CONTENTS

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Welding Inspection Handbook
Contents 1
Section
Subject
1
SOCKET WELDS
2
MEASUREMENT OF FILLET WELDS
3
USE OF INSPECTION GAGES
4
GROOVE WELDS, AWS D1.1 (PIPE AND PLATE)
5
WELDING SYMBOLS (AWS A2.4)
6
VISUAL AND NDE ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA (AWS D1.1)
7
VISUAL AND NDE ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA (ASME/ANSI)
8
CODE REQUIRED NDE
9
DEFECTS
10
REPAIR OF WELD DEFECTS
11
BASE METAL REPAIR BY WELDING
12
WELDING PROCESSES
13
PREHEAT/INTERPASS TEMPERATURES
14
POSTWELD HEAT TREATMENT (PWHT)
15
PREQUALIFIED WELD JOINTS (AWS D1.1)
16
SKEWED T-JOINTS
17
PROCEDURE/WELDER QUALIFICATION (AWS D1.1)
18
PROCEDURE/WELDER QUALIFICATION (ASME SECTION IX)
19
CHARTS
20
TERMS AND DEFINITION
Section 1

Socket Welds

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1-0

Page

1.1

ASME B31.1.............................................................................................

1-1

1.1.1

Fittings.......................................................................................................

1-1

1.1.2

Flanges.......................................................................................................

1-2

1.2

ASME B31.3.............................................................................................

1-2

1.3

ASME SECTION III.................................................................................

1-3

1.3.1

Welding Requirements...............................................................................

1-3

1.4

AWS D1.1.................................................................................................

1-3

1.4.1

No Requirements in AWS D1.1..................................................................

1-
Section 1

Socket Welds

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1-1

1.1

ASME B31.1
In the assembly of the joint before welding, the pipe or tube shall be inserted into the socket to themaximum depth and then
withdrawn approximately 1/16 inch from contact between the end of thepipe and the shoulder of the socket [See Figs 127.4.4
(B) and (C)].In sleeve type joints withoutinternal shoulder, there shall be a distance of approximately 1/16 inch between the
butting ends ofthe pipe or tube.
The fit between the socket and the pipe shall conform to applicable standards for socket weld
fittings and in no case shall the inside diameter of the socket or sleeve exceed the outside diameter
of the pipe or tube by more than 0.080 in. [127.3 (E)]

1.1.1 Fittings

For socket welded fittin

gs, the minimum welding dimensions are shown below.

Figure 127.4.4 (C)Minimum Welding Dimensions Required for

Socket Welding Components Other Then Flange

1.1.2 Flanges
Typical welding details for slip-on and socket-welding flanges are shown belowNotes:

(1)Refer to Para. 122.1.1 (F) for limitations of use.(2)Refer to Para. 122.1.1 (H) for limitations of use.(3)Refer to Para.
104.5.1 for limitations of use.

Figure 127.4.4 (B)Welding Details for Slip-On and Socket-Welding Flanges;

Some Acceptable Types of Flange Attachment Welds

1.2

ASME B31.3

Typical weld details for slip-on and socket weld flanges are shown in Figure 328.5.2B; minimum

welding dimensions for other socket welding components are shown in Fig. 328.5.2C.

(328.5.2(a)

If slip-on flanges are single welded, the weld shall be at the hub.(328.5.2(b)
Welds

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1-3

Figure 328.5.2CMinimum Welding Dimensions for Socket Welding Components

Other Than Flanges

1.3

ASME SECTION III

1.3.1 Welding Requirements

Illustrations concerning socket welds for ASME/ANSI-B31.1 and ASME Section III are the
same.Also, the method used for calculation for determining socket weld size is the same, except
that for flange-to-pipe socket weld requirements, the following apply.(NX-4427)

(Figure NX-4427-1)

1.4

AWS D.1.1

1.4.1No Requirements in AWS D1.

ection 2
Measurement of Fillet Welds
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Page
2.1
AWS D1.1.................................................................................................
2-1
2.1.1
Effective Length.........................................................................................
2-1
2.1.2
Effective Throat.........................................................................................
2-1
2.1.3
Theoretical Throat.....................................................................................
2-2
2.1.4
Minimum Size............................................................................................
2-3
2.1.5
Maximum Size Along Edges......................................................................
2-3
2.1.6
Minimum Length........................................................................................
2-3
2.1.7
Gaps Between Members.............................................................................
2-4
2.1.8
Faying Surfaces..........................................................................................
2-4
2.1.9
Fillet Weld Profiles (AWS 3.6)...................................................................
2-5
2.1.10
Gaps for Tubular Structures.......................................................................
2-6
2.1.11
Undersized Fillet Welds (Buildings)............................................................
2-6
2.1.12
Stud Welding (Manual) Fillet Weld Size.....................................................
2-6
2.1.13
Skewed T-Joints........................................................................................
2-7
2.2
ASME/ANSI B31.1...................................................................................
2-7
2.2.1
Fillet Welds................................................................................................
2-7
2.2.2
Size of Fillet Welds....................................................................................
2-7
2.3
ASME SECTION III.................................................................................
2-8
2.3.1
Fillet Weld Size..........................................................................................
2-8
2.3.2
Attachments to Piping after Hydro.............................................................
2-9
2.4
ASME/ANSI B31.3...................................................................................
2-9
2.4.1
Fillet Welds................................................................................................
2-9
2.4.2
Welded Branch Connections....................................................................... 2-11
2.4.3
Reinforcing Pad or Saddle.......................................................................... 2-11
2.4.4
Nomenclature and Symbols........................................................................ 2-12

Section 2
Measurement of Fillet Welds
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2-1
2.1
AWS D1.1
2.1.1 Effective Length
The effective length of a fillet weld is the overall length of the full-size fillet, including end returns.
No reduction of weld length is necessary for starts or craters, provided the weld is full size
throughout its length, including craters.(AWS-2.3.2.1, 8.15.1.3)
2.1.2 Effective Throat
The effective throat is the shortest distance from the root of the joint to its face.(2.3.2.4)
For the purpose of measuring fillet welds, the
theoretical throat should be used.