CHAPTER 4

PRESENTATION AND
ANALYSIS OF DATA
Vivien M. Talisayon
DepEd National Training of Trainers
Practical Research 2
April-May 2017

DepEd National Training of Trainers VTalisayon

Rewriting Chapters 1-3

Rewrite Chapters 1-3 before or

after data analysis and before
writing Chapter 4.
Rewrite Chapters 1-3 in past tense,
wherever applicable, and make
corrections for actual data
collection and data analysis
procedures.

DepEd National Training of Trainers VTalisayon

Writing Chapter 4
Label section headings based on research
questions and follow their sequence
If needed, recast rather than repeat earlier
statements.
Include
tables, graphs, figures for quantitative study
statistical results of hypotheses tested
possible explanations of unexpected results
Implications of results to existing situation

DepEd National Training of Trainers VTalisayon

Tables and Figures

Quantitative data are organized &

summarized in tables and figures.
Information shown in tables and
figures is reiterated in the text.
Present results of hypothesis test
in tables using statistical format,
e.g., t value and level of
significance (p-value).
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Results of Tests of Hypotheses

 Enrich & support quantitative

analysis w/ qualitative data
analysis using selected
quotes/utterances & observed
behavior of subjects.

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Results of Related Studies

Compare results of present study

with related studies, as follows:
This result
is consistent with or similar to
that of… (related study)
contradicts/opposes that of…
(related study)

DepEd National Training of Trainers VTalisayon

Possible Explanations

Are much needed especially when

results are not those expected by
researcher.
Cite all things that happened that
may have affected findings.
Look at limitations of the study,
e.g., in sampling, instrumentation,
intervention, and data collection.
DepEd National Training of Trainers VTalisayon
Possible Explanations
Conduct of research
Not implemented as planned
Was dosage of intervention
sufficient?
duration of experiment
novelty effect; ceiling effect
contamination of comparison
group

DepEd National Training of Trainers VTalisayon

Possible Explanations
Characteristics of sample
Instruments’ validity & reliability
Test administration
Problems, deviations from planned
procedure
Resistance of sample to intervention
Implications
State 1-2 implications of findings
to current situation
DepEd National Training of Trainers VTalisayon
Re-Conceptualized Framework
for Quantitative Research
If some or all findings are different
from expected, have a section on
re-conceptualized framework at end
of Chapter 4 and make diagram of
re-conceptualized framework.
Starting with text, cite figure
(diagram) of re-conceptualized
framework. Explain changes vis-à-
vis Conceptual Framework of the
Study. DepEd National Training of Trainers VTalisayon
Workshop 2B: Make Sense
of Data
1. Small groups process consolidated
data for assigned research question.
2.Processed data are presented in
tables or graphs, if appropriate.
3. Small groups write analysis &
interpretation of processed data.
4. Selected groups present Chapter 4
for big group decision making.
DepEd National Training of Trainers VTalisayon
 Workshop 2B: Make Sense
of Data
3. Small groups extend the example of
research assessment rubrics to a 5-
point scale for Presentation and
Analysis of Data and share output
with the big group.

DepEd National Training of Trainers VTalisayon

 STAY
HAPPY ! 
DepEd National Training of Trainers VTalisayon