Crosson, Garry Active learning/Discussion Problems

Chm 123-05 Fall 2016

Sections 3.1 – 3.6 August 25, 2016

Student Name:_______________________

Directions: Each student shall attempt to complete all questions and exercises on this document.
In working on the document, students are encouraged to discuss/collaborate with others on the
problems. The goal of the assignment is to have you practicing what you likely saw last night in
your homework. Problems of this type will show up on your exam, so you should put a sincere
effort into completing these problems. Please place your numerical results in a box.

1. Is there a difference between a homogeneous mixture of hydrogen and oxygen in a 2:1

mole ratio and a sample of water vapor? Explain. (12)

Yes! A homogenous mixture of hydrogen and oxygen in a 2:1 ratio is simply two types of
gases mixed together to form a solution; the oxygen and hydrogen are not chemically
combined. In the case of water vapor, the oxygen and hydrogen are chemically combined.

2. Chlorine exists mainly as two isotopes,37Cl and 35Cl.Which is more abundant? How do you
know? (13)

The more abundant one should be the isotope with the mass value closest to that of average
mass on the periodice table. In this case, it is 35Cl.

3. In chemistry, what is meant by the term “mole”? What is the importance of the mole
concept? (20)

The mole is a unit representing a large number, 6.022 x 10 23 of units. The mole is
important for many reasons one of which the fact that it is a conversion factor allowing us
to convert between the microscopic world of large amounts of atoms to macroscopic world
of measurable masses.

4. Avogadro’s number, molar mass, and the chemical formula of a compound are three useful
conversion factors. What unit conversions can be accomplished using these conversion
factors? (24) molecules to atoms, mole to mole, mass to moles, moles to moles

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Crosson, Garry Active learning/Discussion Problems
Chm 123-05 Fall 2016
Sections 3.1 – 3.6 August 25, 2016

Student Name:_______________________

5. An element consists of 1.40% of an isotope with mass 203.973 u, 24.10% of an isotope with
mass 205.9745 u, 22.10% of an isotope with mass 206.9759 u, and 52.40% of an isotope
with mass 207.9766 u. Calculate the average atomic mass, and identify the element. (37)

0.0140(203.973) + 0.2410(205.9745) + 0.2210(206.9759) + 0.5240(207.9766) = 207.2 u

6. The stable isotopes of iron are 54Fe, 56Fe, 57Fe, and 58Fe. The mass spectrum of the sample
looks like the following:

Mass spectrum of a metal sample

100 91.75
90
Relative number of atoms

80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10 5.85 2.12 0.28
0
54 56 57 58
Mass number

Use the data on the mass spectrum to estimate the average atomic mass of iron, and
compare it to the value given in the table inside the front cover of this book. (44)

0.0585(54.00) + 0.9175(56.00) + 0.0212(57.00) + 0.0028(58.00) = 55.91 u

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Crosson, Garry Active learning/Discussion Problems
Chm 123-05 Fall 2016
Sections 3.1 – 3.6 August 25, 2016

Student Name:_______________________

7. Chloralhydrate (C2H3Cl3O2) is a drug formerly used as a sedative and hypnotic. It is the

compound used to make “Mickey Finns” in detective stories. (71)
a. Calculate the molar mass of chloral hydrate.

2(12.01) + 3(1.008) + 3(35.45) + 2(16.00) = 165.39 g/mol

b. What amount (moles) of (C2H3Cl3O2) molecules are in 500.0 g chloral hydrate?

3.023 mol C2H3Cl3O2

c. What is the mass in grams of 2.0 x 10-2 mole of chloral hydrate?

3.3 g C2H3Cl3O2

d. What number of chlorine atoms are in 5.0 g chloral hydrate?

5.5 × 1022 atoms of chlorine

e. What mass of chloral hydrate would contain 1.0 g Cl?

1.6 g chloral hydrate

f. What is the mass of exactly 500 molecules of chloral hydrate?

1.373 × 1019 g C2H3Cl3O2

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Crosson, Garry Active learning/Discussion Problems
Chm 123-05 Fall 2016
Sections 3.1 – 3.6 August 25, 2016

Student Name:_______________________

8. Calculate the percent composition by mass of the following compounds that are important
starting materials for synthetic polymers (73):
a. C3H4O2 (acrylic acid, from which acrylic plastics are made)

50.00% C 5.595% H 44.41% O

b. C4H6O2 (methyl acrylate, from which Plexiglas is made)

55.80% C 7.025% H 37.18% O

c. C3H3N (acrylonitrile, from which Orlon is made)

67.90% C; 5.699% H 26.40% N

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