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PUMPS
Prepared By
A.Prasad roshan
prasadroshan1982@gmail.com
What
What is
is aa PUMP?
PUMP?
1)
1) pump
pump is
is designed
designed toto transfer
transfer fluid
fluid from
from
one
one point
point to
to another.
another.
2)Pumps
2)Pumps transfer
transfer fluid
fluid from
from
low
low pressure
pressure areas
areas to to higher
higher pressure
pressure areas,
areas,
3)low
3)low elevations
elevations to
to higher
higher elevations,
elevations, and
and
4)from
4)from local
local locations
locations to
to distant
distant locations.
locations.
Kinetic energy:
Energy associated
with motion
• Positive displacement • Centrifugal pump
pump (Gear Pump): a (KINETIC Pump): no
specific amount of fluid specific amount of fluid
passes through the pump flow per rotation; flow
for each rotation depends on speed of
blades
6
Centrifugal pump or Constant head machine is
Adding energy to fluid is continuously
According to priming
1)Non self Priming type
2)Self priming
velocity
pressure
Suction impeller
hose volute
Double suction axially split
Self Priming centrifugal
Pump
Three types Of priming methods
1.Exhaust Primer
Venturi effect
2.Vacuum Primer
From manifold in gas engines
Impeller Axial
Thrust
Hydraulic
Induced
Forces due
to
Seal or Recirculatio
Packing n&
Impeller Axial Cavitation
Thrust Radial Thrust
due to Hydraulic Imbalance Hydraulic
Imbalance
Single suction impeller
Centrifugal Pumps
• Open
• Semi-open
• Closed
- Single suction
- Double suction
• Non-clogging
• Axial flow
• Mixed flow
Radial flow
TYPES OF CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS:
• Radial flow – centrifugal force
• Axial flow – forced by impeller vanes
• Mixed flow – both
SPECIFIC SPEED
Shaft sealing devices
MECHANICAL
MECHANICALSEAL
SEAL
Pumping liquid
MECHANICAL SEALS
CLASSIFICATION
By arrangement
1. Single seal
- Inside mounted / Outside mounted
2. Multiple design
- Double seal/ Tandem seal
By design
1. Unbalanced seal
2. Balanced seal
3. single spring
4. Multiple spring
5. Pusher seal
6. Non – pusher seal
Gasket
Stuffing box
Bolt for locking
Seal
follower
Secondary
Liquid
seal
Shaft
Stuffing box
Seal
follower
Secondary seal
Liquid
Shaft
Retainer Spring
Gasket
Liquid
Shaft
Retainer
Spring Dynamic seal
Barrier fluid 1 bar more
than process
Gasket
Pressure of atmosphere
Atmospheric pressure on earth
From this the total system head increases. This means the
pump TDH requirements will increase.
When the discharge tank level is raised, the total discharge
system head is increased.
From this the total system head is increased. This means the
pump TDH requirement increases.
When the friction losses increase on the suction, the
total suction system head is decreased.
Friction
head
Flow
A pump head-
capacity
performance
curve identifies
It is the
pump’s fingerprint.
Head
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
0
High Temperature Rise
20
Low Flow Cavitation
40
60
Bearing & Seal Life Reduced
80
Impeller Damage
100 Suction Recirculation
Hydraulic power
Pump efficiency, ηPump =
Pump shaft power
Affinity Laws
Affinity Laws are the performance of Centrifugal
Pumps based on change in Speed, Power, Flow,
Head, Impeller Diameter.
a)Feeler gauge
b)Straight edge method
c)Rim & face method
d)Reverse indicator method
e)Laser method
Face-rim Three Dial Indicator Method
ALIGNMENT
Angular Mis-alignment
Centrifugal Pumps
Parallel or Offset Misalignment
Centrifugal Pumps
Positive displacement
External
Reciprocating gear pump
piston
Double Sliding
screw vane
pump
Three-lobe
pump (left) Flexible
Double tube
circumferential squeegee
piston (centre) (peristaltic)
Positive Displacement Pumps
• For each pump revolution
• Fixed amount of liquid taken from one end
• Positively discharged at other end
• If pipe blocked
• Pressure rises
• Can damage pump
• Used for pumping fluids other than water
As the teeth come out of mesh, liquid flows into the
pump and is carried between the teeth and the casing
to the discharge side of the pump
The teeth come back into mesh and the liquid is
forced out the discharge port
R O T A R Y P U M P S
G E A R P U M P S
L O B E P U M P S
S C R E W P U M P S
C A M P U M P S
V A N E P U M P S
Meshing gears separate creating vacuum
Atmospheric pressure forces liquid inward to fill
the vacuum
Liquid is delivered in
large volumes with less
number of pulses than in
gear pump
Not dependent on
discharge pressure
R O T A R Y P U M P S
V A N E P U M P S
R O T A R Y P U M P S
Fluid is carried between the rotor
G E A R P U M P S
teeth and the pumping chamber
L O B E P U M P S
The rotor surfaces create continuous
sealing
S C R E W P U M P S
C A M P U M P S
Rotors include bi-wing, tri-lobe, and
V A N E P U M P S
multi-lobe configurations
Function of positive displacement pump
Reciprocating pumps.
• In the reciprocating pump a piston sucks the
fluid into a cylinder then pushes it up causing
the water to rise.
P O S IT IV E D IS P L A C E M E N T P U M P S
• Two valves and one stuffing
R E C IP R O C A T IN G P U M P S box
• A rotating mechanism for the
P IS T O N P U M P S
reciprocating piston
PLUNG ER PUM PS • Uses suction to raise liquid into
D IA P H R A G M P U M P S the chamber.
PERISTALTIC PUMP
• Flexible tube subjected to transitional
squeeze
• Continuous repetition of squeeze cycle
• Handles sensitive & delicate fluid
Diaphragm, an elastic substance, usually rubber
Used for low pressure application like removing water
from trenches
314
317
Internal Gear
Pump
318
• A typical screw pump
319
Thanks