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(a)

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The temperature at the centre of the apple.

The temperature at the surface of the apple.

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The temperature at the centre of the apple is 278.08 K

The temperature at the surface of the apple is 278.06 K

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Given:

The diameter of the apple is d  80 mm

The internal heat generation rate in aan apple is q  10 J kg-day
5

krw  0.5 W m-K

The thermal conductivity of the apple is
The velocity of the air is u  0.5 m s
The temperature of the air is T  5C
n coefficient is h  7.5 W m 2 -K
The convectio
  840 kg m3
The density of the apple is

Formula used:

The heat equation for uniform heat generation in the apple is given as,
1 d  2 dT  q
r   0
r 2 dr  dr  k
Here, r is the radius inside the container and T is the temperature at the required r .

The Boundary conditions are given as,

dT
0
dr r 0 T  r  r=r  Ts
and o

Here, ro is the radius of the apple.

The conduction heat transfer is given as,

Qcond  q  V
Here, V is the volume of the apple.

The volume of the apple is given as,

4
V   ro 3
3

The convection heat transfer is given as,

Qconv  hAs  Ts  T 

Here, As is the circumferential area of the apple.

The circumferential area of the apple is

As  4 ro 2

Calculation:

The temperate distribution inside the apple can be calculated as,

1 d  2 dT  q
r   0
r 2 dr  dr  k
d  2 dT  q o r 2
 r   
dr  dr  k

Integrate the above equation with respect to r ,

d  2 dT  q o r 2
 dr  dr   k
r  

 2 dT  q o r 3
 r     C1
 dr  3k
dT q r C
  o  21
dr 3k r
Here, C1 is the integration constant.

Integrate the above equation again with respect to r ,

dT  q r C 
 dr    3ok  r 21 
q r 2 C
T  r    o  1  C2
6k r ......(1)
Here, C 2 is the integration constant.

The integration constants C1 and C 2 can be calculated as,

Apply the boundary condition,
dT
0
dr r 0
q  0 C1
0 o  2
3k r
C1  0

Apply the boundary condition,

T  r  r=r  Ts
o

q o ro 2 0
Ts     C2
6k r
2
q r
C 2  Ts  o o
6k

Substitute all the values in equation (1),

q r 2 0 q r 2
T  r    o o   Ts  o o
6k r 6k
qo 2
 Ts 
6k
 ro  r 2 

The uniform heat generation rate can be calculated as,

 1 day   1 hr 
q  4000 J kg-day   840 kg m 3      
 24 hr   3600 s 
 38.88 W m3

The temperature at the surface of the apple can be calculated as,

Qcond  Qconv
  hAs  Ts  T 
qV
4 3
 
38.88 W m3     0.04 m     7.5 W m 2 -K   4   0.04 m   Ts  278 K 
3 
2

0.0104 W = 0.151 W K  Ts  278 K 

Ts  278.06 K

The temperature at the centre of the apple r  0 can be calculated as,

q
T  r  0   Ts  o  ro 2  02 
6k
38.88 W m3
 0.04 m 
2
To  278.06 K 
6   0.5 W m-K 
 278.08 K

Conclusion:

The temperature at the centre of the apple is 278.08 K

The temperature at the surface of the apple is 278.06 K

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(a)