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Transformer Protection Relay GRT100

(Relay case Type-A)

We reserve the right to introduce improvements in the course of technical development.


GRT100
FEATURES GRT100 has two models, which differ according to the
number of three-phase current inputs for differential
■Fully numerical transformer protection
protection.
■Current differential protection for two- or three winding
transformers
■High-set differential over current protection Model 100
--- For 2-winding transformers requiring
■No interposing CTs required 2 three-phase current inputs
■CT ratio and vector group compensation
■Restricted earth fault protection --- For 3-winding transformers and all
■Time-over current protection Model 200 power transformers requiring 3
■Thermal overload protection three-phase current inputs
■Overexcitation protection
■Frequency protection Transformer configuration and applicable model:
■Configurable binary outputs
■Automatic monitoring
■Metering and recording functions
■Menu-driven human interfaces
■Two serial ports for a local PC and a remote PC
■IRIG-B port for external clock

APPLICATION

GRT100 is a numerical transformer protection relay, which


can be applied for two- or three-winding power transformers,
autotransformers and generator-transformer units.

GRT100 provides the six protection schemes.

■ The current differential protection is applied for fast and


selective main protection. This protection requires no
interposing CTs and provides stability against magnetizing
inrush and over excitation.
■ The restricted earth fault protection detects internal earth
faults where the transformer star point is directly or low
impedance earthed and can be applied on high- and
low-voltage side respectively.
■ The time-over current protection is mainly used as backup
protection and can be applied on high- and low-voltage
side respectively.
■ The thermal overload protection protects the insulation
against thermal stress and provides two independently set
levels for alarm and tripping.
■ The over excitation protection provides alarm and tripping.
■ The frequency protection operates on over frequency and
under frequency and provides load shedding.

GRT100 provides the following metering and recording


functions.
■ Metering
■ Fault recording
■ Event recording
■ Disturbance recording

GRT100 provides the following human interfaces for relay RELAY FUNCTIONS
setting or viewing of stored data.
■ Relay front panel: LCD, LED display and operation keys
■ Local PC ■ Current Differential Protection
■ Remote PC GRT100 provides fast, selective protection for two- and
three winding transformers. It has three phase-segregated
The relay can be accessed from a local PC or a remote PC differential elements, each with a dual-slope percentage
through communication ports. A local PC can be connected differential characteristic as shown in Figure 1.
to the relay via the RS232C port on the front fascia of the
relay and a remote PC can be connected to the relay through
the RS485 port at the rear of the relay.

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▲ Fig. 2 hardware block diagram

▲ Fig. 1 Percentage differential element ▲ Fig. 2 Characteristic of REF

Slope 1 provides sensitivity to low-level faults. For ■ Time-over current Protection


higher-level faults, slope 2 with increased bias
compensates for the effects of CT saturation. The over current protection can be applied to two or three
windings for phase to phase faults, and neutral points of the
GRT100 includes internal vector group compensation and transformer for phase to earth faults on the high- and
CT ratio correction, so that the relay requires no interposing low-voltage side to provide backup protection. The inverse
CTs. time over current elements conform to either of three IEC
Standard characteristics (Standard inverse, Very inverse,
During periods of transformer energization, the use of a and Extremely inverse) or a Long-time inverse
second harmonic restraint method blocks the relay characteristics. The characteristics of each element are
operation. shown in Figure 3.

When the transformer is overexcited due to a transient The high-set over current element provides an
power system disturbance, the use of a fifth harmonic instantaneous or definite time over current protection.
restraint method blocks the relay operation.

■ High-set Differential Over current


Protection
GRT100 also includes high-set unrestrained over current
element applied in the differential circuit and ensures rapid
clearance of heavy internal faults.

■ Restricted Earth Fault Protection


Employing residual current of each winding and neutral
point current, Restricted Earth Fault (REF) protection
provides a highly sensitive differential protection for earth
faults in a transformer that has a star point is directly
earthed or low impedance earthed.

The REF element has a dual slope percentage


characteristic as shown in Figure 2 and the independent
elements can be applied for each transformer winding.

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GRT100
Thermal image:
I2-lp2
Trip: t=τ·In
I2-(klB)2

(l2-lp2)(1-TA/ τ)
Alarm: t= τ·In
l2-(klB)2
where
t: Operating time
τ: Thermal time constant
k: Constant
I: Relay current
IB: Basic current
Ip: Specified load current before the overload occurs
TA:Time for alarm

▲ Fig. 4 Characteristic of thermal overload element

■ Frequency Protection
GRT100 has two frequency elements, which provide the
▲ Fig. 3 Characteristics of inverse time delayed over current element
following schemes:
■ Under frequency protection
■Over frequency protection
■Thermal Overload Protection (alarming
and/or tripping)
■ Over excitation Protection
The characteristics are exponential functions according to
IEC 60255-8 standards and take into account the 12R A single phase-to-phase connected voltage input is
losses due to the particular operational current and the provided to detect over excitation. Alarms and tripping,
simultaneous cooling due to the coolant. In this way the based on a measurement of the voltage/frequency ratio are
tripping time during an overload condition takes the provided. The voltage/frequency ratio is calculated using
pre-overload into consideration. An alarm can be set to per unit quantities. The alarm is definite time delayed whilst
the characteristic may be selected as either having a
definite time or an inverse time delay, as shown in Figure 5.

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HARDWARE
Figure 7 shows the hardware block diagram of the relay.
The relay has a multiple microprocessor design. The
microprocessors perform software functions such as signal
processing, protection algorithm, scheme logic, output relay
control and handling of the human interface.
Analog inputs include phase current inputs, residual current
inputs and phase voltage inputs. The number of analog inputs
depends on the model of the relay.
The internal auxiliary transformers are used to isolate, step
down and condition the inputs from the VT and CTs. Their
output signals are then converted into digital data for further
processing. The front panel contains a 4 x 40 character, liquid
crystal display (LCD) and 19 pushbutton keys to provide local
access to the relay menu. There are also 8 light emitting
▲Fig. 5 Characteristic of over excitation diodes (LED) for visual indication of the status of the relay.
The relay provides three communication ports: RS232C for
connection of a local PC, RS485 for a remote PC and IRIG-B
■ AC Inputs and Protection Elements for an external clock.
Figure 6 shows the typical relationship between the AC inputs
and protection elements.

▲ Fig. 7 hardware block diagram

The terminal blocks are located at the rear of the relay


providing connections for all input/output circuits.
The relay is housed in a type-A case, suitable for either rack
or panel mounting as shown in Figures 14 and 15.

METERING AND RECORDING


Fig. 6 AC inputs and protection elements
■ Metering and Monitoring
The following power system data is measured continuously
and displayed on the LCD on the relay fascia, at the local PC,
■ Trip and/or Indication of External and the remote PC when connected.
Protection Devices
External signals such as overpressure devices and Buchholz ■Currents (phase, phase to phase, symmetrical components)
relay operation, can be applied through 4 binary input circuits. ■Differential currents
Logic can be arranged for alarms, event recording and ■Voltage (phase to phase)
tripping. The binary input circuit is provided with a logic level ■Frequency
inversion function.
For redundancy it is recommended to route tripping from the
Buchholz or overpressure device in parallel to the relay.

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GRT100
Currents, voltages and differential currents can be indicated Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) and operation keys.
as primary or secondary values. ■40 characters, 4 line LCD with backlight
The user can monitor the following output and status on the ■8 Light Emitting Diodes (LED) including 4 that are
LCD and at local/remote PCs. configurable
■Relay element output ■Operation keys
■Binary input/output ■RS232C port
■Monitoring jacks
■Event Record
Figure 8 shows the relay front panel.
The most recent 96 time-tagged events are stored with 1
ms resolution. Events recorded are as follows.
-Tripping
-Alarms
-Change of binary input signal
-Change of relay setting
-Relay failure

■Fault Record
A relay trip initiates fault recording. Time-tagged fault data
can be stored for the 8 most recent faults. Fault record
items are as follows.
■Date and time
■Operating phase
■Tripping mode
■Pre-fault and post-fault current data (phase, phase to
phase, symmetrical components)

■Disturbance Record
The relay can record 22 analog and 30 binary signals. The ▲ Fig. 8 Relay front panel.
disturbance recorder is initiated by operation of the over
current element and/or relay tripping. In respect to analog
data, phase currents, neutral current and phase-to-phase The following items can be displayed on the LCD.
voltage are recorded.
- Setting
Pre-fault recording time is fixed at 300ms, and post-fault - Metering
recording time can be set from 100ms to 3s. The maximum - Event records
number of stored records depends on the post-fault - Fault records
recording time. In the case of a post-fault recording time of - The number of disturbance records
500ms, up to 20 disturbance records can be stored. The - Any failure message detected by the automatic supervision
record number of the recorded data is displayed on the
LCD. Password protection can be provided from the setting menu
on the LCD to provide security for relay setting changes.
■Calendar and Time After the password has been set, the password must be
entered to access the setting menu from a local or remote
PC as well as on the LCD.
The calendar and time are provided for time tagging of
recorded data. Synchronization with GPS (Global The contents of metering, fault records, and relay failures
Positioning System) is achieved via the IRIG-B port. can be monitored by pressing the VIEW key. The VIEW key
can be pressed without removing the relay front cover.

Arbitrary signals can be assigned to the four user


HUMAN INTERFACE configurable LEDs.

■Relay Front Panel Two monitoring jacks are operable when the test mode is
The relay front panel incorporates the following human selected in the LCD window. An oscilloscope can be
interfaces. connected to the relay through these jacks. Selection of
Setting the relay and viewing stored data are possible using output signals on the monitoring jacks can be set from the
the LCD menu.

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■Local PC
The user can communicate with the GRT100 from a local Eight active setting groups are provided. This allows the
PC via the RS232C port on the relay fascia. The following user to set one group for normal operating conditions while
data can be viewed or analyzed on the local PC with other groups may be set to cover alternative operating
RSM100 software. conditions.
- Setting
- Metering ■Configurable Binary Output Contacts
- Event records
- Fault records GRT100 is provided with 13 or 23 user configurable
- Disturbance records normally open output contacts used for indication and
alarm. The number of outputs varies according to the relay
■Remote Setting and Monitoring (RSM) model.

GRT100 can be connected to the RSIVI system via the


■Binary Inputs
RS485 interface at the rear of the relay. The user can
operate the relay from a remote PC in the same way as GRT100 is provided with 8 binary inputs for trip and/or
from a local PC. indication of external protection devices, etc. The binary
input circuits are provided with a logic level inversion
A maximum of 32 relays can be connected to the remote function.
PC in multi-drop mode, via the protocol converter (option).

The RSM100 software is also used to communicate with the


relay and to view or analyze disturbance records on the
remote PC.

The data transmission rate between relays and the protocol


converter is 64kbps.

The relay is compliant with the transmission protocol


defined by IEC 60870-5103.

Figure 9 shows the configuration of the RSM system.

▲ Fig. 9 Remote setting and monitoring system

■ Relay Setting
The user can input or change settings using the operation
keys on the relay fascia or via a local or remote PC with the
RSIVI system. Password protection is provided to change
settings.

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GRT100
PC DISPLAY

▲Fault record ▲ Vector diagram

▲ Event record

▲Metering

▲ Waveform data analysis

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AUTOMATIC MONITORING

■ Automatic Monitoring Function


The automatic monitoring function will detect failures,
should they occur, that might cause unwanted operation.
The items monitored include the following:
- Analog input circuits
- Analog-to-Digital converter
- Watchdog timer
- DC power supply circuits
- CPU

■ Alarms
In the unlikely event that a relay failure should occur, this is
detected by automatic monitoring and the LED ALARM on
the relay fascia is illuminated. A binary "RELAY FAILURE"
output is simultaneously operated and the date/time of any
such failure would be stored in the event record.

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TECHNICAL DATA GRT100
■ Ratings ■ Operating time of current differential element
▪AC current (In): 1A or 5A ▪Current differential element: typical 30ms
▪AC voltage: 100V, 110V, 115V, 120V ▪High-set differential over current element: typical 20ms
▪Frequency: 50Hz or 60Hz
▪DC power supply: 110Vdc/125Vdc (Operative range: 88 to 150Vdc)
220Vdc/25OVdc (Operative range: 176 to
■ Accuracy of current differential element
300Vdc) ▪Current differential protection: ±5%
48Vdc/54Vdc/60Vdc (Operative range: 38.4 ▪Reset value: less than 105%
to 72Vdc)
AC ripple on DC supply IEC 60255-11: maximum 12%
DC supply interruption IEC 60255-11
■ Time-over current protection
Permissive duration of DC supply voltage interruption to High-set over current element
maintain normal operation: less than 50ms at 110Vdc ▪ Pick up level (OC): 0.1 to 20.Opu in 0.1pu steps
Restart time: less than 10s ▪Delay time (TOC): 0.00 to 1 0.00s in 0.01s steps
▪Binary input circuit DC voltage: ▪Operating time: typical 30ms
110Vdc/125Vdc (Operative range: 88 to 150Vdc) Inverse time over current element
220Vdc/25OVdc (Operative range: 176 to ▪Pick up level (OCI): 0.10 to 5.OOpu in 0.01pu steps
300Vdc) ▪Time multiplier (TOCI): 0.05 to 1.00 in 0.01 steps
48Vdc/54Vdc/60Vdc (Operative range: 38.4 ▪Characteristic: Three IEC standard 60255-3 (Standard
to 72Vdc) inverse, Very inverse, Extremely inverse),
or a Long-time inverse
*Refer to Figure 3.
■ Overload rating ▪Accuracy of inverse time characteristics:
▪AC current input: 4 times rated continuous Standard, Very and Long-time inverse: EC 60255-3 class 5,
100 times rated for 1 s Extremely inverse: IEC 60255-3 class 7.5
▪AC voltage input: 2 times rated continuous
2.5 times rated for is
■ Accuracy of time over current protection
■ Burden ▪Pickup value: ±5%

▪AC current circuit: 0.3VA per phase (at rated 5A)


0.4VA at zero sequence circuit (at rated 5A) ■ Thermal overload protection
0.1 VA per phase (at rated 1 A) ▪Thermal time constant (τ): 0.5 to 500.Os in 0.1s steps
0.3VA at zero sequence circuit (at rated 1A) ▪Constant (k): 0.10 to 4.00 in 0.01 steps
▪AC voltage circuit: 0.1VA (at rated voltage) ▪Basic current (IB): 0.50 to 2.50pu in 0.01pu steps
▪DC power supply: less than 14W (quiescent) ▪Special load current before overload (Ip): 0.00 to 1.OOpu in 0.01
less than 25W (operation) steps
▪Binary input circuit: 0.5W/input at 110Vdc ▪Time for alarming (TA): 0 to 10 min. in 1 min. steps

■ Current differential protection ■ Accuracy of thermal overload protection


▪Minimum operate current (ik): 0.10 to 0.50pu in 0.01pu steps ▪Operating time: ±10%
▪Slope 1 (p1): 10 to 100% in 1% steps
▪Slope 2 (p2): 50 to 200% in 1% steps
▪kp: 1.00 to 1O.OOpu in 0.01pu steps ■ Frequency protection
▪Vector group compensation (Winding 1 to 3) (dl -d3): ▪Over frequency: 50.00 to 55.OOHz in 0.01 Hz steps (50Hz relay)
0 to 11 (0 to 330deg in 30deg steps) 60.00 to 66.OOHz in 0.01 Hz steps (60Hz relay)
▪CT ratio correction (Winding 1 to 3) (kct1-kct3): ▪ Under frequency: 45.00 to 50.OOHz in 0.01 Hz steps (50Hz relay)
0 .05 to 2.00 in 0.01 steps 54.00 to 60.OOHz in 0.01 Hz steps (60Hz relay)
▪Inrush setting (2nd harmonic ratio) (k2f): 10 to 50% in 1% steps ▪Start time: less than 100ms
▪Overexcitation setting (5th harmonic ratio) (k5f): ▪Under voltage blocking: 40 to 100V in 1V steps
10 to 100% in 1 % steps
■ Accuracy of frequency protection
■ High-set differential over current protection
▪Pickup value: ±0.03Hz
Over current (kh): 2.00 to 20.OOpu in 0.01pu steps
■ Overexcitation protection
■ Restricted earth fault protection
▪Pickup voltage: 100.0 to 120.OV in O.1 V steps
▪Minimum operate current: 0.05 to 1.OOpu in 0.01pu steps ▪Alarm level (A): 1.03 to 1.30pu in 0.01pu steps
▪Slope 1 (p1): 10% ▪High level (H): 1.10 to 1.40pu in 0.01pu steps
▪Slope 2 (p2): 50 to 100% in 1% steps ▪Low level (L): 1.05 to 1.30pu in 0.01pu steps
▪kp: 0.50 to 2.OOpu in 0.01pu steps ▪LT (Definite time): 1 to 600s in 1s steps
▪CT ratio correction (kct): 1.00 to 50.00 in 0.01 steps ▪HT (Definite time): 1 to 600s in is steps
▪TVFH (Definite time): 1 to 600s in 1s steps
▪TVFA (Definite time): 1 to 600s in 1s steps
▪Start time: less than 130ms

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▪Accuracy: ±2% of pickup voltage ■ Vibration test
▪Frequency range: ±2%
The relay withstands vibration in the frequency range of 10 to
150Hz with a sweep rate of 1 octave per minute in accordance with
■ Disturbance record initiation IEC Standard 60255-21-1, Class 1.
▪Over current element: 0.1 to 20.OOpu in 0.01pu steps
▪Earth fault: 0.05 to 20.OOpu in 0.01pu steps ■ Shock and bump test
▪Pre-fault time: 0.3s (fixed)
The relay withstands the shocks and bumps specified in IEC
▪Post-fault time: 0.1 to 3s
Standard 60255-21-2, Class 1.

■ Communication port ■ Seismic test


Front communication port (local PC) The relay withstands the seismic specified in IEC Standard
▪Connection: Point to point 60255-21-3, Class 1.
▪Cable type: Multi-core (straight)
▪Cable length: 15m (max.)
▪Connector: RS232C 9-way D-type female ■ Dielectric test
Rear communication port (remote PC) The relay withstands 2kV at 50 or 60Hz for 1 minute between all
▪Signal level: RS485 circuits and the case, and between all separate circuits in
▪Transmission data rate for RSM system: 64kbps accordance with IEC Standard 60255-5. The relay withstands 1 kV
▪Connection: Multidrop mode (max. 32 relays) at 50 or 60Hz for 1 minute across the open contacts in accordance
▪Connector: Screw terminals with ANSI/IEEE C37.90.
▪Cable and length: Twisted-pair cable, max. 1200m
▪Isolation: 2kVac for 1 min.
▪Transmission data rate for protocol IEC 60870-5-103: 9.6, 19.2kbps ■ Impulse voltage test
Interface to optional fibre can be provided for IEC60870-5-103. The relay withstands 5kV peak and 1.2/50ps, 0.5J waveform
Connector type: ST type applied both transversely and between relay terminals and earth in
accordance with IEC Standard 60255-5.
■ IRIG-B port
▪Connection: BNC connector ■ 1 MHz burst disturbance test
▪Cable type: 50 ohm coaxial cable The relay withstands 1 MHz, for 2s with 2.5kHz, 2.5kV attenuated
to half in 3 to 6 cycles between independent circuits and
■ Atmospheric environment independent circuits and case earth, and 1.OkV across terminals of
the same circuit in accordance with IEC Standard 60255-22-1,
Temperature (IEC60255-6): Class 3.
▪Operation guarantee: -10℃ to +55℃
▪Storage: -20℃ to +70℃
■ Radiated electromagnetic field
Humidity (IEC60068-2-3): 4 days at 93%, and 40℃
disturbance test
■ Binary inputs The relay withstands 25 to 1,OOOMHz, 10V/m radiated field in
accordance with IEC Standard 60255-22-3, Class 3.
Minimum operating voltage: 70Vdc at 110Vdc/125Vdc rating

■ Electrostatic discharge test


■ Contact ratings
The relay withstands the following magnitudes of electrostatic
Trip contacts discharge in accordance with IEC Standard 60255-22-2.
▪Make and carry: 5A continuously, ▪Contact discharge: 6kV, Class 3
30A, 290Vdc for 0.5s (L/R=10ms) ▪Air discharge: 15kV, Class 4
▪Break: 0.15A, 290Vdc (L/R=40ms)

Auxiliary contacts: ■ Fast transient disturbance test


▪Make and carry: 4A continuously, The relay withstands 4kV ア 10%. 2.5kHz applied in common mode,
20A, 290Vdc for 0.5s (L/R≧5ms) for at least 1 minute in accordance with IEC Standard 60255-22-4,
▪Break: 0.1 A, 290Vdc (L/R=40ms) Class 4.

Durability
▪Loaded contact: 10,000 operations minimum ■ Surge immunity
▪Unloaded contact: 100,000 operations minimum The relay withstands 4kV peak and 1.2/50ms between all groups
and case earth, and 2kV peak and 1.2/50ms between terminals of
■ Mechanical design each group in accordance with IEC Standard 61000-4-5, Level 4.

▪Weight: 12kg
▪Case color: Munsell No.10YR8/0.5 ■ EMC compliance
▪Isolation: IP51 Conformity to 89/336/EEC, generic standards EN50081-2,
▪Installation: Flush mounting or rack mounting EN50082-2
Product safety, conformity to 73/23/EEC, generic safety standards
EN61010-1, EN60950

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■ Protocol converter(Option)
▪Type: G1PR1
▪AC power supply
Voltage: 100/110V
Frequency: 50 or 60Hz
Burden: less than 20W

▪Transmission data rate


PC side (RS232C): 9.6, 19.2, 38.4kbps
Relay side (RS485): 64kbps
▪Size: 320(W)X142.5(H)X430(D)
▪Weight: 7kg

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ORDERING

1. Transformer Protection Relay


GRT100 A 0

Relay Type:
Transformer protection relay GRT100
Relay Model:
-Model 100: 2 three-phase current inputs for 2-winding
transformer
101
13 N/0 configurable output contacts
102
23 N/0 configurable output contacts
-Model 200: 3 three-phase current inputs for 2-winding and
3-winding transformer
201
13 N/0 configurable output contacts
202
23 N/0 configurable output contacts
CT rating:
1A 1
5A 2
Frequency:
50Hz 1
60Hz 2
DC power supply rating:
1OOV/125V 1
220V/250V 2
48V/54V/60V 3

G1PR1
2. Protocol Converter (Option)

Type:
Protocol converter G1PR1
Model:
Not available for external time synchronization 01
Available for external time synchronization (IRIG-B) 02
Available for external time synchronization (IRIG-B and GPS) 03
AC power supply rating:
AC 100/110V 10

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GRT100
MEMO

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MEMO

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TOSHIBA CORPORATION
POWER SYSTEMS & SERVICES COMPANY
UTILITY POWER SYSTEMS ENGINEERING DEPT.
1-1. SHIBAURA 1-CHOUME. MINATO-KU. TOKYO 105-8001. Japan
PHONE: 03-3457-3631
FACSIMILE: 03-5444:9196

6335-1 ’01-1 C1.5

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