Slope Stability

Soil Mechanics
HELLO!
David Christopher
1806227742
Gladys Anabel
1806227774
Reyhan Nurhadian
1806227875
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1. INTRODUCTION
1. Introduction

Slope is a surface of which one

end or side is at a higher

level than another

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1. Introduction

Stability of slopes is necessary for:

1. Design of earth dams and embankments.

2. Analysis of stability of natural slopes.
3. Analysis of stability of excavated slopes.
4. Analysis of foundations and retaining walls.
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1. Introduction

Why do we need to understand slopes ?

1. Preventing failure to happen

2. To determine and compare shear stress developed along
the potential rupture surface with the shear strength of soil.

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1. Introduction

Slope Failure Triggers or Factors

1. Intense Rainfall
2. Earthquakes
3. Geological Features
4. External Loading
5. Construction Activity
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Varnes, 1978; Cruden and Varnes, 1996

Classification of Failure

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 Classification of Landslides

Varnes, 1978; Cruden and Varnes, 1996

 Classification of Landslides

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Varnes, 1978; Cruden and Varnes, 1996

1. Introduction

Types of Slopes
1. Natural Slopes:
Hillside, Riverbank.
1. Man-made Slopes:
Dams, Canals or waterways and excavations.
1. Engineered Slopes:
Embankment and retaining wall. 11

1. Finite and Infinite Slopes.

FINITE SLOPES

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1. Introduction: FINITE SLOPES

- Finite Slopes are the one which have a base and top surface
with the height being limited.
- The inclined faces of embankments, dams, excavation, and
others like it are all finite slopes
- Investigation of stability in finite slopes involve:
a. Assuming possible slip surface.
b. Studying the equilibrium of forces on the surface.
c. Repeating the process until we get the minimum margin
of safety for the worst case. 13
1. Introduction: FINITE SLOPES ANALYSIS
METHODS

- Taylor’s Stability Number

- Swedish Circle / Arc Method / Method of slices /
Standard Method
- Bishop’s Simplified Method

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INFINITE SLOPES

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1. Introduction: INFINITE SLOPES

- INFINITE Slopes are slopes that extend over great distances

relative to the soil mass that experience failure or slides.
- Failure is assumed to occur along a plane parallel to the
surface.

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1. Introduction: INFINITE SLOPES ANALYSIS

a. Case i Cohesionless soil

b. Case ii Cohesive Soil
c. Case iii Cohesive - Frictional Soil

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A. Case i Cohesionless Soil

Let the weight of soil = W = γLH

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B. Case ii Cohesive Soil

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C. Case iii Cohesive-Frictional Soil

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Classification of Landslides Based on Velocity

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2. SLOPE STABILITY
ANALYSIS
2.1 Factor of Safety

Factor of Safety of a slope is defined as the ratio between

the average shear strength (𝛕f) of a soil to the average
shear stress (𝛕d) developed along the potential failure
surface.

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2.2 Taylor’s Number Method

Ns = Taylor’s Number
Cu = Cohesion
Taylor proposed an analyzing method to find F = Factor of Safety
the stability of slope with the possible greatest
γ = Unit Weight
angle of slope and angle of internal friction.
This method is for homogeneous soils having H = height of cut
cohesion. 27
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Craig’s Soil Mechanics Eight Edition
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Page 477
2.3 Swedish Methods of Slices

The analysis is based

on the use of factor of
safety (F), defined as
the ratio of the
available shear strength
to the shear strength
which must be
mobilised.

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In this method, the
moment caused by
internal driving forces
of a slope is equal to
the moment caused by
forces resisting slope
failure, thus...

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Because of effective stress..

The Fellenius (or Swedish) Solution

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The factor of safety is taken to be the
same for each slice
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Variables needed:
Wi = γbhi (Total Weight of the Slice) La = li = b/cos∝
Ni’ = σi ’ l i (Effective Normal Force) (Length of the
Base)
Ui = uili (Boundary Pore Water Force)
C’ (Cohesion)
ui (Pore Water Pressure at centre of the
base)
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Another example in Craigs Textbook p. 482

2.4 Bishop Simplified Method

A more preferred
method for circular
failure surface with an
assumptions of
Tangent interslices
forces are equal and
opposite

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It is assumed that the resultant forces on the sides of
the slices are

The shear force is equal to:

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Resolve the forces in a vertical direction:

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2.4 Bishop-Morgenstern Method

They prepared a number of

charts for homogeneous soil
slopes with simple
geometry using Bishop’s
simplified method

- m and n are coefficients of stability

(shown on next slide)
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- ru is porewater pressure ratio
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Porewater pressure ratio (ru), can be calculated by:

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EXAMPLE

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m=1.8 FS = m - n x ru
= 1.8 - 1.9 x
n=1.9 0.35
= 1.1 48
GEOSTUDIO SLOPE/W

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“ REFERENCES
- R.F. Craig and J.A. Knappett Craig’s Soil
8th Edition 2012
- Muni Budhu, Soil Mechanics and
Foundations, 2nd Edition, John Wiley &
Sons, 2007, USA

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Highland, Lynn. (2004). Landslide Types and Processes, USGS [online]. Available from:
https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2004/3072/fs-2004-3072.html (Accessed 7 April 2020)

Anupju, Sadanandam. (2016). Types of Slopes Failures, The Constructor [online]. Available
from:
https://theconstructor.org/geotechnical/slope-failures-types/28467/ (Accessed 5
April 2020)

Fellenius Method, DUR [online]. Available from:

https://community.dur.ac.uk/~des0www4/cal/slopes/page5n.htm (Accessed 5
April 2020)

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Salunkhe, Digvijay P., Bartakke, Rupa N., Cvan, Guruprasd & Kothavale, Pooja R. (2017).
International Jourrnal Engineering Research and Technology (IJERT), An Overview on Methods for
Slope Stability Analysis. Vol. 6 Issue 03. 2278-0181

The Stability of Slopes, People.eng.edu [online]. Available from:

https://people.eng.unimelb.edu.au/stsy/geomechanics_text/Ch11_Slope.pdf
(Accessed 5 April 2020)

The Stability of Slopes, People.eng.edu [online]. Available from:

https://people.utm.my/azril/files/2017/12/Chapter-4-Slope-stability.pdf

Badry, P. (2017, April 12). Slope stability. Available from:

https://www.slideshare.net/PallaviBadry/slope-stability-74922154

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THANKS!
Any questions?

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