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27.4.2011

POPULATION(SE2)

2011- 7 billion and 2045-9 billion—world population

Indias’s population 1.21 billion in 2011

By 2150 india will overtake china as the most populous country in the
world

500 mn-malnourished

1000 mn-no clean water

800 mn –illiterate

350 mn-unemployed

250 mn-in slums

1600 mn-no basic health care

The above totals 4.5 bn and cannot be expected to support 11 billion

persons

Demography-science of population

1. Fertility-socially controlled.

 Taboos on association

 Taboos on union

 Taboos against adultery

2. mortality
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 Suti, honour killings , natural death

 Black magic and sorcery

 Bad habits

3. migration –emotional and economic cost. It is always selective.

 Accessability and absence of restrictions

 Better qualified persons migrate

 Large scale migration leads to economic depression

Above three influence the number of people in a particular area

Population broken up into the following areas :

 Age

 Sex

 Literacy

 Religion

 Occupation

 Marital status

Population and nationalism : many countries do not receive immigrants

for economic, social or patriotic reasons

Distribution of population :

Causes of density of population :

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 Climate-temperature, rainfall and humidity. A high humidity like high

temperature checks the growth of population. Early human groups
developed in areas where food was readily available.

 Soil fertility-along the rivers

 Surface-mountain areas keep population small.

 Stage of economic development-highly agricultural or industrialized

Population distribution in india :

Age distribution-too much concentration at lower age groups

and too small concentration at higher age groups. This is
because of high mortality and high fertility in India.

Sex distribution-female population is less in India

Population distribution between villages and towns :

25% rural and 75% urban. Industrial progress involves the transfer of
huge numbers of population from primary to secondary and tertiary
industries

Growth of population : 10 times in 300 years due to following reasons

 Industrialization-prosperity in europe

 Reduction in death rate-famine, under nourishment, susceptibility

to disease reduced the last due to advances in medicine

Causes of population change :

 Birth rate-the richer have lower birth rate

 Death rate-has reduced drastically

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 Length of life-from 27 has gone upto 58 and now reaching 68

Increase in population :

Malthus :

Population when unchecked increases in geometrical ratio. Subsistence

increases in an arithmetical ratio

The standard of living and population :

 Natural resources-US is rich in this compared to Norway

 Invention-to capitalize on resources-equipment, communication,

transport are some of the areas

 Social organization

1) + ves peace and order

2) Money and credit system

3) Division of labour and efficient work force

 (-) ves currency fluctuations

 Bad credit system

 Disarranged production

 Lack of work culture

 Population-must be sufficient to produce food grains

 Inter relationship among all factors :

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New technology, resources exploited,hard work, thrift and

responsibililty and mutual discipline then standard of living can go
up

Decreasing growth of population :

 Due to birth control

 Interferes with the will of god