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I. Projectile motion
a. Mechanics – a branch of physics that deals with kinematics (the motion of objects
without reference to forces) and dynamics (forces and their influence on the motion of
objects).
b. One-dimensional motion – it is uniform motion in one dimension with constant
acceleration. The objects involved are moving in a straight line whose acceleration
doesn’t change over time.
i. Time is a scalar quantity (singular number) while the object’s position, initial
velocity, final velocity, and acceleration are vector quantities (has both
magnitude and direction).
ii. The difference between the two quantities is difficult to see in one-dimensional
motion but is easier in two-dimensional motion.
iii. The following kinematic equations are called the Big Three:
iv. Free fall – this is when an object is allowed to fall without any obstruction such
as air friction (or air resistance caused by air which resists motion) and that
only gravity acts upon the object.
v. Galileo Galilee – found out the relationship between the object’s velocity
(speed of a moving object in a particular direction) and time of fall.
vi. He also found out that the Gravitation constant or g averages to about
9.8m/s2
vii. For objects that are allowed to freely fall starting at rest, the kinematic equations
above become:
iii. Trajectory – path followed by a projectile flying or an object moving under the
action of given forces.
e. Elements of horizontal projectile motion
i. Assuming that there is nothing that opposes the motion of the projectile, its
horizontal velocity (Vx) is constant throughout the duration of its movement and
it covers the same distance in equal amount of time at any point in the
trajectory.
f. Elements of vertical projectile motion
i. The vertical part of the projectile motion can be compared to an object in free
fall. The ideal condition is that the object is accelerating only due to gravity.
ii. The velocity along the vertical (Vy) increases at the constant rate of ½ g.
g. Horizontal projectile motion
i. The velocity of objects along horizontal is the same anywhere in the trajectory
which means there is no acceleration.
ii. These are the first two kinematic equations:
viii. It takes the object the same time to reach the highest point from the initial
position and from the highest point down so the entire duration of the flight will
be 2t.
ix. To find R we have to substitute 2t in the second kinematic equation for the
horizontal motion of projectiles.