair activities are ways to:

encourage friendships.

Carl is getting tired of two children in his three-year-old room having wetting accidents on the playground. The class
always uses the restroom before they go outside, but two of the boys are wetting themselves at least once a week,
making Carl have to send them inside for clean clothes. He has tried talking to their parents and giving them stickers
for days when they are dry at the end of playtime, but nothing seems to work. Think about the cause of this problem
and choose the best solution.

Change adult attitude

Cary has not completed his math assignment all week. His basic skills test from early in the year shows him in the
top five percent of all second grade students in math reasoning. What should Cary’s teacher do?

Realize that Cary may be bored and create more challenging work for him.

Children in foster care do not always express their emotions outwardly, but when they have disagreements with
peers or adults they often feel these two emotions:

anxiety and fear.

Children often have unpleasant emotions such as disappointment, jealousy, or sadness. It is important for teachers
to help children learn from these emotions by:

acknowledging the emotions.

Children learn best:

in small groups.

Children need to feel loved and accepted. To accomplish this, teachers must:

have an enthusiastic approach for all children in their care.

Children undergo many significant changes in their daily life when their parents separate or divorce. These changes
often leave children feeling less secure in their attachment to others, which often results in:

a fear of abandonment.

Children who have severe emotional deficits or “unmet emotional needs” will often act out in extremely disruptive
ways, or they will:

retreat into their shells.

Classrooms that tend to be happy, harmonious places that support children's emotional health, are ones that
encourage rather than discourage:

friendship and socializing.

Claire would not sit down at the lunch table. When she spilled her milk the teacher said she could not have more
until the afternoon snack. What kind of consequence did Claire have?

Natural

Confusion that may lead to discipline problems can often be prevented through:

All of the above

Consequences must be selected carefully: they must matter to teachers and they must:

help the child judge the pros and cons of certain behavior.

Cultural differences are not limited to minority groups. Cultural differences can include family patterns, religious
beliefs, class differences, language differences, different individual histories, and different:

temperaments.
Darcy and Chloe have spent most of the morning building a large road and bridge leading from the block center
to the book corner. The other students have made several comments about the “cool” bridge, asking if they can
help build. Mrs. Harold has insisted that the blocks must be moved back to the block area. Chances are this is
__________ problem.

Mrs. Harold’s

Discipline problems that are a result of unmet needs should be dealt with through:
attempts to meet the child's needs.

Discipline that deals with a behavior rather than the cause of that behavior:

is doomed to failure.

Dustin uses the potty when his mom or teacher bribes him with M&M’s. Dustin is ______________ motivated to
become potty trained.

extrinsically

Every day this week Chase had thrown temper tantrums and dumped the crayon buckets. The teacher Ms.
Young made Chase put the crayons away but he still dumped them all again the next day. Ms. Young began
to realize that Chase seemed to enjoy the time that Ms. Young spent trying to calm him down. The next day
when he dumped the crayons again and was beginning to get angry, Ms. Young asked all of the other
children to join her in the large group area for a game. Quickly, Chase cleaned up the crayons and joined the
group. This is an example of:
mislearning.
Girls tend to be more advanced than boys in:

hopping.

Harsh punishments are harmful to children. Freedom without limits or responsibility is:

chaotic and dangerous.

High staff turnover in childcare programs is a serious threat to children’s __________ and __________.
emotional security; academic well-being
Hitting, kicking, biting, and spitting can be an indication that a child is having trouble with social skills or that he/she
needs help with __________ skills.

language

“I messages” are effective because they:

never criticize or blame someone.

If a child accidentally hurts another child and the teacher has him help the other child get ice or a Band-Aid so that
he can see the results of his carelessness, this is a form of:

restitution.

If a child is building a tower that is not sturdy and an adult does not intervene but instead lets the child build until
the tower collapses the adult is allowing the child to learn from a/an __________ consequence.

natural

If a child is displaying an inappropriate behavior because he does not understand why the behavior is inappropriate
what related solution should be used?

Use related consequences.

If a child is having outbursts because of a serious emotional problem what would be the appropriate solution to the
problem?

Get outside help.

If a child is perfectly content with a situation and the teacher is the unhappy one, it is likely the teacher owns the
problem. When this is the case, the approaches a teacher can take are to express “I messages,” change expectations,
change the environment, remove himself/herself, or:

change the curriculum.

If a child is unable to connect to others because her parents do not show her love and acceptance what would be
the appropriate solution for this situation?

Help the child get her needs met.

If a child is unable to meet the expectation that their teacher or caregiver has set forth because it is not age
appropriate what would the appropriate solution to the situation be?
 Change adult expectations.

In 1867, which U.S. state was the first to abolish corporal punishment in schools?

New Jersey

In order for children to feel secure in their environment, there must be limits and behavior expectations, or
guidelines. Three classroom guidelines that children can easily remember are to be kind, be safe, and:

be careful.

In order for children to master prosocial behavior, they must obtain and maintain friendships. The first step in this is:

learning to successfully enter play.

In order to help children feel they have some personal power over their world, it is important to offer them choices
and to say "__________" to them as seldom as possible.

no

In Ms. Edwards’ two-year-old room, Brenden is working hard to build a block tower. The tower falls each time
Brenden tries to stack the third block onto the second block. After three tries, Brenden throws the blocks wildly and
begins to scream and cry. Which one of the following statements about Brenden is true?

Brenden is having trouble regulating his emotions.

In Mrs. Green's preschool room, there is a child named Kelsey. Kelsey often comes to school in dirty clothes and
does not bathe often. Mrs. Green wants to encourage the class to be accepting and include Kelsey regardless of her
appearance. What is the best way to do this?

Treat Kelsey kindly and encourage other children to do the same.

In the ABCD version of negotiation, the B stands for:

brainstorm solutions.

In this state of attention children are drawn to a novelty item or surprise and are often more focused. Teachers use
this kind of attention to grab students’ attention at the beginning of lessons.

Attention to things of interest

In which circumstance would a natural consequence be the best?

Adrian forgot to bring his jacket out for recess.
In which of Erikson's stages do children typically learn to read, write, think quantitatively, and work cooperatively?

Industry vs. Inferiority

It is important for a child to be able to identify with a role model.  Therefore, the best role model for a five-year-old
boy would be:

a dad who is a room volunteer.

It is important to help children with chronic illnesses and extended absences stay connected to their classroom and
their peers because:

friendships are critical for these children’s development.

Instead of simply explaining to children that they should be responsible, teachers should model responsible
behavior. Responsible behavior includes cleaning up, keeping promises, caring for property, and:

following guidelines.

Instead of trying to make children’s angry feelings disappear, teachers can help children find the words to clearly
express why they are upset by:

demonstrating expressive language.

Investigating some bugs the children found on the playground and finding books to identify them instead of doing
your scheduled science lesson for the day is an example of:

relevant learning.

Isaac has never been around other children his age. He is having trouble sharing the toys at the centers. His teacher
has seen him hit another student on more than one occasion when they were playing with something he wanted.
What is the most likely cause of this behavior?

Lack of social skills

Jason has been told not to run up the stairs. His teacher see’s him getting ready to run and does not stop him. Jason
trips and hits his elbow. Why should the teacher let this happen?

Jason will experience a natural consequence and learn why he should not run up the stairs.

Jennifer runs up to Miss Edwards while she is mixing paint and pulls on her arm excitedly. As she does, the paint
spills all over the floor. Miss Edwards should:

tell Jennifer that she is worried that the paint will stain the floor.

Joby pushes Becky down on the play ground and she skins her knee. What would be an appropriate consequence?

Joby should spend the rest of his recess helping Becky take care of her knee.

Jimmy hates school lunches. He is eating one today because he left his bag lunch at home and his mom refused to
bring it to school. Jimmy’s mom is teaching him responsibility through a __________ consequence.

Natural

Julia wanted to paint with Casey, but Casey had just arrived at school and she was grumpy and tired. Julia continued
to irritate Casey about painting, even calling her names, until Mrs. Kirkland removed Julia from Casey and explained
to Julia that she could not go near Casey until Julia could speak kindly and be respectful of Casey. Mrs. Kirkland is
using:

exclusion.

Kayla has very low self-esteem. She misbehaves often and is rejected by other classmates. Her teacher, Mr. Vickers,
has decided to work hard to give Kayla positive feedback whenever possible. What can Mr. Vickers expect to happen
first when he begins this approach?

Kayla’s behavior will worsen.

Kelly is making Sam cry by drawing on Sam’s artwork. Sam and his teacher, Mr. White, have discussed the problem
with Kelly, but she refuses to stop. What should Mr. White do?

Tell Kelly she cannot use the markers until she is ready to respect other’s artwork.

Knowing how we feel about who we are and what we can do is:
 self-esteem.

Kyle, a two and a half-year-old, is stacking blocks in the block center. Karen is playing beside him with some large
cars. As their teacher Melanie watches, Karen rolls her car into Kyle’s tower causing it to fall. Kyle hits Karen causing
her to cry. Kyle’s behavior is most likely due to which of the following causes?

Age-typical behavior

Lilly just started day care today. When her teacher turned on the “clean up song” all of the other 3 yearolds began to
sing and put their toys away, but Lilly just continued playing. Lilly is displaying:

lack of understanding.

Lying, stealing, and cheating are all signs of:

lack of understanding.

Manuel, a five-year-old child, is often inattentive. He has trouble sitting still for more than a minute in circle activities
where his attention is required. Which solution would be most helpful for Manuel?

Have him sit on a ball or one-legged stool during circle time.

Many children who have experienced trauma question their competence and self-worth. This makes it important for
teachers to:

promote a “can-do” attitude in the classroom.

Mary is conducting storytime with her pre-kindergarten class. She is having trouble with seven or eight children who
are not sitting still and are not listening to the story. Mary has tried several “I messages” and reinforcing messages to
those who are seated. What is the best way for Mary to handle this problem?

Stop reading and play an energetic game or sing an action song.

Mary wants to paint at the easel, but Tom arrived there first today. Their teacher, Ms. Spencer, wants Mary to paint,
but she does not want Mary to waste all of her learning center time waiting for her turn. To make the easel
accessible to all the children, and to minimize waiting time, what is the best thing that Ms. Spencer could do?

Use a sign-up sheet for children who want to paint.

Mislearning causes much undesirable behavior. Sometimes mislearning is caused by accidental reinforcement of
inappropriate behavior and sometimes mislearning is caused by:

inappropriate role models.

Missing __________ skills are the single most common cause of discipline problems.

social

Mr. White hears Brian loudly yelling across the room for his friend James. Mr. White quietly walks over to Brian and
whispers to him the rule about quiet voices inside. Mr. White knows that the noise level in the classroom has been
elevated lately, mainly due to him becoming rather relaxed about talking loudly himself. To help Brian and the other
children correct these behaviors, which one of the related solutions below would be best?

Model desired behavior

Mr. White is working on a cooking project with his first grade class. While some children chop apples with plastic
knives, five children at a time are working with Mr. White to mix a piecrust. Each child at the table is getting a turn to
mix the crust with their fingers. Molly is mixing when Kim gets impatient and pushes Molly to the side so she can
have her turn. According to constructive discipline, what would be an appropriate consequence for Kim?
 Send Kim back to apple chopping and tell her she may return when she is ready to wait for her
turn.

Mrs. Brown is feeling a bit irritated by the noise level in her 1st grade classroom. She put all of the students into
cooperative groups to work on a social studies project. The room is slightly more noisy then she likes, but when she
looks around she sees that all of the children are engaged in active learning and all of the groups are being
productive. What might be the best solution to Mrs. Brown’s problem?

Change adult expectations

Mrs. Day knew that the director planned to visit her class that afternoon. During morning centers, Madeline broke
the painting easel at the same time Darian accidentally ripped a favorite book. Mrs. Day was frustrated and spoke
loudly to both children. It would be best for Mrs. Day to:

apologize to the students.

Mrs. Miller sees Brittany putting Legos from the manipulative shelf into her bookbag. According to constructive
discipline, Mrs. Miller should:

give Brittany a chance to return the Legos on her own without confrontation.

Mrs. Runion is changing 2-year-old Caitlyn's diaper. Mrs. Runion asks Caitlyn to get the diaper from the stack and
hold it until Mrs. Runion is ready to use it. During the diaper change, Mrs. Runion talks to Caitlyn about the day,
what they will be doing that afternoon, and thanks Caitlyn for handing her the diaper. Mrs. Runion's goal is to:

show mutual respect to Caitlyn.

Mrs. Smith was concerned that Melanie was not engaging with the other children. At 8:15 Mrs. Smith
recorded a note that Melanie was working by herself. At 8:30 she noted that she had moved to Sara’s table
and they were working together. Mrs. Smith continued taking notes every 15 minutes for the next hour. This
is an example of:

time sampling.

Mrs. Spencer is noticing behavior problems during her pre-school circle time. The group time starts well, and
children listen to the story, but she cannot get children to behave for the entire 30-minute lesson after the story.
This is probably because the children:

are being asked to sit too long.

Mrs. Moffet has just dismissed her entire kindergarten class from story time to snack time. She starts to eat her own
snack when she notices three children fighting over the snack basket and two children crying because the fighters
have stepped on their snacks. This is beginning to become a daily problem and Mrs. Moffet decides that she needs
to have a better:

transition time.

Mrs. Monroe, the crossing guard, is helping children cross the street.  Spencer runs ahead of the group instead of
waiting for the walk signal from Mrs. Monroe.  Frantic, Mrs. Monroe yells at Spencer, “You are not paying attention
today Spencer!”  Which one of the following is a positive “I message” Mrs. Monroe could have used instead?

I feel scared when you do that because you could be hit by a car!

Ms. Shapiro encourages her students to respect her wishes by showing respect for her students':

wishes.
Ms. Wiggs is feeling her temper start to flare. There have been several fights over the glue and scissors this morning
and now Keesha is yelling in her face that Amy stole a block from a building she was constructing. What should Ms.
Wiggs do?

Take a deep breath or count to ten before responding to the girls.

Ms. Wiggs is trying to read a story about elephants before her first grade class leaves that morning for a trip to the
local zoo. The children have already sat through calendar and weather time, as well as a sharing time on what they
would see at the zoo that day. The children are starting to get restless and some are poking at each other. Mrs.
Wiggs is beginning to lose her patience. What is the possible cause of the children’s behavior?

Inappropriate adult expectations

Ms. Wiggs' kindergarten class rushes to clean up the room after playtime. They know that if Ms. Wiggs sees them
cleaning, she will give good cleaners a sticker. Ms. Wiggs' kindergartners are cleaning because of __________
motivation.

extrinsic

Most human behavior is learned from:

observing the models of others.

One of the best ways to discover children’s special talents is:

offer them activity choices.

One of the easiest ways for teachers to promote trusting relationships with their students is to:

keep their promises.

One school-wide strategy to eliminate corporal punishment is to:

offer parenting classes on behavior management.

One way to help reduce aggressive behavior in a child is through:

a touch.

One way to prevent emotional outbursts and help children express how they feel is to:

have a daily check-in board.

Pam is throwing bits of paper at James during quiet reading time. She is a struggling reader and her teacher, Mrs.
Johnson, can tell she is not able to read independently during this time. Mrs. Johnson could help Pam by:

allowing Pam to read with a fifth grade buddy during reading time.
Perspective-taking requires a combination of communication and __________ skills.

Social

Physical movement increases __________ to the brain, helping children think well and focus better.

blood flow

Piaget used the term __________ to mean consequences.

sanctions

Positive "I messages" are a form of:

 encouragement.

Points, tokens, marbles, and stickers are all examples of __________ rewards.

tangible

Praise does not convey unconditional love. Instead, it can make children feel:

insecure and fearful of rejection.

Preparing to meet long-term goals for children’s social and emotional development requires teachers to observe
children’s behavior. The most common forms of observation for these purposes are written records, __________,
event sampling, and time sampling.

anecdotal note taking

Providing small child-sized pitchers for pouring juice and other child-sized materials can help children who are
__________ immature be more successful in completing tasks.

Physically

Providing students with opportunities to serve as a source of support to others helps them to realize that they are
valuable members of the group. This:

improves their self-worth and self-confidence.

Providing them with a soft, calming place in the classroom; making sure they know what to expect in their school
day; and spending extra one-on-one time with them are all ways to help children who have:

witnessed community violence.

Punishment can cause children to exhibit all of the following behaviors EXCEPT:

inner control.

Sarcasm:

can embarrass students and is never appropriate for a teacher to use.

Shondra lost her recess time because she forgot her homework. This is an example of:
punishment.
Sierra, a kindergarten student, is no longer willing to share anything aloud at circle time. She has become withdrawn
and sad. Her parents have recently separated, and are fighting over custody. What is the most likely cause of Sierra’s
behavior?

Unmet emotional needs

Singing a song or solving mental math problems are good for:

waiting in line.

"Solution messages" ultimately damage:

self-esteem.

Spencer, a three-year-old, is refusing to get dressed for the day. His mother, Melanie, is late for work already and
she needs Spencer to cooperate. Which set of choices would be appropriate for Melanie to give Spencer that would
meet his obvious need for power?
 “Which shirt are you going to wear today, the green or the blue?”

Real choices are:

acceptable to the adult and desirable to the child.

Reflective listening is useful when the problem is of a __________ nature.

social/emotional

Reed knocked over Blake's block tower. The next day, Blake knocked over Reed's block tower. Their teacher didn't
intervene because she believes in __________ as a type of consequence.

reciprocity

Related consequences must be selected carefully: they must matter to teachers and they must:

help the child judge the pros and cons of certain behavior.

Research has shown that children who are punished are most likely to turn to crime. In fact, in 2001, nearly
__________ of every 100 American adults had served time in prison.

Rewards and punishment work against:

long-term goals.

Rewards are divided into the following three categories:

tangible rewards, praise, and privileges.

Robbie became frustrated at the sand table and began yelling at the other children using the sand table. Robbie’s
teacher removed him from the sand table and told him that he would have to find somewhere else to play until he
was ready to play peacefully at the sand table. What kind of consequence is this?

Exclusion

Taking away privileges totally unrelated to a behavior problem is:

mistaken by some teachers as a consequence although it is a punishment.

Teachers and caregivers cannot always be perfect. Sometimes we as adults can make the wrong decision when
disciplining a child or solving a problem. When adults make mistakes in front of children, what is the best way to
handle the mistake?

Admit the mistake and apologize to the child(ren).

Teaching conflict resolution skills, appropriate methods for expressing emotions, and strategies for dealing with
frustration is especially important for children who:

have been abused.

Teachers must use __________ materials whenever possible to keep a child's interest and encourage learning.

concrete
Teachers who are sensitive, responsive, and involved with their children:

have children who behave in ways that make them more popular with their peers.

Teaching children social skills, perspective taking, __________ are important discipline strategies that promote
lifelong, harmonious social interaction.

effective communication, and emotion regulation

The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends no electronic media before:

age two.

The best shape in which to arrange children for a child-centered group time is a:

circle.

The Council for Exceptional Children, Division for Early Childhood (CEC/EEC), and others describe three tiers of
support schools can provide to children with social or emotional difficulties to help them become socially
competent. Which is NOT a tier?

Guidance

The discipline method that sets up artificial reward systems designed to get children to behave in certain ways is:

behavior modification.

The emotional pain that often comes from punishment is:

often more long-lasting than bodily harm.

The form of observation that includes both objective and subjective information is:
a running record
The first step to reaching long term discipline goals is to:

determine the cause of the behavior.

The first time a toddler tries out a tantrum, it is often best to:
ignore it.
The goal of the behaviorist theory of discipline is:

obedience.

The goals of discipline should be a positive self-concept, self-discipline, and:

moral autonomy.

The kids in Miss Ramo's P.E. class keep folders with their personal records. Nobody else sees them, but each week
several students work very hard to beat their own push-ups, sit-ups and jump roping records. These students are
displaying __________ motivation.

intrinsic

The reason we help children resolve conflicts themselves is to help them become:

independent problem solvers.

The steps to helping children resolve a problem are identifying the problem, brainstorming solutions, evaluating and
choosing a solution, implementing the plan, and:

evaluating the plan.

The two components of self-esteem that teachers need to help develop are:

self-worth and self-confidence.

There are three levels of attention describe in the text: attention for survival, attention to things of interest and:

selective attention.

To encourage friendships and build a caring community between teachers, students, administrators, and parents, a
school could schedule:

a potluck dinner.

Thoughtful consequences do NOT:

leave children wondering why they should not do something.

Two-year-old Bryson has wet his pants twice at school today. Mr. Shelton is getting frustrated with
Bryson. What is the best solution for this problem?

Mr. Shelton should change his attitude.

Two second-grade girls are caught throwing wet toilet paper all over the girls restroom. What is an appropriate
related consequence for the girls?

They must spend the day cleaning restrooms with the janitor.

Using praise as a positive reinforcement can have negative effects such as a child feeling like he has failed a task if:

he doesn’t get a compliment.

Viewing a child “at promise” rather than “at risk” means a teacher:

believes in the child’s ability to succeed and doesn’t lower expectations.

What is an appropriate related consequence for a child who hits another child?

Exclusion

What percent of children who die from child abuse are under the age of four?
80%
When an adult is focusing on really listening to a child, they should remember to try limiting their talking, and:

practice passive and reflective listening.

When adults encourage pretend play, they are helping children to develop logical reasoning skills, creative thinking,
and __________, as well as social skills.

critical thinking

When Billy accidentally trips Jenny on the playground, Jenny skins her knee. Mrs. Kelly sends Billy to help Jenny
clean up her knee. Mrs. Kelly is giving Billy a __________ consequence.

restitution
When Jane reads a book because she thinks the book is interesting and fun to read, she is reading because of
__________ motivation.

intrinsic

When Keesha talks during math instruction, Mrs. Miller puts Keesha’s name on the board. If Keesha interrupts the
lesson again, she will receive a check by her name and lose five minutes of recess. This type of discipline is called
__________ discipline.

Assertive

When asking a child to complete a task, teachers should try to be specific and:

say the important information at the end of the sentence.

When children have arguments about sharing toys, it is usually because young children have:

undeveloped social skills.

When exercising your judgment in a discipline situation, which should you do first? Ask yourself,

“What are my goals for discipline?”

When Jane reads a book because she thinks the book is interesting and fun to read, she is reading because of
__________ motivation.

intrinsic

When someone criticizes and lectures you, it is called sending a “put down message.”  This type of approach causes
a child to:

not listen to the message.

When using a constructivist approach to discipline, providing age-appropriate __________ for children is a way to
show respect for them.

choices

Which one of the following statements about an "I message" is TRUE?

An "I message" states how you are feeling.

Which one of the following statements about lying is true?

Young children often lie because they are confused between what is real and pretend.

Which country has the highest documented incarceration rate in the world?
The United States

Which of these is an appropriate example of a teacher doing to a child what a child has done?

A child refuses to help clean up his table when asked by the teacher, so later when he asks for help cleaning up his
center so that he can go to recess the teacher will not help him.

Which one of the following ideas will NOT help children to feel personal ownership in their classroom?

Allowing a child to play with all of the blocks for 25 minutes each day
When Mr. White tells Colby to just ignore Brandon when he jumps over Colby's block tower, Mr. White is sending
Colby a/an __________ instead of allowing the boys to solve the problem themselves.

solution message

Which one of the following statements is NOT considered a "roadblock to communication"?

"What do you think we should do?"

Which of these can you require a child to do?

Wash hands
Which of these could cause a child to regress?
All of the above
Which is a “real” choice?
Would you like the carrot sticks or the sandwich first?”
Which is the most common form of child abuse?
Neglect
Which is TRUE about children with attention issues?
They can focus.
Which is NOT a typical indication that a child is experiencing trauma?
Increased attention span
Which is NOT true of natural consequences?

Resentment and anger are created.

Which is NOT a tier of support?

Rewards
Which is NOT one of the ways behavior modification is damaging?

Intrinsic motivation increases

Which is NOT a result of punishment?

Mutual respect

Which is NOT one of the three levels of attention?

Sensory attention
Which would NOT be a good way for Ms. Tucker to help her three-year-old class deal with their feelings?
Journaling

While cultural practices can be learned from books, it is best for teachers to learn them:

firsthand through observation.

Who developed the social cognitive theory of human functioning?

Albert Bandura

Working from a strength-based perspective means:

discerning a child’s strengths and building on them.

Young children believe rules are sacred because:

they are imposed by adults.

Yesterday Joey pitched a fit and broke his crayons. Today he is crying because his crayons are broken. He tells his
teacher that he will never break his crayons again when he is mad because he doesn’t like coloring with broken
crayons. This example describes a child learning from:

a natural consequence.