Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
H HTA 1
A2 Edad ≥ 75 2
D Diabetes 1
S2 ACV-‐AIT o tromboembolia 2
V Enfermedad vascular 1
A Edad ≥ 65 1
2
o
mayor
(alto
riesgo
de
ACV)
NACO
o
warfarina
con
RIN
2-‐3
NCDR
PINNACLE
registry
En
el
mundo
real…
más
de
1/3
de
pacientes
con
FA
CHA2DS2-‐VASc
≥2
son
tratados
solo
con
AAS
By pass reciente
No tratamiento
ninguna
circunstancia
ACV Si/No
Sangrado Si/No
Drogas Si/No
Alcohol
Si/No
Cascada
Casacada
Intrínseca
Extrínseca
XI
VII
Fibrinógeno
Fibrina
Nuevos
anticoagulantes
orales
Drug, dose Dabigatran, 150 mg bid Rivaroxaban, 20 mg daily Apixaban, 5 mg bid Edoxaban, 60/30 mg daily
Adjusted dose? No Yes, at randomization only: Yes, at randomization only: Yes, at randomization and
15 mg daily if CrCl 2.5 mg bid if 2 of: age during study: both doses halved
30–49 ml/min $80 yrs, weight <60 kg, if any 1 of the following:
SCr $1.5 mg/dl CrCl 30–50 ml/min, weight
#60 kg, use of verapamil,
quinidine, or dronedarone
Design Randomized open-label Randomized double-blind, Randomized double-blind, Randomized double-blind,
double-dummy double-dummy double-dummy
Mean age, yrs 71.5 73 70 72
Prior stroke/ transient ischemic 20% 55% 19% 28%
attack/systemic embolism
Mean CHADS2 2.2 3.5 2.1 2.8
Warfarin-naïve 50.4% 37.6% 43% 41%
Comparator warfarin INR 2–3 67% TTR (median) 58% TTR (median) 66% TTR (median) 68% (median)
Comparator Warfarin INR 2–3 64% TTR (mean) 55% TTR (mean) 62% TTR (mean) 65% (mean)
Outcome, RR (95% CI)
Stroke/systemic embolism 0.66 (0.53–0.82) 0.88 (0.75–1.03) 0.79 (0.66–0.95) 0.88 (0.75–1.03)
Ischemic stroke 0.76 (0.60–0.98) 0.94 (0.75–1.17) 0.92 (0.74–1.13) 1.00 (0.83–1.19)
Hemorrhagic stroke 0.26 (0.14–0.49) 0.59 (0.37–0.93) 0.51 (0.35–0.75) 0.54 (0.38–0.77)
Major bleeding 0.93 (0.81–1.07) 1.04 (0.90–1.20) 0.69 (0.60–0.80) 0.80 (0.71–0.91)
Intracranial hemorrhage 0.40 (0.27–0.60) 0.67 (0.47–0.93) 0.42 (0.30–0.58) 0.47 (0.34–0.63)
Gastrointestinal bleeding 1.50 (1.19–1.89) 1.39 (1.19–1.61) 0.89 (0.70–1.15) 1.23 (1.02–1.50)
Cardiovascular mortality 0.85 (0.72–0.99) 0.89 (0.73–1.10) 0.89 (0.76–1.04) 0.86 (0.77–0.97)
All-cause mortality 0.88 (0.77–1.00) 0.85 (0.70–1.02) 0.89 (0.80–0.998) 0.92 (0.83–1.01)
Ensayos
clínicos
con
NACO
en
FA
T A B L E 2 Summary of Selected DOACs Clinical Trials
Estimate creatinine clearance (CrCl) using Cockcroft-Gault formula: ([140 – age] " weight [in kg] " 0.85 if female)/(72 " creatinine [in mg/dl]). *Results are shown
NACO
vs
Warfarina
Rocket
AF
(Rivar0xaban
vs
warfarina
in
non
valvular
atrial
fibrillation)
The n e w e ng l a n d j o u r na l of m e dic i n e
70 4
Warfarin As prespecified in the statistical-analysis plan,
we analyzed the trial data in a variety of ways be-
60 3
Rivaroxaban
cause we anticipated that some patients would
50
2 discontinue the study treatment and we wished to
40
1 2.1
%
por
año
evaluate both noninferiority and superiority. Al-
30 though an intention-to-treat analysis is the stan-
0
20 0 120 240 360 480 600 720 840 dard method for assessing superiority in a ran-
10 N
Engl
J
Med
2011;
364:
883
domized trial, noninferiority is best established
when patients are actually taking the randomized
0
0 120 240 360 480 600 720 840 treatment.16-19 Thus, the primary analysis was per-
Days since Randomization formed in the per-protocol population during re-
No. at Risk ceipt of the randomly assigned therapy. In the
Rocket
AF
(Rivar0xaban
vs
warfarina
ne w ien
ngl naon
nd jou valvular
atrial
r na l m e dic
The i ne fibrillation)
of
* All analyses of rates of bleeding are based on the first event in the safety population during treatment.
† Hazard ratios are for the rivaroxaban group as compared with the warfarin group and were calculated N
with
Engl
the Juse
Mofed
Cox
2 011;
364:
883
proportional-hazards
models with the study group as a covariate.
‡ Two-sided P values are for superiority in the rivaroxaban group as compared with the warfarin group.
On-‐Treatment
Outcomes
In
Patients
With
Worsening
Renal
Function
With
Rivaroxaban
Compared
With
Warfarin
Insights
From
ROCKET
AF
Worsening Renal Function With Rivaroxaban Versus Warfarin
ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Rivaroxaban
se
ARTICLE
asoció
a
menores
tasas
de
ACV
y
embolias
periféricas
sin
aumento
de
sangrados
Figure 1. Forest plot of treatment hazard ratios (HRs) by renal function category.
CI indicates confidence interval; hbg, hemoglobin; ICH, intracranial hemorrhage; MI, myocardial infarction; NMCR, nonmajor Circulation.
2016;134:37-‐47.
clinically relevant; pt-years; patient-years; SE, systemic embolism; SRF, stable renal function; V-death, vascular death; and WRF,
Variabilidad
de
la
respuesta
a
Warfarina
Edad
Sexo
BMI
Medicaciones
Alimentos
Genotipo
TTR <58
Dosis
en
FANV
150
mg
*2
20
mg/dia
con
la
5
mg*2
cena
IR
Cl
Cr
15-‐30
ml/m:
75
mg
15-‐50
ml/m:
15
mg
>80
a,
<60
K,
Cr
>
<15:
no
usar
con
la
comida
1.5:
2.5
mg*2
IH
No
modificar
en
IH
Evitar
en
IH
No
usar
en
IH
severa
moderada
moderada
o
asociada
a
coagulopatía
Interacciones
No
usar
con
No
usar
con
No
usar
con
inductores
de
GP-‐P
inhibidores
o
inhibidores
o
(rifampicina)
inductores
de
inductores
de
CYP3A4
y
GP-‐P
CYP3A4
y
GP-‐P
Efectos
adversos
Dispepsia
y
Sangrados
Sangrados
sangrados
JACC VOL. 65, NO. 13, 2015 Kov
APRIL 7, 2015:1340–60 Practical Anticoagulation in Patients
Interacciones
medicamentosas
T A B L E 4 Selected Drug Interactions With Direct Acting Oral Anticoagulants*
Rivaroxaban
Mechanism of Drug Interaction Dabigatran (Pradaxa) (107) (Xarelto) (108) Apixaban (Eliquis) (109) Edoxaba
Carbamazepine Strong inducer of CYP3A4 Avoid use Avoid use Avoid use No specific
and P-gp
Clarithromycin Strong inhibition of CYP3A4 No adjustment needed No adjustment Reduce dose from 5 mg twice No specific
and P-gp needed daily to 2.5 mg twice daily
If on 2.5 mg twice daily,
discontinue apixaban
Dronedarone P-gp inhibitor With CrCl 30–50 ml/min, No specific No specific recommendations No adjustm
reduce dose to 75 mg recommendations
twice daily
Itraconazole Strong inhibition of CYP3A4 No adjustment needed Avoid use Reduce dose from 5 mg twice No specific
and P-gp daily to 2.5 mg twice daily
If on 2.5 mg twice daily,
discontinue apixaban
Ketoconazole Strong inhibition of CYP3A4 With CrCl 30–50 ml/min, Avoid use Reduce dose from 5 mg twice No specific
and P-gp reduce dose to 75 mg daily to 2.5 mg twice daily
twice daily If on 2.5 mg twice daily,
discontinue apixaban
Phenytoin Strong inducer of CYP3A4 Avoid use Avoid use Avoid use No specific
and P-gp
Rifampin Strong inducer of CYP3A4 Avoid use Avoid use Avoid use Avoid use
and P-gp
Ritonavir Strong inhibition of CYP3A4 No adjustment needed Avoid use Reduce dose from 5 mg twice No specific
and P-gp daily to 2.5 mg twice daily
If on 2.5 mg twice daily,
discontinue apixaban
St. John’s wort Strong inducer of CYP3A4 Avoid use Avoid use Avoid use No specific
and P-gp
*This is not a comprehensive list of all drug interactions. Please refer to individual medication manufacturer prescribing information for complete information. Estimate creatinine
Cockcroft-Gault formula: ([140 – age] ! weight [in kg] ! 0.85 if female)/(72 ! creatinine [in mg/dl]).
Monitoreo
de
NACO
De
NACO
a
parenteral
Empezar
al
momento
de
Empezar
al
momento
de
CL
Cr
>30,
a
las
12
hs
de
siguiente
dosis
de
A
siguiente
dosis
de
R
la
última
dosis
<30
a
las
24
hs
Prodroga NO SI NO
AVERROES
Trial
Circulation. 2016;134:48-51. Downloaded
DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.022994
from http://circ.ahajournals.org/ by WALTER TA
Incidencia
de
sangrados
y
tromboembolias
según
función
renal
Incidence Rate Ratios for Primary and Secondary Endpoints by GFR Categories and All Patients
FIGURE 1
GFR (mL/min/1.73m2)
All patients
<30 30-59 60-89 ≥90
Primary endpoints
Major bleeding 3.58 (1.48-8.65)** 0.77 (0.50-1.17) 0.39 (0.25-0.62)*** 0.28 (0.10-0.81)* 0.57 (0.43-0.76)***
Secondary endpoints
Intracranial bleeding 0.25 (0.06-1.06) 0.29 (0.08-1.00)* 0.62 (0.07-5.70) 0.30 (0.12-0.70)**
GI bleeding 4.50 (1.60-12.68)** 0.97 (0.60-1.57) 0.48 (0.29-0.81)** 0.19 (0.04-0.81)* 0.69 (0.50-0.94)*
Paso
3
Reparación
Ver
necesidad
de
reparación
quirúrgica
Paso
4
Reversión
NACO
Antagonistas
Vit
K
Complejo
F4-‐PT[]
Vit
K
(Fs
II,
IX,
X)
PFC
(Fs
II,
IX,
X,
VII)
Complejo
F4-‐PT
[]
aPT[]
(Fs
VIIa,
naFs
II,
Plaquetas
IX,
X)
Plaquetas
Exámenes
de
laboratorio
para
evaluar
actividad
anticoagulante
Dabigatran: aPTT
Rivaroxaban
Apixaban TP
Edoxaban
Exámenes
de
laboratorio
para
evaluar
actividad
Table.
anticoagulante
Assays Available to Measure Plasma Levels In p
of the DOACs ban, th
with an
Target Drug Test Manufacturers
In the o
Thrombin Dabigatran Diluted thrombin Hyphen-BioMed, anet Al
time Neuville-Sur-Oise, Have A
France
TT
normal
identifie
Instrument Laboratory, a bolus
excluye
[D]
Bedford, MA is colle
Ecarin Diagnostica Stago, factor
chromogenic Asnieres, France this inf
assay termine
Factor Xa Rivaroxaban Calibrated Hyphen-BioMed taking
anti–factor Xa Instrument Laboratory in prac
ministr
Diagnostica Stago
informa
Technoclone, Vienna, levels a
Austria way to
Apixaban Calibrated Hyphen-BioMed culate
anti–factor Xa Diagnostica Stago the ext
Technoclone has no
idaruci
Edoxaban Calibrated Diagnostica Stago
United
anti–factor Xa (not yet commercially
available)
able, c
agents
DOAC indicates direct oral anticoagulant. Can
Antídotos
Idarucizumab
(RE-‐VERSE
AD)
Tiempo
Se
requiere
hemostasia
normal
y
cirugía
en
<24
horas?
RE-‐LY: el riesgo de sangrado mayor aumenta cuando se agregan antiplaquetarios
ARISTOTLE: el riesgo de sangrado aumenta cuando se combinan antiagregantes
RE-‐DUAL PCI: dabigatran +inhibidor P2Y12 vs warfarina + inhibidor P2Y12 +AAS 100
0-‐12
m
>12
m
desde
desde
SCA
SCA
<1
mes
con
stent
de
metal
>1
mes
con
stent
de
metal
<6
meses
con
stent
con
drogas
>6
meses
con
stent
con
drogas
Warfarina
y
DAPT
(triple
terapia
lo
más
corta
DAPT
posible
dependiendo
de
sola
stent
programado
vs
SCA)
Queda
algún
lugar
en
la
terapéutica
para
inhibidores
de
vitamina
K?
Prótesis mecánica
HBPM 24 horas
Dabigatran
Reiniciar
a
las
24
horas
de
Reiniciar
48-‐72
horas
de
la
cirugía
150
mg
*2.
En
pacientes
de
alto
la
cirugía
150
mg*2
riesgo
embólico
1
dosis
diaria
de
110-‐150
mg
a
partir
de
las
12
horas
de
la
cirugía,
durante
las
primeras
48
horas
Rivar0xaban
Reiniciar
a
las
24
horas
de
Reiniciar
48-‐72
horas
de
la
cirugía
20
mg
1
vez
al
día.
En
pacientes
de
la
cirugía
20
mg
1
vez
al
día
alto
riesgo
embólico
1
dosis
diaria
de
10
mg
a
partir
de
las
12
horas
de
la
cirugía,
durante
las
primeras
48
horas
Apixaban
Reiniciar
a
las
24
horas
de
Reiniciar
48-‐72
horas
de
la
cirugía
5
mg
*2.
En
pacientes
de
alto
riesgo
la
cirugía
5
mg
*2
embólico
1
dosis
diaria
de
2.5*2
mg
a
partir
de
las
12
horas
de
la
cirugía,
durante
las
primeras
48
horas
Anticoagulación
Puente
Los
anticoagulantes
orales
no
deben
interrumpirse
en
procedimientos
de
bajo
riesgo
de
sangrado
Debe
considerarse
el
puente
en
pacientes
de
alto
riesgo
de
tromboembolia
sin
excesivo
riesgo
de
sangrado.
Aquellos
con
bajo
riesgo
de
tromboembolia
no
deben
puentearse
El
riesgo
de
tromboembolia
periprocedimiento
en
general,
es
muy
bajo
Los
casos
intermedios
deben
analizarse
individualmente
En
general
el
riesgo
de
sangrado
es
mayor
que
el
riesgo
de
embolia
Debe
considerarse
si
aún
es
necesaria
la
anticoagulación
Debe
evaluarse
posponer
cirugía
hasta
que
disminuya
riesgo
de
tromboembolia
“BRIDGE
TRIAL”
N Y
N Y
Y N
Y N
N Y
Considerar
6-‐8
horas
Reiniciar
riesgo
de
Reiniciar
después
de
una
NACO
sangrado
frente
NACO
hemostasia
a
riesgo
de
completa
embolias
NACO
y
pruebas
de
laboratorio
Duration
Trial Name (Ref. #) Design Treatments (months) Patients TTR (%) Efficacy Outcome Safety Outcome
RE-COVER, DB Enoxa/dabigatran 6 2,539 acute VTE 60 Recurrent VTE or VTE- Major/clinically relevant
2009 (37) (150 mg bid) related death: nonmajor bleeding:
Enoxa/warfarin 2.4% enoxa/dabigatran, 5.6% dabigatran,
2.1% enoxa/warfarin 8.8% warfarin
RE-COVER II, DB Enoxa/dabigatran 6 2,539 acute VTE 57 Recurrent VTE or fatal PE: Major/clinically relevant
2011 (38) (150 mg bid) 2.3% dabigatran, nonmajor bleeding:
Enoxa/warfarin 2.2% warfarin 5.0% dabigatran,
7.9% warfarin
EINSTEIN-DVT, Open-label Rivaroxaban (15 mg bid 3, 6, or 12 3,449 acute DVT 58 Recurrent VTE: Major/clinically relevant
2010 (39) for 3 weeks, then 2.1% rivaroxaban, nonmajor bleeding:
20 mg od) 3.0% enoxa/warfarin 8.1% rivaroxaban,
Enoxaparin/VKA 8.1% enoxa/warfarin
EINSTEIN-PE, Open-label Rivaroxaban (15 mg bid 3, 6, or 12 4832 acute PE 63 Recurrent VTE: Major/clinically relevant
2012 (40) for 3 weeks, then 2.1% rivaroxaban, nonmajor bleeding:
20 mg od) 1.8% enoxa/VKA 10.3% rivaroxaban,
Enoxa/VKA 11.4% enoxa/VKA
AMPLIFY, DB Apixaban (10 mg bid for 6 5,395 acute VTE 61 Recurrent VTE or VTE- Major bleeding:
2013 (41) 7 days, then 5 mg bid) related death: 0.6% apixaban,
Enoxa/warfarin 2.3% apixaban, 1.8% enoxa/warfarin
2.7% enoxa/VKA
Hokusai, DB LMWH/edoxaban (60 mg #12 8,292 acute VTE 63 Recurrent VTE: Major/clinically relevant
2013 (42) od or 30 mg od) 3.2% enoxa/edoxaban, nonmajor bleeding:
UFH or LMWH/warfarin 3.5% enoxa/warfarin 8.5% enoxa/edoxaban,
10.3% enoxa/warfarin
AMPLIFY ¼ Efficacy and Safety Study of Apixaban for the Treatment of Deep Vein Thrombosis or Pulmonary Embolism; bid ¼ once daily; DB ¼ double-blind; DVT ¼ deep vein thrombosis; enoxa ¼ enoxaparin;
Becattini,
C.
et
al.
J
Am
Coll
Cardiol.
2016;67(16):1941–55.
EINSTEIN-DVT ¼ Oral Direct Factor Xa Inhibitor Rivaroxaban in Patients With Acute Symptomatic deep vein thrombosis; EINSTEIN-PE ¼ Oral Direct Factor Xa Inhibitor Rivaroxaban in Patients With Acute
Symptomatic Pulmonary Embolism; HOKUSAI ¼ Comparative Investigation of Low Molecular Weight (LMW) Heparin/Edoxaban Tosylate (DU176b) Versus (LMW) Heparin/Warfarin in the Treatment of
Symptomatic Deep-Vein Blood Clots and/or Lung Blood Clots; LMWH ¼ low-molecular-weight heparin; NOAC ¼ new oral anticoagulant agent; od ¼ once daily; PE ¼ pulmonary embolism; RE-COVER ¼
1952
Ensayos
clínicos
con
NACO
en
TVP
Becattini and Agnelli
New Anticoagulant Agents for Venous Thromboembolism
JACC VOL. 67, NO. 16, 2016
APRIL 26, 2016:1941–55
(tratamiento extendido)
TABLE 5 Main Results of Phase III Studies With NOACs for Extended Treatment of VTE
Duration
NOAC (Ref. #) Study N Treatment (months) Efficacy Outcome Safety Outcome
Dabigatran RE-MEDY 2,856 Dabigatran 150 mg bid vs. 18–36 Recurrent VTE: 1.8% with Major bleeding: 0.9% with
(85) warfarin (INR 2–3) dabigatran, 1.3% with dabigatran, 1.8% with
warfarin warfarin
RESONATE 1,343 Dabigatran 150 mg bid vs. 6 Recurrent VTE: 0.4% with Major bleeding: 0.3% with
placebo dabigatran, 5.6% with dabigatran, 0 with
warfarin placebo
Rivaroxaban EINSTEIN-extension 602 Rivaroxaban 20 mg daily 6 or 12 Recurrent VTE: 1.3% with Major bleeding: 0.7% with
(39) vs. placebo rivaroxaban, 7.1% with rivaroxaban, 0 with
placebo placebo
Apixaban (86) AMPLIFY-extension 2,486 Apixaban 2.5 mg bid vs. 12 Recurrent VTE and death: Major bleeding: 0.2% with
placebo 1.7% with apixaban, apixaban, 0.5% with
8.8% with placebo placebo
Apixaban 5 mg twice daily Recurrent VTE and death: Major bleeding: 0.1% with
vs. placebo 1.7% with apixaban, apixaban, 0.5 % with
8.8% with placebo placebo
RESONATE ¼ Twice-daily Oral Direct Thrombin Inhibitor Dabigatran Etexilate in the Long Term Prevention of Recurrent Symptomatic VTE; other abbreviations as in Tables 1 and 3.
Becattini,
C.
et
al.
J
Am
Coll
Cardiol.
2016;67(16):1941–55.
F I G U R E 1 VTE and the NOACs
Elderly:
No specific dose adjustment
tested in clinical trials
Pregnancy-breast feeding:
Limited evidence available