THE VOLUNTEER FOR LIBERTY
front lines. And these comrades
Collll'ade Uribe, Flrot p _ n t of Spain.
some at wbicll were about to calf
down. The villager:s protested that
this would ruin their economy for
years to come, but to no avail.
"Soldier:s who behave like this are
a disgrace to the People's Army
and a danger to the Republic;
this is the work of fascists and
these people must be treated as
such", General Modesto said. The
HortaIeza delegate was prompt tQ
remind the conference that the
LUtter Brigade had already sup-
plied a shock corps of 100 skilled
reapers to the Municipal Council
of Hortaleza. Many other regi-
ments have since done the same
including unities of the Intema-
UonaJ. Brigade. The Command of
the EngHBh Battalion haB approa-
ched the :Mayor and Municipal
Council of their tovro to discUBS the
way in which they can give aid
to the peasants; the Lincoln Bat-
talion has taken a similar mea-
sure.
Campesl.no, Dr. Pando, and
other famOllB Commanders of the
People's Anny also took part in
the dlacussion. It was a magnifi-
cent experience this, of realizing
that In SpaIn a People's Anny
exists and that the peasantry
trusts that army and ask!! help of
Its Generals, and recetve.~ ;t. One
realized the reason for that trust
and sympathy when one heard
from an officer of the 69th Bri-
gade that 90 per cent of the of-
tioel'll and men were peasants
them.tIelVell, and had, bef9re they
At the conference the city work-
became soldiers of the Regular
Army, helped to defeat fascism in
their own villages. These men
know that the anny is their's
because the army se~ a Po-
pular Front Government whose
land policy has filled them with
courage and hope.
INDIVIDUAL BRAVERY ALSO
BesIdes the record of orderly
work there were also tales of he-
roism and devotion. The Mayor of
Rascafrias, a little mountain town
in the Guadarrama, has refused to
leave his post though he has been
compelled more than a score of
times to shift his l'&'lidence becau-
se of enemy shells. Despite con-
stant bombardment and the dan-
ger of long range machine-gun
fire, the field work has been car-
ried on by 60 shock groups orga-
nized by the Mayor. It is almost
unbelievable that despite these
difficulties Rascafrias has provi-
ded more than a half million pe-
setas worth of produce since the
beginning of the fascist rebel1ic,~.
At Aranjuez last year, daring
bands of young peasants actually
reaJped crops by ni~~ht in territory
already in the power of fascist
terror; passing through our own
lines in orden to do it and recei-
ving volunteer help from the mi-
litia. At Chinchon also, night work
has been resorted to in the gathe
ring of crops which were within
range of enemy artillery. Two
workers of Arganda, were killed
gathering the olive crops in the
5
were not merely "adventurists" or
acting upon their own initiative
but were communist peasants,
members of the U. G. T., who had
responded to a call from their or-
ganizations.
The conference did not tell of
a story of simple plain sailing. It
told of enormous difficulties and
in the early days of absence of
means to solve them; it was a
story of increasing order as a re-
sult of systematic aid from the
Ministry of Agriculture. But the-
re were stories cf error also, and
let it be said candidly, of offen-
ses against the peasants that they
will never forget. We shall deal
with the problem of the Collecti-
ves next week in a commentary
on the new decree legalizing the,e
units. But there were several stc-
ries of coersion, and in a few ca-
ses of definite crime committed
by "incontrollables" who had lod-
ged themselves within syndical
organizations. On the other hand
there were accounts of collectives
which are doing splendid work
precisely because there are com-
posed of workers whose wills have
been consulted. Of these Perales
de Tajufta is a good example. In
some cases small proprietors who
do not yet wish to enter a collec-
tive have nevertheless fonned co-
operatives. In the case of one vi-
llage the name of which we \vi-
thold a Committee formerly paid
70 to 80 centimos per kilo of peas
to the peasants. During last week
the newly formed Coop foond that
it could pay one peseta forty
cents, bear all transport costs etc.
and sell at the legal price of one
peseta 85 cents in Madrid.
(~~neral I~lster and oth.'r urnly It'a.ders UKh'n to the peasants.
ing class was represented by a
comrade of the Northern Railway,
which line is especially concerned
with the work of supplying Ma-
drid. A comrad~ of the United
State.• C. p. gave greetings to the
conference, as al£o one from the
Italian Party.
THE BALANCE OF WORK
What were the negative notes
of the conference? One has b~en
dealt with, the failure to do in-
tensive work among women; the-
re were also a few rare failures
to guide less instructed comrades
in the village comn:.'ttees. Comra-
de Dieguez of the Agrarian Com-
mission, In expressing his pleasu-
re that in certain villages comple-
te and warm hearted unity exists
between the C. N. T. and the U.
G. T., warned delegates against
provocators who had clearly tried
to antagonize the two great fe-
derations. The land was of the
people and not of a section of the
people, just as the conference was
serving the interests of all they
peasants and not only of those
possessing one particular political
ideal.
On the positive side the balan-
ce was enormous. The deep con-
viction of the peasants that at
last they had a Government which
understood their needs was put
beyond question. Their determina-
tion to extort as much from the
land as their present teChnique
allows them was proved, not by
piou.<! statements, but by figures
of production, hours worked, and
men engaged. It was proved a'so
by the fact that Madrid stands
ec:defeated!
6 THE VOLUNTEER FOR L1BERTJ'
THE IRON WILL OF THE
SPANISH LANDWORKERS
One felt that one was taking
part in a magnlfcent drama, In-
deed one knew that one was tak-
ing part in the Incomparable dra-
ma of a popular revolution. Here
were men who had been applles-
s ed, who had been Ilttle better
than slaves, whose forefathers
had Jived under the yoke for cen-
turies, and at last they were
struggling free. The writer con-
f ~ E,,,es that It was a salutary les-
s on. To listen to those ta:Jes of
body-breaking labor, of unbending
wiII overcoming difficulties, shor-
tage of labor, of seed, of know-
ledge (to administer a town with
thousands of fanegas of land with
cnly a handful of literate COIllJ-
rades is a tremendous task). And
of sabotage by "los gandules" or
th e wandering trobadars of vio-
lence and demagogy, made one
feel that one's only difficulty we-
re n ot so great as they had see-
med. There was a feeling of po-
wer and purpose in the men ga-
thered in the hall of the Ateneo,
and at momments a deep and
moving poetry, at other mom-
ments a fierce and blazing pas-
Sion, all of it surging and delibe-
rating within the framework of
a clear and profoundly human po-
licy.
It vould be impossible ever to
forget the speeCh of the delegate
~f Torremocha. A tall lean figu-
re with the long head of the 01-
jest of Spanish stocks, h is face
t urned and fieshless ' from long
years of labor under a blazing
, un, of intense and searching ga-
ze, he stood on theplatfonn,
2peaklng inpubJic for the first ti-
me. "Mi pueblo es muy chico",
,.c b egan. And no translation can
~onvcy the mingled modesty and
July l a;'6.
Sincere nn1 thou~htful men hllve taken the place of the absentee sellorltos.
pride in his tiny hamlet. "My town
Is very small. Two demands only
I make. Once we had 180 men
to reap our fields, now only 36
are left. You lllJUst send us help."
He went on to recount the hlato-'
ry of these 11 mouths of war and
struggle in hl$ village of 30 fa-
milies, where already half the
houses had been deserted before
the, war began. "Then I need twi-
ne to bind our wheat, I need 8
hundles and for each bundle I
shall be able to provide wheat
that will have the value of 1200
pesetas. And If you send help,
send food also; we have not eaten
meat for 10 months in our little
town." There were bitter things
in his speech, protests againat old
injustice; simple elemental senten-
ces that were like the imperso-
i!lal utterances of all the peasan-
try of Spain. The peasants rose
to their feet and applauded fier-
cely. The time limit was forgot-
ten as the conference listened to
this summary and essence of all
their stories. Afterwards there
was silence for a momment IUld
then everyone rose to his feet and
the International rang through
the haIl and corridors of the Ate-
neD.
A conference of peasants, can-
firming the policy of their MInis-
ter, Comrade Uribe, and speaking
directly to him. The unity of G0-
vernment and People was felt in
a way one had never felt it before.
FORD'S ATTORNEYS
ATTEMPT TO SPIKE OOURT
INQUIRY
DETROIT. - The bat tI e of
unionism against Fordism enter-
ed the courts as a one-man grand
Jury began an inquiry into the
assault upon union organizei'll at
the Ford plant Uttle more than
a week ago.
Althougb 8ubpoenaes were Is-
sued for Edsel Ford, president of
the eompany, and Harry Bennet.
commander-in-chief of Its noto-
rlou8 service department, beth
8ucceded in evading process ~er­
vel'S.
Jul:r
Meeting of Socialist
and Communist
Internaotinal
Too newa that Labour and So-
cialist International and the Com-
munist International are to meet
to decide an common action In
ald of Spain will be welcomed by
every member of the Brigades.
Nowhere Is there a deeper under-
standii:1g than In the Brigades of
how much international working
class action can do to shorten tile
agony of the Spanish people and
to lessen the danger of a world
war. We know only too well that
It has been lack of unity in the
working class movement which
has made pOBsible UIe martyrdom
of Madrid, Malaga, Almeria and
Euzkadl. Throughout the struggle
the sympathy of the working class
has been with the Spanish Repu-
blic, but this sympathy has not
been able to express Itself In de-
cisive action because the leaders
at a very large section of the
working class have not ,g iven the
Signal. Our earnest desire Is that
this sigoal w!ll come from the
meeting In Paris.
On May Ist, after Guernica had
been destroyed, the Ex-President
of the 2nd International asked
Uon Blum in: an open letter:
"How long actually is this scan-
dal, or as the Dean of Canterbury
said, this ridiculous ~d tragic
farce, going to last?"
The bombardment of Almeria
has raised everywhere in the
working class movement the de-
mand for the cessation of the hy-
po:~isy of nen-interventlon.
as •.
 ~tm VOLUNTEER FOR UBERTV 7
"NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC" ON WHOLE TOWNF FlGHl'S
ITALIAN FINANCES COMRADE lITVINOF EXPOSES THE BOOST IN PONTIAC

The National Geographic Maga-

NEW TECHNIQUE OF FASCIST DETROIT, Mkh_"Everything
zine, in liB latest number, pu-
bIIabe8 .tartling revelatlon8 con-
IMPERIALISM poIniB to Pontiac for 19S7", says

cerning the critical financlal BI-
tuaUon in Italy aDd the low 8tand-
ard of living among the people.
It declares tbat the fascl8t 11'0-
venu8ent of U Duce, in 8plte of
the various revenlle8 from the
railroads, postal I!Ierviee, tele-
graph, Industries, monopolies, aDd
the taxation levied on the popu-
lation, tinda Itl!lelf always ID a
greater deficit.
The 8tory goeB on to &ell 01 the
great expeDlNl the railroads have
heen to the government, each year
leaving a more grave deflclt than
the preceding one. It attributes
thi8 to the fact that the general
population of Italy cannot travel,
they can't afford to. The only
people who use the rallroad8 are
the foreign tourists. The Italian
Is too poor to travel, and his
standard of living 18 becoming'
eYen lower.
The account mentions a torm
of taxation tbat compels a special
tax 'on every window and balcony
that f _ the 8treet. And, there
18 a tax on every basket of farm
products plU'Cballed at the market.
But it is not a matter Of
Spain alone. The Spanish events
have created one of the greatest
menaces to European and univer-
sal peace. This menace arises ifl
C01lsequ.ellce Of an attempt at ar-
med interference in the internal
affairs Of a Eumpean state, an
attempt to force upon the people
of this state an internal re-
gime which is al'en to it, and
mainly, II foreign, policy orienta-
tion, and under cover of this in-
terference to deprive this country
of its independence and subordi-
nate it to other state,~ . If these
attempts were to be ~cce88ful
and were to be carried out u;ith
impunity, then there would be no
guarantee that in a Sh01·t tnne
another attempt will not be made
to bring about an 'ns1lT>"ection in
ALVAREZ DEL VAYO
some othe/' country, to recog.:lze
the leader of . the insurgents as
itead of the government, to send
thithe,' fo,'eign troops and arms to
nelp the insurgents and thus ef-
Feet aggrewJf\ and carry out the
"ational policy of the intervening
state, Interventiott displays a ten-
dency, according to the ezample
of the reZigi~ wars Of the past,
to begin a senes of new wars and,
under cover of ideologies and po-
litical regimes, to carry out the
policy of aggression aM ezpan-
s:on. It should not be forgotten
tllat in Spain, at the moment when
the insurrectiott broke out, a go-
vernment was in ezistenee whose
program was similar to that of
governments ez'sting in many
other countries."
(Litvinov at Geneva.)
workers were fighting for higher
wB«M tor his sake. He goes
even higher tban Uley were be-
a General Moto...' bI.Ilboard on
the town. That'. more literally
true for landlord vtctImII tbroug-
hont the country than was orlgl-
naUy Intended.
Pontiac Is today the seat of the
biggest rent strike In blatory. At
least 15,000 famlBes are backln«
np the call of the Pontiac local
of the United . AutO WorkeN to
pay no rents "'ore slzeable re-
ductions are JDad,;),
In a town with a total poputa..
tlon ot 711,000 a rent 8tr1ke ,of
15,00 famllles Dieans that It'. Just
abont as unanImoua as anytbln«
could be.
• One typical Pontiac lancIItft
admits that he "tried to step up
rent8 gradnally sa they (auto
workers) were able to pay". He
thonght, pcl8IIlbly, that the auto
011
to threaten that "rents must be

---------
"BILLY'S " MASS BACKING
At one time, yea... back, WI
IUam Green. was President of the
Morgan Run Local of the U. M. W.
of A., in hi8 home town, Coshoc-
ton, Ohio. 'Ihe Local faded away
for awhile but held liB charter.
Not long ago the Locai was re~'lv­
ed when -John L Lewl8 asked
Billy to 8how cause &8 to why he
8houldn't be expelled from the U.
M. W. The Local haughtuy boat-
ed to tbe world that out of the
twelve remaining members, onl;,'
one, President J. R. McCormick.
would vote to expel BilL
Where are the "8Iandere ..." wh:>
say that Bill Green blUI no mas9
8upport?
1'.00 HOUSTON WORKERS DE-
MONSTRATE FOR RELIE}'
HOUSTON. Texas.-More thun
1500 workel'!l aDd citizt'ns gather-
ed before the City Ha.1I recently
In a ma88 demonstration agalnRt
the proposed cut in the Federal
appropriation for WPA and the
resulting layoff of unemployed
worke ....
Spadn'. (·hamploD. at GeDeI\'.
eXIJuaeB Z.lellt plun for "'orld war.
fore It ClBpltal Is to be advanced
for more aecommodatJons".
But tile workers say that rents
will _ down before any DlPre
of their hard-won doqta Is ad-
vanced tor oume- .....
In eviction or ~t ea-
_ , 'the union Intendll to leave It
to the Jury to give a Jadcment
In the amount It thinks .. a pr0-
per rental.
---------------.------------
NOTE
In a certain number of co-
pie. of last week'. number
a whole line wa •• ett out,
because of a technlca' error.
A .entence In the article
on British Imper'allsm
.hould have r.ad:
_... the British Governmcnt began to
look longingly at the apparent fascist
solution and to think that Democracy
was dangerous. Democracy began to
like Communism .•
r.ad Inatead:
-... the Britis/l Government began to
look longingly at the apparent fascist
sdution and to look like Commu-
nism.>
8 TIlE VOLUNTEER FOR LIBERTY
THE SOVIET UNION AND THE THIRD 5 YEAR PLAN
Because the 2nd ~ year Plan is
being completed ahead of time
the Soviet Government has invi-
ted the State Commission to speed
up the elaboration of the 3rd 5
year Plan. Vast projects are al-
ready being studied, so that the
3rd 5 Year Plan will suspass in
achievement Its predecessors. The
most interesting of all the propo-
sals is that which is being called
"The Grand Volga".
THE LARGEST HYDRO-ELEtJ-
TRIO SCHEME EVER
Between the frozen marshes of
the north and the Caspian Sea lie
enormous plains of rich soil which
might support vl/-Stly increased
8Dd happy populations. Unfortu-
nately, the rainfall is low, especia-
lly In the south, and the waters ot
the Volga are not as yet properly
used for irrigation. A g randiose
series of dams is to be built, solv-
Ing two problems at once, that of
Irrigation, and the problem of
electrical energy.
Dams, between 65 and 100 feet
high are to be built at strategi-
cally chosen places, enabling a re-
servOir of wlllter between 300 and
375 miles long to be stored behind
each. These will be built at in-
tervals of three hundred to 375
miles therefore, so that tbe Volga
shall be navigable throughout t o
IJhips of deeper draft than at pre-
sent. The same will be done with
the great tributary of the Kama.
A. VAST NETWORK OF POWF.Jt
The stupendous nature of thi8
project can I:e 8een from the fact
that it will attain a total power
output of ten million kilowatt.
supplying 50,000 m II I io n kwh
per year, the equivalent of about
25 million tons of Donetz Basin
coal or eo to 70 million tons of
the less useful local fuel .
A8 Soviet technique permits of
the canylng of electrical power
to distance.'! of 6~ miles this
meana that according to the Grand
Volp Plan the area to ::,e served
Is nearly a million ~quare miles,
containing 70 millions population.
The industrial slgnl1lcance of this
ill evident. It Is the regions of
Moac:ow and the Ural Mountains
on the northerly part of the Volga
Basin which will use up the great-
at quautlty of electrical enerpo.
At present over 50 per cent of the
fuel used in these regions Is de-
rived fron:. distance sources. Sav-
Ing of transport, as well as speed-
Ing up production, will be the gain
therefore.
Not less Important are the agri-
cultural aspects of the Grand Vol-
ga Plan. The 80uthern Volga
llialns are particularly arid, and
at present cODStitute a perU for
Soviet economy, In that their
crops cannot be relied upon. Af-
ter Grand Volga Plan Is carried
through millions of acres will
be watered, eDBUrlng rich and re-
gular crops of wheat.
This n : .....p " '111 show the "IIHt e.t.. ntl ul the Grand Vol«a Kheme.
MAN NOW HAS POWER TO
A.LTER NA.TURf;
In fact, so much water will be
used that there is a danger of
lowering the level of the Caspian
Sea! Military antI navigational
reasons and the Interests of the
flsblng IndWltry make It essen-
tial that this sbould be corected
by pouring Into the Volga water
from the adjacent rive.r baBlns.
DIANA (U. G. T.> L&rra, 8. Tel. 4UOCi.-K&dJ'\cL
Industry 8Dd agriculture are
provided for by this scheme. Ri-
ver communications also are to be
cared tor, tl.nally, the depths main-
tained are to be sufftclent to al-
low the passage of warships from
the Caspian to the Baltic and the
White Seas.
The same plan which will create
wealth for the Soviet people will
enable them to defend it against
whatever fascist or capitalist po-
wer Is foolish enough to try a
fall with the U. S . B. R.
ThiS, then, Is what a Peoples'
Govemment can do when It bas
beaten back ita enemies, and con-
80lidated Itself. The Spanish Re-
public had already planned great
Irrigation work before Franco'.
revolt. The Deed for Irrigation is
not less acute in Spain than In the
Soviet Union. The green floor of
the Tajufla Valley contrast shar-
ply, for example, with the grey
green slopes above It towards
Chlnchon. Enormous level areas
of Spain are composed ot this
grey-greeD 'pardo' earth, at pre-
seIit utterly waterless. For a-
tance, in the Ebro Basin alone
there are 900,000 acres which
could be watered If electrical sta-
tions were bullt and canaIa COIlll-
tructed. In the Central Regi6D,
even with the limited water of the
Tagu8 a quarter of a mllllon acres
are unnecessarily l~ dry. The
Republic had be~ this work.
Victory then, will mean that the
work can go forward agaiD, and
with Inc.reased energy, because of
the revitalizing at economic life
wblch the democratic revolution
will have accompHahed.
" ABE nut1BED
AS lEBSEY POUCE
ATTAOK PlCKET8
LITTLE F.u.LS, N. I. - TIliII
.mall lDduatrlal town luul It. ecbo
ot Dearborn aDd South Chleaco
when police attacke4 a picket line
at UIe U~ Falla 1auDdry.
Twenty_ftn were inJured ..
clubs, teIII' gaa bomIJII and otller
·weapo.. were ae4 freely by Sta-
te Poll c e • JI'lremen directed
streams of _fer at tile picket.
Irom rooltopL
_ MILLION RUBLES FOR
ART, TllEA.TIlR AND .MUSIO
More . . . 600 miWOIl rubles
have beea approprtat.ed tIlJ. year
by tile 80vtM Gove~t for
&Mater . . . dDema _traction,
orpn.zs.... aDd upkeep 01 or-
chestru ad cho~ expeDdIture
on an
8IlIaools, and 110 on.
The U. S. S. :a. wlll have 81S
u-teN by laDaary 19S5, as
aplDat 716 at UIe bertnnlng 01
tills -sear. Large theaters are to
be openet at Novo-Slblnk, Smo-
lenlul, I_vo and KIrov, whUe
the _ prellliM8 of tile Meyer-
hold 'l'heMer at .Moscow "ill be
oomplated.
TIle total nlDDber 01 students
atteDdin&' an eoIIeJes (mUSic, dra-
ma, platorlal aDd plaaUc art and
almIJar llUItltutiona) thIa year ..
ten thouaand. Over (0.000 pupils
are atuclYtng In the correspoDClln4'
-1Idar7 lICbools. A.a compared
with 19Se, UIe number of art stu-
dents .... Increased by 10% In tJIe
~,....

Yo I. N." 8 Madrid. .. u n e
lABOR SHOCK BRIGADES IN MADRID
Wben the Spaniab War of In-
dependence Is over and everything
is said about what is happening
in Sp8in today, the movement for
rationalization in war production
will supply more than one chapter
in the hiBtory of war.
This movement, called Stakano-
viBm now, started when the wor-
kers and the petty 00ul'geoi8ie of
Spain realized that th.e military re-
volt could not be crushed with a
ffIW blows, but that behind the
Spanish feudal and military caste
were the re90Ul'CeIJ of the two prin-
cipal fascist COOIltries. Italy and
Germany.
Madrid is not and never has
been an industrial city. Us pro-
l.etariAt la made up of c.raftsmen,
store, hotel aDd restaurant emplo-
yee or of civil servanta who ne-
ver had any industrial training.
Yet Madrid was the main goal of
the fascist bands and required mo-
re war material than any other
front. The rail communications
With the coe.at were cut, the re-
JII&iIIIIng highways congeIJted, the
city was 8Uftering from lack of
tood and the army of defenders
inButdciently supplied with war
equirpment and ammunitions.
The situation, whUe perhap.tl not
delllPerate, was acute. The activi-
ties of the Non-Intervention Con-
trol COIllDlill8lon, which did not !n
the l.east interfere with the supply
of men and war material to the
fasciIftB, certainly was the last
blow to the small trickle of equi-
ment brougbt into Spain from
outside.
The VOLUNTEER
FOR LIBERTY
I 9 1937
A MILITIA COMMANDER'S emergency, were producing wi- rials were scarce and already in
INITIATIVE thout putting that energy in their poesesslon of shOps in going con-
work which is all important for dition. The job consisted in esta-
It was in this emergeocy that blishing, without means, without
superior production, were Insuf-
a number at workers, petty-bour- wages, without materials, build-
ficient to supply even o.rdinary ri-
geois and professional people, for- ings or machinery, factories ca-
1!.e cartridges to the central sec-
med, without any help from the pable of producing the sinews of
Government or anyone else, the tor. Machinery was lacking. To-
war.
first group of workers which were. ledo, with ita recently modernized
to become the chief inftuence in arms factories, fully supplied with
PERSONAL SACRIFICES
injecting life, system and efficien- up to date American machinery,
cy into the production of war was 10lIl: to the fasCiSts.
ThOile In the group who had any
IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII!III1111111111111111111111 savings brought their funds. The-
se were neccessarily petty bour-
geoiS. They brought Jr.Iore than
their savings. They brought an
enthusiasm and willingness to
work which was In no way infe-
rior to that of tht' peasants or
workers in the group. Regardless
of the position they occupied in
the social or economic life of the
city before the military revolt,
they set about to learn, to strive
and work.
The war zone became their sup-
ply base. They went where tren-
ches were being dug, In BOme ca-
ses In no man's la',d. under the
enemy's fire takIng machines from
destroyed factories, besides sup-
~;' '''- . plies in metals either in bars or In-
:~.4-i._ ..:::= gots. and even scrap. They took
--- - ~ anything which might be of any
Every member 01 the SyaJoanotJite movement is liledged to undergo military use. They had no truck. and for
trainin.g. And thi3 i.~ undertaken alter work 1'0")"',
w~eks they hitch-hicked with their
IIImllHIlIIlIIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIIlIIlIlIlIlIIlIlIlIlIlIIlIlIlIlIIlIIlIlIlIIlIlIIlIlIlIlIIlIIlIlIlIlIIlIIIlIIlIlIIlIlIIlIlIlII1II111111111111111111111 booty from whicht'ver front they
were towards Madrid, the proud
material in Madrid and, through It was th~n that Garcia Izquier-
bearers of a bar of steel or brass,
their example in all Spain. do left the Siena for Madrid
of a piece of machinery, later to
To Garcia Izquierdo, Con:oman- With a group of 60 men among
be set up and made to work.
del' of "Milicianos" at Arena de which were waiters , jewelers, tca-
The government or the anny
San Pedro on the Sierra Guada- chers of mathematics. englneer ~.
could not spare a truck for then'
r,rama, goes the credit fCYr taking and laborers, along with some qua-
the initiative of this movement. lified machinists, he set about or- and they were not out to create
The f'!w small factories in the ganizing new shops and t'ncourag- difficulties for the authorities, but
Madrid section, manned by wor- ing others already establisht'<i. t o h·'lp. to help at all costs.
kers. who, In spite of the great Machinery was lacking. Mate- Their courage and energy inspl-
 2 THE VOLUNTEER FOR UBERTY
red soldiers In the front lines to
give help and .9OOn the littLe shop
in calle Goya, which was the crad-
le of the movement became too
small and they moved to a large,
modern and comfortable building.
Small abandoned factories, ga-
rages which had been vacated af-
ter being destroyed by bombard-
ment were taken over, r epaired
and production organized. The
transport corps of the Stakanov
Brigade, as the group became
known lat.er on when it grew t o
r cal brigade s ize, was started with
the capture of a ~Ulall Chevrolet
truck taken from the fascists
at the Caaa de Campo last No-
vember, brought to Madrid in tow ,
repaired and put in circulation .
This truck is still in operation and
is quite famous In Madrid.
AN EXAMPLE OF REAL
SHOCK TACTICS
A few miles from the city , at
the edge of a little town, and u s-
ing a large cow shed properly re-
paired, cleane d and v entilated as
a beginning f or a factory that was
to prove t oo small even before pro-
duction had quite begt:n. produc-
tion of rifl e cartridges was star-
ted.
In Toledo two small factori es
employing 60 men, but with ex-
cellent automatic n:1'l.chinery w e-
re prcducing 711.000 ca.rtridges a
day. After the loss of Toledo, Gar-
cia Izquierdo immediately started
the production of the same type
of cartridg~s In Madrid. Machine-
ry was built, since hardly any was
in existence before. It was necces-
sarily of hurried manufacture and
of a mak eshift style. With non au-
toma.tic machinery the no,rmal
daily production per IX''l.n was of
. 'lbout 800 cartridges. Under the
new stimulus, with the full un-
derstanding of the great emergen-
cy facing them and all loyal
Spain, the w orkers had started
prodUction against all odds , wi-
thout materials or any wages.
In the great confusion cam-ed
~ tfl· kfl"ot'it r u ·o . "k e t'S .'oI lt OH' ,'eal int(T e.d
I;y the invas ion with resultant wa-
ves of refugees entering the city,
of breakdown of public services
due to constant aerial bombard-
m('nts , whith the t rB.D!'fer of the
Government ~e at to Val encia, whi-
le they were not even receiving
any pay they i'1cr~ased th eir pro-
duction to s uch a po int that before
long the same number of men
working with primitive machinery
WERE PRODUCING MORE
THAN THE TOLEDO FACTO-
RIES HAD BEEN TURING OUT.
Thl' daily pm cl\.lction pcr n:an rose
to s uch a point that one man
reach pd a r e~o rd of 4016 c .rlrirl ~ <.
in ont' day. 60 men were now pro-
ducing in Madrid ov~r 80.000 cart-
ridges daily.
FROM SMALL BEGINNING TO
MASS MOVEMENT
There are now 3.000 men in the
Stakanov Brigade, and their num-
ber is increasing. As the number
increases the activity of the Bri-
gade increases also, their exam- gade is a closed political a!!air.
ple becomes an inspiration a'ld Frankly organized by Commu-
wher~ver their fam e is known nists, the Initiators, Garcia Iz-
emulation starts. It is a long way quierdo more 60 than any other,
from the broken down Chevrolet are proud of the fact that ele-
truck t9 their present daily re- ments considered incontrollable
cord of 300 truckloads. Madrid is before, have joined, become enthu-
being fed chiefly througb the agen-
sed by the general atmosphere
cy of this Brigade. It Is since the
and are p~ving to be workers
Brigade took the job over that
equal t o any others.
the f ood shortage became less
Tbe building the Brigade mo-
acute.
ved into after they vacated the
. Th ~ g r owth of the Brigade,
which in a way repeats the feat shop in Calle Goya La no longer a
o~ the Fifth Regiment which grew
shop. It is now an administrative
into a major size army without building, a printing plant, clinic
changing name until Its incorpo- and hospital for the Brigade.
ration in the Spanish Govern- Clean, well run, the building is
men's Army, Is strictly under con- undergoing big changes. On the
trol and every means are used to lower floor showers and hath tubs
are being installed. Two lIbrariell
have been installed and orga-
nized, one for literary works ano-
ther tor technical and scienti_
fic books. Arti.llt are busy deco-
rating the Walls. The dining ro-
om , cheery, light, spotlessly clean
has tbe walls decorated with fres-
coes. A large mural painting is
being prepared in t.hi! office of the
Commander. The man in charge,
an artist of renown but utterly at
a loss with himself and with the
rest of the world before the war,
is directing all the work of deco-
ration. He proudly announced that
Stakanovism has entered the field
'Jf art. A portrait of Stalin in tem-
pera and about 10 feet by eighteen,
well executed, expressive, work-
in te c hnte(d peJ'!ec tiou .
manlike was tinlshed in one hour
keep o ut possible dj ~ rupto r~. ~ a­ and half. The rest of the time,
boteUl'S and spies. says Dehesa de Mana the artist,
New members are accepted upon would have been spent in smo-
recommendation of their respecti-
ve Vnions or political organiza-
tions. Occasionally tht'y are a ccep-
ted on recommendation of friends
a lready in th e Brigade. Their poli-
tical and social past is closely
,'crutinized, their phys il'al condi-
tion is examined and they are then
c lassifi ~ d by trades or aptitudes.
New m embers ar ~ under an un-
obtrusive but efficient vigilance .
According to work performed and
reports made they are encouraged,
advanced in grade or respon sibili-
ty, or dimissed, and when charges
warrant it, handed over to the p o-
lice for further a ction.
A REAL POPULAR FRONT
EFFORT
In sp~te of all those precantlons
one should not think tpat the Bri-

Severa.l mllitary Clothing facto.tea are r .... by Stalronovite worn.,...
king cigarettes and talking. A
number of young people are wor-
king under him and so quite na-
turally the Brigade has also an
art school. The school is taking
orders from Barracks, labor orga-
nizations, schools, hospitals for
decorating their buildings.
On a table is a volume of Capi-
tal, bound in calf leather, beauti-
fully tooled, in a style and tech-
nique equal to the very best lea-
ther work done by old craftsmen.
On the work bench other pieces
0.: leather are being tooled, care-
fully and by a worker who feels
affection for his trade and for his
product. There is also a school of
short hand, a fully equipped prin-
ting shop. And all this with ma-
terials reclaimed from the des-
tructiGn of war!
It may ~eem strange that un-
detakings of this type should be
started at a time of stress like
this. But the work of the Staka-
nuv Brigade while supplying all it
can to the fight against fascism,
is also an institution which, by
the force of events, is laying the
basis of the reconstruction of
Spain.
THE MOVEMENT IS STILL
GROWING
The number of shops belonging
to the Brigade is already large,
the activities are many and they
range from automobile repairing
to body building, foundlY and
what we may call other underta-
kings cannot be mentioned now.
The workers are pledged to
work eight hours daily but they
voluntarily work several hours
more. The average is above 10.
THE VOLUNTEER FOR LIBERTY
Regarless of urgency of work, at
11.30 all work stops and the men
go to the class room in the buil-
ding where the most varied engi-
neering courses are given by com-
petent teachers, thomaelves mem-
bers of tha Brigade. These cour-
ses last two hours daily after
whith 2 more hours are taken for
meals and rest. A corps of me-
chanical engineers Is therefore
being built in the midst of a ra-
ging war against powerful inva-
ders. Classes in aeronautics have
also been started. New chemical
Stakanovist chemist at work
laboratories are being built. Eve-
l"ywhere the visitor notices a fee-
ling of pride, the certainty of vic-
tory ahead, and sees a new socie-
ty being born and in a measure
already functioning.
It was only after February 19th
that the Brigade became officially
incorporated in the Spanish Ar-
my and wages began to be paid.
It is only since the Brigade be-
gan to receive pay from the go-
vel'llement that their food star-
ted to come from the quartermas-
ters warehouses. Before then the
war zone was not only their ma-
terial supply base but also their
"Intendenoia". Not profit, not
stripes, not wagea were the in-
centive to work for them, but the
wlll to win and to create aNew
Spain, That spirit is inspiring now
other factories, And that is the
best guarantee of victory.
C. 1_ 0, BLANKS A_ F_ L
COUNCIL AT UNION
CONVENTIONS, 4-0
Definite steps toward affIlia-
tion with the Committee for In-
dustrial Orga.nization were taken
by the convention of the Maritime
Federation of the Paclf1c In Port-
land, Ore.
Harry Bridges, popular leaGer
of the longshoremen, presented
the convention with a proposal for
a referendum on C. I. O. affilla-
lion. His speech and that of John
Brophy, C. I. O. director, were
greeted enthusiastically by the
delegates.
LUMBERJACKS SEEK AID
TO CHOP DOWN FORDISM
DETROIT, Mlc.h.-''The JUkhi-
gan lumberjacks are getting th .. ir
share of "'ordl8lll!"
"Murder, beatings, and th ..
smashing of union haU_thsf's
what the s t r Ike r 8 are goln
through", David said. "Subsidia-
ries of the Ford mot.. r comptu"!,y
on much of the timber land of
northem Mlcl1lgan and the other
compBDip,s are borrowing a page
from thdr master. The murder
of the striking lumberjacks at
Newberr~' wa~ Fordlsm carrle:l t<J
its logical conclusions".
Apartme-nt house8 for ('olle<'tive
farm workers in the Kirov Collef>tl-
ve farm.
CLUBS, TEAR GAS RULE
MONRO~~CH,AFTER
ATTACK ON STRIKERS
MONROE, Mich., June H.-The
mayor and city commission of
Monroe, scene of one of the blttt'r-
est clashes of the steel strike,
transmitted to Governor Frank
Murphy tonight a formal demand
that the state mi1ltia be called
out.
A resolution adopted unani-
mously declared "local feeling 18
Intense and danger of bloodshed
Imminent".
It demanded the troops be soot
here on or before SWlCAy.
That Is the date set for a mass
meeting by the C. I. O. t<J protest
last u1ght's tear~lng of strike
pickets.
The protest meeting was ('ailed
by President Homer Martin of
the UniW Automobile \Vork.. rs.
He asked every local union in
Michigan, Ohio and Indiana to
send delegates.
PONTIAC, Mich. - Down In
Pontiac the 15,000 rent strikers
are holding firm. "Don't I .. t'.. m
kid you", says Odin JOhn.~OIl, ex-
auto work .. r and now attom.·y for
the U..\ "'. th,''''. "The)·'r.. not
paying r .. nt. Our rent offl.... j,
swamp,,,1 with landlords ('omlng
in to ("().nlplaln t f •
" THE VOLUNTEER FOR LIBERTY
THE CATALAN PEASANT -FARMER AND COlLECTIVISATION
As the Catalan land problem
differs somewhat from that of the
I'e8t of Soaln we hlll'e asl,ed a
Catalan agrarian expert to contri-
bute the following article.
When the democratic revolution
smashed the rebellion of the fas-
cists In Catalonia the peasants re-
ceived the land and so ended the
centuries old struggle of the pea-
sants against those who pre.v en-
ted them from enjoying the fruits
ot their labour. What s olution
has there been up to now to this
vital problem in Cat'llonia?
The problem s of enormous es-
tates such as exis ted in Extrema-
dura, Castile and Andalucla did
not exist. There was no dividing
up of enormous landed prope rties
In Catalonia. Approximately 80',;
of Catalan agriculture was con-
fined to rented farms of m a jor or
mlLLor importance. Moot of them
consisted of farms of twelve or
thirteen acres. Only in the north
of the provinces of Lerida and
Gerona were there esta tes of
75, 100 or 125 acres.
The r eason for this development
Is explained by the f act that Ca-
talan agri cuiture requires an in-
t E'ns ive cultivation of the SOil.
which hlL9 necess itall'd thl' spor -
tioning of land without mollifying-
the conditions of prOpl' rty, 112 '.;
of the total surface of C'a talon ia
is used for agricullurl' . m eadow
la nd. paslure and fo resl. Of this
area 3.522.387 acrc' a n' pas lur-
ag~. mountain and \\·ood . 369.-1i3
a cres arc uncultiva tabh" whi k
2.768.613 acr~s ar.. cUltivatcd . On-
ly a third part of lh,' s urfacc is
used f or cereal s . It is int('r estmg
to note how the cultivation is di-
vided up.
or the total surface de-
voted to agriculture :
Cereals .... .. .. .. .... .. . .... .. .
Vineyards ...... ... .. .. .. .. .. ..
Olives .. .... .. .... .. .... .. .. .. ..
Market Garden produce . . .
Root vege tables ............ ..
Plants used lD industry .. .
Kitch en gardens .. .. .. .. .... .
Orachards .................. ..
Artificial m eadows, fo -
rage .... ........... .... . .... .
Ther e are 200,000 families who
w ork the land in C'ltalonia . For-
merly their conditions were par-
ticularly hard and disclosed re-
lics of the fe udal system, as for
inslance, in the ··n !.bassa morta",
a clause by which the land retur-
ned to the owner without Indem-
nifi cation when through any type
1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
Th e uuiuu 01 til"
1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
of diffi l'lllly. like phylloxera for
cxa mp "'. th,' farm ~ r wal· unahle
to de liver a Cl' rlain proporti on of
the crop. InnumE'rable farmers
w e r \! driven from thei r farms by
laws such as this. Frequently as
much as half th~ harvest had to
be delivered to the landowner.
The principal abuse was there-
fore wiped out with the abclltioll
of lh,' a bsentee 13ndownc r. Sincc
July 18th the land has belonge:l
to the man who works it.
Because there existed few great
landlords the problem of expro-
pria tion had little importance in
Ca talonia. According t o the de-
crE'(' of the Republican Governm-
,'nt only those landlords who took
d irect or indirE'ct part in the fas-
cis t rebellion were expropriated.
Thc P opular Front Government
33.r>9 has givcn thc land to the pea-
:?3.04
~a n t.•. Thcrc as fa r as th e pea-
19.6;
s a nts w ere conce rned the revolu-
2.9;
ti nn cnl\('d in Ca t a lonia. and now
5.61
th e Slate helps the peasants by
.17
ev,' I'Y m('a ns in its pow er to ob-
1.i4
lain th,' bes t results of Its hbour.
8.07
T o some extremists this did not
5.15 appear enough. and Incited by the
slogans of the P . O. U . M., which In the PLAN OF VICTORY the
is Interested in destroying the PSU and .the UG'l' proposed the
union between the workers and following to the Government as an
peasants, they attempted to carry
agricultural policy :
out forced collectivsation.
The United Socialist Party, the "A just policy in the country-
Esquerra, Rabassalres Union, the side. A guarantee for the peasants
E stat CatalA and the U . G. T . to cultivate the land individually
are firmly opposed to this. By or collectively as they wish. The
level of production to be raised
by means of credits and directed
to the necessities of the war. The
" .. ' _ .
transactions to be regulated by co-
operatives and the organisation of
outside markets on a basis of
agreements between the Govern-
ments of the Generality and the
Republic."
A large number of the peasants
agree with this policy, as is ,seen
by their organisation. More than
100.000 families ar~ In the Union
of Rabassaires. the Catalan pea-
sant party, whose principles are
in accordance with the PSUC and
the UGT. Another 60.000 peasants
are organised in the Federation of
Land Workers (UGT).
The experiments in collectivlsa-
tion realised up to now, and chief_
1H'O lut eJ"1wt'auul makes til e diplomats rit up.
ly those made in the .July days
of 1936 confirm the policy expo-
sed above. Up to now the Govern-
Government decree all forced col-
ment hll.S registered 66 collectives.
lectivisation was rigourously for-
bidden. There is an agreement This figure does not represent the
between the United Socialist Par- total, but are bll.Sed on the re-
ty, the U . G. T .• the F . A. I . and plies received. A part of these re-
C. N . T .. f ormally confirmed on present land taken from fascists
Oct. 21. that the peasant has the to be cultivated by peasants in
right t o cultivate the earth In a common. lJ'his initiative of the pea-
family regim~ and that forced sants must be protected. On the
collectivisations are Inadmissible. ether hand some collectivisations
Why did the Government of Ca- have shown themselves incapable
talonia tak(' this position? The of lasting and were treated as pre-
Catalan pea ~a nt must work all his mature attempta.
life for a p :Gperty and in the end
A great step -forward was ta-
possesses the coveted earth, and
ken when all farmers were requi-
does not · wish In any way to 10fe
red by law to belong to one or
it . This w ish is easy t o un:1erstand .
other of the syndicates and so co-
Those who took part In the strug-
me directly under the MlDBtry of
g le against the fascist rebellion
Agriculture in th~ Govel'DJD~nt .
and who are now faithful tcf' the
The s e agricultural syndicates
Republic a.re to be r aspected. At
grant credits authorised by the
present agriculture must be deve-
Government, arrange transactions,
loped for the benefit of the coun-
and deal with Insurance against
try and so that the front may be
bad harvests etc.
su pplied with food . It is unfor-
To sum up in a single sentence:
tunately not poosslble to supply it
The Republic of the Popular Front
w ith sufficient machin~ ry because
has opened the road for the land
the factories have to make war
materials. Complete collectivisa- workers to a tine and promlsln&,
tion would therefore not be easy. future.
 THE VOLUNmER FOR LIBERTY

THE ·BANKERS ATTACK THE POPULAR FRONT

The following time table may the tlrst of a series of a1t11ta' ... _ Government, which thereupon obt- things the Government proposed
help comrades to understand the bates on the fina.nce plan. The "'"ed a vote of 346 against 247. that it would introduce legislation
causes of the Blum's Governm- ftnancla.l Commission of the Cham- to control speculation in banks
en t resignation. ber of Deputies listened to Uon THE CAl'lTM.l8T LINE UP and to repress tax frauds.
Ever since the Popular Gov- Blum's outline and finally propos- THEm Jo"ORCE8 On June 19 the French rejected
ernment hall been in o1ftce it hall ed an amendment limiting the Blum's proposals and by majority
The same day (June 16) (;00,- c rdered its own financfal Commis-
UlnWAllUlllmlllllllllUAlIIlIIlIRIlIlIIlIIlIDllllIIUlIIllIIlIIlIlIIllllllllUlIlIIlIIlIlIlIlIllIIlIlIIlIlIlI1I11111111111111111111111111 rades Thorez and Duclos of the
Communist Party had an inter- 11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111:11111111111111
view with Blwn. As u~() latter
stated that his financial plan
would mean fresh burden on the
working clalls such as increase
of railway fares, tobacco and po-
stage, the Communist Party dele-
gates as well 88 the C. P . Depu-
tie3 expressed their disapproval
but declared they would not break
Popular Front.
That night the Cbaanber of De-
puties voted a general resolution
contaIning these provisions; the
Government should maintaIn the
franc at the parity fixed by the
law of the 1st of october 1936 and
it should avoid governmental con-
trol of the rate of exchange. n
JllIUlIIlIIllIIlIIlIIIIlIIlIUlIUlIllIIlUlllllllWUlWllUlIIlUUlIIlllIIlIlUlHlillllllllUlIIlIlIlIlIlI1I111111111111111111111111111111111 should have power to take all ne- The Chamber 01 Deputies.
been periodically confronted by tl- Government's powem to the pre- 11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIHIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII
nancial crisis engineered 'by the sent session or at the latest until
200 families. and the Bank of July 23. This was accepted by sion to draw up a plan which was
France. These critIis have had Prime Minister Blum with the re- finally accepted by the Senate
for object a damaging of the Gov- sult that the of the finance Com- with a vote of 198 against 82.
ernment's credit, the diminishing mission declared itself In favor of A detailed analysis of the Se-
of its income, the creation of gen- granting powers to the Governm- nate'oS proposalll is not possible
eral financial difficulties through ent by majority of 22 to 16. 'I'he here because of the technicality,
the export of capital. etc. In ord- two most important speeches nevertheless lUI Blum declared
er to combat this. the Blum's Gov- were those of ),{oDB!eur Auriol they were ai~ at a complete
ernment had to demand from the (Socialist Party J.linister of Fi- paralysation of the Popular Front
Chamber of deputies and the nances) and of L~on Blum. ),{on- Government. On the 21st Blum
French senate full ' powers to in- sieur Auriol aaid that the present announced the reSignation of Its
troduce new financial measures. financial attack follOWed the same Government in the Chamber of
On June the 15th there was lines and came from the same Deputies_
A111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 quarters as those of 1924, 1926 Monsieul· Chautemps was then
and 1935. He declared that rec· Invited to found a new Govern -
ently over 50.000 millions of francs ment and eventu9.lly succeded
had gone abroad and he demanded giving eleven ministers to radi-
powers to defeat this attempt to cals and nine to Socialists.
panic people and to put an end
to tax frauds . The Prime Mini- Jacques Duclos, lood.""
Comm""...t,
WRY DID THE SENATE BRIN(;
ster declared that the capitalist deputy in Fra...,8.
object was to break up the Pop- DOWN TIOIl GOVERNMENT ~
ular Front and to recover on the 11111111111111111111111111111: 1111111111111111111111111111111111111
ccenomic and financial field what The conn..ctlon betWet>ll this
cessary measures to secure public e,-",nt and t.h.. meeting of th .. two
it had lost on the poll tical. He
finances and to protect savings Work.. rs International Is so c1o~fl
said that capital WdS created by
and public credit, without proced- in point of time that the S<>nate'~
the workers and had no right ing to obligatory conversions of
to strike against them. The c,)posltlon Is quite clearly tht; CJ' -
national loans. ,,!talist counter-attack to the mo-
debate went on all night until The following practical meas-
the entry of the Communist De- , 'ement towards prolflt.lri:ul Moll·
ures were then decided upon: the darity. At the ..am,· tilr,e " .. mllst
puties at 4,50 a . m. who demand- steepening of taxes on incomes point out that as result of B1mn
ed a suspension of the debate. above 60.000 franc's broadening of resignation the French (lO\'l~rll.
The House was adjourned and at tax basis, and increased railway ment no longer hlL~ a maj, ·city'!
6,15 the Communist Party anno- fares, wireles lees dues, gas and mlnlsters controlled by 'he So-
Lllon Blum. unced that it would support the electricity prices. Amongst other cond Inten1&tionai.
6 THE VOLUNTEER FOR LIBERTY
NEW S
JUll c' 18. · The B elgian Workers
Par t " I Se cond International)
blu li l 'y l'('jeet~ meeting with Bel-
gian <.·... ll\lllllnis t Party on Spanish
issu,' , ,mel o rders socialists to
withtlra w from all existent co-or-
lIination committees.
Jun e 19. - In the possession of
a ~-r e n c h arms dealer b~ : onging'
to D e La Roque's Fascist Party,
arrested for arms smuggling,
were found documents showing
th .• t a deal was planned involving
twentytwo tanks, twenty chaser
p I a n e 09 , 12.000 machine guns,
20.000 submachine gun s a n "
200.000 rifles.
June 22.-Soviet aviators achie-
ved non-stop flight from Mos : ow-
Vancouver by the North Pole.
June 21.-· De Brouk~re announ-
ces his forthcoming resignation
from the direction of the Second
International.
June 23. --Barcelona police con-
tinue arrests of introllables and
Trotskytes, det'lining "tipos" who
In Nj~" r oll(,bl e 8
keep ."Itcy 1dth yu·
vencmf'nt forces.
rpOtentl y tried to assault various
d epa r t m e n t s of the Military
School.
June 24. Spanish SocialiBt Pa\,-
ty :lnd CommuniBt Party mak e
fresh appeal to Second and Third
Internationals for immediate help,
t he same day the ~econd Inter-
Mtional and the I. F . T. U., lIe-
clare Non·Intervention must be
hrough t to an end .
."'n" 26. The Catalan Govern-
ment r('signs. New Goverment Is
""r (' ded to be formed on M onday.
.J:, n~
26.·· .. The Spanish Gover-
mu:t l'eplie.~ t o Eden's note of the
16 th ., in effect r ejecting Four
I'ow,' r Pact '~ lIemands unl"s.~ ac-
cIl:npar,ieu by guarantees on sa-
IN
fety of Spanish shiPB ports and
cities fro:n attack by German and
Italian warshi'PB, and assurances
that fascist fleets will not conti-
nue to help Franco.
June 21. - BritiBh and French
Government announce they will
continue Control without Germa-
ny and Itatly.
June, 27.-- The South Wales Mi-
ners Federation in Congress at
Cardiff demands a change of po-
licy towards Spain, in line with
that rec~ntly outlined by the So-
cialist and Trade Union Internatio-
nals. The Congress called on the
U. T. C. for an all union confe-
rence to mobilise all elements for
this work.
June. 27. --- In a discourse on his
so-called Four Years Plan addres_
sed to 80.000 Assault troops at
Wurzburg, Hitler said bluntiy
"Germany :leeds to import iron
ore. For this reason we desire a
Na' ionalist Government in Spain,
in orller that we may acquire Spa-
nish iran ore ". This stateml'nt and
the general tone of !iercc hostili-
ty to England, was much com-
mente<! on by conservative newS-
paper in London.
June 28. - - It is undl'rstood ill
well informed political circle" that
De Brouckere's And Adler's resi-
gnation from the Secund Interna-
tional was due to Labour Party
and D elgian S08ialist conllemlla-
tir:n <.f the unity proposals bet-
ween the two Intel'llationals.
June, 28. - - The Executive Com-
mittee of the Second Internatiunal
refuses to accept the resignatiun
of De Brouckere, presillent ; All_
Ier, secretary and Rousdrofk, who
have been severely criticisell by
the British Labor Party and the
Belgian Socialist Party for agree-
ing to meet the 3d International.
The Executive Corr.mittee said
that their resignation would com-
promise the success of actions be
taken,
June, 28, -The Danish Govern-
ment has prohibited the building
of two >!hips intended for war u~e
which the ~pani.sh rebels had
B RI EF
commissioned from a Danish ship- Public 8ervice8, Garcia Oliver,
builder. Franco loses hiB deposit. C. N. T. (Formerly Minister in the
Largo Caballero Govt.)
June, 28.-Plerre Cot. French Economy, Jose Izglea, C. N. T .
Minister of air has sent the fo_
8ltpplie8, Miguel Serra Paniel,
llowing telegram to the Soviet Go-
United Socialist Party (Affiliated
vanment:
3d International).
"I beg you to give my warm
J'~tice, Rafael Vidiella, United
Socialist Party.
Laboltr and P"blic Work." Juan
Comorera, United Socialist Party
(of which he is the leader).
A!ldclt/tlt"e, Jose Calvet, Rabas-
saLres Union.
Minister witholtt portfoliO, Pe-
dro Bosh Gimpera, Indepentent.
It iB noteworthy that the C. N.
T , is thus co-operating in a go-
vernment similar to the Valencia
Govt ., alRO that the United Socia_
list Party members, are now en-
tering as such, whereas before
they were called U . G . T. men:.-
bers, The Economic posts are dis-
tributed , one to the Esquerra, one
to the Rabassaire.s IShar" - crop-
p,' rs), which acc ept the United So-
C'ialist Party policy for the land ,
I.o/lr.. lit· /lmud:t'rc. and one to the C. N. T . Note a l-
so that the Ministry of War haH
cong.ratulations to the aviatory been abolished, this Departme nt
Chckaluff, Haiduk"ff anI Uclia- curning under the Valencia Go-
koff for their admil'able Moscow- vernment .
Vancouver flight , whieh has lIe-
mOllstrate<l the high quality of the
YD3.lcrial l'mploy!'d and the mas-
terly skill of the crew which has
cal'l'ied out the flight." No doubt
other Governments, less friendly to
the Sovie t Union have noticed the
"high quality of the malt'l'ial and
masterly skill".
Jun,', 28. At hall plI •• ' nine at
night was published a liHt of nl'\\'
minist,' l's uf the' Catalan Govt'rn-
ment. It is as follows:
Prill"''' milli.' /cl', Luis Companys
(Pr!'sidt.'nt of the Catalan Repu-
blic).
Cotnmerce and TI'r.{tSU.fY, Juan
Tara,kllas, Esquerra IC a t alan
Left).
Hom/! "ffice alld Dept. "I 8111fl',
Antonio Maria Sbert, Esquerra .
C"l1ll1'e, Pi i Suner, F,squerr-a
1:o.Iayor of Barcelona).
f[l 111111, Villa!, C. N . T.