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4 PHYSICS PACKAGE
Paper 2
TEST 1

INSTRUCTIONS
 Answer any five questions
 These values of physical qualities may be useful to use
 Acceleration due to gravity = 10ms-2.
 Specific heat capacity of water = 4200Jkg-1K-1.
 Specific heat capacity of copper = 400Jkg-1K-1.
 Specific latent heat of fusion of water = 340000Jkg-1.
 Speed of sound in air =320ms-1
 Velocity of electromagnetic waves =3.0X108ms-1

1. (a) State the;

i) Law of conservation of momentum. (01mk)
ii) Factors which affect linear momentum .
(01mk)
b) Explain what happens when a balloon is filled with air and then released in space
without tying its open end. (04mks)
c) Explain what happens to a passenger in a bus, when the driver brakes suddenly.

(02mks)
d) Define the following;

i) Displacement (01mk)
ii) Force
(01mk)
e) With the aid of a labeled diagram, describe an experiment to measure the centre of
gravity of an irregular lamina. (06mks)

2. (a) Define moment of a force. (01mk)

b) Describe an experiment to determine the mass of a uniform metre rule using the
principle of moments.
R1 R2
c) 50cm

A B

500N
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Figure I shows a uniform pole AB of length 300cm and weight 50N supported at the ends A
and B. A load of weight 500N is suspended at a point 50cm from A.
Calculate the reaction forces R1 and R2 at the supports. (06mks)

d) (i) Explain what is meant by unstable equilibrium. (02mks)

ii) State two ways of increasing the stability of a body. (02mks)

3. (a) (i) Define radius of curvature of a concave mirror. (01mk)

ii) An object 5cm tall is placed 20cm in front of a concave mirror of focal length 15cm.
by graphical method, determine the nature and the position of the image formed.
(Use scale 1cm to represent 5cm) (05mks)
b) (i) Distinguish between impure and pure spectrum. (02mks)
ii) Draw a well labeled diagram to show the formation of a pure spectrum. (04mks)
c) With aid of a diagram distinguish between regular and diffuse reflection. (04mks)

4. (a) (i) State the law of electrostatics. (01mk)

ii) Describe how a lightening conductor works? (07mks)
b) Lead acid accumulator of e.m.f 24v and internal resistance of 2Ω is connected to
3Ω, 4Ω, 2Ω and 6Ω resistors as shown in the figure 2.

6Ω
4Ω 2Ω

3Ω
24v
2Ω
Calculate;
i) The current through the 3 Ω resistor. (02mks)
ii) The total power expended.
(2mks)
c) State two defects of a simple cell. (02mks)

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5. (a) Define velocity ratio and efficiency applied to machines. (02mks)
b) (i) Draw a diagram of a single string pulley system with velocity ration 6. (02mks)
ii) Calculate the efficiency of the pulley system in b) (i) above if an effort of 1000N is
required to raise a load of 4500N. (04mks)
iii) Find the energy wasted when a load of 1500N is lifted through a distance of 2m
by the pulley system in b) (i) above. (04mks)

c) (i) What is meant by a Newton? (01mk)

ii) A wheel and axle system is used to raise a log of mass 90kg using an effort of 300N.
if the wheel and axle radii are 40cm and 10cm respectively, calculate the efficiency of
the system. (03mks)

6. (a) What is meant by uniform acceleration? (01mk)

b) A body of mass 60kg starts moving with an initial velocity of 15m/s and accelerates
uniformly at a rate of 4m/s2 for 5 seconds. Then maintains a constant velocity for
another 5 seconds and comes to rest after 7 seconds.

i) Draw a velocity time graph for the motion. (04mks)

ii) Calculate the momentum of the body during the eight second.
(03mks)
iii) Calculate the retarding force. (03mks)
c) Two forces of 18N and 6N act on an object in opposite directions. Calculate the;
i) Resultant force (02mks)
ii) Acceleration of the object.
(03mks)

7. (a) Give the difference between transverse and longitudinal waves. (02mks)
b) (i) Describe a simple echo method of determining the speed of sound in air.
(05mks)
c) Explain why echoes are not heard in small rooms. (02mks)
c) A vibrator of frequency 50 Hz produces circular waves in a ripple tank. If the distance
between any two consecutive crests is 4.5 cm, find the speed of the waves.

(03mks)
d) Give two examples which show that waves carry energy. (02mks)

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8. (a) (i) What is a magnetic field? (01mk)
ii) State the law of magnetism; (01mk)
iii) Draw a diagram of the magnetic field pattern between the north poles of two bar magnets
placed near each other. (02mks)

b) (i) Describe a single touch method for magnetizing a piece of steel. (04mks)
ii) Explain why the strength of a magnet cannot be increased beyond a certain limit.
(03mks)
iii) State, with a reason, the material you would consider most suitable for a permanent magnet.

(02mks)

c) (i) Define the term “electromotive force” and state its unit. (1 mk)

ii) Explain the specification on an electric kettle “240V, 1000W”. (2 mks)

END

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 TEST 2

INSTRUCTIONS
 Answer any five questions
 These values of physical qualities may be useful to use
 Acceleration due to gravity = 10ms-2.
 Specific heat capacity of water = 4200Jkg-1K-1.
 Specific heat capacity of copper = 400Jkg-1K-1.
 Specific latent heat of fusion of water = 340000Jkg-1.
 Speed of sound in air =320ms-1
 Velocity of electromagnetic waves =3.0X108ms-1

9. (a) State the;

iii) Law of conservation of momentum. (01mk)
iv) Factors which affect linear momentum .
(01mk)
b) Explain what happens when a balloon is filled with air and then released in space
without tying its open end. (04mks)
c) Explain what happens to a passenger in a bus, when the driver brakes suddenly.

(02mks)
d) Define the following;

iii) Displacement (01mk)

iv) Force
(01mk)
e) With the aid of a labeled diagram, describe an experiment to measure the centre of
gravity of an irregular lamina. (06mks)

10. (a) Define moment of a force. (01mk)

b) Describe an experiment to determine the mass of a uniform metre rule using the
principle of moments.

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 c)

R1 R2

50cm

A B

500N

Figure I shows a uniform pole AB of length 300cm and weight 50N supported at the ends A
and B. A load of weight 500N is suspended at a point 50cm from A.
Calculate the reaction forces R1 and R2 at the supports. (06mks)

d) (i) Explain what is meant by unstable equilibrium. (02mks)

ii) State two ways of increasing the stability of a body. (02mks)

11. (a) Define;

i) Thermal conduction
(01mk)
ii) Insulator (01mk)
b) Describe an experiment to show that water is a bad conductor of heat. (05mks)
c) The pressure of a given mass of a gas at constant volume and at a temperature of
117oC is 310mmHg. Calculate the pressure if the temperature drops to 17 oC.

(03mks)
d) (i) state kinetic theory (01mk)
ii) Using kinetic theory explain how evaporation causes cooling. (03mks)
e) Give two differences between boiling and evaporation. (02mks)

12. (a) (i) Define radius of curvature of a concave mirror. (01mk)

ii) An object 5cm tall is placed 20cm in front of a concave mirror of focal length 15cm.
by graphical method, determine the nature and the position of the image formed.
(Use scale 1cm to represent 5cm) (05mks)
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 b) (i) Distinguish between impure and pure spectrum. (02mks)
ii) Draw a well labeled diagram to show the formation of a pure spectrum. (04mks)
c) With aid of a diagram distinguish between regular and diffuse reflection. (04mks)

13. (a) (i) State the law of electrostatics. (01mk)

ii) Describe how a lightening conductor works? (07mks)
b) Lead acid accumulator of e.m.f 24v and internal resistance of 2Ω is connected to
3Ω, 4Ω, 2Ω and 6Ω resistors as shown in the figure 2.

6Ω

4Ω 2Ω

3Ω
24v

2Ω
Calculate;
iv) The current through the 3 Ω resistor. (02mks)
v) The total power expended.
(2mks)
c) State two defects of a simple cell. (02mks)

14. (a) Define velocity ratio and efficiency applied to machines. (02mks)
b) (i) Draw a diagram of a single string pulley system with velocity ration 6. (02mks)
ii) Calculate the efficiency of the pulley system in b) (i) above if an effort of 1000N is
required to raise a load of 4500N. (04mks)
vi) Find the energy wasted when a load of 1500N is lifted through a distance of 2m
by the pulley system in b) (i) above. (04mks)

c) (i) What is meant by a Newton? (01mk)

ii) A wheel and axle system is used to raise a log of mass 90kg using an effort of 300N.
if the wheel and axle radii are 40cm and 10cm respectively, calculate the efficiency of
the system. (03mks)

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15. (a) List any two differences between x –rays and gamma rays. (02mks)
b) With the aid of a labeled diagram describe how x –rays are produced. (07mks)
c) What are the differences between hard and soft x –rays? (02mks)
d) Define the following;
i) Atomic number. (01mk)
ii) Isotope (01mk)
e) Outline three uses of radioactivity. (03mks)

16. (a) What is meant by uniform acceleration? (01mk)

b) A body of mass 60kg starts moving with an initial velocity of 15m/s and accelerates
uniformly at a rate of 4m/s2 for 5 seconds. Then maintains a constant velocity for
another 5 seconds and comes to rest after 7 seconds.

iv) Draw a velocity time graph for the motion. (04mks)

v) Calculate the momentum of the body during the eight second.
(03mks)
vi) Calculate the retarding force. (03mks)
c) Two forces of 18N and 6N act on an object in opposite directions. Calculate the;
iii) Resultant force (02mks)
iv) Acceleration of the object.
(03mks)

END

TEST 3
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INSTRUCTIONS:
 Attempt any FIVE questions
 Mathematical tables, slide rules and silent non – programmable calculators may be used.
 These values of physical quantities may be useful to you.
- Acceleration due to gravity = 10 ms-2.
- Specific heat capacity of water = 4200 JKg-1K-1
- Specific heat capacity of copper = 400 JKg-1K-1
- Speed of sound in air =320 ms-1.
- Velocity of electromagnetic waves = 3 x 108ms-1

1. (a) (i) What is meant by acceleration? (01mk)

ii) State Newton’s laws of motion. (03mks)
iii) Explain what happens to a person seated in a vehicle when it is suddenly brought to rest.
(02mks)
b) A vehicle started from rest and is accelerated uniformly to 80 ms -1 in 20 second, it then
maintains its velocity for 20 seconds, after which it is brought to rest in another 20 seconds.
i) Sketch a velocity -time graph to show the motion of the vehicle. (03mks)
ii) Find the total distance the vehicle moved. (04mks)
iii) Calculate the retardation of the vehicle. (03mks)

2. (a) What is meant by pressure? (01mk)

b) (i) Explain why a person feels more pain when pricked with a needle than when pricked with
a nail. (05mks)

ii) State the assumption made. (01mk)

c) With the aid of a diagram explain how pressure in liquids varies with depth. (06mks)
d) Calculate the pressure exerted on the ground by a box of mass 10 kg when corresponding
area of contact is 2m2. (03mks)

3. (a) Define the following terms as applied to waves;

i) Amplitude (01mk)
ii) Frequency (01mk)
b) (i) What is meant by interference of waves? (02mks)
ii) Using a labeled diagram, show how circular water waves are reflected from a straight
barrier. (03mks)
c) (i) Use a labeled diagram to show the bands of an electromagnetic spectrum. (03mks)
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 ii) Calculate the frequency of a radiowave of wave length 2m. (03mks)
d) With the aid of a diagram, show the dispersion of plane waves after passing through;
i) a narrow opening (1 ½ mks)
ii) a wide opening. (1 ½ mks)

4. (a) (i) What is meant by refraction of light? (01mk)

ii) State the laws of refraction of light. (02mks)
b) When does total internal reflection occur? (02mks)
c) With the aid of a labeled diagram, describe a simple experiment to determine the focal length
of a converging lens. (05mks)
d) An object of height 4 cm is placed perpendicular on the principle axis at a distance of 45 cm
from a converging lens of focal length of 15 cm.
By graphical construction determine;
i) the position of the image. (03mks)
ii) the magnification. (02mks)

c) Give one use of converging lenses. (01mk0

5. (a) State the law of electrostatics. (01mk)

b) Draw a labeled diagram of a gold leaf electroscope. (04mks)
c) Explain how an insulator gets charged by rubbing. (03mks)
d) Sketch the electric field pattern between a positively charged point and a negatively charged
metal plate. (02mks)
e) Describe how a lightening conductor safeguards a tall building from being struck by
lightning. (06mks)

6. (a) What is meant by conduction? (01mk)

b) Draw a labeled diagram of a thermos flask and explain how it is able to keep a liquid hot for a
long time. (05mks)

c) With the help of a diagram, describe how you would determine the lower fixed point of an un
calibrated thermometer. (04mks)

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 d) (i) what is meant by fundamental interval? (01mks)
ii) The length of the mercury thread above the lower fixed point at an uncalibrated
thermometer is 18 cm. If the lengths of the mercury thread are 9 cm and 45 cm at the ice and
steam points respectively. Calculate the value of the unknown temperature. (05mks)

7. (a) Define density and state its S.I unit. (02mks)

b) With the aid of a labeled diagram, describe the motion of a ball bearing which is dropped
centrally into a tall jar containing oil. (04mks)

c) (i) State Archimedes’ principle. (01mk)

ii) An object weighs 30 N in air and 20 N when immersed in water of density 1000 Kgm -3.
If the same object weighs 22 N when immersed in methylated spirit, what is the density of the
spirit? (05mks)

d) Explain why a ship is able to float on water inspite of being made of metal. (04mks)

END

WATCH YOUR STEPS ALWAYS, KEEP SAFE

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