Kartilla of the Katipunan
Philippine Independence day used to be celebrated on
 woman as a “helpmate” rather than a “plaything,”
and to “have due regard to her weakness” may be
traced back to Cervantes;
 “time lost is lost forever” may have come from
Benjamin Franklin
 from Rizal, “ A life which is not dedicated to a
great idea is useless,” declares Rizal’s fictional
insurrectionist Simoun in Ell Filibusterismo: “It is a
pebble lost in the field, when it should form part
of some building.”
 the equivalents of the Enlightenment’s defining
watchwords:
• Liberty (Kalayaan),
• Equality (lahat ng tao ay magkakapantay),
• Fraternity (kayong lahat ay magkakapatid,
• Reasons (Katuiran)
• Progress (Kagalingan)
• Enlightenment (Kaliwanagan)
Teachings
2. Ang gawang magaling na nagbubuhat sa pagpipita sa
sarili, at hindi sa talagang nasang gumawa ng kagalingan,
ay di kabaitan.   proclamation by General Aguuinaldo in Kawit,
3. Ang tunay na kabanalan ay ang pagkakawang gawa, ang
pagibig sa kapua at ang isukat ang bawat kilos, gawa’t
pangungusap sa talagang Katuiran. 
4. Maitim man at maputi ang kulay ng balat, lahat ng tao’y
magkakapantay; mangyayaring ang isa’y higtan sa
dunong, sa yaman, sa ganda…; ngunit di mahihigtan sa
pagkatao.  declaration of Independence, which was signed
5. Ang may mataas na kalooban inuuna ang puri sa
pagpipita sa sarili; ang may hamak na kalooban inuuna
ang pagpipita sa sarili sa puri. 
6. Sa taong may hiya, salita’y panunumpa. 
8. Ipagtanggol mo ang inaapi, at kabakahin ang umaapi. 
9. Ang taong matalino’y ang may pagiingat sa bawat
sasabihin, at matutong ipaglihim ang dapat ipaglihim.    The philippine Declaration of Independence
Act of the Declaration of the Philippine Independence
Amazing Facts
1. Filipino Priests started the movemnet for independence
2. Filipino formed a secret society to rebel against Spain.
3. According to Julian Felipe, Philippine independence was
proclaimed on a Sunday afternoon, between 4 to 5 P.M.
4. Spain and the U.S. did not recognized aguinaldo’s
declaration of independence.
5.
July 4.
6. Emilio Aguinaldo himself designed the Philippine flag
7. The three stars in the flag originally stand for Luzon,
Panay and Mindanao
8. The flag’s colors (Red, White and Blue) were a salute to
the American flag
9. The colors of the Philippine flag can be used as signals
10. There was an earlier version of the National Anthem
but Emilio Aguinaldo preffered something different
11. The First Philippine Anthem was comissioned by
Andres Bonifacio
12. The original copy of the proclamation of Philippine
independence is kept in the National Library
Background of the Author
Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista
 December 7, 1830, Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista,
Lawyer was born in Binan, Laguna
 the one who authored the “Act of Declaration of
Philippine Independence”.
 He was also the one who read the declaration
during the June 12, 1898 independence
Cavite.
 The declaration of independence would also lead
foreign countries to recognize the independence
of the country.
 Bautista patterned the act on American
by 98 persons
 Bautista who also served as solicitor general of
the revolutionary government, died on December
4, 1903 at the age of 72.
occured in Kawit, Cavity on 12 June 1898 where
Filipino revolutionary forces under General Emilio
Aguinaldo proclaimed the sovereignty and
independence of the Philippine islands from
Spanish colonization after the latter was defeated
at the battle of Manila Bay on 1 May 1898 during
the Spanish-American war.
 It was declared as national holiday and was
witnessed by thousands of people who gathered
in Kawit to witness the historic event.
  The Act declared that the Filipinos “are and have
the right to be free and independent,”
 National Flag of the Philippines, designed by
General Aguinaldo and made in Hongkong by
Mrs. Marcela Agoncillo, Lorenza Agoncillo and
Delfina Herboza
 This was followed by the performance of the
“Marcha Filipina Magdalo” now known as About the Author
“Lupang Hinirang”, the National Anthem. The
composer, Julian Felipe, was a music teacher
from Cavite. The lyrics to the anthem were
sourced a year after from the poem of Jose
Palma entitled “Filipinas”.
 The white triangle signifying the distinctive
emblem of the famous Society of the
“Katipunan” which by means of its blood
compact inspired the masses to rise in the
revolution.
 The Three Islands of the Archipelago: Luzon,
Mindanao, and Panay – It is where the
revolutionary movement started.

 The sun – representing the gigantic step made by

the son of the country along the path of Progress
and Civilization.

 The 8 rays – Signifying the eight provinces –

Manila, Cavite, Bulacan, Pampanga, Nueva Ecija,
Bataan, Laguna, and Batangas – which declares
themselves in a state of war as soon as the first
revolt was initiated.

 The Colors Blue, Red, and White –

Commemorating the flag of the United States of
America, as a manifestation of our profound
gratitude towards this Great Nation for its
disintegrated protection which it lent us and
About the Document
continues lending us.

POLITICAL CARICATURES OF THE AMERICAN ERA

BY: ALFRED McCOY
 Contributions & Relevance

HISTORICAL CONTEXT

Filipino Grievances Against Governor Wood

About the author
Name: Gregorio F. Zaide
Nickname: “Goyo”
Born: 25 May 1907
Died: 31 October 1986 (aged 79)
Place of Birth: Pagsanjan, Laguna
 Notably, Dr. Zaide was the first Filipino exchange
professor to the University of Hawaii (1937-1938),
the first Asian to win the United Nations Study
Award (1957)
 He was the first Filipino to become a member of
Argentina's Instituto Historico de la Independencia
 Americana and Mexico's Instituto Panamericano
de Geografia y Historia.
 He was the President of the Philippine Historical
Association for three terms.
 he was given the prestigious Republic Cultural
Heritage Award in 1968 by the Philippine Republic.
He served as Mayor of his hometown of Pagsanjan (1971-
1975)
Contributions
  He authored more than 500 articles in history
published in both national and international
newspapers and academic journals.
Among his contributions to Philippine history are the
following:
o A Documentary History of the Katipunan,
o History of the Katipunan
o Philippine Political and Cultural History
Historical Context
Francis B. Harrison
 He was the Governor General of the Philippines
from 1913 -1921
 He advocated and oversaw the process of
Filipinization
 He was the GG during the passage 0f Jones Act
 His pro-Filipino stance made him popular figure in
the Philippines
 Filipino’s loved him
 Charges of Filipino incompetence in the
bureaucracy, graft and corruption, and the
unpreparedness of the Filipinos for independence
– became the common basis of criticism against
the administration of Governor Francis Harrison.
 December 1920 – the Republicans controlled the
Congress.
 March 1921— A special investigating mission, led
by Governor General W. Cameron Forbes and
Maj. General Leonard Wood was appointed to
look into Philippine affairs. This was known as the
Wood-Forbes Mission.
 July 17, 1923- Manila’s metropolitan dailies
headlined the resignation of all the Filipino
members of Governor Wood’s Cabinet, thus
precipitating the “Cabinet Crisis”
 Wood was determined to get the government out
of business, the government in Harrison’s time
having created and controlled stocks in various
government corporations through the board of
control.
About the text
 The document as a form of protest (Zaide writes
for the constitutional representatives of the
Filipino people) The document served as an
impeachment request for Governor Wood.
 The document was approved by the Commission
on independence on Nov. 17, 1926
(Appointed:October 14, 1921 until August 7,
1927)
 A year after this document was approved. The
governor Leonard Wood died due to a surgery
failure.
Content Presentation and Analysis
 Expectation – Cognizant of General Wood’s
participation in the liberation of Cuba, Filipinos
expected that spirit of cooperation would be
maintained and that the work of Political
emancipation would be complete.
 Reality - There was a train of usurpation and
arbitrary acts resulted in curtailment of autonomy
and destruction of the constitutional system
Reversal of America’s Philippine Policy.
 He has reversed the policy of Filipinizing the
service of the government by appointing
Americans even when Filipinos of proven
capacity were available.
 He has obstructed the carrying out of national
economic policies duly adopted by the
Legislature, merely because they are in control
with his personal views.
 He has used certain public funds to grant
additional compensation to public officials in clear
violation of law.
Analysis
 The major disagreement between Wood and the
Filipino leaders was the issue of independence
 Since assuming his position as Governor General,
wood was bent on exercising the powers of his
office after the manner of an American chief
executive and not just a mere figurehead.
 Aware of Wood’s political philosophy, the
Filipinos were on guard against expected
“encroachment” on their powers.
 Besides the political matters, the Filipino leaders
disagreed with Wood on an another fundamental
issue- on economic policy affecting the disposition
of the public domain and the administration of
government owned corporations.
Relevance
 This document showed that we Filipinos should
assert our rights of independence
 KUNG NASA KA TWIRAN! IPAGLABAN MO!

PRESIDENT CORAZON AQUINO’S SPEECH BEFORE

THE U.S. CONGRESS