CHAPTER2 MAT455

2. MULTIPLE INTEGRATION

2.0 Review Functions of Several Variables

So far we have dealt with the calculus of functions of a single variable. But, in the
real world, physical quantities often depend on two or more variables, so in this
chapter we turn our attention to functions of several variables and extend the basic
ideas of differential calculus to such functions.

Example 1
i) y = f(x) is a function with one variable where x is the independent
variable and y is the dependent variable
4 3
eg: Vsphere = π r V is a function in r = volume depends on the radius
3

ii) z = f(x , y) is a function with two variables where x and y are the
independent variables and z is the dependent variable
eg: Vcylinder = π r 2 h V is a function in r and h = volume depends on the radius and the height

iii) V = f(w , l , h) is a function with three variables where w, l and h are the
independent variables and V is the dependent variable
eg: Vbox = wlh V is a function in w, l and h = volume depends on the width, length and the height

2.1 Geometric functions of several variables

A line x + y = 1 in R2 A plane x + y = 1 in R3

A parabola y = x2 in R2 y = x2 in R3

A plane 2x + y + 3z = 4 in R3, in the first A paraboloid z = x2 + y2 in R3

octant. (since all coefficients are positive)

A circle (x-1)2 + (y-2)2 = 25 in R2 A sphere (x-1)2 + (y-2)2 + (z-3)2 = 25 in

(centered at (1 , 2) with radius 5) R3
(centered at (1 , 2 , 3) with radius 5)

A cone z2 = x2 + y2 in R3 A cylinder x2 + y2 = 9

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 CHAPTER2 MAT455

We now extend the idea of definite integral to double and triple integrals of
functions of two or three variables. We will see how to express double integral as an
iterated integral, which can then be evaluated by calculating two single integrals.

Example 1
2 3 2 3 2 3 2
x3 y 3
a) ∫∫ x
1 0
3 2
y dydx=∫
1
(
∫x
0
3 2
) ( |
y dy dx =∫
1 3 0
dx =∫ 9 x3 dx=
1
135
4

3 2

b) ∫∫ x 3 y 2 dxdy = 135
4
(check this!)
0 1

Notice that we obtained the same answer whether we integrated with respect to y
or x first. In general, the two iterated integral are always equal; that is the order of
integration does not matter.

2.2 Volumes and Double Integrals

Let the graph of f be a surface with equation z = f(x , y). Let S be the solid that lies
above R and under the graph of f, that is

S = {( x , y , z ) ϵ R 3|0≤ z ≤ f ( x , y ) , ( x , y ) ϵR }

Z = f(x , y)

c d

b
R

To find the volume of S, the first step is to divide the rectangle R into subrectangles

Theorem 1
If f is continuous on the rectangle R = { (x , y )| a≤ x ≤ b , c ≤ y ≤ d } , then

❑ b d d b

V = ∬ f ( x , y ) dA=¿ ∫ ∫ f ( x , y ) dydx=∫ ∫ f ( x , y ) dxdy ¿

R a c c a

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2.2.1 Double integrals over General Regions

Graph of f(x,y)

If f is continuous on a type I region D such that

D = { ( x , y )|a ≤ x ≤b , g1 ( x ) ≤ y ≤ g2 (x) }
then
❑ b g2 (x)

∬ f ( x , y ) dA=∫ ∫ f ( x , y ) dydx
D a g1 (x)

If f is continuous on a type II region D such that

D = { ( x , y )|c ≤ y ≤ d , h1 ( y ) ≤ x ≤ h2 ( y ) }
then
❑ d h2 (y)

∬ f ( x , y ) dA=∫ ∫ f ( x , y ) dxdy
D c h1 (y)

Example 2
❑

Evaluate ∬ ( x+ 2 y ) dA , where D is the region bounded by the parabolas y=2 x 2 and

D

y=1+ x 2.

Note: before setting up the double integral, we must draw the diagram of the region of
integration to determine the type of region and the upper and lower limits of the integral.

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Example 3
Find the volume of the solid that lies under the paraboloid z=x 2 + y 2 and above the
region D in the xy-plane bounded by the line y = 2x and the parabola y = x2 .

Example 4
❑

Evaluate ∬ ( xy ) dA , where D is the region bounded by the line y = x – 1 and the parabola
D
y2 = 2x + 6.

Example 5
Find the volume of the tetrahedron bounded by the plane 2x + y + z = 2 and the three
coordinate planes.

z=2-2x-y
(0,0,2)

(0,2,0)

(1,0,0)

Example 6
Find the volume of the tetrahedron bounded by the planes x + 2y + z = 2, x = 2y, x = 0
and z = 0. z

(0,0,2)

x+2y+z=2
x=2y

y
(0,1,0)

(1, ½,0 )

x
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Example 7
1 1
2
Evaluate the iterated integral ∫ ∫ sin ( y ) dydx.
0 x

TRY THIS
2 2
2

Evaluate ∫∫ 2 e y dy dx by first changing the order of integration. (Ans: e4 – 1)

0 x

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