EXPANDED PROGRAM ON IMMUNIZATION
meningitis, pneumonia.
IMPORTANT CONSIDERATIONS:
- Established in 1976
- To ensure that infants/children and
mothers have access to routinely
recommended infant/childhood vaccines.
6 vaccine-preventable diseases:
- TB
- Poliomyelitis
- Diphtheria
- Tetanus
- Pertussis
- Measles
GOALS OF THE EPI AND SUPPORTING
LEGISLATION
- Reduce the morbidity and mortality among
children against the most common vaccine-
preventable dses.
- RA 10152, Mandatory Infant and Children
Health Immunization Act of 2011, mandates
basic immunization covering the vaccine-
preventable dses. Added to the previously
mentioned is Hib.
- To provide for free mandatory basic
immunization to infants and children up to
5 years of age.
- RA 7846, compulsory immunization against
Hep B.
SPECIFIC GOALS OF THE PROGRAM:
1. Immunize all infants and children
2. Sustain the polio-free status
3. Eliminate measles infxn. Proc. 4, s. 1998
(Phil. Measles Elimination Campaign)
4. Eliminate maternal and neonatal tetanus.
Proc. 1066
5. Control diphtheria, pertussis, hep B
6. Prevent extrapulmonary TB
IMMUNIZATION SCHEDULE FOR INFANTS
AND YOUNG CHILDREN
- Available in all health facilities and
institutions providing immunization.
- Wednesday
- In 2012, two new vaccines were introduced:
- Rotavirus – infects large intestine
- Hib vaccine – serious illnesses including
- Only one sterile and needle per client
- No need to restart a vaccination series
REGARDLESS of the time
- All the EPI antigens are safe and effective
when administered simultaneously but at
different sites. Not recommended to mix
vaccines in one syringe or to use a fluid
vaccine for reconstitution of a freeze-dried
vaccine (BCG, AMV, AMV2). Use different
sites, 2.5-5cm apart.
- OPV first followed by Rotavirus, then other
appropriate vaccines. Oral -> injectibles.
- OPV by tongue. 2-3 drops. Don’t let the
dropper touch the tongue.
- monovalent Hep B vaccine must be used for
the first dose
- Children who have not received AMV1 as
scheduled shall be given AMV 1 ASAP then
AMV2 one month after the AMV1 dose.
- Children entering day care
centers/preschool and Gr 1 shall be screen
for measles immunization.
- First dose of Rotavirus vaccine is
administered only to infants aged 6 weeks to
15 weeks
- Administer the entire dose of the Rotavirus
vaccine slowly down one side of the mouth
with the tip of the applicator directed
toward the back of the infant's mouth.
- EPI VACCINES
- Inactivated microorganisms, attenuated
microorganisms, fragments from
microorganisms like Hep B, or toxoids.
Attenuated are no longer pathoenic. Toxoids
are inactivated or altered bacterial
exotoxins.
TARGET SETTING AND REQS
- first specific goal indicates a target of 100%
immunization on infants/children.
- PHN is responsible for preparing vaccine
reqs and overseeing vaccine allocation.
- Vaccine req is calculated based on eligible
pop:
Estimated no of infants: total pop x
2.7%
 Est no of 12-59 month old children: • has been stored under appropriate cold
total pop x 10.8% chain
Est no of pregnant women: total pop • has not been submerged under water
x 3.5% • VVM has not reached discard point

MAINTAINING THE POTENCY OF EPI - Reconstitute freeze dried vaccines (BCG,

VACCINES
- Vaccines confer immunity only when they
are potent. Must be properly stored,
handled, and transported.
Maintain the cold chain
AMV, MMR only with specific diluents.
- Discard reconstituted vaccines 6 hrs after
reconstitution
- Protect BCG from sunlight, rotavirus from
light

- The cold chain is a system for ensuring the Side effects and AE of immunization
potency of a vaccine.
- Cold Chain Officer (PHN) - person directly
responsible, in charge of maintaining the
cold chain equipment and supplies
- Nurse implements an emergency plan in the
event of an electrical breakdown or power
failure
Cold chain reqs:
- OPV: -15 to -25 C. Stored in freezer. Vaccine
bag, contact with ice packs.
- All other vaccines: refrigerator 2-8 C. Do
not stock vaccines at the door shelves.
- Hep B, Pentavalent, Rotavirus, TT:
damaged by freezing. Shouldnt be stored in
the freezer.
- Keep diluents cold by storing them in the ref
in the lower or door shelves.

OTHER CONSIDERATIONS TO
MAINTAIN POTENCY
- first expiry-first out (FEFO)
- Recommended duration of storage:
shouldnt exceed one month. Using
transport boxes, only a maximum of 5 days.
- Note if vaccine container has vaccine vial
monitor (VVM)
- VVM is a round disc of heat sensitive
material placed on a vaccine vial to register
cumulative heat exposure. The lower the
temp, slower color change. The higher the
temp, the faster the color change.
- Abide by the open vial policy of DOH.
Multidoae vial may be opened for one to two
clients if client doesnt come back. Multidose
liquid vaccines such as OPV, Pentavalent,
Hep B, TT, up to a max of 4 weeks if :
• expiry date hasnt passed
• vaccine has not been contaminated
C/I to EPI vaccines:
• pentavalent vaccine/DPT to over 5
years, recurrent convulsions
• Pentavalent vaccine 2 or 3/DPT 2 or
3 to a child who has convulsions w/in 3 days
• Rotavirus vaccine when the child has
a hx of hypersensitivity,
intussusceptions/intestinal coiling
• BCG to a child who has s/s of AIDS
False C/I:
• malnutrition
• Low grade fever
• Mild respi infection
• Diarrhea
EPI recording and reporting
⁃ FHSIS
⁃ FIC - BCG, 3 OPV, 3 DPT, Hep B or 3
Pentavalent, 1 MMR
⁃ Completely immunized children -
completed their immunization at age 12-23
mos
⁃ Child protected at birth (CPAB) - child
whose mother received two doses of TT
during preg or 3 doses of TT anytime prior
to pregnancy to child.
 MATERNAL, NEWBORN, AND CHILD
HEALTH AND NUTRITION
THE CURRENT MATERNAL AND
CHILD HEALTY AND NUTRITION
SITUATION
- Significant improvements in the past four
decades.
- Pregnancy and childbirth pose a great risk
to women of reproductive age.
- Maternal mortality is still high (162 per
100000 live births in 2016).
- HTN, Postpartum Hemorrhage, severe
infection, other medical probs.
- Main cause of neonatal deaths: asphyxia,
prematurity, severe infxn, congenital
anomalies, newborn tetanus
- Direct causes of maternal and neonatal
deaths require care by skilled health
professionals.
- 59% of births take place at home. 25%
attended by hilots.
3 delays that lead to deaths:
1. Delay in identification of complications
2. Delay in referrals
3. Delay in mgmt. of complications
Risk factors:
1. Mistimed, unplanned, unwanted,
unsupported pregnancy
2. Not securing adequate care
3. Delivering w/o skilled birth attendant. Not
having access to emergency obstetric and
neonatal care
4. Not having proper postpartum and
postnatal care.
- The country is on target in its efforts
towards lowering child mortality rate with
infant rate at 25.72 per 1000 live births in
2008 and under 5 mortality rate at 32.8 per
1000 live births.
- It is worth noting that many of the leading
causes of infant mortality can be prevented
by quality and accessible maternal,
newborn, and child services.
- Field Health Service Information System
(FHSIS) – obtained mostly from
administrative reports.
- Maternal and Child Health Survey is
conducted annually, Family Planning
Survey every 5 yrs, Census of Population
and Housing every 10 yrs.
THE MATERNAL, NEWBORN, AND CHILD
HEALTH AND NUTRITION STRATEGY
- In its response to the situation, DOH takes
into consideration the interrelatedness of
1. Direct threats to the lives of mothers
and children that necessitate immediate
care and managing risks that tend to
increase maternal and child deaths.
2. Underlying socioeconomic conditions
that hinder the provision and utilization
of MCHN
4 KEY STRATEGIES OF MNCHN
1. Ensuring universal access to and utilization
of an MNCHN core packages of services
2. Establishment of a service delivery network
at all levels of care
3. Organized use of instruments for health
systems development
4. Rapid buildup of institutional caoacities of
DOH and PhilHealth
These aim to achieve:
1. Every pregnancy is wanted, planned, and
supported.
2. Pregnancy is adequately managed
3. Delivery is facility-based
4. Mother and newborn pair secures proper
postpartum and newborn care.
THE MCHN core package of services
- Considers all pregnant women at risk of
such complications
- MNCHN core package of services consists of
interventions for each life stage:
prepregnancy, pregnancy, deliver,
postpartum, newborn, and childhood
periods.
Prepregnancy package
1. Nutrition
 Nutritional counseling
 Promotion of the use of iodized salt
 Provision of micronutrient supplements:
 o Iron and folate: 60mg elemental 8. Birth planning and promotion of facility
iron/ 400 mcg folic acid 1 tab daily based delivery.
for 3-6 months
Home-based Mother’s Record is used when
o Vitamin A: 5000 IU ever week or a
rendering care to the pregnant woman. HBMR is a
daily multivitamin supplement
simplified record of the history of present and past
2. Promotion of healthy lifestyle
pregnancies, findings and measures of TBA, BHW,
3. Advice on family planning and provision of
or health professionals. HBMR:
family planning services.
4. Prevention and management of lifestyle- 1. Provides a means of promoting continuity of
related diseases care
5. Prevention and management of infection 2. Promotes early recognition of women who
6. Counseling on STI/HIV/AIDS, nutrition, are at risk
personal hygiene, and consequences of 3. Encourages self-care where appropriate and
abortion referral suited to the needs of the woman
7. Adolescent health services 4. Supports initiation of appropriate care acc
8. Provision of oral health services to identified needs
5. Serves as a useful record of care, sources of
health statistics
Prenatal package 6. Guides the health workers in providing for
the health educational needs
1. Prenatal visits:
- At least 4 visits throughout the pregnancy: 1 Childbirth package
visit each in 1st and 2nd and 2 visits in the 3rd
1. Skilled birth attendance including the use of
- Weight, BP monitoring, fundic height
the partograph. Best strategy is to promote
measurement against AOG, fetal heartbeat,
facility-based childbirth.
fetal movement
2. Proper management of pregnancy and
- CBC, blood typing, urinalysis, STI
delivery complications and newborn
screening, blood sugar screening, pregnancy
complications. Unang Yakap, EINC are
test, cervical cancer screening using acetic
necessary for safe and quality care of the
acid, Pap Smear.
women during childbirth.
2. Micronutrient supplementation:
 Continuous maternal support by
 Iron and folate (60 mg/400mcg) OD for 6
having companion of choice
mos
 Freedom of movement
 Vit A 10000 IU Twice a week from 4th
 Monitoring progress of labor.
month of preg
Partograph is a graphic recording of
 Elemental iodine 200 mg given once during
the progress of labor. Useful in
preg
detecting deviations from normal
3. TT
labor.
 0.5 ml intramuscularly on deltoid
 Nondrug pain relief
 Adequate immunization prevents neonatal
 Position of choice during labor
tetanus, develops protection through
 Spontaneous pushing in semi
passive immunity
upright position
4. Promotion of exclusive breastfeeding,
newborn screening, infant immunization  Hand hygiene
5. Focus on smoking cessation, healthy diet,  Nonroutine episiotomy
and nutrition, regular exercise, STI and  Active management of third stage
HIV prevention, and oral health labor
6. Early detection and management of 3. Access to basic emergency obstetric and
complications newborn care (BEmONC) and CEmONC
7. Prevention and mgmt. of HTN, anemia,
diabetes, TB, malaria, schistosomiasis, and
STI/HIV/AIDS
Postpartum package
1. Postpartum visits: w/in 72 hours and on 7th
day postpartum. Check for conditions
2. Micronutrient supplementation:
 Iron and folate (60mg/400mcg) OD
for 3 mos
 Vit A 200000 IU w/in 4 weeks
3. Counseling on nutrition, child care, family
planning, and other available services
Newborn (1st week of life) care package
1. Interventions w/in first 90 minutes
 Immediate and thorough drying,
stimulates breathing
 Skin to skin contact, plays a part in
protection of the newborn against
infection and hypoglycemia.
 Cord clamping 1-3 after birth.
Delaying clamping 1-3 mins allows
placental transfusion at birth.
Increases the blood volume and iron
reserves, reduces the likelihood of
iron deficiency anemia.
 Early initiation of breastfeeding w/in
an hour, shown to reduce infant
deaths attributed to diarrhea. For
mother, include oxytocin
stimulation.
 Nonseparation/rooming-in
promotes bonding and allows
mother to breastfeed.
2. After 90 mins to 6 hours:
 Vit K
 Hep B and BCG
 Examination of baby for birth
injuries, malformations, or defects
 Additional care for a small baby
<2,500 g
3. Prior to discharge: after first 90 minutes:
 Support unrestricted, per demand
breastfeeding, day and night
 Ensure warmth of the baby,
Kangaroo Mother Care, meet the
baby’s needs for warmth
 Washing and bathing
 Look for danger signs and start
resuscitation
 Look for signs of jaundice
 Perform newborn screening and
newborn hearing screening
 Provide instructions on discharge
Child care package
1. Immunization
2. Nutrition
 Exclusive breastfeeding up to 6
months
 Sustained BF up to 24 mos w/
complementary feeding
 Micronutrient supplementation
3. Integrated management of childhood
illnesses
4. Injury prevention
5. Oral health
6. Insecticide-treated nets for malaria-
endemic areas
MNCHN service delivery network
- No single facility or unit can provide entire
MNCHN package
- Its impt that diff health care providers are
organized into a well-coordinated MNCHN
service delivery network
- Can be province or city wide network
- Include basic and comprehensive
emergency obstetric and essential newborn
care. Includes communication and
transportation system
3 levels of care in the MNCHN service
delivery network:
1. Community level service providers or
community health team
- Primary health care services
- Out px clinics such as RHUs, BHSs, and
private clinics
Plays 2 basic functions:
 Navigation function
 Basic service delivery function
2. BEmONC
- Parenteral administration of oxytocin in 3rd
stage of labor, loading dose of
anticonvulsants, initial dose of antibiotics
- Performance of assisted deliveries
- Removal of retained products of conception
- Manual removal of retained placenta
Also able to provide emergency newborn care
interventions:
  Newborn resuscitation
 Treatment of neonatal sepsis
 Oxygen support
10 elements of reproductive health care:
- Also capable of providing blood transfusion
- Can be based in an RHU, BHS, lying in
clinic, or birthing home
- Typical stand-alone facility is an RHU that
has complement of skilled health
professionals such as docs, nurses, MWs,
and MT.
- BHS or lying in should have at least one
midwife or nurse w/ a physician on call
3. CEmONC
- Can perform 6 obstetric functions as well as
provide CS, blood banking, transfusion
services, other highly specialized obstetric
interventions
- Capable of providing neonatal emergency
interventions
THE PHILIPPINE FAMILY PLANNING
PROGRAM
THE REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH PROGRAM
- RH is a state of complete physical, mental,
and social well-being
- Based on right of access to appropriate
health care services
- Refers to the constellation of methods,
techniques, and services that contribute to
reproductive health
- Magna Carta of Women (RA 9710), enacted
in 2009, “state shall, at all times, provide for
a comprehensive, culture sensitive, and
gender responsive health services and
programs covering all stages of a woman’s
life cycle and which addresses the major
courses of women’s mortality and
morbidity.”
- Due respects to women’s religious
convictions
- Rights of spouses and demands of
responsible parenthood
- Rights of women to protection
- Stated that the full range of RH services
shall be ensured by the gov’t
- RA 10354, Responsible Parenthood and
Reproductive Health.
- Directs DOH to procure, distribute to LGUs,
4 Pillars of the PFPP
and monitor the usage of family planning
supplies for the whole country
- The RH program adopts the life span
approach.
- RH is a concern that affects different age
brackets. It is client centered, clients will be
provided with the RH services they need
1. Family planning
2. MNCHN
3. Prevention and control of reproductive tract
infections
4. Adolescent reproductive health
5. Prevention and management of abortions
6. Preventions and management of breast and
reproductive tract cancers
7. Education and counseling on sexuality and
sexual health
8. Men’s reproductive health
9. Prevention and management of violence
against women
10. Prevention and treatment of infertility and
sexual dysfunction
- Started in 1970s
- Has evolved
- Its present-day health orientation of
improving the health of women.
- A.O. 50-A, s. 2001, family planning as a
health intervention shall be made available
to all men and women of reproductive age.
- FP is a means to prevent high-risk
pregnancies by:
 Being too young or too old
 Having had too many pregnancies
 Having closely spaced pregnancies
 Being too ill or unhealthy/too sick
- A.O. 132, s. 2004 created the DOH Natural
Family Planning Program, these include:
 Fertility Awareness-based methods
 Lactational Amenorrhea Method
- A.O. 2012-0009 – towards reducing unmet
need for modern family planning as a means
to achieving MDGs on maternal health. It
also pushed for the enrolment of poor
families into the National Health Insurance
Program.
1. Responsible parenthood – refers to the will
and ability to respond to the needs and
aspirations of the family
 2. Respect for life – protects the life of the 3. Gives him time for his family
unborn form the moment of conception. 4. Gives enough time for treatment
3. Birth spacing – proper spacing of 3-5 years
form a recent pregnancy enables a woman
to recover from pregnancy FAMILY PLANNING METHODS
4. Informed choice – couples and individuals
are fully informed on the different FP Natural family planning
methods - Methods for planning or avoiding
Client counseling and assessment pregnancies by observation of the natural
s/s of the fertile and infertile phase
- Client-centered, face to face, interactive
communication process Advantages:
- To make free and informed choices 1. Effective when used correctly
regarding one’s fertility intention or plan. 2. No physical side effects
- Helps clients make voluntary, fully- 3. Inexpensive
informed, well-considered decisions about 4. No need for follow up medical
their reproductive health needs. appointments
- Enables clients to know more about the 5. Develops better understanding about their
benefits, advantages, and disadvantages of sexual physiology
different family planning methods. 6. Promotes shared responsibility
- FP counselor must: 7. Fosters better communication
1. Possess knowledge about the client, 8. May utilize the signs and symptoms of the
client needs, diff. FP methods woman’s fertility to either avoid or achieve
2. Positive attitude towards work pregnancy
3. Be sensitive, understanding, and helpful
- Essential content of nurse-client Lactational Amenorrhea method
interaction:
- Natural effect of breastfeeding on the
1. Effectiveness
mother’s fertility
2. Advantages and disadvantages
- Delay in the return of fertility after
3. Possible SE, complications, signs that
childbirth
require an immediate visit
- Act of BF suppresses the secretion of GnRH
4. How to use chosen method
by the hypothalamus, thereby inhibiting
5. Prevention of STIs
pituitary secretion of gonadotropin and,
6. When to return to health facility
development of ovarian follicle
Benefits of family planning - BF is 98-99.5% effective if:
1. Mother’s menstrual period hasn’t
To mothers: returned
1. Enables her to regain her health 2. Full or nearly full feeding of the baby
2. Gives enough time and opportunity to love 3. Baby is less than 6 months
3. Gives more time for her family
4. When suffering an illness, gives enough
time for treatment
To children:
1. Healthy mothers produce healthy children
2. Will get all the attention, security, love, and
care they deserve
To fathers:
1. Lightens the burden
2. Enables him to give his children their basic
needs
FAB Methods BBT may be influenced by many factors like
illness, stress, changes in sleep patterns, and
- Analysis of the fertile time in the woman’s intake of alcohol
menstrual cycle
1. Billing’s ovulation method 3. Symptothermal method
- Cervical mucus method - Signs of fertility are taken note of
- May be used by women with irregular  Mittelschmerz
menstrual cycles, by perimenopausal  Spinnbarkeit
women, nursing mothers  Breast tenderness
- 95-97% effective  Increased libido
 Mood changes

Requires that the woman should observe: 4. Standard days method

- Menstruation - Appropriate for the couple where the
- Basic infertile pattern – after mens. Woman woman’s menstrual cycle lasts from 26 – 32
feels dry around the genital area days.
- Changing pattern of fertility – vaginal - Requires tracking of menstrual cycles
discharge becomes thinner and clearer. - First day – day 1
There is a sensation of being wet & slippery
- Peak of fertility – last of the slippery
sensation
- Postovulatory infertile phase – lasts for 14
days. Woman may feel dry again or have
some discharge, no slippery sensation.
To avoid pregnancy, there are 4 rules of BOM:

 Avoid intercourse on menstrual days

 During BIP, the couple may have
intercourse every other evening at the most
to allow for observation of passage of fertile
mucus
 Avoid intercourse during days of changing
pattern of fertility
 Couple may have intercourse at any time
from the fourth day
2. Basal body temperature
- one’s body temp when one is fully at rest,
that is, upon rising from sleep and before
eating.
- At ovulation, BBT goes slightly down
Instructions for BBT:
 The woman should take her BBT every
morning before arising
 Couple/woman should record the daily BBT
and look for a pattern. A slight increase
sustained for 3 days or more indicates
ovulation
 Woman is most fertile 2-3 days before BBT
rises. Abstain from the start of mens up to 3
-4 days after.
- Fertile day – day 8-19
- SDM beads, a color coded necklace which
aids the woman.
- 95% effective
5. Two Day Method
- Uses cervical secretions as an indicator of
fertility
- Requires the woman to check the presence
of secretions every day
- If there is secretions, the woman is fertile
- 96% effective
Disadvantages of FAB methods
1. Except for SDM, couple needs training.
Takes about two to three cycles to accurately
identify fertile period
 2. Except for SDM, require consistent and
accurate record keeping
3. These require a high level of diligence and
motivation
4. These require a period of abstinence
5. These offer no protection against
HIV/AIDS/STIs
Artificial family planning methods
1. Combined oral contraceptives
- Pills
- Contain hormones similar to natural
hormones
- Cause changes to endometrium to prevent
from sperm from traveling the uterus
- Come in 21 or 28 day packs.
- Contain estrogen and progesterone
- 28 day pack, 21 contain hormones. 7 are
placebo
Advantages:
 Convenient and easy to use
 Makes menstrual cycle more regular
 Reduces symptoms of gynecologic
conditions
 Reduces the risk of ovarian and endometrial
cancer
 Reversible
 Doesn’t interfere with intercourse
 Safe as proven
Disadvantages:
 Effectiveness is lowered with incorrect use
 Can suppress lactation
 Requires regular resupply
 No protection against STIs
 Side effects are nausea, dizziness, breast
tenderness
 May pose health risks for some women.
Most serious is increased risk of
cardiovascular dse. – blood clots, heart
attacks, strokes
2. Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate
- Depo Provera
- Progestin – only preparation, IM, every 3
months
- Main action is the suppression of ovulation
- 99% effective
Advantages:
 Does not interfere with intercourse
 It can be used while breastfeeding
 Help protect against endometrial cancer
Disadvantages:
 Delayed return to fertility
 Irregular vaginal bleeding
 Gradual weight gain
 Does not protect against STIs
 c/i: liver conditions like cirrhosis, hepatitis,
tumor. HTN where sys is 160 and dia is
100+
3. Intrauterine device
- Small plastic or metal device inserted inside
a woman’s uterus to prevent pregnancy
- Releases copper or a hormone
- Almost all IUDs have one or two strings
- Two types: hormone releasing and copper
bearing
- 99% effective
Advantages:
 Local action
 No effect on amount of breastmilk
 Low cost
 Doesn’t interfere with intercourse
 One time application
 Immediate return to fertility
 Can be inserted immediately
 Long lasting – copper bearing lasts for 10
years ++
Disadvantages:
 Common side effects such as pain and
cramping, longer and heavier bleeding
 Device may be expelled
 Requires pelvic exam
 Doesn’t protect against STIs
 Rare, possible uterine perforations
 Requires self checking
4. Barrier methods
- mechanically or chemically prevent
fertilization
- Male condoms, diaphragms, cervical caps,
spermicides
- Generally easy to use
5. Permanent methods
- Vasectomy
- Bilateral tubal ligation
NEWBORN SCREENING
 - Simple procedure to find out if a baby has a Newborn hearing screening
congenital metabolic d/o
- RA 9709, Universal Newborn Hearing
Newborn screening in the Phils. Screening and Intervention Act of 2009,
established a Universal Newborn Hearing
- RA 9288, Newborn Screening Act of 2004 Screening Program for the early detection of
- Prior to delivery, any health practitioner congenital hearing loss among newborns
who delivers, or assists in the delivery, of a and referral for early intervention services
newborn in the Phils has the obligation to to infants w/ hearing loss.
inform the parents or legal guardian of the - Early detection and intervention facilitate
newborn of the availability, nature, and speech development and prevent future
benefits of NBS learning and psychosocial difficulties.
- Provided for the establishment of the
Newborn Screening Reference Center –
responsible for national testing and case
registers
- Ideally done on the 48th and 72nd hours of
life, may also be done after 24 hours from
birth.
- NBS be done after 24 hours but not later
than 3 days from complete delivery
Disorders tested by NBS are:
1. Congenital hypothyroidism
2. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
3. Galactosemia
4. Phenylketonuria
5. Glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase
deficiency – rbc break down when body is
exposed to certain drugs
6. Maple syrup urine disease – person is
unable to break down amino acids leucine,
isoleucine, and valine.
Newborn screening procedure
- Through heel prick
- Normal results are available by 7-14
working days
- Babies that are (+) must be referred at once
to a specialist for confirmatory testing and
further management
NSCs are located at:
1. NSC-NIH for NCR and Luzon: National
Institutes of Health, UP Manila, Pedro Gil
St., Ermita, Manila
2. NSC-Central Luzon for Region I, II, III and
CAR: Angeles University Foundation
Medical Center, Angeles City
3. NSC-Visayas: West Visayas State University
Medical Center, Iloilo City
4. NSC-Mindanao: Southern Philippines
Medical Center, Davao City