INTEGRATION OF MINI-PROJECTS IN LOGIC CIRCUITS AND

DESIGN TO AID OUTCOME BASED TEACHING IN SCHOOL OF

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

With the help from

Chethan S
Pavan Hiremath

Under the guidance of

Dr Divakar B.P.
Director, Research & Innovation

REVA University

Rukmini Knowledge Park, Kattigenahalli,

Yelahanka, Bangalore-560064

RESEARCH & INNOVATION CLUB Page 1

 Rukmini Knowledge Park, Kattigenahalli,
Yelahanka, Bangalore-560 064

Chethan S (chethans.eee@gmail.com)
Name of the Candidates:
Pavan Hiremath A (pavanhiremath92@gmail.com)
Address and contact details, email ID:
School of electrical Engineering

Name of the Guide:

Dr B.P. Divakar
Address and contact details, email:
Director Research & Innovation

REVA UNIVERSITY

School / Department: School of Electrical Engineering

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 CONTENTS

1. Summary of Proposed project

2. Background

3. Objectives of project work

4. Methodology

5. Description of project work

6. Expected outcomes:

7. References

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 INTEGRATION OF MINI-PROJECTS IN LOGIC CIRCUITS AND
DESIGN TO AID OUTCOME BASED TEACHING IN SCHOOL OF
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

1. Summary of Proposed work

This project aims to develop a course module in line with outcome based teaching method at the
undergraduate level in School of Electrical Engineering. The paper outlines the steps to implement
outcome based teaching through project based learning. To illustrate the strategy, two mini
electronic circuits are developed and used as case studies. A series of questions is prepared not only
to help students to test their level of understanding but also to encourage them to think of extensions
to the project. The project shows that it is possible to integrate project based learning into traditional
learning environment to achieve the desired specified outcomes.

2. Background of project

The lecture based teaching practiced for a long time has failed to address the major complaints from
students, teachers and industries. Students cite absence of practical relevance in the lecture as the
reason for losing interest in attending classes, while teachers complain against students lacking
motivation. Though industries appreciate the technical awareness among students they are yet to
acknowledge the problem solving skills of students. Moreover the inability of most of the students to
analyze at the system level is a major weakness as cited by industries. In traditional teaching
methods, emphasis is greater on the individual component rather than the system which is composed
of several such components. This is why most of our students who are capable of analysing a
component very well generally fail to figure out how several verities of such components, integrated
in a real system, function together as one unit. Therefore there is a need for developing a module in
every course to supplement the traditional teaching.

3. Objectives of the project work

a. To expose students to soldering.

b. To make students understand the functioning of occupancy based lighting control and remote
controlled lighting operation.
c. To make students learn the art of component selection for a given application.
d. To develop a supplementary course module to be used by teachers.
e. To frame a set of critically thinking questions that enable students to extend the scope of the
project.

4. Methodology

Two projects are designed and implemented. A manual containing the list of parts, their operating
principles, and function of the complete module along with critical thinking questions has been
prepared. The content developed can be easily adopted by the concerned teacher as a supplement to
the main teaching.

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5. Description:

5.1 Remote controlled operated Switch:

This project enables control of electrical appliances using a TV remote. Thus any appliance can be
remotely operated by anyone with a common TV remote from a distance. Thus the project is very useful
for senior citizens who need assistance for every common chores.

5.1.1 List of components

(a) TSOP.1738
(b) PNP-transistor [bc558]
(c) Decade Counter [Cd4017]
(d) NPN-transistor [bc548]
(e) Relay[5v]

5.1.2 Circuit diagram

Fig.1 Remote controlled switch [1]

Fig.2 Assembled circuit board Fig.3 Expanded view of the control board

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5.1.2.1 TSOP1738:

TSOP 1738 is an infra-red receiver that receives signals from the infra-red remote controller. The output of this
receiver is normally high under the absence of any remote signals and is pulled low when it receives IR signals
from a remote controller. Under normal condition, the high output from TSOP will keep the 100 uF capacitor
charged thereby reverse biasing the PNP transistor.

5.1.2.2 BC558 PNP TRANSISTOR:

The PNP transistor is connected to the output of TSOP and made to conduct by pulling its base low. It remains
OFF as long as the base is high and thus pulls the collector low. The collector output is given to the CLK input of
CD4017 which remains idle as long as the CLK input is at low.

5.1.2.3 CD4017 DECADE COUNTER:

The decade counter CD4017 responds to the rising edge on its clock input. That is, each time its clock input pin is
brought from low (GND in that circuit) to high (+5V), it advances by one count. The output of CD4017 toggles
between HIGH/LOW for every clock pulse, which is fed to BC 548 NPN Transistor.

5.1.2.4 BC 548 NPN TRANSISTOR:

The transistor acts as a switch controlling the relay for controlling the lamp. Unlike the PNP transistor, the NPN
transistor is OFF when its base is low and ON when the base is pulled high. The collector of this transistor drives
a relay which is used to turn ON and OFF a lamp (or any other electrical appliance)

A HIGH output from CD4017 triggers the Relay module, and the lamp is turned ON. Similarly a LOW output
from CD4017 deactivates the Relay, and the lamp is turned OFF.

5.1.2.5 WORKING OF THE CIRCUIT:

In this circuit any TV remote is used to ON/OFF the light by pressing any button of remote. The remote generates
a series of pulses at 38 kHz which are sensed by the TSOP1738 at receiver end. The Receiver circuit is connected
to AC appliance via a relay and other intermediate circuitry and enables remote operation with Just press of any
button.

As soon as the unit is energized, pin 3 (Q0) of IC 4017 becomes high. Under the absence of any signal from the
remote controller, T1 is in OFF condition resulting in a LOW signal at PIN 14 of CD 4017. As a result PIN 2 of
4017 is low and thus keeps T2 in the OFF state. Consequently the relay is under OFF mode.

When any button of IR remote is pressed the output of TSOP goes low causing which in turn causes the PNP
transistor to turn ON. Then the collector pulls PIN 14 (CLK) of 4017 high thus applying a LOW to HIGH signal at
the CLK input. This results in output at Q0 becoming low and PIN 2(Q1) becoming HIGH. PIN 2 triggers T2 and
thus the RELAY module causing the lamp to glow. Now this position will remain until the next clock pulse. Now
that no button is pressed, the TSOP output becomes high and turns off T1. So, CLK (Pin 14) becomes low. Since
4017 responds only to CLK signals transiting from HIGH to LOW, the previous condition at CD4017 prevails. If
the Button of IR remote is pressed again (second clock pulse), output at Q1 becomes LOW and Q2 becomes
HIGH. This will deactivate the Relay and switch off the light. And because Q2 is connected to the RESET pin 15
of 4017, it will reset the IC and again output at Q0 becomes HIGH and Q2 becomes LOW (initial state). So it
works like a toggle switch (Push to ON and push to OFF).

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QUESTIONS:

1. Collect the datasheets of TSOP 1738, relay and CD 4017, and study the function of the them.
2. Why T1 is of PNP and T2 is of NPN type?
3. Why the light once ON stays ON until the remote is pressed again?
4. What are the limitations of this circuit?
5. Identify few extensions to this project.
6. What modifications are required to control an AC.
7. Can multiple loads be connected, if so suggest modifications.

5.2 Occupancy sensory based lighting control:

This project demonstrates the application of PIR sensor that detects human presence to trigger an alarm
or help to turn on an electrical appliance. The Project can be used for occupancy sensing based projects.
5.2.1 List of components

1. HC SR501
2. NPN-transistor [bc548]
3. Relay[5v]

5.2.2 Circuit diagram

Fig.4. Circuit diagram of occupancy sensor based light

Fig.5. OFF and ON status of the lamp

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QUESTIONS:

1. How does the sensor help to control the load?

2. What is the status of the sensor before and after detection of human presence? What’s the
magnitude of the voltage during the ON and OFF conditions?
3. What are the typical applications?
4. Suggest extensions to the project
5. What is the limitation of the circuit and suggest solutions.
6. Based on project 1, briefly explain the functioning of the occupancy sensor based project.(take
care to maintain a logical flow)

6. Expected outcomes:

a. Students should be able to identify the various components of the module.

b. Students should be able to understand the specifications of various components from datasheet.
c. Students should be able to identify the various terminals of the parts.
d. Students should be able to read the circuit diagram and rig the circuit.
e. Students should be able to come up with at least two extensions to the project.

7. Feedback from students.

Strongly agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly

disagree
The mini project exposed my weakness
in the topic
The project helped me to understand
the practical relevance of the topic.
The project gave me confidence to
carryout work independently.
The project has helped me to manage
my time efficiently.
The project has given me ideas on
future extensions.

8. Reference

www.electronicsforu.com
www.electronics.com

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