THE VOLUNTEER FOB IJBERTY
THE GOVERNMENT TAKES ACTION
As one of the measures taken
to prevent a repetition of the roo-
ElIIt dlBgracetul events in Catalo-
nia., the Government on June 4th
dlsolved the PatruUas de Control
(The Control Patrols). Some ex-
planation of this may be useful.
After the July days street vigi-
lance and the control of communi-
cations were nooeasari-ly In the
hands of the Popular Front orga-
nizations. While ettootive. there
was naturally little organization
of the work. with the result that
far too much man and rifle power
was ueed. Barcelona. long after aU
danger had paSBed. appeared ftll!
LVI! COMPANYS. Preal ...... of tho
O ... enJltat of Catalo .. la. a .tau..ch
0"
frlo ..d tho Popul .... Fro.. t.
of an armed poulatlon. Ritles ne-
vertheless w ere lacktng at thc
frorrt! FinaUy. in order to regula-
rize this work, in October the Ge-
nerality created the Pllltrullas in
which were rcpreseJltatives of all
parties On the whole this was a
distinct improvement.
Unfortunately. many elements
were admitted w.ho bore no loyalty
to the Popular Front Government ;
Trotskyites. Incontrollables. and
other disrupters. The result was
that there were grave abuses In
certain districts. As a result of
theee and of the dimln1.8hed utility
of the Patrols masses of people
began to demand their suppres-
sion. Borne of these patrols even
played an active part in the fase-
!~t and counter-revolutionary ris-
Ing of May 6.
IN CATALONIA
THE PARTIES REACT
AGAINST PATROLS
On May 115. therefore. the Ple-
num of the United Socialist Party
demanded their suppression. Pre-
vloUBly. that party's delegates had
been withdrawn; the U . G. T . had
already done the same. Then the
Esquerra (Catalan Left Republi-
can Party) ordered its representa-
tives to withdraw booause on the
morning of the rising "the patrols
received orders frankly hosWe ,t o
the Governmen". (Who gave these
orders? ~
Meanwhile the spoolal judge ap-
pomted to enquire Into the events
of May 6 had been compelled to
dlsolve Individual patrols. For ins-
tance. on the 23rd of May the Jun-
quera Patrol on the French border
was abolished. In this region some
of the Patrols were working In
conjunction: with terrorist bands.
118 at Orriol where the same judge
arrested 4 men who had taken
part in the murder of 17 Innocent
people. mostly peasants who had
objected to such things as forced
collectivization. This ba..'ld had te-
rrorized a whole region. the villa-
ges of Orrlol, VUabur. Calabuig
and BA!cara. At P. house called
Hostal de Dalt (The Upper Inn)
a large "tore of modern arms was
discovered.
VICENTE UamE and ALVAREZ DEL V,4.YO. two .tronlf cuu.rantee. of
progress and demo('.racy In the New Government .
At Pulgcerda th .s judge a.IBo
unearthed a whf.le a.rse~ of
21 rifles of unsl,ecitled type. 79
Remlngtons, 2€ idausers. 20 MUsk-
ets. 26 Wi,.. _nesters. 49 Carbines.
384 Sh('~-guns. 126 hand grenades.
11 be>'.es of rItIe ammunition. 74
case" of dynaml-te, 4.000 percUB-
shn Clilps. a case of machine gun
i.Jelts. two sub-machine guns and
a mortar, The types indicate that
this material had been stolen from
the Aragon Front which the Trot-
skyites say has been starved of
arms by the Valencia Government
acting on the orders of Moscow! '
THE LAST STRAW
Then. during the Govem.inent·s
search for arms in Barcelona the
provoca.tlve role ot the patrol WII8
put beyond doubt. Assault guards.
while searching a house for Illegal
arms. were shot at by memberB
of a patrol: The National Guard
who protested at an illega.! house
search by a patrol was murdered.
Other crimes finally diBgUSted
even their last supporters. WIth
the people hating the incontrolla-
bles of the "control". with res-
ponsible organizations like the
U. G. T.. the Esquerra. and the
tTJ':l1 ted Soclalt.st Party denounc-
Ing them. the Government dlsolv-
cd the counter-revol~tlona.ry units
on June 4th.
ANTONIO SElJa. G ...eraa Sec ......".
0'tho U. O. 'I. of CaWo..... _ _
....... .7 ,....fuel.. 010_".
AcconliDc to news from rebel
SpaIn. June 'I. wu to be Ute day
that a Govemment pl'fllllded by
Geueral Mcila was to .. 1netItli-
ted. TIaIe ,ovemment \~ to lie
formed UDder the oatil or Gene....
Franco. chief of Ns.Uonallsts,.ID.
without waiting for tbe filii of
BIlbao.
The ex-Cou.llt De Bodezno, fer-
mer leader of tho C....Dl!t Par\7.
wu to have UIe Portlello of ~
mlnIatrator at Jl'orelp Aftaln.
The acoompll.8hment of this
8daeme WIle prevent« by Uae
''WIfortunate'' death of the "be-
loved" General MoIa, aDd now It
appears that In ~ew of ladl,IWI'
pl'fl8MUe by foreign countries to-
ward the lateet fascist atrooltlee
the fo~tlon of tltls Illegal ca-
binet will not take place. at Jeut
not at Ws time. n.e ne"", chief
of the fuelat at But," .. Ge-
neral Jordana, a fa!ICI1It poDt:clan.
bed-mate at IDtier aad MuuoUni.
COLLECTS OOMMISSION
FroiD reDabie lIOurcel It II leu--
ned tbat tile rlcb banker. 1 _
Marcb. arrived at Gibraltar a lew
days ago after bavln, railed
800.000.000 francs for Franro
abrOad. Collecting tn-3t bl, C3m-
ml88loo. be tunted the ba!ance
over to bill stoop. Franco.
4 TIlE VOLUNTEER FOR LIBERTY
THE ANTI-FASCIST
. FIGHT ON THE WHEAT FIELDS
The Spanish field workers and
~8Jlantry are on the eve of the
climax of the agricultural year,
the reaping, threshing and win-
nowing 01 the wheat cropll. Upon
the successful carrying out of this
work, undertaken at the end of
June and throughout July, not
only the prosperity of the field
workers depends but the welfare
of the anti-fascist army and the
future of Spain.
Before describing the me8.8ures
taken: by the Popular rFont Go-
vernment to assist this work it
may be interesting to know how
harvesting is done in Spain. Natu-
rally there are many grades of
technique in U!le from the most
modem to the most primitive. As
a general rule the methods will
be quite different from those used
In the States or In Great Brltaln.
To begin: with reaping. LR.rge
collectives and cooperatives will
Summer work on wheat fleldH , no longer under 'the
po&Sess reaping and blilding ma-
chinery, mostly imported from
abroad, but a very large part of
this work will be done by sickle
and scythes. The comrades of the
transport sevice may see the scy-
the and cradle in use; with this
tool a deft movement of the wriBt
leaves the wheat in a Deat pile
ready to be gathered into sheaves.
THE THRESHING FLOOR
SURVIVES
It is in the threshing that the
greatest difference is -to be seen'.
To begin with the most primitive
tool, the flail . All comrades will
know what this is, in prlncipie
two sUcks ot wood with a flexible
Joint of le&ther or chain with
which the wheat is beaten. This
however is not much in use in
Spain. Almost as primitive Is the
"trillo", the oldest from of which
is still widely in use, particularly
BEHIND THE LINES
la~h of the landlords and tor their prqfJt.
in the greM mountain chains which
are the feature of the Spanish
la.ndscape. The trillo Is a kind of
sledge on the underside of which,
Instead of nmners, are'rows of
sharp flints embedded in the
wood. (The artist has had a shot
M dra.wing a trillo and a scythe
a.nd cradle.) More modem exam-
pIes have blades of meta.!, whUe
trillos. of industrial manufacture
are fairly CODllDOD. These are in
principle the same but have ranks
of sharp edge IIteel discs or wheels
instead of fllnts or blades. Thresh-
ing machinery elso exists.
THE MEANING OF A PHRASE
The manner of using the trillo
is simple. Whe8lt is thrown on to
the era. or threshing floor and the A "trtIIo' and cradle 8cJ'the.
trillo is drawn round and round
by a.n ox, horse or a mule (or
mixture ot chaff and grain. The
yokes of them) thus cutting up
biblical phrase "Thou shalt Dot
the whole ,s ta.!k and head into a
muzzle the ox that treadeth the
"com" refsl'8 to jU8t this opera-
tion. It is posstb1e that comrades
will already have noticed the
"eras" or threshing floors. They
look like small dancing floors aDd
in fact du:ring village feasts 8.T'l
often used for this pUl'pose. Usua-
lly circular, they may have a
floor of beaten earth or Of brick
paving or tine cobbles and very
often are surrounded by a low
wall, to prevent the wind blowing
directly onto the floor and about
the right height for taking a
bre8lther.
During the operation of thresh-
ing the long stalks are raked nut
by women or children a.nd from
time to time the short chaff and
grain are swept aside. This mixtu-
re is then flung into the alr for
the wind to separa.te, this opera-
tion being usually done by women'.
Motor-driven winnowing plant was
gradually coming in, but W8.8
usually too expensive for the pea-
santry.
It is to thls back-ground then,
that the effort of the government
and the Popular Front Parties
must be related.
 TIlE VOLUNTEER FOR LIBERTY 5

TIlE OOMMUNIST PARTY tural authorities in purcha..~ing re- tion and the army will be gua-
MAKES A CALL
giODBand presented for indorse- ranteed their bread without which
On the 8th of June the Natio- ment to authorities in selling re- the Spanish people cannot defeat
nal Agrarian Commi88ion of the , gioos. Applications from Ha&- the fascist invaders. All .QUCCeB3

Oommunillt Party iBsued a stir- que and Catalan areas muat be t o the Minister of Agriculture !
ring appeal to the Popular Front made direct to the Minister of
~, from which we take the Agriculture. No wheat may be
following: "Comrades, we are un moved without permit.
the eve oL the gaUlE-ring at the Article 5 . Permits will be gran- NOT E
wheat harvest. In conjunction ted to municipal supply commit-
The printer of last week'.
with th~'l there goe; a whale se- tees and official organisms. All
edition robbed 5.400 of the
ries of cancrete measures to assu- other bodies requiring special con- meals_ In the article "The
re tbe people. bread. The pre- CessiOIlB must apply to the Mi- Development of the Peo-
paration of the machinery, clean- nister. ple's Army", subchapter
Ing of the grain stores, the creat- Articl£: 6. Neither provincial "The beginnings of a Cen·
tral Intendencla" we inten-
ing of shock brigades to work all nor municipal councils shall pla-
ded to say that t.he V iIIet'&8
nec~sary hours in competition, the c~ taxes on wheat. Regulation
T7p1ca1 CaeWJan peaaant.
unit of the Communist Par-
opening of tffncheB or plowed of wheat comme rce is entirely in t~· supplied 6./lUO meals a

areas to preveClt spreading of fi- the hands of the Minister. day not ROO. We ask rea-
res aD the larger sown expanse.!!, Article 7. All other l'egnlation Mr" to .. x cnse spelling rnIs
to elaborate plans to guarantee takes as the Spanish com-
and this in order to foil the in- are annulled. The present law
the gathering in of the wheat rades who set lip the "Vo-
cendiary activities of the enemy shall be presented to CorleB (Par- lunteer" find the English I
crop. In all important towns
avie.tion; the helping of towns by liament or Congress) . language more troublesome
Assistance Brigades muat be for-
other towns, etc., in order that not The Minister CYf Agri ··ulture re- than the ,...&duo;; fInd th.'
med to go into the countryside ... " Spanish,
a single grain remain uDgllthered cently declared that it WIIB n.eces-
In Madrid these shock brigades
IlAry, in order to encnurage pro-
have already begun to be organi-
duction, to guarantee to the gro-
zed. Groups of mechanics in pa r_
wers that they shou! I not be des-
ticular are being collected to tend
poiled by "incontrollabil's", and
the agricultural machinery. To
bring all these operations into an
that a fair price should be given JEAN HARlOWE DIES
orderly plan, to insure the PM-
for produce. In this decree w e IN HOllYWOOD
see that he has kept his word . Jean Harlone, ",,,II knowlI mOl-
sants and field workers receiving
No more chaoR in agri culture! N o lion pic ture lOI·tres~, flied III HolI,'-
justice and a fair price. as ,,'('11
more so called "socializatiun" wood a few days a!i:0.
aa to conserve the grain in the
a.gainst the will of the peasants : Although ght, wa·.~ often ,'·"111,
Il108t efficient way, the Minister
In thIs way the civilian popllla · JM'lled to act In In,.lpld or cvt'n
of Agriculture h8.'l lsI!ued a decr .. e
signed by PresidEOnt AzaI\a and rO!actlonnary r6't'''', she ~hvaYIi
dated June the 7th. Summarized HU('(oe<.cled In n.l\('villg the boredom
it is as follows: or vileness of tht' 1,1.,1 by ~1I'lerl)

Article 1. The Minister is aut- "ding..Jean Harlow., WM. Oll(,· ot

horized to take over wheat crops th>lt little I)LUwh 0' ...:t(ll'll, .... hu
on a basis of payment. The pro- for years wo:ked tl>wlI.rd" !he
portion necessary for seed wlJl be lInionl7.ation of the motion picture
reserved. as also that required for Indu"iry. Bt-f".... her - death IIh..
the collective or individual con- ~aw t.hfl crail urglUllzed, an~ In
sumption of the owners of 'the
mllitaut ..eUon.
crop .
.4. peaaant-eoldJer. a com mOD .'«ht
D.ow. Article 2. Enacts that the local
8uthori ties shall fUrnish lists of
RELGll lM (j()\' l, Rl\M)'~ST (;I-
crops and storage places and other
\'ES
and that not a aingle arm remain necessary information to the agri-
idle in the rear-guard. DurIng- cultuml authority of the region. The V~n 1''''''I.... tI Un ,",' rnme 11 t
this campalgn in every t:>Wll or Article 3. Chiefs ot agricultu- of Belgium ba.s ju~t ("HltriiJntA'd
ral departmenUl will exercise ins- 250,(J()() francs to Ih,' Interna.tio -
village throughout loyal Spaln,
n'l.l C~mlmltte" of the Crill RoJ"
the MuntcJpal Councils, the Agra- pection in order that Article 2
(or the aJd of Loyal Sll!tin. In tit"
rian Commdttel'.8, Administration Jhall be observed.
PB8t. w<'6k more than 1110 maSH
Co m mt t te e 8 , Field Workcra Article 4. All operations in meetingll wer'- held to (''''pres" the
Unlona, Collectives and Peaaants wheat shall h e authorized by per· snlldarity of the B<' lgium workf'r~
The editur does thh, 80metimes for
CooperaUve. muet get together m its tal:en {Jut from the agricu l- awank. for the SpIU'J8b p'·ojlle.

THE POLICY OF BRITISH IMPERIALISM
WHAT IS IT DOING AT HOME?
The outstanding, mountainous
fut Is that the British Govern-
ment Is conductlug a terrltlc re-
armament. In the OOUr8e of the
next (; yeai'll It proposes to spend
at leaat 10.500 million pounds 01·
42.000 million dollars! It will
spend 88 million pounds In 1937 on
the An- Force alone, while 148
warsblJlll are at present In cons-
truction, 5 of them giant battle-
ships and 20 the most modern
type of cruiser. BrItish industry
Is thua being converted in a start-
ling m.&mler a war baBia, with a
cOlUlefluent beem in engineering
stocks.
AGAINST WHOM IS THE BRI-
TISH GOVERNMENT ARMING?
It Is the British Empire which
the Government seeks to defend,
naturally, and principally what
may be called the Great Line to
the Far East; that line of exploi-
tation which leads through the
Mediterraean Colonies and areas
of Influence, Palestine, Arabia,
Egypt and the Sudan, and on-
ward Past Kenya to the center
point of India, thence to East In-
dics, Borneo, New Guinea, the
British interests in Malaya and
finally Singtllpore and Hong-Kong
and the huge capital investments
in Southern and Central China.
The three danger points are
obvioualy the Far East, the Medi-
terranean, and the English Chan-
nel. The first no doubt has hitherto
been the moet likely spot for an
outbreak of war, the English
Channel has certainly been the
most vital strategically. It beco-
mes more vital to control it now
that the war peril has so drama-
tic'J.lIy shifted to Europe. The
question, therefore, is who might
gain control of the Channel and
the Mediterranean and how can
that be avoided, according to the
British Government, until such
time as its reannament is comple-
ted?
BRITISH FOREIGN POLICY IN
POST WAR PERIOD
A brief analysis of this will
help Wl to answer the question
against whom III Britain arming.
It would have seemed most rea-
sonable for Great Britain to have
TIlE VOLUNTEER FOR LIBERTY
firmly supported a gen('ral policy
of IntemaUODal Disarm.unent and
collective 8/lcurlty (but without a
great army e.nd navy, how could
India e.nd the Eastern poeee.ssions
be forced to remain in the Em-
pire?) This the British Govern-
ment has not done. It has done
the contrary. Failing to strenghten
the League of Nation.s and failing
LlTVINOF
Champion of a reKencrnted and effective l.ea.I'U6 of Nation •. }'eared by
littler and Mu •• ollnl .
elsewhere to pursue peace poli-
cies. In 1931. for instance, the
Uni~d States Government twice
vainly approached the British Go-
vernment to get It to lMue a joint
protest agaln.st Japaneae aggres-
sion in Manchuria. The Brltlah
Government preferred to shift the
Far Eastern war danger north-
wards, away from Hong-Kong, and
TOWARDS THE U. S. S. R.
BORDER.
Yet another paradox present it-
self, the fact that the British Go-
vernment and the British fine.n-
clal oligarchy haa aided German
reannament and has . pursued IJ.
policy toward the Hitler Govern-
ment which has undoubtedly in-
creased its arrogance. Not only
did Hitler tlnd financial help in
the city, but the mae~r trust Im-
p~rial Chemical Indwitry haa sup:
plied Germany with the vital war
neceSl!lty nickel. Why has the
British Government taken thiR
line?
THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT·S
FEAR OF COMMUNISM
Here lies the key to the con-
fusion and contradiction In thc
foreign poKcy of thereacUonary
British bourgolsle. Whatsoever
problem emerges in the world it
Is Communism which Is at the
bottom of It. If the masses of In-
dia demand their liberty, It Is
Communism. If there Is trouble In
the Far East, then the Commun-
ists are about to drench ChIna In
h~ocd. The French Popular Front
Government is Communist, the
Span.lsh Government, above all
when It defends Itself, is yet
another mask for the Communist
rerll. And above all, seeing and
hating the tremendous successes
of the Soviet Union, the British
Government turns towe.rd Hitler
~.s a dam to the Red Flood.
And yet there can be no doubt
::hat it was primarily the fear of
German rearmament which promp-
ted the British Government to its
present colossal arms drive. Es-
pecially when Hitler and Goering
demand the restoration of former
German Colonies and begin to en-
tertain speculations such as "if
we had only a tiny fraction of the
British Empire." But there wa.s
another outlet for German Impe-
rialism, mentioned by Hitler ut the
Nurenburg Congr~.!:s of the ~azi
Party. The Ukraine.
And that provides the solution.
"Why not remove the peril of
Communism and the danger of
German Imperialism by encourag-
Ing Hitler to attack the U.S.S.R.!"
This was the brilliant Idea which
the British bourgolsle conceind.
Meanwhile, playing always for .ti-
me, the British Government piles
up a crushing mountain of arm7t-
ment (crllBhlng to thOlle wbo will
bave to provide Ltc protlt.'1 and
the Interests). The armaments n:a:r
be necesaary. If (krmany attacks
the U. S. S. R. auo.! 13 Oeatcn? ...
Or If In the last nlIJOrt the Briti.ah
Government decides to go to the
aid of Hitler agaln.st the Moscow
terror? ... Or If Hitler stril(e3 at
a spread-eagled and shaky Empl·
re? In any case 10.500 million
pounds Invested and yielding pro.
fits will provide some comfort.
Therfore, for the present play for
time. Even if Spain be martyrized
because of a sightlees and blunde-
ring' policy which actually bring"
WRr nearer by strenghtenlng fas-
cism.
IS THERE ALTERNATIVE
POLICY?
Perhaps It was not simple cOJl-
fusion that prompted the BrItish
Goverrunent's Non - Intervention
policy. Aware of the canker at
the heart of British Capltal1Bm,
 THE VOLUNTEER FOR LIBERTY
North coast of Mallorca. Ita.llan. hope to fortify thiA and niake a nf>W
Gibraltar.
confronted with "dissension" in the Spanish Government its rights
the Empire the British Governe- under the Covenant of the Leagu<
ment began to look longingly of Nations there would have beel
at the apparent fascist solution no world, war, and collective :.~­
and to think that remocra~y curity would have received a
was dangerous. Democracy began mighty access of strength. Hitler
to look like Communism; espe- and Mu.ssolini would not h·4ve
cially Spanish democracy. The pitted themselves against a le&O-
Spanish Popular Front Govern- lute world. There was another
ment of February 1936, liberal in line, the line of the Soviet Union
program, and without a Bingle So- and Popular Front. The way of
cialist or Communist among its democracy and peace.
ministe1'8 was yet another danger. .t is from this stand point that
Fearing a European war would we must view the recent appeal
break out before it was armed to of the Spanish, SociaUst and Com-
the teeth, yet fearing the Popular munist Party and the U. G. T.
Front democracies as well, the To their respective Internationals
British Government adopted 1ts demanding unity of action in
present confused and disgraceful defence of Spanish democracy. It
llDe tbwards Spain. A line which is not too late! If the world pro-
brings Its own nemesi.B in the letariat, and with it the progres-
strengthening of German and Ita- sive middle CIIlS8eB, begin a sweep-
Han Imperiallsms. ing drive for a change of pol·icy,
Yet h&d the We.\Itern Democra- above all if the Labor Party, and
01ee taken a firm line and given the English Trade Unions begin
such a campaign the British Go-
vernment may yet be forced to
abide by the Covenant of the Lea-
gue of Nations and come to the
aid of Spain. The British Govern-
ment might even be driven out 'f
offiee. What will the Second In-
ternational and the I. F. T. U. do?
One thing is certain the Spanish
people will fight on, and with them
the true democrats of the Inter-
national Brigades until the fas-
cist invader is defeated. On Span-
ish soil the freedom of the world
is being defended.
What do the Second Inter-
national and the I. f. T. U.
mean?
To the demands of Spanish dem-
ocrats foJ.' united action among
the three great Internationals De
.......... TIM f ...tmarb of fuel ....
THE INDUSTRIAL MOVEMENT
IN BRITAIN
The advancing movement of the
Industrial wor\<e1'8 in Britain has
suffered a severe blow as a result
of the settlement in the London
Busrnens strike and the proposed
Minera General strike.
In both instances the workers
have failed to achieve their full
demands, but in the case of the
He.worth miners they have gained
recognition of the M. F. G. B. and
by the fus'on with the Spencer
Unioo tr" miners as whole are
in a Elt. onger pQSltlon to exercise
cont 01 over the Spencer officials.
l'he fight of the Raworth mi-
T.era was weakened due to the
sectional character of the Miners
Federation of Gt. Britain, the Fe-
deration being composed of DIs-
trict unions, one of which was the
Nottlngham.!lhlre Miners Union.
The strike has shown the serious
need for a single Union with cen-
tral policy.
The Busmens strike was ham-
pered at the outset by the refu.sal
of the E. C. of the Tra:nsport and
General Workers Union, to allow
the Tramwayrnen to come out
alongside the Busmen.
The decision of the E. C. in or-
dering the men back to work on
the vague po88lbHities of a Be-
ven and a half hour day, has
created great anger and diappolnt-
ment among the men.
Despite these experiences the
wave of unrest is rising. The Rail-
Br6uckere of the Second Intern-
ationaJ has replied that the Pres-
ident and Secretary have not the
neeessary powers to adhere to the
Committee of United Action pro-
posed by Dimitroff.
It is the U. G. T. organ "Cla-
ridad", in its number of the 10th
of June, which makes the foilow-
ing bitter comment. "The I.F.T.U.
and the Serond International are
boycotting all organic anrt effic-
ient action on the part of the In-
ternational proletariat in favor of
Republican Spain."
But this must not be allowed
to continue, the call must go out
again, from the Spanish mass or-
ganiz&tions, from Comrade Dimi-
troff, from every sineere demo-
crat In the three Internationals.
The Second International must
change its policy. The peace of
the world demands it. The mas-
ses demand it.
7
way Companies have rejected the
men's demands for increased wa-
ges and Improved conditions. The-
re is a very strong feling among
the Railmen that the demands
should be taken to the National
Tribunal and if refused that strong
action ahoula be taken.
The Association of Postmasters,
the National Union of Clerks, the
International Textile Workers and
the Co-operativo Womens confe-
rence have all gone on record for
the 40 hour week.
The Silversmiths hawe won all
round wa~ increases whilst the
engineers, dockers, aircraft wor-
ke-. insurance officers and engI-
neeI'lll In the chemical Industry are
all advancing wage claims.
The movement shows every sign
of develo&ling and has a real ba-
sis In the cost of living which has
risen slnde 1933 by 2s 4d. in the
pound ai'ld the terrific speed up
in Indostries, which has been In-
tensified in connection W1Ith the
_Uoaal government's rearma-
ment programme.
.~lI~'rr .\Il'S';OLlXI 1M ItbMolll'rly
Rhamel" ...
YUGOSLAV STUDENT
PROTEST
Hundreds og Yugoslak stu-
dent8 demonstrated recently befo-
re a Belgrade hotel occupied by
the German Government official
schemer, Von Neurath, protesting
and Moutlng "Down with fas-
cism" and "Down with Hltlerl8m".
The police dlspersOO the demons_
trator8 and arreBted a number of
tbem•
 THE VOLUNTEER FOR LIBERTY

CONGRESS OF THE B~ITISH BRITISH ARMY

AND PALESTINE
RESERVISTS RICH DODGE TAXES

COMMUNIST PARTY
The Fourteenth Congress of the
Cc mmunist Party of Gt. Britain,
which was h eld recently. was one
of the most important ever held
in the history of the British work-
ing class movement. Five hun-
dred d('legates attended along
with many visitors from other
w crking class organisations.
The Congress was remarkabk
from the outset by its high note
of enthusiasm, which was parti·
cularly dem onstrated whe n com -
rad e D. F . SpringhaJJ, who was
wounded in the fighting on the
Jarama front , rose to move an
emergency resolution on the Spa-
nish struggle.
The Congress adopted a strung'
note of condemnation of the J3ri-
tish National Government, wh'ch
in the terms of the rE'solution.
was " att(>m pting to reinforc{'
FI'aneo's efforts to c.arry through
Ii blockade of Spanish p orts"" .
has consistently h(>lp('d Franc"
by itd support or the policy of
n tin-interv ent.ion and who t ogt!the- :
with Hitler and Mussolilli i" the
main accompl i('e of Franco",
Th e' Congress stated that the
"mediation" proposals of the firi ·
li Hh Govt . w ere designed to sa\'"
Franco from defeat and t o d,'I.Y
the legal lights flf the Spa nish
Oemocratic t;ovt'l'nmE'nt. T h t'
Congress stress"d the hpavy res ·
vonsibllity whi e h lay upo n the
leadership of th e' Labour Party
a.nd Trad e \J nion C ungr,·ss fo!'
having weak ened the fight of dp·
m ocrar:y against the fa s<: lst ons-
laught, by its support of the G:,-
vel'n menl poli( 'Y of " n'-'Il ~intt· t"'\·el ~·
tion" a nd I'e lusal to undertak,·
any campaigll in ~upport of th('
Spa nish P eoplt"
A glowing tribute was paid by
the ('ongres, t .. th e British Batta-
I,,,,, which it d O"clared "has saved
Ih" II/HIU/". of tllf' Brttis/J t(~()"kifl.'l
II".I(.~ "~Ol·(;m,ent".
The Congress emphasised its
('"mplete solidarity with tht' n .. ..:
I"'opl"~ F ... JIIt Covt. in Spain and
th(' policy which it has outlined
and sharply condemned the Trot : ·
kyist P. O . U . M . for its attem},t
t.. provoke armed warfare in the
"'''" ' "in the interest.q of Fr..ncc".
,I. H. Campbell Hhal'ply criticised
lh., I. L . P . for its SUppc'lt of ihe
I'. (I . V. M . exposing the r. L . P .·s
fa lR(' a nair'g;es b<'tween the sltua-
tion in Barcelona and that of
Russia in 1917 during the Ke-
n'nsky pe l·iud.
Campb<'ll pointed out the histo-
rical and practical difference in
the t,,:;' s ituations; K (' . nsky re-
presented the fundamental forces
of Russian capitalism. Neither
the Government of Catalonia or
the R ep ublic is K erensky. They
represent the Popular masses and
the decisive influence is in the
hands of the working class orga·
nisations.
iT"" fundnmcllfal Jo-rce.~ 0/
Splllli,,11 capitalism m 'e represen-
/"d I}y General Franco!
\ tt.'r an at-rial bomhllrdil1W'lnt
\ 'alenria.
Harry Pollitt stated that "we
an' A" riously desirous of working
with the I. L. P. and every other
working class organisation but
Wt, cannot t olerate any longer a
situation where unity is made the
cov('r for disruption and disinte·
gration· ·.
ThO" Congress demanded free-
dom o f trade for the Spanish Go-
\'t'rnme nt withdrawal of Italian
and (;erman "hips and truGps, th::
application of League Sanctions
against the F8-~eists , material aid .
rt:'fuge for the Spanish children
;, nd s upport for the British Bat·
allon .
Greetings from the Congress
were sent to the British and
Irish comrades and ttl the Ame-
rican Battalion.
The annual conference of the
British Legion adopted a Te8Olu-
tlon expressing Ita dismay at the
lack of provision for 'tbe return
to regular employment of re8er-
vista who had recently been called
to the colours for service In Pa
\e8t1ne. The mover of the resolu-
tion Ca!,ltaln E. A . Jones stau-d
that it made him wonder at the
Intelligence of the government dt'-
partments concerned In expecting
young men to join the colours
when they would not look after
the reservl!.ts after a Hpecial job
of work,
RESULTS OF Mr. DUFF C·O-
OPER'S RECRrlTING <-'.'\M-
PAIGN
The ~"ultl. of Mr. Duff ('0-
Oper'1I recruiting campagll all Hta-
I/:>
ted In the HoWIe or ('ommon, by , /~""'/...
Mr. Hore Jkall""a, hi .. "uCOP!I8Or
are.
A defflcieney ill tbe .... gular ar·
my on May 1st thb year of 24.67a
as eompart'd wilh 11.755 a ~'ellr
ago.
A deffl('lellcy in the territorial
anny en May 181 was 49.684 a...
('ompared with 49.184 III tbe pre·
\'IOU8 ~·f'ar.
UAILI' WORKER TIPS DERBY
WINNER
of Cayton of the DaUy Worker IICO-
rt'd a tremelldous 8U~S by tip-
Iling Mid-Day to \\1n tbe Derby.
HI" Ht'lection was made In the
".me clear and unmistakable JD.IUI-
n('r which Is a reature of tbe ad-
,'ice glv .. n ill t·h .. worker's paper, states of Illinois, Iowa, Ohio and
The Dally Work.. r was the only
national dall.\· II,'wspltJM"r 10 Klv. - I'rl'ased violence In _
'lid-Day Sun. To loaJl It all Ca~"
ton'" lIap "'aterbird aJso won.
Thl" Doublt, 011 the Tote WBe paid
out at ·14 pound" for a unit 8takr.
Here'8 HeaJth!
On receiving the news of the
bombardment oi Almeria, the
London D igtlict of the C. P. im-
Illediately organised a mass lob-
bying CJf M. P's. at the House of
Commons and a great protest 11,,-
monstration in Hyde Park to l>t>
followed by a march through
Central London.
In a preliminary report of an
Investigation by the United Sta-
tes Treasury, President Roosevelt
reveals to Congress, tbat a "mi-
nority of very rich individuals"
are dellherately f'Vadlng taxation.
He asks that an end to this prac-
tice be IrnmNllau-ly put Into
effect.
The latest world ahaklDI' Inv,.ntlo1l.
Huttr-r trum eoal bricks (for prol~­
tarlan C'oD~umptlon) .
l'. 8. WARSHIP IN FLAMES
The "Ludln«tDn", United States
war transport IIhlp, wlth a cargo
of high explosives on the high
seas, w.-nt up In fIamea. The
.. teamshlp "LImon ray" ami others
went to its aid upon receiving Ita
~ . O. S. call.
STEEL STRIKE STILL ON
The steel 8trlkes Including mo-
re tban 1110.000 workers In the
I'enn!lylvanla, contlnut's with In-
quarter8-
The "trlkers are displaying ex-
('Client soUdarlty and refu8e to
give In unJe811 their chief objetlve
18 ('onceded to them by the steel
..mplo,ver!!, that I_the recogni-
tion of th .. C. I. 0, _ their collec-
tlve tmrgaining apney.
On the outskirts of Chicago
thou8llnds of strike·rs picket
around a 8tet'1 mill which h_ col-
I('('ted 2.000 ,lrofe88iona! strlkc-
breakt'rs from the human garba-
ge dump8 of the city, Scores of
well-anned poll('t' and deputized
guardll e~cort thp!IP. "lJ('rapA" Into
the plant.

DIANA CU. G. T . /. - .!.a rra, 6. Madrid

 The VOLUNTEER
FOR LIBERTY
Vol. N.· 5 1837

APPEAL OF SPA N ISH W O ·R K E R S

ORGANIZ~TIONS
On June 2nd the Spe.nish Socia-
llat and Communist Parties and
the U. G. T. appealed to the Com-
munist and SocIalist Internationals
and to the International Feder&.-·
tlon ot Trade UniOllB Mldng them
yet again to undertake common
actlon of the most determinpd kind
againBt the FMcist intervention
In Spain. The next day Dimitrov
made known the text of a tele-
gram sent by the Communist In-
ternatlonai to the Socialist and
Trade Union Internatlona.ls to ea-
tablleh unity of action to defend
the Spanish people.
De Brouckere's replied, stating
that while they realised more
thaD ever the need for energetic
actiOlll, neither the Chairman nor
the Secretary had the power to
act on their own initiative.
Such a formal reply In face of
such grave issues brought many
A VIctory for working cIau
eoIIdarity.
The fact that the meeting Is to
take place is in Itself a tremen-
dous achievement for working
cla.a8 8OlIdarity. But can we feel
entirely CODfl.dent that eV(1n at
this late hour there will he no voi-
ces in the meeting ral.sed againat
united action?
Because of previous experienoee
we are forced to ~ tluIt it
any such opposition arIBeB, It will
be voiced by representativeB at
the Britfab. Labour Party, and
this would he exceedingly dan&'e-
rous because of the deC'lsive in-
fluence which the BriUah labour
movement commands in the coun-
cils of the Second International.
A tremendous responalbillty
Jo.ll Dlaz. Lui,1 Gello, leU.

protests. The . leaders of the 2nd Inspector of the Brigades to at-

International could not refWle the
demands of the Spanish worker'
organisations in the face of the
grtm realities of the struggle in
Spain and the rapidly growing
demand of the workers throug-
hout the world, for action In sup-
port of the Spanish people.
SocIaIJsts agree to meet.
De Brouckere sent a furher
te legram to Dlmitrov saying.
"We too believe it is essential to
reach an agreement on action on
behalf of Spa.in and without ne-
edless delays" and asked the Com-
munist International to inform
him of the place of me:ting.
Maurice Thorez.
tend the ~tlng.
The Communist International
immediately appointed comrades
Thorez and Cachin of France,
Jose Dia.? leader ot the Spanish
Communist Partie, Franz Dahlem
of Germany and LuigLGallQ, of
the Italian Communist Party and
1liBpector of the International
Brigades M their representa.tives
at the meeting in Paris on the
19th at June.
The Republican press received
the news with general satisfac-
tion. A number of newspapers
regret the co.stly delay which has
occurred and consider the meeting
as a victory of the working mas-
ses throughout the world. )Iarcel Cae hiD.

-u. upon the British worklng
Clue to insist that the meeting
decides for 8 ctlon and to ensure
that action Is energetically (l8J"-
rled out.
AU of U8 are in touch with
working cla..a organisation. back
home ao:i each of one us haa the
duty of informing our comrades
outside Spain of their great reII-
ponsabUites and what thla unity
of action by the two great Inter-
nationals can accomplish.
The tremendous weight of opi-
nion which has compelled this
meeting must be strengthened by
thouaands of resolutions deman-
ding not only food, money and
medical supplies. but above all
overwhelming pressure on the
gcverments to end the tragedy
of "non-intervention" which aids
the Fascists; to outlaw the Fas-
cists and secure the withdrawal
of German and Italian ships and
soldiers; to give the Goverment
of Spain its full rights to procu-
r~ war materials abroad.
This is no easy ta.sk. for too
much time has already been lost.
but it is well within the powers
of the two Internationals at a ti-
me when the people of the world
are revolted at the crime.9 of
Fisdsm.
LANCASTER, PA. LOCK
WORKS SHUT AS WORKERS
WALK OUT
LANCASTER, Pa. - F r a I m
Lock Works Is shut down through
the courage of a group of workers
who sbut off the electric switch
early Wednesday morning In pro-
test against $14 for 58-hour weeks
and for refusal of Old Sam Fraim
to negotiate terms with the C.I.O.
lnto which most of the workers
are organized.
--------------------------
AL SMITH IN ROME
Our old friend, Wall Stre< t
Brown Derby strutter, former Go-
vemor of Naw York, once Demo-
craUe Presidential candidate, Al
SmIth, 18 In Rome visiting Musso-
\In1. It is well known that Smith
I, a "lgoroUs fa'sc1st supporter.
While In the city he prayed at
St. Peter's after being escorted to
the altar by two Swiss guards.
And he was received In prh'ate
audien('.e by Pope Pius XI at his
summer home. To mark the occa-
sion the Pope presented Mr. Smith
an autographed minature. The
gift to the Pope was a mlnature
EmpIre State BuildIng of gold. A
good symbol of amerl('an capIta-
lIsm.
'l'tJE VOLUNTEER FO~ UBERTY
General luckacs dead, he died a leader IS
and a hero of the International Brigades
Ge1teral Luckacs (Matei Jalka) vinced supporters tor the Popular But in the name of General Luc-
one 01 the very best commanders Fron t Government's orders for the kacs hrmself, our great lost he-
01 the International Brigades, is creation 01 a strong army, united ro, our flags are IVted again, on-
dead. He died, hit by a grenade, and discipl'ned, Ilnder a unitied ce more to be carried forward, in
while inspecting the terrain over command. the epic war 01 th e Spanish peo-
which his unit was to operate.
He d'ed Uke a hero on the Iront
line, at the head of his troops,
,.,~ ' . ~-.-.'"".-~ ... ..,,_.. .,"'..... -,~ .. -.~ .•..." ..
as the generals of the people know
how to die, the generals 0/ the
gloMoU8 Spanish popular Army.
An experienced commandel',
and a brilliant cavalry 0 !ficer,
well known writer on military
questions, a courage0U3 Hungarian
antifascist lighter, General Luc-
kacs was one 0/ the first to otler
h 's experience, his knowledge, his
wisdom. and his courage to the
cause 01 Spanish Freedom.
To the appeal 0/ the Spanish
people, cowantly attacked by the
rebel generals, traitors to their
Country, and threatened by the
airplanes and by the bombs 0/ in-
ternational lascism, General Luc-
kacs, like a thousand others from
all landB, left his peacelul activi,
ties to come to Spain and fight
for the freedom 01 a brother peo-
ple and for the independence and
l 'berty 0/ all peoples.
He was General and Comman-
der of one 01 the QI'eatest of the
International Brigades. He was
Iriel/d and brother of all fight ere
for liberty, he is a hero among
the thousand of heroes who, in
this epic war against fascism,
_1_____••-
make great the name 01 Spain and
COlltillllC the noblcst traditions of
heroism. General LUCkaC8.
He was at Un'mersity City, dur-
ing the m emorable N01,ember
days, ,chen the heroic defense of
The blind destiny of war has ta- pIe, in defence 01 its liberties and
tnvincible MadrWi began. He was
ken from the PopuJar Army one 0/ its independence and in delet&-
at Pozuelo de Alarc6n, at Boadti-
Of its best Generals; ha:s deprived ce of the future of progressive hu-
la del Monte, at Mirabuena, at
us of one 01 our best Comman- manity.
Majadahcmda, on the Jarama, at
ders. has taken Irom us a leader, LUIGI GALLO
G-..adalajara. a Comrade, a friend. Inspector-Commissa.r
of the International Briga des ,
He was always at the head 0/ His teachings, however, "email/.
I.is unit, shouJdcr to shoulder with The magnificent military cadres
the most famous Brigades of the trained by his schooling and bJ
ITALY CAN'T PAY U. S. WAR
new Spanish pop.dar army. IJe h's example also r emain; his
DEBT
wI'ote memorable payes of milita- sp'endid unit w;,zz continue its tra-
ry power and wisdom, pages d'tions ot courage and combat:- In a note, by the U. S. Depart-
,vhich will rema~ in history. v :ty. ment of State, to the Italian G0-
Every Spallish tight er, eve, y vernment demanding payment of
In a few days he madc his unit
t'nlunteer lor liberty , bows beto r e Its war debt, Mussollnl, throu«h
into a model of organization, of
the remains ot the grea t hem. Th e his Italian Ambassador at Wash-
willingness to fight and Of capa- colors carried in ma!!,'1 battles all:i Ington replied that Italy Is not in
city for action. though many victories, are lowe- .. position to meet any flnanclal
He was among the most con- red for a moment. obligations at this time.

Spanish news in brief
June 15.- The Executive Com-
mittee of the Catalan U . G. T . ba.s
annouced that it will not enter
into any conversation with the
C. N . T . until it has received an
answer to its proposals for a
unity ,p act made on the 22d of
May.
June I6 ,- The pollce have sei-
zed 3.000 bombs in possession of
incontrollables! The war ministry
has at once sent the bombs to the
frent. No doubt POUM will pro-
test against this counter-revolu-
tionary use of bombs.
June 16, - Comrade Luckacs
What 1M It~
and other anti-fascist herc 3s of
the International Brigades recen-
tly killed in Aragon front were
solemniy buried in Valencia. The
ministers of Defe~se, Agriculture
and Education, Comrades Prieto,
Uribe and Hernandez, beside Al-
varez Del Vayo and other Govern-
ment figures were amor,g the
guard of ho!' or. Comrade Gallo,
Inspector of the Inten~atlonal Bri-
gades was also present, with lead-
mg representatives of the Spanish
SocialIst and Communist Part ; ~",
June 17, -A Plenum of the Spa-
nish C. P . has been convened.
First problem to be studied is
that of the creation cf One Uni-
ted Proletarian Party a :1d the
strengthening of th ~ Popular
Frc nt.
Jun e 17.- The police havE' arres-
ted the fiv e principal leaders of
POUM Andres Nin, Jorge Aql! (,I'.
David Perez. Andrade and O.t'z.
Nin has be en tran sfered to a Va-
lencia prison.
June 17 . · - Vigor'ous and succes- p\t't e unifccms and military out-
Mul offensive on the Huesca front.
We wish to draw the mention to
the fact that the Aragon front
THE VOLUNTEER FOR LIBERTY
THE HEIGHT OF CYNICISM
Yesterday in the House of
Commons the Sartorial Expert,
Mr. Eden, announced "The Ger-
man and Italian Governments
from today onward recommence
their collaboration in the work of
the committee of Non-Interven-
tion and the Sub Committee of
Control. The House will note that
both Governments have taken
this position without receiving
the securities demanded frem b:>th
parties in the Spanish cc nflict, "
It would be hard to beat thi s
for cynical Insolence. When a
German battleship fires on Go-
vernment'splanes, and they reply,
the German Control Fleet at once
aails to Almeria !'J\d commits an
act of war which even no decent
belligerent w ould undertake. The
German and Italian Governments
at once demand 'securities', and
Eden, not content with the farce
of demanding these frcm the Po-
pular Front Government, makes
a hypocritical pretence of impar-
tiality by demanding that Fran-
co's airplanes shall not bomb Ger-
man battleships! Thi s is, of cour-
se, In case Gerni.an battle-ships
should ever open fire on Franco's
planes!
The following is a summary of
tbe text which Eden has sent both
to the Spanish Government and to
Franco : "First. It is begged of
both parties that they give defini-
tive securities that they w!ll res-
pect foreign warships cn th e high
h83 become INTENSELY ACTIVE
since the work cf reorganizati cl'·
begun by General Pozas, nomina-
ted by Valc!lcia Governmrn ·· nd
welcomed by Catalan P opu13r
Front Organizations.
JUNE 19.··- Fourtec n more l~·
c. ders of the P . O. U , M . \Ve ,·~ 3r-
rested amongst them the Editor
r f "La BataIla". The whr le of
the buil dings printing shops . a:>d
cffices of the P . O. U. M. organ
and every office and tullding of
the Trotskyite party in Barcelo-
na havc b~en , eizpd by the Go-
vernment. Later in the day 50
more arrests were made. In the
San Gervasio h:lrraek ~ of the
p, O. U . M . several thousao!ld com-
fits were f c und,
JUNE 19, ·- Andres Nin has been
transferred to Madrid.
3
seas or elsewhere and that they to take? Does it mean that these
will take measures such that their Governments will agree to the
sea and air forces ob!erve these bombing of say Valencia or an
securities. Secondly. With the ob- attack on Loyalist ships moored
ject of avoiqing attack or injuries in Spanish ports ? In any case are
to forelng warships of the Control not Italian Government forces
whe n situatcd in ports of one or already bombing Spanish citie.s,
the other side, both pa rties are and are not German planes doing
asked to make arrangements the same?
with the four Powers (of the Con- So far the Spanish Govenunent
trol) naming Spanish ports which has given no official reply thou&,h
can be used a.s bases by such Selior Giral, Ii'oreing Minister, has
war~hips and appointi.'.1g fafety stated that the S!,anish people
regions in thcse ports, Third . Both have a determined objection to
parties must understand that e ve- a llowing any German or Italian
ry infraction against the security warShips to enter Spanish ports
cf attacks against Control war- c r ·terrilorial waters. The presen-
ships will be considered as a queG- ce of such ships would be an in-
tion affecting the common inte- ,mit to the Spanish Nation , Mo-
rests of the Four Powers, Inde- reover, remembering that German
pendent ' of whatever rapid m earu; and Italian warships have taken
of legitimate defense may be an active and illegal part in pre-
judged neces sary by the attacked venting food supplies relW:hing
warships, the F our P owers will Spain (sinking of the Kom80mol
seek an immediate agreeme nt and the attempted blockade of
among themselves about what Bilbao and Gijon) are they to be
measures to take, taking into con- allowed to put into Valencia and
sideration the point of view of r e qui s i ti 0 n food? Probably
the interested Government." Mr, Eden expects the Spanish In-
What does this disgusting do- t endencia to place teams of dock
cument mean? Does the third ar- w orkers and a regiment or two
ticle m ean that if a German crui-
at the disposal of the German
ser again opens fire on Govern-
Admiral, for reviclualling fati-
ment planes that the British Go-
gues; so that he may then go to
vernment and the French will
sea and sink food ships.
agree to whatever war measures
Here is one task for Engll8h
Hitler and Mussolini may decide
workers of the Second and Third
THE SARTOP.IAL EXPERT- Inte rnationals, to undertake a na-
tion wide campgain to remove the
National Government. And this,
if the Labor Party will cooperate
with the other democratic and
prcgress ive parties, can definitely
be done. In the interests of public
sanitation Eden must be removed.
VOLONTAIRE (ingl~s)
----------------------.-
HOPKIN'S PROPHECY
In a 8peech at Scranton, Pa.,
W. P. A, Administrator, Harry
L. Hopkin'S, prophe8led to biB hili
audlenoe that: withIn six months
U. S. Labor will have lIf'en com-
plett>ly org.mized In the m8118 pro-
duction Industrle. "And" he ad-
ded, "nobody will be talking about
It. It will Ix- acc('pted aa a fact,"
Amerkans In S:··ain wUl have a
hard time recognizing the rapidly
growing c1as... - oon!icloue U. S,
when they ll""t back.
Anthony E<lt'D .
 4 THE VOLUNTEER FOR LIBERTY
Madrld province have slIIt In con-
ference, brought together by the
Agrarian Commlss1on at the Ma-
drid Regional Communist Party.
It was the first time III Spanish
history such a conferell()e had
been held : In fact, only In one
other country can there have been
a parallel event. For this was
not a conference of trade union
delegates meeting to dlSCUSII wage
Increages or relatloos with em-
ployers. It was a con1erence of
peasants who themselves worked
their land, with the aid of their
government which has reoenUy
given It to them.
In the hall of the Madrid Ate-
neD, where formerly scholars and
aesthetes waged learned debates .
the peas&Ilts of Castile spoke of
their problems, often passionately
and sometimes bitterly, but al-
ways with that hard sense aDd
determination which Is the cha-
racteristic' of the C&stilllllt peas-
ant. Collective, Cooperative, Reap-
in.~ , Seed, Land, Shock Brigades!
These were the key words of the
cOl!ference.
THE DEMAND FOR HELP
Delegate after delegate demand-
ed help. mate riL is, seeds, or shock
briga des to replace the men DOW
in the trenches. A peasant from
the little village of Daganzo, for
inst a nce, in a halting yet tremen-
dous ly moving speech pleaded for
help. 1n that village 80 me.n will
THE SICKLE
THE RIFLE AND
THE HAMMER
question of field workel'B. It waa
said that women could not per-
form the heavy tasks required of
them, but this was false. TIley
had had ro do it under the old
regime often enough, and Anchue-
10 was proof that they were ~r
to help now. She went on ro re-
view the part played by women
In the struggle again.st. f8.!lcism .
At Carabafias, for example, 200
women _re collectively engaged
in waahing . and repairing soldiem
60 clothing. At Cereedilla they are
h~lping to run a Home which
Deep "lowlnr: by means of heavy "lows would save
many cro". from 1.m1)Overlsltment· by drour:ht. Tbe UD-
J)6nnOllt "Ieture MOWS a tvDe coveted in Snain. Both
youth and old are re,,~nted amonr: the deleR'ates.
One of tile moet thrIUlnr: thlnn at the Ar:rar1au Von-
terence waa the unity and cordial 1lDderstandlnr: bet;..
ween army and People. The "ieture 011 the rlR'ht MOWB
a commonlv seen "roof of this.
have to work desperately to reap Comrade Julia. Bea, the women's supports 600 cbildren. At Villalba.
5.000 fanegas of land unless a organizer of the Agrarian Com- there Is a collective workshop pro-
shock brigade arrives. There are mission. A group of 20 women ducing ·r~-iIOled shoes for the
five reaping machines In that vi- was formed b> carry on in the army. It was a record ol tine
llage and no one understands their place of the men who had gone work, but the women were c&pa.-
use. Even the mules C8J!lIlot be fully inro the army. Today 30 women ble of playing a far blg~ role
utilized because of shortage of are in that group. This at once than they were doing, and thts
labor. In some towns the field brought Comrade Julia, as she is neglect must be remedied.
workers and workers of other called by the peasants, to her feet.
trades have fonned their own The Party units have neglected
UNITY OF ARMY AND
sbock brigades. Colmenar poeses- women's work, sbe said, in this PEASANTRY
ses 33 of them, all pledged to
work whatever hours are necessa- At the third eession Comrade
ry to bring in the crops. lL this Lister, Commander of the First
town there are also special briga- Mixed Brigade, was given a tre-
des to defend the fields from pos- mendous welcome by the assem-
sible fire caused by enemy avia- bled pes.sa.nts and field workem.
tion. In the course of his speech he
At Vlcalvaro the Municipal assured them of the sympathy
Council has decided unBDimously and the loyalty of the army. At
that ·t he whole village .shall beco- a later session Comrade Modesto,
me a shock corps : "even the poor Commander of the Fourth Anny
devil of a sacristan" the delegate Co!1pS, condemmed one recent
declared, getting a laugh from the example of shameful conduct, In
assembly. which the Intendenc1a of a cer-
The delegate from the hamlet tain military unity opera.t1ng in
of Anchuelo reported that they the Guadarrama war zone · ac-
had partly solved their labor pro- tually demanded of a village the
l ' . G. T. Mayor report. on hie vUla«e
blem as a result of the visit of whole of Its Il.ve-srock, 130 beuta,