THE UNIVERSITY OF THE WEST INDIES

EXAMINATTONS OF APRILIMA Y 2009

Code and Name ofCourse: CHNG 1002 APPLIED CHEMISTRY ll

Date and Time: Duration: 3 HOURS

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES: This paper has 12 pages and 6 questions

ANSWER ANY FOUR (4) QUESTIONS

Past Papers with Multiple Choice and/or True/False questions

will no longer be distributed in our database due to
Examinations policy.
lc

©The University of the West Indies Course Code CHNG 1002 2008/2009
L
 2

1. Discuss/Explain the roles and functions of a modern crude oil refinery (5 marks) and
also of each of the following:
i. Crude Oil Distillation
ii. Hydrotreating
iii. Catalytic Cracking
iv. Catalytic Reforming
(5 marks each)

Please answer either Question 2 or Question 3.

2. a) Give the major chemical reactions occurring in catalytic cracking along with their
main mechanism(s).
(12 marks)

b) Indicate how the operating variables of a catalytic cracking unit affect the product
quality.
(13 marks)

OR

3. a) Describe and discuss what are the major chemical reactions occurring in
catalytic reforming.
(12 marks)
'
~-,..
b) Indicate what are the implications of the kinetics and the thermodynamics of
these reactions on the design and operations of a Catalytic Reforming Unit.
(Data Sheet 1)
(13 marks)

©The University of the West Indies Course Code CHNG1002 2008/2009

 3

4. a) Catalysts are used in the manufacture of petrochemicals. However reactions

occurring during the production process can lead to the deactivation of these
catalysts and hence shorten their useful life.

Outline these reactions and their effect on the process in the production of
ammonia.
(10 marks)

b) The pretreatment process is the first unit in a Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Plant.
Identify

i. The major contaminants in LNG and why it is necessary to remove them

to ensure successful liquefaction.
(7 marks)

ii. Some of the design considerations for the tanks used for storing LNG and
the safety measures that are incorporated in their design.
(8 marks)

5. a) Recent climate change is believed to be intimately connected with man's

excessive use of energy. List in bullet points some of the evidence and some of
the effects
(10 marks)

b) Why should climate change be of concern to Government worldwide?

(5 marks)

c) Note some actions being suggested. What is essential before any action could
become significant?
(5 marks)

d) How does the economic downturn affect the proposed actions?

(5 marks)

©The University of the West Indies Course Code CHNG 1002 2008/2009
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DATASHEET1

i. Dehydrogenation of ~ix Carbon Atom Ring Naphthenes to Aromatics

cS + (Highly Endothermic)
(Very Fast Reactio/1 Rate)

ii. Dehydroisomerisation of Cyc!op~;'1tanes to Aromatics

0 + SH, (Hi9hly Endothermic)

(Fast Reaction Rate)

iii. lsomerisation of normal to balanced paraffins

CHo CH2 CH2 CH2 CH 0 CHs (Negligible Heat of Reaction)

(Fast Reaction Rate) .

iv. Dehydrocyclizatlon of Paraffins to Aromatics

(Endothermic}
(Fast/Moderate Reaction Rate}
+4Hz

v. Hydrocrac!lng.of Paraffins
(Exothermic)
n- C,H.,. (Moderate!Siow Reaction Rate)

vi. lsomerisation of Aromatics

(Exothermic)
+2CH., (Slow Reaction Rate)

©The University of the West Indies Course Code CHNGI002 2008/2009