chemical biotechnology

Engineering Chemistry
Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies
8 pag.

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 Heat Transfer Questions for Practice

Example 1.

A stainless steel pipe, thermal conductivity of k = 15 W/[m°C ]), with a 3 cm inner diameter and
wall thickness of 1.5 cm is being used to convey high pressure steam. The pipe is covered with a
5 cm layer of insulation (k = 0.18 W/[m°C]). The inside steel surface temperature is 300 °C and
the outside insulation surface temperature is 100 °C.

Determine the rate of heat transfer per meter length of pipe.

Should you be concerned about the integrity of the insulation if it has a melting
temperature of 220 °C.

Given,
Thermal Conductivity (k) of steel = 15 W/[m°C ])
Diameter of inside pipe = 3 cm = 0.03 m (converted to meter)
Thickness of pipe = 1.5 cm = 0.015 m (converted to meter)
Thermal conductivity (k) of insulator = 0.18 W/[m°C ])
Thickness of pipe = 5 cm = 0.05 m (converted to meter)
Temperature inside the pipe = 300 °C.
Outside insulation surface temperature = 100°C.
Length of pipe = 1 m

From equation,
Rate of heat transfer (q) =

Thermal resistance (Rt) =

From figure,
Radius of inside pipe ( ) = 0.015 m (calculated from diameter)
Radius of outside pipe ( ) = 0.030 m (0.015 + 0.015)
Radius of steel pipe with insulator ( ) = 0.080 m (0.015 + 0.015 + 0.05)

Thermal resistance of steel pipe =

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 Heat Transfer Questions for Practice

.
. .
= = = 0.00736 °C/W
. .

Thermal resistance of insulation layer =

. !
. . "
= . . "
= .
= 0.867 °C/W

Rate of heat transfer (q) from insulated pipe =

= . # ." #
= ."#
= 228.83 W

In order to find integrity of the insulation layer, temperature of the interface layer is calculated:
So, from equation,
q=

$
228.83 =
. #

(300 – x) = (0.00736 x 228.83)

(300 – x) = (1.68)
(300 – 1.68) = x
X = 298.32 W

As the rate of heat transfer from insulation layer is higher than its melting temperature (220°C),
the insulation will not work.

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 Heat Transfer Questions for Practice

Example 2.

A stainless steel pipe, thermal conductivity of k = 23 W/[m°C ]), with a 5 cm inner diameter and
wall thickness of 2 cm is being used to convey high pressure steam. The pipe is covered with a 5
cm layer of insulation (k = 0.09 W/[m°C]). The inside steel surface temperature is 300 °C and the
outside insulation surface temperature is 90 °C.

Determine the rate of heat transfer per meter length of pipe.

Should you be concerned about the integrity of the insulation if it has a melting temperature of
300 °C.

Example 3.

A stainless steel pipe, thermal conductivity of k = 39 W/[m°C ]), with a 20 cm inner diameter and
wall thickness of 12 cm is being used to convey high pressure steam. The pipe is covered with a
5 cm layer of insulation (k = 0.09 W/[m°C]). The inside steel surface temperature is 180 °C and
the outside insulation surface temperature is 56 °C.

Determine the rate of heat transfer per meter length of pipe.

Should you be concerned about the integrity of the insulation if it has a melting temperature of
200 °C.

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 Heat Transfer Questions for Practice

Example 4.

(a) A stainless steel pipe, thermal conductivity of k = 15 W/[m°C ]), with a 2.5 cm inner
diameter and wall thickness of 1.25 cm is being used to convey high pressure steam. The
pipe is covered with a 5cm layer of insulation (k = 0.18 W/[m°C]). The inside steel
surface temperature is 300°C and the outside insulation surface temperature is 90°C.

Determine the rate of heat transfer per meter length of pipe.

Should you be concerned about the integrity of the insulation if it has a melting
temperature of 220°C.

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 Heat Transfer Questions for Practice

Example 5.

a) Water flows through an uninsulated 0.05 m diameter pipe which has a wall thickness of
0.02 m. The thermal conductivity of the pipe wall is 50 W/[m°K] and the inside and outside
surface temperatures of the pipe are 70 °C and 69.0 °C respectively. Calculate the radial
heat loss per meter length of the pipe.

b) If this pipe is insulated with a 0.05 m thick layer of material with thermal conductivity of
0.2 W/[m°K] which reduces the external surface temperature of the insulation to 25 °C.
Determine the reduction in heat loss per meter length of pipe.

Solution (a)

Given,

Thickness of pipe = 0.02 m

Diameter of inside pipe = 0.05 m (Calculate inside radius,
remember radius = diameter/2)
Thermal Conductivity (k) of steel = 50 W/[m°K ])
Temperature inside the pipe = 70 °C (Convert to kelvin, 70 + 273.15
= 343.15 °K)
Outside surface temperature = 69°C (Convert to kelvin, 69 + 273.15 = 342.15 °K)
Length of pipe = 1 m

From equation,

Rate of heat transfer (q) =

Thermal resistance (Rt) =

From figure,

Radius of inside pipe ( % ) = 0.025 m (calculated from diameter)

Radius of outside pipe ( & ) = 0.045 m (0.025 + 0.02 m)

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 Heat Transfer Questions for Practice

Thermal resistance (Rt1) of pipe = or

. '
. . "
= = = 0.00187 °K/W
.
. .
Rate of heat transfer (q) = = = = 534.76 W
. "# . "#

Solution (b)

Thickness of insulator = 0.05 m

Thermal conductivity (k) of insulator = 0.2 W/m°K
Surface temperature of the insulation = 25 °C (Convert to kelvin,
25 + 273.15 = 298.15 °K)
Radius of steel pipe with insulator ( ) = 0.095 m (0.025 + 0.02
+ 0.05 m)

Rate of heat transfer (q) from insulated pipe =

Now we will calculate () *+, () (note that

() -. /*0/10*23, 3*40-345 67-/7 6*. 8.889:; <=>?

Thermal resistance of insulation layer (Rt2)=

. @
. ' .# #
= = = = 0.595 °K/W
. . .

Rate of heat transfer (qr) from insulated pipe =

. ".
= = = 75.39 W
. "# . . "

Reduction in heat loss: Heat loss before insulation – Heat loss after insulation

: 534.76 – 75.39 = 459.37 W

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 Heat Transfer Questions for Practice

Example 6.

a) Water flows through an uninsulated 0.98 m diameter pipe which has a wall thickness of
0.12 m. The thermal conductivity of the pipe wall is 54 W/[m°K] and the inside and outside
surface temperatures of the pipe are 50 °C and 42 °C respectively. Calculate the radial heat
loss per meter length of the pipe.

b) If this pipe is insulated with a 0.15 m thick layer of material with thermal conductivity of
0.24 W/[m°K] which reduces the external surface temperature of the insulation to 28 °C.
Determine the reduction in heat loss per meter length of pipe.

Example 7.

a) Water flows through an uninsulated 50 cm diameter pipe which has a wall thickness of
0.22 cm. The thermal conductivity of the pipe wall is 48 W/[m°K] and the inside and
outside surface temperatures of the pipe are 172 °C and 70.0 °C respectively. Calculate the
radial heat loss per meter length of the pipe.

b) If this pipe is insulated with a 0.20 m thick layer of material with thermal conductivity of
0.02 W/[m°K] which reduces the external surface temperature of the insulation to 26 °C.
Determine the reduction in heat loss per meter length of pipe.

Example 8.

(a) Water flows through an uninsulated 0.048 m diameter pipe which has a wall thickness of
0.01 m. The thermal conductivity of the pipe wall is 50 W m-1 K-1 and the inside and
outside surface temperatures of the pipe are 70 °C and 69.5 °C respectively. Calculate the
radial heat loss per meter length.
(b) If this pipe is insulated with a 0.03 m thick layer of material with thermal conductivity of
0.2 W m-1 K-1 which reduces the external surface temperature of the insulation to 25 °C.
Determine the reduction in heat loss per meter length of pipe.

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 Heat Transfer Questions for Practice

Example 8.

(a) It is proposed to build a store having an outer wall of concrete (100mm thick) and an
inner wall of wood (10 mm thick), with the space in between (100 mm thick) filled with
polyurethane foam. If the inner wall temperature is 5°C and the outer wall is at ambient
air temperature of 20°C, calculate the rate of heat penetration per unit area.
Thermal conductivity (k) of concrete, polyurethane foam and wood are 0.8, 0.025 and 0.17 W m-1
K-1 respectively.

(b) Calculate the temperature at the interfaces of the three layers, T2 and T3.

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