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СТРУКТУРНЫЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ НАКОПЛЕНИЯ ПОВРЕЖДЕНИИ ПРИ КОМБИНИРОВАННОМ ЦИКЛИЧЕСКОМ НАГРУЖЕНИИ PDF
СТРУКТУРНЫЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ НАКОПЛЕНИЯ ПОВРЕЖДЕНИИ ПРИ КОМБИНИРОВАННОМ ЦИКЛИЧЕСКОМ НАГРУЖЕНИИ PDF
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.26896/1028-6861-2019-85-5-46-51
A significant part of the elements of machines and structures along with stationary fatigue is subjected to
combined impacts of low-cycle and multi-cycle fatigue loading in operation. The physical nature of their
fracture in these conditions depends on the ratio of the mode parameters and entails the necessity of ad-
vanced research. The predominance of this or that process determines the nature of the damage accumu-
lation which leads to the destruction. Under such conditions, i.e., preliminary cyclic elastoplastic deforma-
tion followed by subsequent fatigue loading, the material subjected to preliminary loading at the first
stage can be considered the “new material” with the new properties acquired upon cyclic elastoplastic
loading which then undergoes further fatigue loading at the second stage. Hence, at the second stage, the
new properties of the material are determined by the level of structural changes and damages earlier accu-
mulated in the material. In this case, the damage to the material is considered on the basis of the
well-known statement about the staging character of plastic flow, two main processes, i.e., shear, caused by
the interaction of dislocations, and destructuring, attributed to violation of the continuity or integrity of
«Çàâîäcêàÿ ëàáîpàòîpèÿ. Äèàãíîcòèêà ìàòåpèàëîâ». 2019. Òîì 85. ¹ 5 47
the metal. Experimental studies of changes in the durability of cyclically hardened and cyclically softened
steel specimens at different levels of preliminary elastoplastic deformation with varying number of cycles
and amplitudes of preliminary elastoplastic strain showed the occurrence of an additional damage to the
material when combination of loading modes leads to change in the fatigue durability at the subsequent
stage of the basic multi-cycle loading. It is shown that correlation between changes in the fatigue durabil-
ity and structural state of the material, caused by accumulated damage upon preliminary overloads, and,
moreover, those changes can be characterized by the ratio of plastic and destructive strains as a Q-factor of
the material.
Keywords: structural material; cyclic loading; fatigue; combined loading regimes; overload; accumula-
tion of damages; elastic-plastic strains; material structure; dislocation; destruction.
Ðèñ. 3. Èñõîäíûå è âòîðè÷íûå êðèâûå óñòàëîñòè ïðè íàãðóæåíèè ñ «òðåíèðîâêàìè» ñòàëåé 10Ã2Ñ1 ïðè ðàñòÿæå-
íèè-ñæàòèè (à) è èçãèáå ñ âðàùåíèåì (á), à òàêæå ñòàëè 14Õ3ÃÌÐ (â)
÷åíèè òåõíîëîãè÷åñêèõ îïåðàöèé, ñâÿçàííûõ ñ 16. Ñòåïíîâ Ì. Í., Çèíèí À. Â. Ïðîãíîçèðîâàíèå õàðàêòå-
ðèñòèê ñîïðîòèâëåíèÿ óñòàëîñòè ìàòåðèàëîâ è ýëåìåí-
ïðåäâàðèòåëüíûì öèêëè÷åñêèì äåôîðìèðîâàíè- òîâ êîíñòðóêöèé. — Ì.: Èííîâàöèîííîå ìàøèíîñòðîåíèå,
åì ìàòåðèàëà êîíñòðóêöèè ïîâûøåííûìè óðîâ- 2016. — 392 ñ.
íÿìè íàãðóçîê, ïóòåì âûáîðà ýêñïåðèìåíòàëüíî 17. Ìàõóòîâ Í. À., Ôðîëîâ Ê. Â., Ãàäåíèí Ì. Ì. è äð. Íàó÷-
íûå îñíîâû ïîâûøåíèÿ ìàëîöèêëîâîé ïðî÷íîñòè. — Ì.: Íà-
îáîñíîâàííîãî äîïóñòèìîãî óðîâíÿ ðåæèìà íà-
óêà, 2006. — 623 ñ.
ãðóæåíèÿ è ÷èñëà öèêëîâ «òðåíèðîâêè» â çàâèñè-
ìîñòè îò óðîâíÿ âíîñèìîé èìè ïîâðåæäåííîñòè,
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