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Version 1.

1– 3 March 2008

Embodied carbon dioxide (ECO2) and construction materials

CONCRETE Concrete type ECO2 (kgCO2/m3) ECO2 (kgCO2/tonne)


Blinding, mass fill, strip
GEN1 70 mm
footings, mass 173 75
1 (CEM I only)
foundations

GEN1 120 mm *
Trench foundations 1 184 80
(CEM I only)

Reinforced RC30 70 mm ***


1 318 132
Foundations (CEM I only)

RC35 70 mm **
Ground floors 1 315 133
(CEM I only)

Structural: in situ floors,


RC40 70 mm ***
superstructure, walls, 372 153
1 (CEM I only)
basements

RC50 70mm ***


High strength concrete 1 436 176
(CEM I only)

Dense concrete
Precast block 147 75
aggregate block 2

Aerated concrete block 2 Precast block 121 240

Generic lightweight
3 Precast block 168 120
aggregate block

TIMBER ECO2 (kgCO2/m3) ECO2 (kgCO2/tonne)


Timber, UK Sawn
369 470
Hardwood 4
Timber, UK Sawn
4 185 440
Softwood
Plywood 4 398 750

STEEL ECO2 (kgCO2/m3) ECO2 (kgCO2/tonne)


UK Produced Structural
5 15,313 1,932
Steel Sections

* includes 25 kg/m3 steel reinforcement


3
** includes 30 kg/m steel reinforcement
*** includes 100 kg/m3 steel reinforcement

References:
1. The ECO2 figures for GEN 1, RC32/40 and RC40/50 were derived using industry agreed representative
figures for cementitious materials, aggregates, reinforcement, admixtures and an appropriate figure for
water.
2. BRE Environmental Profiles database, Building Research Establishment (BRE), 2006
3. Communication from: the Environment Division, BREEAM Centre, Building Research Establishment
(BRE), 2005
4. Hammond, G. & Jones, C., 2006, Inventory of Carbon & Energy (ICE) version 1.5 Beta, Department of
Mechanical Engineering, University of Bath, UK.
5. Amato, A and Eaton, K J, A comparative environmental life cycle assessment of modern office
buildings, Steel Construction Institute, 1998

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