10/6/2018 Aadhaar verdict: SCs majority judgment lacks consistency in logic and reasoning, turns constitutional analysis on its

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Aadhaar verdict: SC's majority judgment

lacks consistency in logic and reasoning,
turns constitutional analysis on its head
India (/category/india) Malavika Prasad (https://www.firstpost.com/author/malavika-prasad)
Sep 29, 2018 11:39:52 IST
Comment 0 Share 23

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Editor's Note: This is the rst in a two-part series analysing the judgment of the
Supreme Court of India in KS Puttaswamy versus Union of India, upholding the
validity of the Aadhaar project

There was a time when women were forbidden from being employed in "any part of
such premises in which liquor or intoxicating drug was consumed by the public” in
India. The Hotel Association of India questioned this rule for violating a woman’s
freedom to choose her job, while the government justi ed the rule as meant to ensure
the safety of women. The question before the court became whether the State could
attempt to ensure women’s safety by curtailing her autonomy and freedom to choose
a job. Noting that the State protects women’s safety so that they may exercise their
freedom to choose jobs, among others, the Supreme Court struck down the rule in
Anuj Garg versus Hotel Association in 2007.

Surely, safety measures to safeguard a woman’s freedom cannot be so strong as to

negate the essence of her freedom itself, they reasoned, adding that the State should
do what it can to ensure that women can be safe, despite being employed in
establishments where liquor was consumed. The court felt that its task was to ensure
that measures meant to protect the interests of women are "proportionate" to "norms
such as autonomy, ... right to privacy et al."

Striking a discordant note

About a decade later, an almost identical

question was before the Supreme Court,
this time in the context of Aadhaar.
Petitioners questioned the rule
mandating Aadhaar-based biometric

1
Representational image. Reuters
2 3
authentication for receiving welfare
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10/6/2018 Aadhaar verdict: SCs majority judgment lacks consistency in logic and reasoning, turns constitutional analysis on its head

bene ts and subsidies like ration and LPG, saying it was antithetical to one’s dignity
and privacy. Besides, it was not poor implementation of the Aadhaar Act that excluded
bene ciaries from receiving bene ts but the very design of the Act itself: biometric
authentication was a probabilistic system of identi cation that resulted in false
negatives and positives. The Government of India defended the rule stating that
authentication through Aadhaar, by scanning one’s ngerprint or iris, enlivened the
Fundamental Right to Life under Article 21 of the Constitution. After all, to live with
dignity and privacy under Article 21, Indians ought to be able to access food,
employment and other welfare bene ts, the State reasoned. No citizen could have a
"reasonable expectation of privacy" over their ngerprints or iris-scans as they were
not intimate aspects an individual’s life, the State said.

Once again, the question before the Court was whether the State could attempt to
ensure access to welfare bene ts and subsidies to protect one’s dignity, by overriding
one’s right to privacy and dignity. Yet, the court upheld the rule mandating Aadhaar
for welfare bene ts. In the court’s words, they were concerned with “... the balancing
of the two facets of dignity".

Weighing the right to privacy against one’s right to access food, shelter and
employment, the court held that “inroads into the privacy rights” by compelling
biometric authentication “was minimal”, when compared with the larger public
interest of preventing leaks in the distribution of bene ts and subsidies. This
seeming assertion is backed by no reasoning other than that the State is not
committing a worse infringement by tracking bene ciaries’ movements or pro ling
them.

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10/6/2018 Aadhaar verdict: SCs majority judgment lacks consistency in logic and reasoning, turns constitutional analysis on its head

When departing from precedent on a similar constitutional

question, the court ought to state why. Anuj Garg answered an
identical question: can the State curtail the autonomy of an
individual in the name of securing the autonomy of an
individual. In the Anuj Garg case, the State sought to secure
security of women, and in the KS Puttaswamy case, the State
sought to secure access to welfare and subsidy bene ts. In both
cases, the State chose autonomy-infringing means: denying
women the freedom to work at establishments serving liquor,
and denying citizens the freedom to choose when to share their
ngerprints and iris scans with the State.

While in the Anuj Garg case, the court chose to test whether the State used
"proportionate" means to achieve its aims, in the KS Puttaswamy case, the court chose
to "balance" the State’s means with its aims. This approach raises many questions:
what does it mean to balance two incommensurate variables such as the right to
access food and employment, and the loss of the right to choose how to use one’s
biometric data? Does "balancing" provide any objective outcomes, or is it likely that
each of us would arrive at a different answer as to which right prevails in the balance?
The KS Puttaswamy court did not even acknowledge the Anuj Garg court's
considerably more concrete analysis.

Inconsistent reasoning

There are other conceptual slips in the court's reasoning in the KS Puttaswamy case.
First, the court in the KS Puttaswamy case held that only those welfare schemes that
were akin to subsidies could be made conditional on Aadhaar-based biometric
1 2
authentication as per Section 7 of the Aadhaar Act. In the court’s words, these include3 4 5
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10/6/2018 Aadhaar verdict: SCs majority judgment lacks consistency in logic and reasoning, turns constitutional analysis on its head

“welfare schemes of the government whereby the government is doling out such
bene ts which are targeted at a particular deprived class". Thus, pension, being a
right, could not be linked to a mandatory Aadhaar condition.

However, the court also holds in regard to Aadhaar for school admissions that: “...
requirement of Aadhaar would not be compulsory as it is neither a service nor
subsidy.... having regard to the fact that a child between the age of six to 14 years has
the fundamental right to education under Article 21A of the Constitution, school
admission cannot be treated as 'bene t' as well".

And, if the right to education being a fundamental right under

Article 21A is the reason it is not a subsidy or service, then the
right to food being a fundamental right under Article 21 would
imply that even food and employment could not be
characterised as a subsidy or service. Yet, the court holds that
the invasion of privacy for providing food, employment and
related subsidies and bene ts was justi ed as it "enlivens" the
fundamental right to life and personal liberty under Article 21
(page 337).

Second, the court appears to hold that a "law" in the form of statute must validate a
mandatory Aadhaar authentication. For instance, CBSE, NEET, JEE and UGC
requirements for Aadhaar were held to be invalid unless they were backed by law
(page 555), and demonstrably funded from the Consolidated Fund of India. Likewise,
mandatory Aadhaar-PAN linkage under Section 139AA of the Income Tax Act was
justi ed on the ground that it was introduced by law (page 490) and otherwise
proportionate. Yet, in justifying PDS and MGNREGA, the court did not look for any

1 2
special "law" institutionalizing those subsidies, and was content with using Section 7
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10/6/2018 Aadhaar verdict: SCs majority judgment lacks consistency in logic and reasoning, turns constitutional analysis on its head

of the Aadhaar Act. Does this mean that JEE, NEET, etc, are excluded only because the
source of funding might not be the Consolidated Fund? If that is the case, what has
Section 139AA’s validity got to do with the Consolidated Fund of India?

Turning constitutionality analysis on its head

The court nds itself so tangled because it sought to hold Section 7’s targeted
disbursement of bene ts and subsidies as central to the purpose of the Aadhaar
project. It chose to do this to justify the Aadhaar Act as needing expenditure from the
Consolidation Fund of India, to say that the Aadhaar Bill could validly be Money Bill
under Article 110 of the Constitution of India. After all, one of the key questions
before the court was if the Aadhaar Bill was certi ed as a Money Bill only to strong-
arm its passage through a back door, bypassing the Rajya Sabha.

In the court’s words:

“The Statement of Objects and Reasons very categorically record that the main
purpose of Aadhaar Act is to ensure that such subsidies, bene ts and services reach
those categories of persons, for whom they are actually meant.... Even where the state
subsidises in part, whether in cash or kind, the objective of emancipation of the poor
remains the goal.... It follows that authentication under Section 7 would be required
as a condition for receipt of a subsidy, bene t or service only when such a subsidy,
bene t or service is taken care of by Consolidated Fund of India. Therefore, Section 7
is the core provision of the Aadhaar Act and this provision satis es the conditions of
Article 110 of the Constitution.”

To hold that the expenditure from the Consolidated Fund makes the Aadhaar Bill a
valid Money Bill, the court had to read down those provisions in the Aadhaar Act that
had no connection with the Consolidated Fund. For instance, Section 57, the
provision enabling private entities to insist on Aadhaar, was read down to exclude
Aadhaar authentication that does not have a substantial nexus with appropriation of
funds from the Consolidated Fund of India (page 486). Likewise, the power of UIDAI
1 2
to specify the purposes for which Aadhaar can be used, in Section 23(2)(h) was
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10/6/2018 Aadhaar verdict: SCs majority judgment lacks consistency in logic and reasoning, turns constitutional analysis on its head

limited to purposes akin to Section 7 (page 484-5). These interpretive gymnastics

enabled the court to hold that all the matters in the Act were either concerned with or
incidental to expenses from the Consolidated Fund of India, thus making the Aadhaar
Bill a valid Money Bill as per Article 110.

This approach reveal a fatal aw in the court’s reasoning: the

court had decided that it would uphold the Bill’s passing before
it tested whether the Speaker of the Lok Sabha had the power to
certify the Bill as a Money Bill. The court should have rst
decided if the Speaker appropriately certi ed the Bill as a Money
Bill.

This could have been the case if the Aadhaar Bill dealt “only” with expenses from the
Consolidated Fund of India per Article 110(1). Evidently, it did not. Therefore the court
went about reading down provisions of the Aadhaar Act, so that the pruned version of
the Act would relate "only" to expenses from the Consolidated Fund of India. Needless
to say, the pruned version was easier to treat as a valid Money Bill, albeit
retrospectively.

Two things are crucial to note: First, it was because of the initial wide scope of the
Aadhaar Bill that it was challenged for having very little to do with expenses from the
Consolidated Fund of India. Had the Aadhaar Bill been passed in this reduced scope
at the very beginning, there would have been no question as to the correctness of its
passage.

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10/6/2018 Aadhaar verdict: SCs majority judgment lacks consistency in logic and reasoning, turns constitutional analysis on its head

Second, only if the Bill had been validly passed could the court
have gone on to ask if the substance of the Bill violated rights to
privacy and dignity. The court, however, did the reverse. It
answered the questions of privacy and dignity, pruned some
sections of the Act, and dealt with the constitutionality of its
passage upon pruning, retrospectively. This is why the question
of whether the Bill was rightly passed as a Money Bill only
appears on page 457 of a 567-page opinion.

To conclude, even if one were ideologically neutral about the Aadhaar project, the
approach taken by the majority judgment in KS Puttaswamy versus Union of India
case leaves much to be desired in terms of consistency of logic, judicial reasoning,
and constitutional law.

The author is a Bangalore-based lawyer. She tweets @MaLawdy

Updated Date: Sep 29, 2018 11:39 AM

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Four killed, several injured in Pune's

Shivajinagar after hoarding collapses near
railway station
India (/category/india) FP Staff (https://www.firstpost.com/author/fp-staff) Oct 05, 2018 23:40:09 IST
Comment 0 Share 10

Tweet (https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?Four killed, several injured in Pune's Shivajinagar after hoarding collapses near
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Four people were killed and several were injured after a hoarding collapsed near the
railway station in Pune's Shivajinagar on Friday, media reports said.

The 40-feet hoarding collapsed on vehicles which had stopped at Shahir Amar Shaikh
Chowk traf c light.

The hoarding was being dismantled at around 2 pm by a contractor hired by the

railways when it came crashing down, Deputy Commissioner of Police B Singh was
quoted as saying by PTI.

According to ANI, the hoarding fell on a busy road, damaging nearly eight vehicles.
Railway authorities have ordered a high-level committee probe into the incident.

Pune: A flex banner beside railway station of Shivaji Nagar

collapsed on vehicles moving on road. About 7-8 vehicles
damaged & 8-9 injured have been rushed to hospital. More
details awaited. Fire brigade and railway police at the spot.
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src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw) pic.twitter.com/f9eTJh20Rs
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10/6/2018 Aadhaar verdict: SCs majority judgment lacks consistency in logic and reasoning, turns constitutional analysis on its head

The deceased were identi ed as Shamrao Kasar (70), Shamrao Dhotre (48), Shivaji
Pardeshi (40) and Javed Khan (40).

It was another blow of cruel fate for the family of Pardeshi as his wife had passed
away on Thursday and according to a friend of the family, he along with his son,
daughter and mother were returning home in the auto rickshaw after immersing his
wife's ashes in the river when the accident occurred Pardeshi was killed while his
family members received minor injuries.

Later in the day, the railway announced a compensation of Rs 5 lakh for the people
who died and Rs 1 lakh for those seriously injured and Rs 50,000 for those injured,
ANI reported.

Pune Mirror (https://punemirror.indiatimes.com/pune/others/two-dead-four-

critically-injured-after-iron-paddle-of-hoarding-falls-in-punes-juna-bazar-
chowk/articleshow/66086106.cms) reported that the incident occurred at 1.50 pm and
the hoarding was built illegally on the railway land.

There seemed to be some negligence on the part of the contractor, the DCP told PTI,
adding a case of culpable homicide not amounting to murder was registered against
the contractor and his workers under the Indian Penal Code.

Fire brigade of cials said ve auto-rickshaws, a two-wheeler and a car were damaged
in the accident. "Since it was afternoon, there was not much traf c. Had there been
more traf c, there would have been many more casualties," a local resident said.

Pune divisional railway manager Milind Deouskar told PTI that the railways had given
a contract to an outdoor advertisement agency to put up hoardings on the railway
premises a few years ago, but as the agency did not follow safety norms, it was asked
to remove the structures.

"As the agency did not dismantle the structures, we hired a contractor to dismantle
them," Deouskar said.
1 2 3 4 5
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10/6/2018 Aadhaar verdict: SCs majority judgment lacks consistency in logic and reasoning, turns constitutional analysis on its head

Due to some blunder while removing the hoarding, it crashed on the roadside instead
of falling on the railway premises.

With inputs from agencies

Updated Date: Oct 05, 2018 23:40 PM

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Indemnity

AMU in a spot of
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Russia reiterates its 'unwavering support' for

India's permanent seat in UN Security
Council
India (/category/india) Press Trust of India (https://www.firstpost.com/author/pti) Oct 05, 2018 23:54:46 IST
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New Delhi: Russia on Friday reaf rmed its "unwavering support" to India for a
permanent seat in an expanded UN Security Council as both nations called for reform
of the powerful UN organ to better re ect the current world order and make it more
effective in dealing with emerging global challenges.

The strong backing by Russia was expressed in the joint statement issued after the
19th India-Russia summit between Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Russian
president Vladimir Putin in New Delhi.

Russia and India also underlined the importance of the full and effective
implementation of the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) on the Iranian
nuclear programme in order to support international peace and security, to
strengthen non-proliferation regime and to develop normal economic cooperation
with Iran.

The statement assumes signi cance amid US' warning to all purchasers of Iranian oil
to bring it down to zero by 4 November or face imminent sanctions from it.

The two sides called for all issues related to the Iranian nuclear programme to be
resolved peacefully and through dialogue.

1 2 3 4 5
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10/6/2018 Aadhaar verdict: SCs majority judgment lacks consistency in logic and reasoning, turns constitutional analysis on its head

Earlier this year, US president Donald

Trump had pulled the US out of a
nuclear agreement that the
administration of former President
Barack Obama had signed with Iran.

During the talks in New Delhi, Russia

Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Russian president and India also reaf rmed their
Vladimir Putin outside the Hyderabad House. PTI
commitment to their special and
privileged strategic partnership and asserted that this relationship was an important
factor for global peace and stability.

The two sides reaf rmed the need to reform the UN Security Council to better re ect
the current world order and make it more effective in dealing with emerging global
challenges, said the statement titled 'India-Russia: an Enduring Partnership in a
Changing World'.

"Russia reiterated its unwavering support to India for Permanent Membership in an

expanded UNSC. Both sides resolved to work closely to ensure peace, security and
equitable development both regionally and globally and to coordinate their efforts to
address challenges to the stability of the world order," it said.

Currently, the ve veto-wielding permanent members of the United Nations Security

Council are China, France, Russia, the UK, and the US.

Following wide-ranging talks between Modi and Putin on a host of global issues, the
two sides declared their support to Afghan government's efforts towards the
realisation of an Afghan-led, and Afghan-owned national peace reconciliation
process.

"Concerned with the unabated violence and severely undermined security situation in
Afghanistan and its adverse effect on the region, the sides resolved to work through
1 2
the Moscow Format, SCO Contact Group on Afghanistan, and all other recognised 3 4 5
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10/6/2018 Aadhaar verdict: SCs majority judgment lacks consistency in logic and reasoning, turns constitutional analysis on its head

formats for an early resolution to the long-term con ict in Afghanistan, end terrorist
violence, external safe havens and sanctuaries for terrorists and the worsening drug
problem in the country," the statement said.

Both sides called upon the international community to join efforts to thwart any
external interference in Afghanistan, to restore its economy, contribute to sustaining
peace and security, economic and political development of a stable, secure, united,
prosperous and independent Afghanistan, it said.

The two countries will direct their activity to launch joint development and capacity
building projects in Afghanistan, the statement said.

During the talks, the two sides also discussed the situation in Syria and the Korean
Peninsula.

The two leaders reaf rmed their determination to support efforts and initiatives
aimed at preserving the role of the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development,
Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on their Destruction, and
preventing the politicisation of the activities of the Organization for the Prohibition of
Chemical Weapons.

Both sides also supported the idea of the establishment of regional security
architecture, that provides equal and indivisible security to all countries in Asia and
in the regions of Paci c and Indian Oceans.

They vowed to enhance interaction and coordination of efforts in the regional

multilateral fora such as BRICS, G-20, Shanghai Cooperation Organisation, Russia-
India-China (RIC) and East Asia Summits. During the talks, India expressed its
aspiration to broaden cooperation with the Eurasian Economic Union.

Updated Date: Oct 05, 2018 23:54 PM

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10/6/2018 Aadhaar verdict: SCs majority judgment lacks consistency in logic and reasoning, turns constitutional analysis on its head

Vladimir Putin in India: 19th India-Russia summit: Vladimir Putin to visit New
Headline-grabbing S-400 Defence plans, North-South Delhi in October, meetings
deal fails to mask the corridor, nuclear ties on with Narendra Modi, Ram
hollowness that de nes agenda as leaders meet in Nath Kovind on agenda
bilateral ties backdrop of US sanctions
(https://www. rstpost.com/india/vladimir-
(https://www. rstpost.com/india/vladimir-
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Is India’s #MeToo moment here?

Women are angry and they are
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Rahul Gandhi outlines

Congress' policy roadmap
ahead of 2019 polls, says
he is con dent of grand
alliance

Sriram Raghavan lists 11 of

his favourite thrillers of all
time — from Psycho,
Shutter Island to Double
Indemnity

AMU in a spot of
controversy over Jinnah
again: Portrait of Pakistan
founder along with
Mahatma Gandhi attracts

1
criticism
2 3 4 5
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10/6/2018 Aadhaar verdict: SCs majority judgment lacks consistency in logic and reasoning, turns constitutional analysis on its head
Troubling undercurrents
undermine Cristiano
Ronaldo's iron-clad
defence against Kathryn
Mayorga's rape allegations

Pakistan Opposition leader

Shehbaz Sharif arrested by

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Bhima Koregaon case: Pune court to hear

bail pleas of Vernon Gonsalves, Sudha
Bharadwaj on 10 October
1
India (/category/india) 2 3
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Pune: Vernon Gonsalves, one of the ve activists arrested by Pune Police in August
for alleged links with Maoists, led a bail application in a court in Pune on Friday.

Sudha Bharadwaj, arrested in the same case, has already moved the court in Pune for
bail. Both pleas will be heard on 10 October, a lawyer said.

Bharadwaj, Gonsalves, poet Varavara Rao and Arun Ferreira are currently under house
arrest, while Gautam Navlakha was freed by the Delhi High Court on Monday.

Gonsalves's lawyer Rahul Deshmukh said that the sessions court in Pune scheduled
the hearing on both bail pleas for 10 October.

Police arrested the ve activists in connection with Elgar Parishad conclave held in
Pune on 31 December which allegedly triggered violence at Koregaon-Bhima next
day.

Police alleged that some of the backers of the conclave had Maoist links.

Updated Date: Oct 06, 2018 00:00 AM

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10/6/2018 Aadhaar verdict: SCs majority judgment lacks consistency in logic and reasoning, turns constitutional analysis on its head

Bhima Koregaon case: Pune
Police says govt lawyers
studying Delhi HC's order to
free Gautam Navlakha from
house arrest
(https://www. rstpost.com/india/bhima-
koregaon-case-pune-police-
says-govt-lawyers-studying-
delhi-hcs-order-to-free-
gautam-navlakha-from-
house-arrest-5298071.html)
Bhima Koregaon activists Bhima Koregaon case: Delhi
arrest: 'I have won my High Court ends Gautam
freedom and it thrills me to Navlakha's house arrest,
no end,' says Gautam quashes transit remand
Navlakha after Delhi HC's order
order
(https://www. rstpost.com/india/bhima-
(https://www. rstpost.com/india/bhima-
koregaon-case-delhi-hc-
koregaon-activists-arrest-i- ends-gautam-navlakhas-
have-won-my-freedom-and- house-arrest-quashes-
it-thrills-me-to-no-end-says- transit-remand-order-
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Assam NRC: Tarun In rural Bundelkhand,

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Gogoi drops a a Lalitpur singer's
Flood: How ill-timed part 2: Table tennis star
bombshell, says people music brings joy to
release of dam water, on her bid to be
in voter list could have people who suffer great
lack of warning led to unpredictable, what
been accommodated in hardships Periyaar laying waste keeps her motivated off
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(https://www. rstpost.com/india/in-
(https://www. rstpost.com/politics/assam-
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(https://www. rstpost.com/s
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4910961.html) 5118281.html) more-5031251.html)

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Women are angry and they are
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Rahul Gandhi outlines

Congress' policy roadmap
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he is con dent of grand
alliance

Sriram Raghavan lists 11 of

his favourite thrillers of all
time — from Psycho,
Shutter Island to Double
Indemnity

AMU in a spot of
controversy over Jinnah
again: Portrait of Pakistan
founder along with
Mahatma Gandhi attracts
criticism

Troubling undercurrents
undermine Cristiano
Ronaldo's iron-clad
defence against Kathryn
Mayorga's rape allegations

Pakistan Opposition leader

Shehbaz Sharif arrested by
anti-graft body in two

1 2 3 4 5
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Gold inches up as dollar eases after tepid

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Business (/category/business) Reuters (https://www.firstpost.com/author/reuters) Oct 06, 2018 00:05:07 IST
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10/6/2018 Aadhaar verdict: SCs majority judgment lacks consistency in logic and reasoning, turns constitutional analysis on its head

By Swati Verma

BENGALURU (Reuters) - Gold edged higher on Friday, on track for its biggest weekly
gain in six, as the dollar softened after data showed U.S. job growth slowed more
than expected last month and a slide in stock markets burnished the appeal of
bullion as a safe haven.

Spot gold was up 0.2 percent at $1,201.22 an ounce by 12:42 p.m. EDT (1642 GMT),
and was on track to rise about 0.8 percent this week, the most since the week of Aug.
24.

U.S. gold futures gained 0.3 percent at $1,205.20 an ounce.

Gold was on track for a 0.8 percent weekly gain but even with that gain it remained
down 12 percent from a peak in April largely due to strength in the dollar, which has
bene ted from a vibrant U.S. economy, rising U.S. interest rates and fears of a global
trade war.

"The gold markets are still very short, which is highly unusual. In such a situation, a
short covering rally can be expected if there's anything to stimulate the market," said
Walter Pehowich, executive vice president of investment services at Dillon Gage
Metals.

"Overall, it's just a wait-and-see attitude to see what happens in the run up to the
mid-term elections in the United States" in November.

1 2 3 4 5
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10/6/2018 Aadhaar verdict: SCs majority judgment lacks consistency in logic and reasoning, turns constitutional analysis on its head

The dollar weakened and stock markets fell after data showed U.S. nonfarm payrolls
increased by 134,000 jobs in September, the fewest in a year.

"The weaker-than-expected jobs data is supporting the overall current mood but the
numbers were not disappointing enough to trigger fresh buying," said Heraeus
precious metals trader Alexander Zumpfe.

"However, the data helped gold to establish itself above the pivotal $1,200 mark and I
wouldn't rule out a test of this week's high at $1,208."

However, the Labor Department's monthly employment report also showed a steady
rise in wages, suggesting moderate in ation pressures, which could allow the
Federal Reserve to maintain a path of gradual interest rate increases.

A weaker dollar makes the bullion less expensive for buyers using other currencies.
But rising interest rates increase the opportunity cost of holding bullion.

Gold remains "relatively cheap, so attractive to value-based investors and others

looking for a hedge" against uncertainty, said Societe Generale analyst Robin Bhar.
Gold is seen as a safe store of value for investors during times of political and
economic uncertainty.

Among other precious metals, spot silver gained 0.1 percent to $14.58, palladium
rose 1.4 percent to $1,072, while platinum inched 0.2 percent lower at $820.70 an
ounce.

(Reporting by Swati Verma, Arpan Varghese and Nallur Sethuraman in Bengaluru;

Editing by Chizu Nomiyama and David Gregorio)

This story has not been edited by Firstpost staff and is generated by auto-feed.

Updated Date: Oct 06, 2018 00:05 AM

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10/6/2018 Aadhaar verdict: SCs majority judgment lacks consistency in logic and reasoning, turns constitutional analysis on its head

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Congress' policy roadmap
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1 2 3 4 5
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10/6/2018 Aadhaar verdict: SCs majority judgment lacks consistency in logic and reasoning, turns constitutional analysis on its head
Sriram Raghavan lists 11 of
his favourite thrillers of all
time — from Psycho,
Shutter Island to Double
Indemnity

AMU in a spot of
controversy over Jinnah
again: Portrait of Pakistan
founder along with
Mahatma Gandhi attracts
criticism

Troubling undercurrents
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Ronaldo's iron-clad
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Mayorga's rape allegations

Pakistan Opposition leader

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New Zealand Women in Australia, 3 T20I

Series, 2018
AUSW Vs NZW
Australia Women beat New Zealand
Women by 9 wickets
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