TUISYEN IBNU SINA CHEMISTRY MODULE 11

MANUFACTURED SUBTANCES IN INDUSTRY

Step 1 step 2
1 Sulphur + oxygen gas P gas Q
heat

sulphuric acid oleum

Diagram 1

The industrial process in the manufacturing of sulphuric acid is represented in

Diagram 1.

(a) Name the process of manufacturing sulphuric acid

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(b) Name gas P and gas Q

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(c) Write a balanced equation for step 1.

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(d) Write a balanced equation for step 2.

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(e) Name the catalyst involved in step 2.

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(f) Why gas Q is not dissolved directly in water to produce sulphuric acid?

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g) Explain how sulphuric acid is formed from sulphur dioxide.

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h) Sulphur dioxide gas, SO2 released in air, dissolve in rain water to form acid rain.
i) Write a chemical equation when sulphur dioxide reacts with water.

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ii) What is one of the effects of acid rain on the environment?

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iii) State two uses of sulphuric acid .

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2 Nitrogen gas is used to produce ammonia in industry .

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TUISYEN IBNU SINA CHEMISTRY MODULE 11
MANUFACTURED SUBTANCES IN INDUSTRY

(a) Name the industrial process in the production of ammonia.

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(b) State the ratio of nitrogen gas to hydrogen gas in the process.

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(c) Name the catalyst used in the process.

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(d) State the optimum temperature and pressure used for this process.

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(e) Write a balanced equation for this process.

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(f) State two uses of ammonia.

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(f) Both ammonium nitrate, NH4 NO3 and urea (NH2)2CO are fertilizers produced from
ammonia . Between the two types of fertilizer, which is a better fertilizer ? Explain
( relative atomic masses N = 14, O= 16, C =12 , H = 1)

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3. Table 1 shows five types of manufactured substances and their examples.

Manufactured substances Example
Alloy Bronze
Glass Fused glass
Composite matter Fibre glass
Polymer Polyvinylchloride
Ceramic Vase

(a) Explain why bronze is stronger and tougher than pure copper.

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(b) Draw the arrangement of atoms in bronze. Label and name the atoms .

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TUISYEN IBNU SINA CHEMISTRY MODULE 11
MANUFACTURED SUBTANCES IN INDUSTRY

(c) Draw and labeled the set-up of apparatus used to compare the hardness of copper and
bronze

(d) Pewter is another alloy used in making ornaments.

(i) Name the main metal used in making pewter

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(ii) State the aim of alloying in d(i).

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(e) Composite materials are formed by combining two or more different materials.
(i) Name the two materials added together to produce fibre glass.

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(ii) State one use of fibre glass ?

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(iii) Photochromic glass is a type of glass sensitive to light intensity.
Name the compound added to normal glass to produce photochromic glass.

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f) (i) Give one use of fused glass.

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(ii) What is the main component of fused glass.?

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(iii) State one type of glass other than fused glass and state its uses.

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TUISYEN IBNU SINA CHEMISTRY MODULE 11
MANUFACTURED SUBTANCES IN INDUSTRY

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g) Diagram shows a part of molecular structure of Polychloroethene (polyvinylchloride)
H H H H H H

C C C C C C

H Cl H Cl H Cl
Diagram 2

(i) Draw the structure of its monomer

(ii) Polychloroethene (Polyvinylchloride) is often used as water pipes at home. State one
advantage of using this type of pipe compared to metal pipes

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(iii) Polychloroethene (Polyvinyl chloride) can cause environmental pollution . Explain

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h)

Diagram 3

Diagram 3 shows a picture of some pots made of ceramic. Ceramic are made of clay.

i) Name the main component of clay

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ii) State the properties of ceramic in each below.

spark plug ……………………………………………………………………………

lining of furnace :……………………………………………………………………………

4.
I mol dm-3 of
substance X 4
TUISYEN IBNU SINA CHEMISTRY MODULE 11
MANUFACTURED SUBTANCES IN INDUSTRY

Ammonium
1 mol dm -3 sulphate
of solution Ammonium
ammonium sulphate crystal
hydroxide

heat
Step 1 Step 2 Step 3

Diagram 4

Diagram 4 shows the steps in the preparation of ammonium sulphate

in the laboratory.

a) Name the substance X used in step 1

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b) Write a balanced equation for the reaction in step 1

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c) In step 2, the ammonium sulphate crystal is not evaporated until dry. Why?

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d) In step 3, ammonium sulphate crystal is filtered, washed and dried.

How do we dry the crystals formed?.

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e) Calculate the percentage of nitrogen in ammonium sulphate.

( Relative atomic masses N = 14, O= 16 , H = 1)

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TUISYEN IBNU SINA CHEMISTRY MODULE 11
MANUFACTURED SUBTANCES IN INDUSTRY

5
monomer Polymer
Amino acid X
Y starch
ethene Z

The table shows some monomers and its polymer.

a) What is meant by polymer?

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b) Name polymer X

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c) (i) Name the monomer Y

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(ii) Name other polymer made from monomer Y

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d) i) Name polymer Z

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ii) Draw the structure of polymer Z