Name:3/C Manuel, Jade Carlo B.

Year/Section: S2 Alpha Mar-E Date: April 03 ,2020

Research Work: Steam Boiler fuel atomization and combustion

1. Explain the thorough and rapid mixing of atomization fuel and combustion air.
  On the mixing process of methane-air in rectangular burners. It is important to define
the initial distribution of gas within the airflow in order to maintain conditions necessary for
release and heat exchange on the surfaces of burners. This problem forms the basis for the
design of burners, and must be resolved by means of calculating the distribution system for
gas in the burner. An algorithm has been derived for the calculation of the depth of
penetration of the gas jets in the airflow. Dependencies among the geometric parameters of
the burner and the gas distribution system were determined. Also the equations for the
calculation of the coefficient of local excess air and coefficient of air in the burner obtained
were. Improvement of burner design was achieved, as was the obtaining of a complete
mixture of gas with the air prior to being fed to the combustion zone.
2.Explains the importance of atomization when it is required to mix a liquid fuel with
air prior to combustion.
For combustion to take place Fuel Atomization is necessary. Fuel atomization means
breaking the fuel into small particles which can further be mixed / emulsified with the air in
order to ensure proper Air-Fuel Ratio for combustion. See, the smaller the fuel droplets, the
greater the surface area for a given amount of discharged fuel. Thus, there is more exposure
to heat so the phase change to a vapor becomes greatly improved. An easy way to think about
this would be a block of ice on a hot summer day and an equal mass of shaved ice spread out
on the same surface. The shaved ice has a greater surface area and will melt quicker than the
block. As the engine speed increases, the fuel and air velocity through the intake manifold
also goes higher, and more of the fuel is atomized than would be at low speeds.

3. Explain theoretical and actual air/fuel ratio for a typical boiler fuel allowing for
normal excess air in the furnace of steam boiler.
Stable combustion conditions requires right amounts of fuels and oxygen. The combustion
products are heat energy, carbon dioxide, water vapor, nitrogen, and other gases (excluding
oxygen). In theory there is a specific amount of oxygen needed to completely burn a given
amount of fuel. In practice, burning conditions are never ideal.

Therefore, in practice more air than ideal must be supplied to burn all fuel completely.
The amount of air more than the theoretical requirement is referred to as excess air.

Power plant boilers normally run about 10 to 20 percent excess air. Natural gas-fired
boilers may run as low as 5 percent excess air. Pulverized coal-fired boilers may run
with 20 percent excess air. Gas turbines runs very lean with up to 300 percent excess air.
4. Explain the excess of air must be kept to a minimum, consistent with good
combustion.
Operating your boiler with an optimum amount of excess air will minimize heat loss up
the stack and improve combustion efficiency. Combustion efficiency is a measure of how
effectively the heat content of a fuel is transferred into usable heat. The stack temperature and
flue gas oxygen (or carbon dioxide) concentrations are primary indicators of combustion
efficiency. Given complete mixing, a precise or stoichiometric amount of air is required to
completely react with a given quantity of fuel. In practice, combustion conditions are never
ideal, and additional or “excess” air must be supplied to completely burn the fuel.
5.Explain atomization is produced by the fuel, at high pressure, passing through a small
orifice in the burner nozzle.
The burner is universally used except in domestic or low-pressure service.
Good atomization results when oil under high pressure (to 300 psi) passes through a small
orifice and emerges as a conical mist. The orifice atomizing the fuel is often aided by a
slotted disk that whirls the oil before it enters the nozzle.