1.

The present perfect ➢ I have not

tense is used to
describe an slept in the
experience. We do not past two
use it for specific
actions.
days.

2. The present perfect I/You + have + verb in I/You + have + not + Have + I/You + verb in ➢ I’m not
is used for a change in past participle + verb in past participle past participle + hungry
time.
complement. + complement. complement. because I
3. It is used for have eaten
successes or
achievements an apple.
4. We use the present
perfect for actions that He/She/It/ + has + He/She/It/ + has + Has + He/She/It/ + ➢ I have
have not yet verb in past participle not + verb in past verb in past participle bought a car.
happened. The use of
the present perfect + complement. participle + + complement.
tense in these cases ➢ I have in USA
indicates that we are
complement. this year.
still waiting for the
action, therefore, we
frequently use the ➢ Have you
adverbs "yet" and We/You/They + have Have + We/You/They done?
"still".
+verb in past We/You/They + have + +verb in past
5. The present perfect participle + not + verb in past participle + ➢ He has not
tense is used to talk played well.
about actions at complement. participle + complement.
different times in the complement.
past. The use of the
present perfect in
these cases indicates
that more actions are
possible in the future.

❑ I have been
writing
articles on
different
topics since
morning.
We use this time when
we want to express the ❑ He has been
sense of continuity of I/You + have + been + I/You + have + not + Have + I/You + been + reading the
an action that has
started in the past and verb with ing + been + verb with ing + verb with ing + book for two
that still lasts in the complement. complement. complement. hours.
present or that has just
ended.
❑ We have not
been
We are referring to watching the
something we have
He/She/It + has + He/She/It + has + not Has + He/She/It + cricket match
been doing over a been + verb with ing + + been + verb with ing been + verb with ing + for an hour.
period of time,
therefore we use the
complement. + complement. complement.
time prepositions "for" ❑ My mom has
and "since".
not been
cooking for
We/You/They + have + We/You/They + have + Have + We/You/They three hours.
If we use the present
perfect continuous been + verb with ing + not + been + verb with + been + verb with ing
without a period of ❑ Have you
time, it means “lately” complement. ing + complement. + complement.
or “recently”.
been listening
to realistic
songs since
morning?

❑ Have they
been
preparing the
assignment
for two hours?