I am a nursing student from De OCampo Memorial College.

I am doing this video to share what I've

researched, studied and learned about COVID19.

This video is divided into 7 parts

A little introduction about the virus, The etiology or the origin of the said virus, the symptoms, how does
it spread or the modes and routes of transmission from COVID19, prevention and nursing procedures
that I think can help in combatting this virus.

Over the past few decades, a large number of people have been affected with the 3 epidemics caused by
coronavirus family (SARS-2003, MERS-2012, and COVID-2019) in the world. Nevertheless, there is
substantial genetic dissimilarity between pathogens of the three previous epidemics, in particular MERS
with COVID-19. In the previous epidemics, initial hotspots of diseases were Middle East, Saudi Arabia
(MERS) and China and animal to human, and then human to human transmissions of pathogens were
reported in other countries (1,2).

For COVID-19, as suggested by epidemiological evidence in China (at the time of writing this paper), this
outbreak began from a seafood and live animal shopping center in Wuhan, Hubei Province on December
12, 2019. However, similar to two previous epidemics, the current epidemic also switched to human to
human transmission immediately, and swept through most regions in China even faster than the
previous pandemics.

(notebook)

Next are the symptoms. The most common symptoms of COVID-19 are fever, tiredness, and dry cough.
Some patients may have aches and pains, nasal congestion, runny nose, sore throat or diarrhea. These
symptoms are usually mild and begin gradually. Some people become infected but don’t develop any
symptoms and don't feel unwell. Most people (about 80%) recover from the disease without needing
special treatment. Around 1 out of every 6 people who gets COVID-19 becomes seriously ill and develops
difficulty breathing. Older people, and those with underlying medical problems like high blood pressure,
heart problems or diabetes, are more likely to develop serious illness. People with fever, cough and
shortness of breath or difficulty breathing should seek medical attention.

People can catch COVID-19 from others who have the virus. The disease can spread from person to
person through small droplets from the nose or mouth which are spreading when a person with COVID-
19 coughs or exhales. These droplets land on objects and surfaces around the person. Other people then
catch COVID-19 by touching these objects or surfaces, then touching their eyes, nose or mouth. People
can also catch COVID-19 if they breathe in droplets from a person with COVID-19 who coughs out or
exhales droplets. This is why it is important to stay more than 1 meter (3 feet) away from a person who is
sick.

Not only that. As the COVID-19 outbreak continues to evolve, we are learning more about this new virus
every day. There are evidence on transmission from symptomatic, pre-symptomatic and asymptomatic
people infected with COVID-19.

Symptomatic transmission

By way of definition, a symptomatic COVID-19 case is a case who has developed signs and symptoms
compatible with COVID-19 virus infection. Symptomatic transmission refers to transmission from a
person while they are experiencing symptoms. People who feel unwell from a COVID-19 infection but
continue to come in close contact with others.

Pre-symptomatic transmission

The incubation period for COVID-19, which is the time between exposure to the virus (becoming
infected) and symptom onset, is on average 5-6 days, however can be up to 14 days. During this period,
also known as the “presymptomatic” period, some infected persons can be contagious. Therefore,
transmission from a pre-symptomatic case can occur before symptom onset. In short, these are people
who have been infected and are incubating the virus but don't yet show symptoms.

Asymptomatic transmission

An asymptomatic laboratory-confirmed case is a person infected with COVID-19 who does not develop
symptoms. Asymptomatic transmission refers to transmission of the virus from a person, who does not
develop symptoms.

Now, let's talk about the prevention part. This is very important to stop the spread of COVID19. 1st is
wash you hands frequently.

2nd, is to always wear a facial mask.

3rd from my list of prevetion is to avoid touching your eyes, mouth and nose.

4th cover your cough with the bend of your elbow or tissue.

5th avoid crowded areas or practice social distancing.

6th stay at home especially if you feel unwell with a slight fever and cough. 7th if you have a fever, cough
and difficulty breathing, seek medical attention early, but call by phone first. and lastly, stay aware of the
latest information from WHO or DOH in the Philippines. Remember, prevention is better than cure.

And as a nursing student, here are some of my ideas regarding nursing procedure for COVID19.

1st is hand washing. I'll show you how to properly wash your hands.

Wet your hands with water and apply soap. Let the water run smoothly to avoid touching faucet or tub
later on.

Rub hands palm to palm.

With your fingers interlaced, rub yung right hands to your left hands then, vice versa.

Rub again palm to palm with your fingers interlaced.

Rub the back of your fingers to opposing palm and rub again side to side.

Clasp right hand aaround left thumb and rub thumb in rotational manner then vice versa.

Rotational rubbing, backwards and forwards by placing fingertips of right hand in left palm and vice
versa.

Rinse hands under running water.

Dry hand thoroughly then, sanitize.

2nd, wear a facial mask. Wearing a surgical mask may seem easy, but do you know what are the Dos and
Don'ts? Watch this to learn the proper steps to wearing one and the mistakes to avoid.

How to Wear and remove a surgical mask:

Step 1: Wash your hands before wearing your mask.

Step 2: Hold the mask through the ear loops with the coloured side facing outwards.

Step 3: Ensure your mouth, nose and chin are covered.

Step 4: Pinch the metal edge of the mask so that it presses gently on your nose bridge.

Step 5: After using the mask, Remove used mask by holding only the ear loops.

Step 6: Dispose used mask into the bin.

Step 7: Wash your hands with soap and water.

Next is to interview the patient about his/her exposure risks. This includes his/her travel history during
the 14 days prior to sumptom onset, a close physical contact with a confirmed case of COVID19 in the
past 14 days, and working in a healthcare facility.

Also, we need to make a physical examination to the patient by checking his vital signs such as,
temperature, pulse rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure and oxygen saturation. It is also important to
ask the patient about hi/her health history like, hypertension, diabetes, or asthma.

Then, if the patient is considered PUI (Person under investigation), bring him/her to the isolation room
and is subject for X-ray and COVID19 testing. Remember to wear your PPE (personal protective
equipment).

If the patient is positive for COVID19, report to a physician. Follow the prescription of the physician.
Before giving the medication o your patient, give the patient an intradermal skin test to know if he/she
has an allergy to the said medication usually is it Hydroxychloroquine.

Lastly, always monitor the vital signs of the patient to know if he/she is getting better.
As an aspiring nurse someday, I believe that nurses are on the front line of disease outbreaks, so they
need to understand the basics of epidemiology and etiology and apply them where necessary. Giving
nursing care is full of risk, but it is our future duty to assist the ill and even well people. So, let's start to
practice our critical thinking, decidion making and aesthetic skills because Being able to observe, think
critically, make the right decision and act correctly are vital to being a successful nurse.

I hope and pray that this pandemic will end soon, so that everybody can move on and have a happy life.
Thank you for watching.