Department of Mathematics

IIT KHARAGPUR
Spring 2020
Subject Code: MA40002/MA51004/MA61052
Subject Name: Integral Equations and Calculus of Variations
Assignment 2

1. Find the extremals of the follwing functionals

Z 1p
1
(a) J[y] = y(1 + y 02 )dx, y(0) = y(1) = √
0 2
Z π
(b) J[y] = (4y cos x + y 02 − y 2 )dx, y(0) = y(π) = 0
0
Z 1
(c) J[y] = (y 02 − y 2 − y)e2x dx, y(0) = 0, y(1) = e−1
0
Z e
(d) J[y] = (xy 02 + yy 0 )dx, y(1) = 0, y(e) = 1
1
Z p
2. Show that one and only one extremal of the functional J[y] = (1 + y 2 + y 02 ) dx passes through
any two points in the plane.

3. Find the extremals of the follwing functionals

Z 1
(a) J[y] = (ey + xy 0 )dx, y(0) = 0, y(1) = α
0
Z π
(b) J[y] = (y 02 − y 2 )dx, y(0) = 1, y(π) = −1
0
Z 1
(c) J[y] = (x + y 02 )dx, y(0) = 1, y(1) = 2
0
Z 1
(d) J[y] = (2ey − y 2 )dx, y(0) = 1, y(1) = e
0
Z π
2 π π
y 2 − y 02 − 8y cosh x dx, y(0) = 2, y( ) = 2 cosh


(e) J[y] =
0 2 2
Z b
4. Given the functional J[y] = F (x, y, y 0 )dx with y(a) = A, y(b) = B. Show that if the integrand
a
F (x, y, y 0 ) is added with the total differential of any function u = u(x, y), then Euler’s equation will
remain unchanged.