Efficient, Proximity-Preserving Node Overlap Removal: Journal of Graph Algorithms and Applications

Journal of Graph Algorithms and Applications
http://jgaa.info/ vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 53–74 (2010)
Efficient, Proximity-Preserving Node Overlap

Removal
Emden R. Gansner Yifan Hu
AT&T Labs,
Shannon Laboratory,
180 Park Ave.,
Florham Park, NJ 07932.
Abstract
When drawing graphs whose nodes contain text or graphics, the non-
trivial node sizes must be taken into account, either as part of the initial
layout or as a post-processing step. The core problem in avoiding or
removing overlaps is to retain the structural information inherent in a
layout while minimizing the additional area required. This paper presents
a new node overlap removal algorithm that does well at retaining a graph’s
shape while using little additional area and time. As part of the analysis,
we consider and evaluate two measures of dissimilarity for two layouts of
the same graph.
Submitted: Reviewed: Revised: Accepted:

November 2008 March 2009 May 2009 November 2009
Final: Published:
November 2009 January 2010
Article type: Communicated by:
Regular paper I. G. Tollis and M. Patrignani
E-mail addresses: erg@research.att.com (Emden R. Gansner) yifanhu@research.att.com (Yifan

Hu)
54 Gansner and Hu Efficient Node Overlap Removal
1 Introduction
Most existing symmetric graph layout algorithms treat nodes as points. In
practice, nodes usually contain labels or graphics that need to be displayed.
Naively incorporating this can lead to nodes that overlap, causing information
of one node to occlude that of others. If we assume that the original layout
conveys significant aggregate information such as clusters, the goal of any layout
that avoids overlaps should be to retain the “shape” of the layout based on point
nodes.
The simplest and, in some sense, the best solution is to scale up the drawing
while preserving the node size until the nodes no longer overlap [30]. This has
the advantage of preserving the shape of the layout exactly, but can lead to
inconveniently large drawings. In general, overlap removal is typically a trade-
off between preserving the shape and limiting the area, with scaling at one
extreme.
Many techniques to avoid overlapping nodes have been devised. One ap-
proach is to make the node size part of the model of the layout algorithm. It
is assumed that whatever structure that would have been exposed using point
nodes will still be evident in these more general layouts. For hierarchical lay-
outs, the node size can be naturally incorporated into the algorithm [11, 35].
For symmetric layouts, various authors [3, 19, 28, 37] have extended the spring-
electrical model [7, 12] to take into account node sizes, usually as increased re-
pulsive forces. Node overlap removal can also be built into the stress model [26]
by specifying the ideal edge length to avoid overlap along the graph edges. Such
heuristics, however, cannot guarantee all overlaps will be removed, so they typ-
ically rely on overly large repulsive forces, or the type of post-processing step
considered below. This problem was addressed by Dwyer et al. [5], who showed
how to encode overlap avoidance, as well as many other layout features, as lin-
ear constraints in a stress function, and then optimize the stress function using
stress majorization [13].
An alternative approach is to remove node overlaps as a post-processing
step after the graph is laid out. Here the trade-off between layout size and
preserving the graph’s shape is more explicit. In addition to many of the al-
gorithms mentioned above that can be adapted for this use, a number of other
algorithms have been proposed. For example, the Voronoi cluster busting algo-
rithm [15, 29] works by iteratively forming a Voronoi diagram from the current
layout and moving each node to the center of its Voronoi cell until no overlaps
remain. The idea is that restricting each node to its corresponding Voronoi
cell should preserve the relative positions of the nodes. In practice, because of
the number of iterations often required and the use of a rectangular bounding
box,1 the nodes in the final drawing can be homogeneously distributed within
a rectangle, the graph bearing little resemblance to the original layout.
Another group of post-processing algorithms is based on setting up pairwise
node constraints to remove overlaps and then performing some procedure to
1 The latter might be improved by using something like α-shapes [8] to provide a more
accurate boundary.
JGAA, 14(1) 53–74 (2010) 55
generate a feasible solution. The force scan algorithm [31] and its later vari-
ants [20, 24] proceed along these lines. More recently, Marriott et al. [30, 31]
have presented quadratic programming algorithms which remove node overlaps
while, if desired, minimizing node displacement. All of these techniques rely
on solving separate horizontal and vertical problems. They behave differently
if the layout is rotated by a degree that is not a multiple of π/2. We have also
found that, in practice, this asymmetry often results in a layout with a distorted
aspect ratio (e.g., Figure 4, bottom right).
One desideratum proposed [31] for overlap removal is the preservation of
orthogonal ordering, i.e., the relative ordering of the x and y coordinates of
two nodes should be the same in the original layout and the one with overlaps
removed. Thus, if a node is above and to the left of another node in the original
layout, it is above and to the left in the derived one. The idea is that, in
this manner, a user’s “mental map” of the graph is better preserved. Many of
the algorithms described above either inherently preserve orthogonal ordering,
or have simple variations that do. While preserving orthogonal ordering can
be important, it alone cannot ensure that the relative proximity relations [23]
between nodes are preserved. At other times, it is too restrictive, causing two
highly-related nodes to be moved far apart due to some largely unrelated third
node. For these reasons, our approach is to concentrate on proximity relations
and not deal with orthogonal ordering.
In this paper, we focus on the problem of removing overlaps rather than
avoiding them. To this end, we discuss (Section 3) metrics for the similarity
between two layouts which we believe better quantify the desired outcome of
overlap removal than minimized displacement or such simpler measures as as-
pect ratio or edge ratio (the ratio of the longest and the shortest edge lengths).
We then present (Section 4) a node overlap removal algorithm based on a prox-
imity graph of the nodes in the original layout. Using this graph as a guide,
it iteratively moves the nodes, particularly those that overlap, while keeping
the relative positions between them as close to those in the original layout as
possible. The algorithm is similar to the stress model [26] used for graph layout,
except that the stress function involves only a sparse selection of all possible
node pairs. Because of this sparse stress function, the algorithm is efficient and
is able to handle very large graphs. In Section 5, we evaluate our algorithm
and others using the proposed similarity measures. Finally, Section 6 presents
a summary and topics for further study.
2 Background
We use G = (V, E) to denote an undirected graph, with V the set of nodes
(vertices) and E edges. We use |V | and |E| for the number of vertices and
edges, respectively. We let xi represent the current coordinates of vertex i
in Euclidean space. For this paper we are interested in 2D layout, therefore
xi ∈ R2 .
The aim of graph drawing is to find xi for all i ∈ V so that the resulting
drawing gives a good visual representation of the information in the graph. Two
popular methods, the spring-electrical model [7, 12], and the stress model [26],
both convert the problem of finding an optimal layout to that of finding a
minimal energy configuration of a physical system. We shall describe the stress
model in more detail since we will use a similar model for the purpose of node
overlap removal in Section 4.
The stress model assumes that there are springs connecting all nodes of
the graph, with the ideal spring length equal to the graph theoretical distance
between nodes. The energy of this spring system is
!
wij ("xi − xj " − dij ) 2 , (1)
i!=j
where dij is the graph theoretical distance between vertices i and j, and wij is a
weight factor, typically 1/dij 2 . The layout that minimizes the above stress en-
ergy is an optimal layout of the graph. There are several ways to find a solution
of the minimization problem. An iterative approach can be employed. Starting
from a random layout, the total spring force on each vertex is calculated, and
the vertex is moved along the direction of the force for a certain step length.
This process is repeated, with the step length decreasing every iteration, until
the layout stabilizes. Alternatively, a stress majorization technique can be em-
ployed, where the cost function (1) is bounded by a series of quadratic functions
from above, and the process of finding an optimum becomes that of solving a
series of linear systems [13].
In the stress model, the graph theoretical distance between all pairs of ver-
tices has to be calculated, leading to quadratic complexity in the number of
vertices. There have been attempts (e.g., [2, 13]) to simplify the stress function
by considering only a sparse portion of the graph. Our experience, however,
with real-life graphs is that these techniques may fail to yield good layouts.
Therefore, algorithms based on a spring-electrical model employing a multi-
level approach and an efficient approximation scheme for long range repulsive
forces [18, 22, 36] are still the most efficient choices to lay out large graphs
without consideration of the node size.
3 Measuring Layout Similarity

The outcome of an overlap removal algorithm should be measured in two aspects.
The first aspect is the overall bounding box area: we want to minimize the area
taken by the drawing after overlap removal. The second aspect is the change
in relative positions. Here we want the new drawing to be as “close” to the
original as possible. It is this aspect that is hard to quantify.
When total node movement is optimized [6, 24], comparison is reduced to
measuring the amount of displacement of the vertices in the new layout from
those of the original graph. This measurement does not take into account pos-
sible shifts, scalings or rotations, nor the importance of maintaining the relative
position among vertices.
JGAA, 14(1) 53–74 (2010) 57
As far as we are aware, there is no definitive way to measure similarity of

two layouts of the same graph. We adopt two approaches. The first approach
is based on measuring changes in lengths of edges. The second approach, which
is a modification of the metric of Dwyer et al. [6], is based on measuring the
displacement of vertices, after discounting shift, scaling and rotation.
Before defining these two measures of similarity, we first introduce the con-
cept of a proximity graph. A proximity graph is a graph derived from a set of
points in space: points that are “neighbors” to each other in the space form
an edge in the proximity graph. There are many ways to create a proximity
graph [25]. In this paper, we shall work with the Delaunay triangulation (DT),
which is an approximation to the proximity graph, and has the advantage being
rigid. Two points are neighbors in DT if and only if there exists a sphere passing
through these two points, and no other points lie in the interior of this sphere.
One way to measure the similarity of two layouts is to measure the distance
between all pairs of vertices in the original and the new layout. If the two
layouts are similar, then these distances should match, subject to scaling. This
is known as Frobenius metric in the sensor localization problem [9]. Calculating
all pairwise distances is expensive for large graphs, both in CPU time and in
the amount of memory. As we want a metric feasible for very large graphs, we
instead form a DT of the original graph, then measure the distance between
vertices along the edges of the triangulation for the original and new layouts.2
If x0 and x denote the original and the new layout, and EP is the set of edges
in the triangulation, we calculate the ratio of the edge length
"xi − xj "
rij = , {i, j} ∈ EP ,
"x0i − x0j "
then define a measure of the dissimilarity as the normalized standard deviation
"!
{i,j}∈EP(rij −r̄)2
|EP |
σdist (x0 , x) = ,
r̄
where
1 !
r̄ = rij
|EP |
{i,j}∈EP
is the mean ratio.

The reason we measure the edge length ratio along edges of the proximity
graph, rather than along edges of the original graph, is that if the original
graph is not rigid, then even if two layouts of the same graph have the same
edge lengths, they could be completely different. For example, think of the
graph of a square, and a new layout of the same graph in the shape of a non-
square rhombus. These two layouts may have exactly the same edge lengths,
2 Another possibility would be to sample O(|V |) out of the |V |(|V | − 1)/2 possible vertex
pairs. Some care is needed in making sure that the resulting graph is rigid.
4 3
4 3
1 2 1 2
Figure 1: The edge lengths of these two layouts of a non-rigid graph are exactly
the same, but the layouts are clearly different.
but are clearly different (see Figure 1). The rigidity of the triangulation avoids
this problem.
Notice that σdist (x0 , x) is not symmetric with regard to which layout comes
first. Furthermore, in theory, this non-symmetric version could class a layout
and a foldover of it (e.g., a square grid with one half folded over the other) as
the same. We can symmetrize it by defining the dissimilarity between layout x
and x0 as (σdist (x0 , x) + σdist (x, x0 ))/2. This also resolves the “foldover prob-
lem”. The symmetric version may be more appropriate if we are comparing two
unrelated layouts. Since, however, we are comparing a layout derived from an
existing layout, we feel that the asymmetric version is adequate.
An alternative measure of similarity is to calculate the displacement of ver-
tices of the new layout from the original layout [6]. Clearly a new layout derived
from a shift, scaling and rotation should be considered identical. Therefore we
modify the straight displacement calculation by discounting the aforementioned
transformations. This is achieved by finding the optimal scaling, shift and ro-
tation that minimize the displacement. The optimal displacement is then a
measure of dissimilarity.
We denote by scalars r and θ the scaling and rotation,
# $
cos(θ) sin(θ)
T = (2)
− sin(θ) cos(θ)
the rotation matrix, p ∈ R2 the translation, and define the displacement dissim-
ilarity as
!
σdisp (x0 , x) = minp∈R2 ,θ,r∈R "rT xi + p − x0i "2 , (3)
i∈V
This is a known problem in the Procrustes analysis [1, 16] and the solution (the
Procrustes statistic) is
T T 1
σdisp (x0 , x) = tr(X 0 X 0 ) − (tr((X T X 0 X 0 X) 2 )2 tr(X T X), (4)
where tr(A) is the trace of a matrix A, X is a matrix with columns xi − x̄, X 0
is a matrix with columns x0i − x̄0 , and x̄ and x̄0 are the centers of gravity of the
new and original layout.
JGAA, 14(1) 53–74 (2010) 59
j
j
i i
Figure 2: Nodes i and j overlap (left). The overlap factor, according to (5), is
min((2 + 2)/3, (1 + 2)/2) = 1.33. Expanding the edge i − j by 33% removes the
overlap (right).
In the above we do not consider shearing, since we believe a layout derived

from shearing of the original should not be considered identical to the latter.
The quality of an overlap removal algorithm is a combination of how similar
the new layout is to the original, and how small an area it occupies. The
simplest overlap removal algorithm is that of scaling the layout until all overlaps
are removed. This has a dissimilarity of 0, but usually occupies a very large
area. The alternative extreme is to pack the nodes as close to each other as
possible while ignoring the original layout. This will have the smallest area, but
a large dissimilarity. A good solution should be a compromise between these
two extremes. We now describe one candidate.
4 A Proximity Stress Model for Node Overlap

Removal
Our goal is to remove overlaps while preserving the shape of the initial layout by
maintaining the proximity relations [23] among the nodes. To do this, we first
set up a rigid “scaffolding” structure so that while vertices can move around,
their relative positions are maintained. This scaffolding is constructed using an
approximate proximity graph, in the form of a Delaunay triangulation (DT).
Once we form a DT, we check every edge in it and see if there are any node
overlaps along that edge. Let wi and hi denote the half width and height of
the node i, and x0i (1) and x0i (2) the current X and Y coordinates of this node.
If i and j form an edge in the DT, we calculate the overlap factor of these two
nodes
% % & &
wi + wj hi + hj
tij = max min , ,1 . (5)
|x0i (1) − x0j (1)| |x0i (2) − x0j (2)|
For nodes that do not overlap, tij = 1. For nodes that do overlap, such overlaps
can be removed if we expand the edge by this factor, see Figure 2. Therefore
we want to generate a layout such that an edge in the proximity graph has the
ideal edge length close to tij "x0i − x0j ". In other words, we want to minimize the
following stress function
!
wij ("xi − xj " − dij ) 2 . (6)
(i,j)∈EP
Here dij = sij "x0i − x0j " is the ideal distance for the edge {i, j}, sij is a scaling
factor related to the overlap factor tij (see (7)), wij = 1/"dij"2 is a weighting
factor, and EP is the set of edges of the proximity graph. We call (6) the
proximity stress model in obvious analogy.
Because DT is a planar graph, which has no more than 3|V | − 6 edges, the
above stress function has no more than 3|V | − 6 terms. Furthermore, because
DT is rigid, it provides a good scaffolding that constrains the relative position
of the vertices and helps to preserve the global structure of the original layout.
It is important that we do not attempt to remove overlaps in one iteration
by using the above model with sij = tij . Imagine the situation of a regular mesh
graph, with one node i of particularly large size that overlaps badly with its
nearby nodes, but the other nodes do not overlap with each other. Suppose
nodes i and j form an edge in the proximity graph, and they overlap. If we
try to make the length of the edge equal tij "x0i − x0j ", we will find that tij is a
number much larger than 1, and the optimum solution to the stress model is to
keep all the other vertices at or close to their current positions, but move the
large node i outside of the mesh, at a position that does not cause overlap. This
is not desirable because it destroys the original layout. Therefore we damp the
overlap factor by setting
sij = min(tij , smax ) (7)

and try to remove overlap a little at a time. Here smax > 1 is a number limiting
the amount of overlap we are allowed to remove in one iteration. We found that
smax = 1.5 works well.
After minimizing (6), we arrive at a layout that may still have node overlaps.
We then regenerate the proximity graph using DT and calculate the overlap
factor along the edges of this graph, and redo the minimization. This forms an
iterative process that ends when there are no more overlaps along the edges of
the proximity graph.
For many graphs, the above algorithm yields a drawing that is free of node
overlaps. For some graphs, however, especially those with nodes having extreme
aspect ratios, node overlaps may still occur. Such overlaps happen for pairs of
nodes that are not near each other, and thus do not constitute edges of the
proximity graph. Figure 3(a) shows the drawing of a graph after minimizing
(6) iteratively, so that no more node overlap is found along the edges of the
Delaunay triangulation. Clearly, node 2 and node 4 still overlap. If we plot
the Delaunay triangulation (Figure 3(b)), it is seen that nodes 2 and 4 are not
neighbors in the proximity graph, which explains the overlap.
To overcome this situation, once the above iterative process has converged
so that no more overlaps are detected over the DT edges, we apply a scan-
JGAA, 14(1) 53–74 (2010) 61
8 7 6 8 7 6
9 5 9 5
11 11
10 4 with an extremely looong label 10 4 with an extremely looong label

2 with a 2 with a
1 tall 3 1 tall 3
label label
Figure 3: (a): A graph layout where nodes 2 and 4 overlap. (b): the proximity
graph (Delaunay triangulation) of the current layout. No two nodes linked by
an edge of the proximity graph overlap.
line algorithm [6] to find all overlaps, and augment the proximity graph with
additional edges, where each edge consists of a pair of nodes that overlap. We
then re-solve (6). This process is repeated until the scan-line algorithm finds
no more overlaps. We call our algorithm PRISM (PRoxImity Stress Model).
Algorithm 1 gives a detailed description of this algorithm.
Algorithm 1 Proximity stress model based overlap removal algorithm (PRISM)

Input: coordinates for each vertex, x0i , and bounding box width and height
{wi , hi }, i = 1, 2, . . . , |V |.
repeat
Form a proximity graph GP of x0 by Delaunay triangulation.
Find the overlap factors (5) along all edges in GP .
Solve the proximity stress model (6) for x. Set x0 = x.
until (no more overlaps along edges of GP )
repeat
Form a proximity graph GP of x0 by Delaunay triangulation.
Find all node overlaps using a scan-line algorithm. Augment GP with edges
from node pairs that overlap.
Find the overlap factor (5) along all edges of GP .
Solve the proximity stress model (6) for x. Set x0 = x.
until (no more overlaps)
We now discuss some of the main computational steps in the above algo-
rithm. Delaunay triangulation can be computed in O(|V | log |V |) time [10, 17,
27]. We used the mesh generator Triangle [33, 34] for this purpose.
The scan-line algorithm can be implemented to find all the overlaps in
O(l|V |(log |V | + l)) time [6], where l is the number of overlaps. Because we
only apply the scan-line algorithm after no more node overlaps are found along
edges of the proximity graph, l is usually a very small number, hence this step
can be considered as taking time O(|V | log |V |).
The proximity stress model (6), like the spring model (1), can be solved
using the stress majorization technique [13] which is known to be a robust

process for finding the minimum of (1). The technique works by bounding
(6) with a series of quadratic functions from above, and the process of finding
an optimum becomes that of finding the optimum of the series of quadratic
functions, which involves solving linear systems with a weighted Laplacian of the
proximity graph. We solve each linear system using a preconditioned conjugate
gradient algorithm. Because we use DT as our proximity graph and it has no
more than 3|V | − 6 edges, each iteration of the conjugate gradient algorithm
takes a time of O(|V |).
Overall, therefore, Algorithm 1 takes O(t(mk|V | + |V | log |V |)) time, where
t is the total number of iterations in the two main loops in Algorithm 1, m is
the average number of stress majorization iterations, and k the average number
of iterations for the conjugate gradient algorithm.
In practice, we found that the majority of CPU time is spent in repeatedly
solving the linear systems (which takes a total time of O(tmk|V |)). We ter-
minate the conjugate gradient algorithm if the relative 2-norm residual for the
linear system involved in the stress majorization process is less than 0.01. A
tighter tolerance is not necessary because the solution of each linear system con-
stitutes an intermediate step of the stress majorization. Furthermore, solution
of the proximity stress model (6) is an intermediate step itself in Algorithm 1,
so we do not need to solve (6) accurately either. Hence we set a limit of mmax
iterations. By experimentation, we found that a smaller value mmax gives a
faster algorithm, and that, in terms of quality, a smaller mmax is often just as
good as, if not better than, a larger value of mmax . Therefore, we set mmax = 1.
5 Numerical Results
To evaluate the PRISM algorithm and other overlap removal algorithms, we ap-
ply them as a post-processing step to a selection of graphs from the Graphviz [14]
test suite. This suite, part of the Graphviz source distribution, contains many
graphs from users. As such, these are good examples of the kind of graphs
actually being drawn.
Our baseline algorithm is Scalable Force Directed Placement (SFDP) [22], a
multilevel, spring-electrical algorithm. Using the layout of SFDP, we then apply
one of the overlap removal algorithms to get a new layout that has no node
overlaps, and compare the new layout with the original in terms of dissimilarity
and area.
In Table 1, we list the 14 test graphs, the number of vertices and edges, as
well as CPU time3 for PRISM and three other overlap removal algorithms. The
graphs are selected randomly with the criteria that a graph chosen should be
connected, and is of relatively large size. We compared PRISM with an imple-
mentation of the solve VPSC algorithm [6] provided by its authors. We also
evaluated the companion algorithm satisfy VPSC. This offered, at best, a 2%
3 All timings were derived on a 4 processor, 3.2 GHz Intel Xeon CPU, with 8.16 GB of
memory, running Linux.

JGAA, 14(1) 53–74 (2010) 63
Table 1: Comparing the CPU time (in seconds) of several overlap removal al-
gorithms. Initially the layout is scaled to an average edge length of 1 inch.
Graph |V | |E| PRISM VPSC VORO ODNLS

b100 1463 5806 1.44 14.85 350.7 258.9
b102 302 611 0.14 0.10 4.36 5.7
b124 79 281 0.03 0.01 0.02 0.5
b143 135 366 0.04 0.01 0.47 1.3
badvoro 1235 1616 0.54 71.15 351.51 73.6
mode 213 269 0.09 0.09 2.15 2.1
ngk10 4 50 100 0.01 0.00 0.02 0.14
NaN 76 121 0.01 0.01 0.11 0.27
dpd 36 108 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.1
root 1054 1083 0.89 7.81 398.49 46.9
rowe 43 68 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.1
size 47 55 0.01 0.00 0.06 0.09
unix 41 49 0.01 0.00 0.04 0.07
xx 302 611 0.13 0.10 8.19 5.67
reduction in time, while producing almost identical results concerning displace-

ment, dissimilarity and area. For this reason, in the sequel, we only consider
the solve VPSC algorithm, hereafter denoted as VPSC.4 We also evaluated the
Voronoi cluster busting algorithm [15, 29], denoted by VORO, as well as the
ODNLS algorithm of Li et al. [28], which relies on varied edge lengths in a spring
embedder. We note, in passing, that we also tested scaling using the algorithm
of Marriott et al. [30]. As expected, it outperformed all other algorithms in
terms of speed and dissimilarity, but at an unacceptably high cost in area. For
example, on the b143 graph, the time and dissimilarity were essentially 0 but
the area was 82.2. Overall, scaling produced areas at least 4.5 times larger than
PRISM and, more typically, at least an order of magnitude larger. We therefore
remove scaling from further consideration.
The initial layout by SFDP is scaled so that the average edge length is 1 inch.
From the table, it is seen that PRISM is usually faster, particularly for large
graphs on which it scales much better. The others are slow for large graphs,
with VORO the slowest.
Table 2 compares the dissimilarities and drawing area of the four overlap
removal algorithms. The smaller the dissimilarities and area, the better.
The ODNLS algorithm performs best in terms of smaller dissimilarity, fol-
lowed by PRISM, VPSC and VORO. In terms of area, PRISM and VPSC are
pretty close, and both are better than ODNLS and VORO, which can give ex-
4 Both versions of the VPSC algorithm can be extended to support the preservation of
orthogonal ordering. We did not have an opportunity to check these versions.

tremely large drawings. Indeed, in terms of area, scaling outperformed ODNLS

and VORO in 20%-30% of the examples.
Comparing PRISM with VPSC, Table 2 shows that PRISM gives smaller
dissimilarities most of the time. The two dissimilarity measures, σdist and σdisp ,
are generally correlated, except for ngk10 4 and root. Based on σdist , VPSC
is better for these two graphs, while based on σdisp , PRISM is better. The
first row in Figure 4 shows the original layout of ngk10 4, as well as the result
after applying PRISM and VPSC. Through visual inspection, we can see that
PRISM preserved the proximity relations of the original layout well. VPSC
“packed” the labels more tightly, but it tends to line up vertices horizontally
and vertically, and also produces a layout with aspect ratio quite different from
the original graph. It seems that σdist is not as sensitive in detecting differences
in aspect ratio. This is evident in drawings of the root graph (Figure 4, second
row): VPSC clearly produced a drawing that is overly stretched in the vertical
direction, but its σdist is actually smaller! Consequently, we conclude that σdisp
may be a better dissimilarity measure.
The fact that VPSC can produce very tall and thin, or very short and wide,
layouts is not surprising, and has been observed often in practice. VPSC works
in the vertical and horizontal directions alternatively, each time trying to remove
overlaps while minimizing displacement. As a result, when starting from a layout
with severe node overlaps, it may move vertices significantly along one direction
to resolve the overlaps, creating drawings with extreme aspect ratios. In fact,
for 9 out of 14 test graphs, VPSC produces layouts with extreme aspect ratios.
PRISM does not suffer from this problem.
When starting from a layout that is scaled sufficiently so that relative fewer
nodes overlap, VPSC’s performance can be improved. Table 3 compares the
four overlap removal algorithms, starting from layouts that are scaled to give
an average edge length that equals 4 times the average node size. Here the size
of a node is calculated as the average of its width and height.
From the table, we can see that in terms of dissimilarity, PRISM and VPSC
are now similar, closer to the better performing ODNLS. In terms of drawing
area, PRISM is better than VPSC, with VORO and ODNLS much larger. When
visually inspected, VPSC again suffers from extreme aspect ratio issue on at
least 5 out of the 14 graphs (b100, b143, badvoro, mode, root). Figure 5
shows the layout of badvoro (first row), on which VPSC performed badly based
on the two similarity measures. In the same figure, we also show b124 (second
row), on which PRISM is rated worse than VPSC based on the same measures.
On badvoro it is clear that VPSC performed badly, as the similarity measures
suggest. On the other hand, if we look at b124, VPSC perhaps performed better
than PRISM, but not as clearly as the similarity measures suggest. Overall,
visual inspection of the drawings of these 14 graphs, as well as drawings for
graphs in the complete Graphviz test suite (a total of 204 graphs in March
2008), shows that PRISM performs very well, and is overall better and faster
than VPSC and VORO. The ODNLS algorithm preserves similarity somewhat
better than PRISM, but at much higher costs in term of speed and area.
Considering a larger collection of graphs, Table 4 compares PRISM with
JGAA, 14(1) 53–74 (2010) 65
Table 2: Comparing the dissimilarities and area of overlap removal algorithms.

Results shown are σdist , σdisp and area. Area is measured with a unit of 106
square points. Initially the layout is scaled to an average length of 1 inch.
Graph PRISM VPSC

σdist σdisp area σdist σdisp area
b100 0.74 0.38 14.05 0.76 0.72 18.91
b102 0.44 0.25 2.45 0.58 0.8 2.71
b124 0.65 0.37 1.04 0.78 0.73 0.91
b143 0.59 0.35 1.5 0.78 0.83 2.16
badvoro 0.34 0.15 12.58 0.61 0.75 13.85
mode 0.59 0.37 0.79 1.02 0.77 1.29
ngk10 4 0.41 0.16 0.33 0.39 0.3 0.25
NaN 0.4 0.2 0.72 0.54 0.65 0.71
dpd 0.34 0.18 0.25 0.51 0.4 0.18
root 0.71 0.3 16.99 0.6 0.75 17.68
rowe 0.33 0.14 0.22 0.44 0.31 0.19
size 0.37 0.2 0.47 0.77 0.74 0.4
unix 0.39 0.23 0.39 0.51 0.67 0.36
xx 0.42 0.25 3.96 0.57 0.82 3.9
Graph VORO ODNLS
b100 - - - 0.33 0.20 1.02E3
b102 0.8 0.3 31.79 0.30 0.16 53.13
b124 0.86 0.39 13.42 0.33 0.19 14.79
b143 0.99 0.45 22.91 0.49 0.34 23.79
badvoro 2.29 0.65 3.01E3 0.31 0.26 318.66
mode 0.97 0.54 10.84 0.38 0.27 49.45
ngk10 4 0.48 0.26 0.52 0.22 0.13 2.30
NaN 0.56 0.28 5.04 0.26 0.15 5.10
dpd 0.48 0.32 0.45 0.37 0.29 1.30
root 4.09 0.94 6.93E9 0.29 0.22 950.01
rowe 0.49 0.26 0.95 0.27 0.12 2.10
size 0.62 0.35 1.27 0.32 0.20 4.14
unix 0.6 0.35 0.85 0.26 0.13 2.35
xx 0.97 0.34 58.83 0.29 0.14 74.00
26
37
44
42 41
1 40
22
26 26 30 2
28
1 1 44
42
37
47 38
31 29
3
44 42 3741 9
22 41 8
30 40 3 30 40 13 24 39
11 32
20
22 29
20 29
2 31 32 47 2 31 8
28
3 25 16
10 33
6
47 8 28 32 49 18 35
13 38 933 13 9 20
15 48
16 10 6 38 10 50 46
24 39 11 46 39 11
16
33 6 14 7
49 18 35 25 43 48 24
46 12 43
45
14 49 35
25
27
7 1250 19 15 45 48 34
18
50 43
14 7 15 19
34 27 45
36
36 17 4 34 27
12
19
21 5
17 4
5 17 4
23 23 5
36 21
21 23
ngk10 4 ngk10 4+PRISM ngk10 4+VPSC 3ef07ae75d29a707
805004328dad9d315d
3d475ea3aeca51b60212dd
5838586c293d455
f4c69e5e212f89348122e8
6b3f3fa236bb90592d23a
678bf739c344b9ad41da1
dd12f26f8d9bb55
6fb7a84e370ef70feac5cb
30d9d350943c0e3ff7594b50
6d4a4a5a5af91b895272c30
4280833ef80172
4280833ef80172
4280833ef80172
83c397b8bf7f
396b16a892fe
396b16a892fe
83c397b8bf7f
83c397b8bf7f
396b16a892fe
5d69639a5e3bdd3d
e0ad365c2fb444358201
3124d3a6ed3381a6341c6
293a225dc56dd1e0564e6bb
b5e86c73d1198f
d550a7f392c787661aadd48
b07bbdc8cca5985d4c4
b5e86c73d1198f
fe4e848cb5291ee59a2
0b8694c9ef9b27b9c3d8
e7a887d88c2318beba51
81e20155999fa64e0ae6fd
284f14a259991806654e74
46125fcc583c0f494a3a1d3
6139fa6adc88d
236E
bbe0a8f93dc1
e3aefac763
bb5e89c8963
e3aefac763
278E
358E
50023f6f88
df5dba74c75b228de48c
e3aefac763
2342b759c03
9d8988c0945d6
4280833ef80172
4280833ef80172
db6c4213a717bc
398E
71512ec7d43f958f2b6da
7e493ee44b28
3f0a2b4eb62f
552E
214E
634E
438E
402E
400E
406E
768E
448E
408E
504E
476E
404E
216E
efe092824916a5637ee35d439589
da24f74aad2ff519009d1f38c
16da5f1301b36df4df0f
1c07453d584f3d14b1876fdb
4a36db80f1ab1e97
460aed10cc9
460aed10cc9
460aed10cc9
460aed10cc9 51e045ca826077ae765
8fa622d9f842c5572a545ed72982
666f11bb45c3a8dcf26e1ed79
34c8c8dc0f6e41c7e7b2
c4d32527b670afb370d643
d93a80739fc1edb41a11b7294
86569bffb49adf6b3d0ebac
69fdd1a1f4768c5efe7
c4f31ea3844e12da27ad47c6
383db224d7508ef072bea21d0
17dafa5ebaafd48440e3
d378760b814eaecb6efe636e0efc4 e842
412E b69e426d974e1907e88
30c3f3bf8463d3843dc57d8e98
4dccb
e851f5ddd920
c90f755c8b6612d
2832ed5cea6 48398d080dfcccced48da1980
e153c6e676c7369b285b4e9033a
3f16509139c7dad5163b91799
e03b8bc0435a
660ffeb76fc59
35b8742610
fb16636aae
975fedfb64df
b5f038f79a3
81bcc35f82891
fe6be3206549f5b5564acde84783
3089106e3b
00cbeb87c182ca0785f
663E
3089106e3b
731857fe189fb398e80a0594
e842
317E
b5c747cc9
3089106e3b
56292d076643
3711
866808df
82a65ed4b69
431430c49
bf
9be88247 0bc7f8f513e0e74b270
23dc3a52fed9c119610b5e8
e1e4c23db39d8bd633c3a
6331b3f
244E
f3c4311de0e931f08c232b
1a830d9f
c71aa521578164debd0c5
8b092
ce b4ce21e0a3df1d097277d6
51ec95518d1b3
3089106e3b
05fed5e ff07977fca5513098d220d1eb3a
3b6b2c549de670d7bf5fc0ee
d13da6273c9b4da
664E
e1fa7f549e5a0893bb42da5
c5255d
010957669f3770aac
1ed5d7f63b8c6
84907547f36d0ff7
318E
c3bbf4 155d892827c33ed3cae3
a9497e0757b0969bde707ed5
681E a849f9d352e
bbb13dc62adf2de2a42b6
5c6a2
a3b6df27179b175c88fa4c9cf9f
aff6d7896e0e142bbc3e78
71e6b
a849f9d352e
78
4f05b a849f9d352e
ad9142a65f5eab78b4ca5e
8292af691429f8d9ed481ff71ffd 6282bc21f6
3db761b596844f133c
3ef07ae75d29a707
916c686a1e82dba72524a
682E 6a3c6921b0aeceda3
f4c69e5e212f89348122e8
3d475ea3aeca51b60212dd
805004328dad9d315d
5838586c293d455
c10cb9baf4dcb43e24 78
a97ef281eafc34b1630d450a1df
e920b915087
6fb7a84e370ef70feac5cb
678bf739c344b9ad41da1
6b3f3fa236bb90592d23a
dd12f26f8d9bb55
de34214b4c258c9333ec3
a141a557a60912051f3c135
4856000a6802ddfc121ef40432297
876d120b38b0e88817
30d9d350943c0e3ff7594b50
6d4a4a5a5af91b895272c30
541ab86a2e
69ce90c9b2 71e6b
be233fafa38d931d894
460aed10cc9
6577
4280833ef80172
4280833ef80172
d2498
0f5db6ce12751ddcc64e
396b16a892fe
396b16a892fe
83c397b8bf7f
83c397b8bf7f
e920b915087
a849f9d352e
f33ec11db496f7bfcb024f
212af4
f36cce089
d550a7f392c787661aadd48
b07bbdc8cca5985d4c4
293a225dc56dd1e0564e6bb
e0ad365c2fb444358201
3124d3a6ed3381a6341c6
5d69639a5e3bdd3d
b5e86c73d1198f
dd84fe6a65cfac7bca03ebd 89a36b13f8c344b
3ef07ae75d29a707 a5a
b701e7
fe4e848cb5291ee59a2
3d475ea3aeca51b60212dd 5838586c293d455
ac6e99186 c
587E f2e7cc
e7a887d88c2318beba51
81e20155999fa64e0ae6fd
0b8694c9ef9b27b9c3d8
49E 648E
e5 a849f9d352e 16c3ae29c0bc713
f2a57e4d4f0cec516891e3 cfdf1932665dcb4cd3c
284f14a259991806654e74
8a9eb2806b0aa
247e407f45b353f8
46125fcc583c0f494a3a1d3
6139fa6adc88d
236E
454E
71e6b
462E
e3aefac763
50023f6f88
bb5e89c8963
bbe0a8f93dc1
e3aefac763
358E
278E
805004328dad9d315d
380E
6b3f3fa236bb90592d23a
4ff4e275c710c3b
df5dba74c75b228de48c
9d8988c0945d6
4280833ef80172
e3aefac763
2342b759c03
74e86
30d9d350943c0e3ff7594b50 bb828f1a326
297E 459E
e9
964b86fc1bba0e
4280833ef80172
71512ec7d43f958f2b6da
db6c4213a717bc
398E
9652ab8b55fdb2a36d1f3fe020
9dd5bf47f
a4c7d0
bd2484
4f6f7f
7e493ee44b28
cf
678bf739c344b9ad41da1
7ab64a969
3f0a2b4eb62f
552E
28533c bce
f4c69e5e212f89348122e8
69 316E
4280833ef80172 66c0220688a999aaf7f1702d1
438E
402E
768E
400E
634E
214E
406E
6d4a4a5a5af91b895272c30
588E
dd12f26f8d9bb55
360E
504E
448E
408E
476E
67513d
298E 460E 8e24e9b4e
72cbb37db85ed3c6eda5dcf8
404E
418E
71a48d11b2e7e56b1df128bd
216E
6fb7a84e370ef70feac5cb 396b16a892fe
70815f0352b43dc1562133ab6eb
396b16a892fe 4280833ef80172 0f6784e49852c0be0da23b16
4280833ef80172
ef8b68bb5772f3
8cd4d
67b6a4dca3a6d
6bce02baf91781a831e1b95
6c541cad8de1b15
83c397b8bf7f
3e814305b42beb41b8c706
33ff9e43d5ab
6236a67933a619a6a3d48
f52a45620969f0df4e6ae1dcd7
83c397b8bf7f
90cc275011c2013c61eb11 c935c7f4d1090ac
31f2f9aef958979f9f3532b9b
efe092824916a5637ee35d439589
4f2e020854dfacce46a12
396b16a892fe
d4f958b03a98
5d69639a5e3bdd3d 03716a2c341e5edaa31
4cc20a0b7651e486
5256925081c812
1c07453d584f3d14b1876fdb
da24f74aad2ff519009d1f38c
16da5f1301b36df4df0f
be8f4199f
383f5c65cc6c25aa0a0e6dbb
50962c93b4cb293f5beb59eb
b5c747cc9
83c397b8bf7f
4a36db80f1ab1e97
1c08373 f66fe4df3d189e69ce10c9c 151E
5f2592b20f13356b7fc8b42 41a8b095c7fd3
5ce1fcfb042b
1c08373
375E 1322fb0818783e6f9a4f173d47c52
666f11bb45c3a8dcf26e1ed79 8fa622d9f842c5572a545ed72982 d550a7f392c787661aadd48 b07bbdc8cca5985d4c4 171192dc1f8e6ea551548a910c00
be8f4199f e079d2c
e0ad365c2fb444358201 eccfe5ff0af70fe9fbec8b2360f90
460aed10cc9
21407f8a6d7
be8f4199f e079d2c
1ff8ff951ee9
483E 21407f8a6d7
460aed10cc9
293a225dc56dd1e0564e6bb
531806429433
b5e86c73d1198f
01db23a60422ba93a68611cc0
f22c27c0f0a54e
f490de272a7f6e4af346d40
9696c0950295d8cb5
8fa622d9f842c5572a545ed72982 51e045ca826077ae765
629e42
d285240b89cb
c6b5321a
1f5df34ad75a55a76ef4afa0a47
3124d3a6ed3381a6341c6
be8f4199f
666f11bb45c3a8dcf26e1ed79
34c8c8dc0f6e41c7e7b2 c4d32527b670afb370d643
151bcc2a8de7ea634
e7a887d88c2318beba51 fe4e848cb5291ee59a2
00265
34c8c8dc0f6e41c7e7b2 6139fa6adc88d
26a185dde9a93dd
d93a80739fc1edb41a11b7294 86569bffb49adf6b3d0ebac
aeb8
248df40dae 8d0d8314d211d80
d93a80739fc1edb41a11b7294
86569bffb49adf6b3d0ebac
69fdd1a1f4768c5efe7
473E
b5e86c73d1198f
b1ffbabb24d71f67d1e0ce23c51
376E
08769f73d31c1a99be2d9363f
383db224d7508ef072bea21d0
17dafa5ebaafd48440e3 e842
236E 04767
05d4b1ed6a6135eec3abd3f2
d378760b814eaecb6efe636e0efc4 412E b69e426d974e1907e88

f0d99f16
484E
04904a458422a5b9
30c3f3bf8463d3843dc57d8e98
4dccb e851f5ddd920
383db224d7508ef072bea21d0 0b8694c9ef9b27b9c3d8
5c609b12c 22bd92e302816
284f14a259991806654e74 e3aefac763 50023f6f88 81e20155999fa64e0ae6fd

629e42 761e0f72f95
e153c6e676c7369b285b4e9033a
3f16509139c7dad5163b91799
c90f755c8b6612d
2832ed5cea6 48398d080dfcccced48da1980
e842
199E 3089106e3b 15d44ab97
69fdd1a1f4768c5efe7 358E bb5e89c8963

2e53009d4a375
474E
7e494b
78b2d75d00166
e03b8bc0435a
660ffeb76fc59
975fedfb64df
35b8742610
b5f038f79a3
fb16636aae
c29ce10bb8d19b498355aa04
a6a196a504c3a7657d1fa41
81bcc35f82891 b5c747cc9
6e186b
1c08373
d378760b814eaecb6efe636e0efc4
fe6be3206549f5b5564acde84783
00cbeb87c182ca0785f 56292d076643
866808df
200E
4280833ef80172 9d8988c0945d6
cd856f
a7167d5eb5408b3839903
dea1d1
3089106e3b
663E 431430c49
30c3f3bf8463d3843dc57d8e98 e3aefac763 278E e3aefac763
d382 6c89dc59ee7aaebbbd6bb64
46125fcc583c0f494a3a1d3
230cc6bbc66b24eae94fa03d
17dafa5ebaafd48440e3 bbe0a8f93dc1
731857fe189fb398e80a0594
97c9d726e27304311901a52ce
335E
336E
3089106e3b
82a65ed4b69
317E
3711
bf 0bc7f8f513e0e74b270
5a0b4b906a 459236f07c73814faf5
46969c4 bb828f1a326
e1e4c23db39d8bd633c3a
51ec95518d1b3
9be88247
1a830d9f
6331b3f
8b092
244E
ce 23dc3a52fed9c119610b5e8
c71aa521578164debd0c5
f3c4311de0e931f08c232b
b4ce21e0a3df1d097277d6
4f8c642b53c349c687534bda35db
da24f74aad2ff519009d1f38c 51e045ca826077ae765
a7a7f3681dad1250b01cf80bc17
e153c6e676c7369b285b4e9033a 4280833ef80172
3b6b2c549de670d7bf5fc0ee
05fed5e e1fa7f549e5a0893bb42da5
ff07977fca5513098d220d1eb3a
d13da6273c9b4da
ef2d4636934472
c90f755c8b6612d 4dccb
8c8b5bde6
8c8b5bde6
398E 2342b759c03
1ed5d7f63b8c6
c5255d
664E 010957669f3770aac
5f865c374cb3fe976dd376b8
1c07453d584f3d14b1876fdb
18083a711d
a9497e0757b0969bde707ed5
681E
c3bbf4
318E 155d892827c33ed3cae3
84907547f36d0ff7
47cd70f 3eca1f94dc181
3f16509139c7dad5163b91799
30cc206b1878485
e03b8bc0435a b9ae94e6935503603341ecf4
a3b6df27179b175c88fa4c9cf9f
aff6d7896e0e142bbc3e78
bbb13dc62adf2de2a42b6
5c6a2 a849f9d352e
71e6b
428E 23ad1
2832ed5cea6 214E
f496bcf0889b301d77819c
8292af691429f8d9ed481ff71ffd
ad9142a65f5eab78b4ca5e
4f05b
682E 3db761b596844f133c
a849f9d352e
78 6282bc21f6
660ffeb76fc59 16da5f1301b36df4df0f
c54f0fc1e05
438E 552E ddfeabe456a9de5f5784
c10cb9baf4dcb43e24 916c686a1e82dba72524a
6a3c6921b0aeceda3
a97ef281eafc34b1630d450a1df
7816c3ae29c0bc713
402E df5dba74c75b228de48c
699e3db878047
4a36db80f1ab1e97 e842
aa868f65c34cdb64f1fad19a
db6c4213a717bc
9ab6c66dc
4856000a6802ddfc121ef40432297
876d120b38b0e88817
a141a557a60912051f3c135 71e6b
de34214b4c258c9333ec3
00cbeb87c182ca0785f 81bcc35f82891 975fedfb64df c4d32527b670afb370d643
60d0128bdb61ae40e98638bd1391
b630e1af6ae1997f0e8ba750
fe6be3206549f5b5564acde84783
460aed10cc9
69ce90c9b2
541ab86a2e
6577 be233fafa38d931d894
0bc7f8f513e0e74b270 b4ce21e0a3df1d097277d6
23ad1
634E 48398d080dfcccced48da1980
792fd6f9df1fa1e33
35b8742610
dd84fe6a65cfac7bca03ebd
0f5db6ce12751ddcc64e
f36cce089
d2498
212af4 f33ec11db496f7bfcb024f
e920b915087
89a36b13f8c344b
a7c99ccf6ddf6f5ebbe
504E 448E 768E 14a3c17f3d
162E
ac6e99186 a5a
fb16636aae
5c81103c751345d0ee0f4bd
460aed10cc9 406E 71512ec7d43f958f2b6da e851f5ddd920

78cc16f965adc5f712ea2372c6
f2a57e4d4f0cec516891e3
e5
587E
cf49E 8a9eb2806b0aa
247e407f45b353f8
a849f9d352e
b701e7
f2e7cc
648E
454E
cbcecfdf1932665dcb4cd3c
b5c747cc9
f29dfb9 23ad1 c4fd8
460aed10cc9 400E aac615ae78 b23526044 7528dd86b
b5f038f79a3
bb828f1a326
297E 380E
462E
71e6b
f8ff39eab120851f143bf19
731857fe189fb398e80a0594 3089106e3b 460aed10cc9 408E b69e426d974e1907e88

40f253cd228f7ac2d0aee
663E f3c4311de0e931f08c232b
4d22e1
9652ab8b55fdb2a36d1f3fe020
74e86
4ff4e275c710c3b
459E
e9 964b86fc1bba0e
bbb13dc62adf2de2a42b6 010957669f3770aac 23ad1
550E
bd2484
9dd5bf47f
7ab64a969
a4c7d0
4f6f7f
28533c
866808df
6f578c5128
3089106e3b
391256c872
4e3cfd27a
7e493ee44b28 d6125ef42bd9958 a3ff993
360E
588E
69 66c0220688a999aaf7f1702d1
316E 8e24e9b4e
efe092824916a5637ee35d439589 c71aa521578164debd0c5 56292d076643 e842
427E
bdbdb31bd777fb65dd6dd2d0e7
3711
298E
67513d 460E
82a65ed4b69 460aed10cc9 a3b6df27179b175c88fa4c9cf9f
1112164c2f7a 78c8463eac110ba7
bf
d8f4a9e463a1e89217f
412E a9012b7bb5
71a48d11b2e7e56b1df128bd 418E 72cbb37db85ed3c6eda5dcf8

e1e4c23db39d8bd633c3a 3089106e3b
e65185ca
e1fa7f549e5a0893bb42da5
3dafb9a29c00
9be88247
8cd4d 70815f0352b43dc1562133ab6eb
0f6784e49852c0be0da23b16
67b6a4dca3a6d
ef8b68bb5772f3
317E 23dc3a52fed9c119610b5e8
8d5137b16a 3b63cdc0f
aff6d7896e0e142bbc3e78 476E 84907547f36d0ff7

2c514b0cd8f7d3
431430c49
4c6c8c 6b1bb9b0e
6bce02baf91781a831e1b95
3e814305b42beb41b8c706 6c541cad8de1b15
3b566eaa70ed401479d43a9
a849f9d352e
4c6c8c 97a7eea3f
6331b3f
90cc275011c2013c61eb11
6236a67933a619a6a3d48
31f2f9aef958979f9f3532b9b f52a45620969f0df4e6ae1dcd7
c935c7f4d1090ac
33ff9e43d5ab
1a830d9f 244E 8b092 ce a9497e0757b0969bde707ed5
b46b0756dba915943839e90a55
c10cb9baf4dcb43e24
499f6985db294c
4f2e020854dfacce46a12
03716a2c341e5edaa31
4cc20a0b7651e486 d4f958b03a98
2ced414a91575a48f2dd29a
4dbf4395236fb03ed
71a48d11b2e7e56b1df128bd 6282bc21f6
50962c93b4cb293f5beb59eb
1c08373 f66fe4df3d189e69ce10c9c
5256925081c812
b5c747cc9
3b6b2c549de670d7bf5fc0ee a849f9d352e
4c6c8c
3089106e3b 51ec95518d1b3 3f0a2b4eb62f

4a9d79c960b8d33e39251e5f66
69ce90c9b2
4b683
a849f9d352e
5f2592b20f13356b7fc8b42
1c08373 1322fb0818783e6f9a4f173d47c52
41a8b095c7fd3
5ce1fcfb042b
151E
71e6b 155d892827c33ed3cae3 916c686a1e82dba72524a ff07977fca5513098d220d1eb3a
5be631dff7b97697be7dc0a2f07f2
3dcf8f454
8292af691429f8d9ed481ff71ffd
171192dc1f8e6ea551548a910c00
be8f4199f
375E 531806429433
1ff8ff951ee9
05fed5e 876d120b38b0e88817
1aaaab063 a164d9f60fbbdd
460aed10cc9 78
6c998bf2a5edd 3e048573fd
541ab86a2e ad9142a65f5eab78b4ca5e
2d886da042b5384b4
eccfe5ff0af70fe9fbec8b2360f90 21407f8a6d7
e079d2c
e079d2c 9696c0950295d8cb5
f22c27c0f0a54e
6577 3bec1c012b498
f28b78d4803c
6a3c6921b0aeceda3 78
01db23a60422ba93a68611cc0
f490de272a7f6e4af346d40
629e42
483E 21407f8a6d7
1f5df34ad75a55a76ef4afa0a47
151bcc2a8de7ea634
d285240b89cb
b36e0be6f67fc25286127456
6bce02baf91781a831e1b95 3e814305b42beb41b8c706 be8f4199f 1ed5d7f63b8c6 d2498 404E a5a 3db761b596844f133c de34214b4c258c9333ec3

a54d477232
87a7e69a72412
be8f4199f
c6b5321a 248df40dae 26a185dde9a93dd
c3c93c700edc0cb4f95f03c04
c5255d d13da6273c9b4da 062fc905b9eb35
08769f73d31c1a99be2d9363f
473E
00265
376E
aeb8 b1ffbabb24d71f67d1e0ce23c51
22bd92e302816
8d0d8314d211d80
216E
d7c27cc6f7b02a31eb64d
664E dd84fe6a65cfac7bca03ebd f2e7cc e920b915087 a97ef281eafc34b1630d450a1df 5fdf
ac6e99186 be233fafa38d931d894
05d4b1ed6a6135eec3abd3f2
f0d99f16
04767
85221d5e9e
318E f36cce089 a141a557a60912051f3c135 c5acd20cad2

73d12
87a7e69a72412
c3bbf4 9dd5bf47f
5c609b12c
629e42
199E
484E
04904a458422a5b9
3089106e3b 761e0f72f95
15d44ab97
7e494b
b701e7 71e6b
1e1fbbe14ac24e0518 c8fc17180bea86
1c08373 681E c
330342f283ef2
4f2e020854dfacce46a12 16c3ae29c0bc713 cfdf1932665dcb4cd3c
c29ce10bb8d19b498355aa04
2e53009d4a375
474E 78b2d75d00166
421 4c6c8c deb3089920548bf1ecb23f0d
90cc275011c2013c61eb11 6236a67933a619a6a3d48 e5
a5520019b8a73bc141b5fd416a
87a7e69a72412
a6a196a504c3a7657d1fa41
1c08373
cd856f
6e186b
200E
1c08373 a4c7d0 03716a2c341e5edaa31 648E 00d0dd018fe879f96 73e6ed83012
89a36b13f8c344b
bc4824f07a9d2bba6 73ca543bf1
f33ec11db496f7bfcb024f
dea1d1
d382 a7167d5eb5408b3839903
af4a1fac3e2076
4856000a6802ddfc121ef40432297 212af4 a849f9d352e

3219b6b71443
5c6a2 f2a57e4d4f0cec516891e3 8a9eb2806b0aa 454E

e06cc38155ff6781cf944d745
230cc6bbc66b24eae94fa03d
97c9d726e27304311901a52ce
335E 6c89dc59ee7aaebbbd6bb64
4f6f7f 0f5db6ce12751ddcc64e
6b5aaa4bdf44b2c898854
c6b5321a
87a7e69a72412
462E
09e64744536c5e1
964b86fc1bba0e
5a0b4b906a
336E bb828f1a326
459236f07c73814faf5
c0b727 62f36ea98a
297E 4cc20a0b7651e486 e920b915087 38f162cf917ce7298663a1f1c607
50962c93b4cb293f5beb59eb be8f4199f
4f8c642b53c349c687534bda35db
46969c4
dd2ba36
00265 cf 7ab64a969 837ebf4bde22e1f1535cb662
f66fe4df3d189e69ce10c9c 9652ab8b55fdb2a36d1f3fe020
99237fce1358 238805e2194c3
a7a7f3681dad1250b01cf80bc17
ef2d4636934472
8c8b5bde6
8c8b5bde6
587E a849f9d352e 8e24e9b4e
0a185946ee443342b07d8e1
5f2592b20f13356b7fc8b42 375E 682E 8cd4d 69 28533c 380E 247e407f45b353f8

87a7e69a72412
5f865c374cb3fe976dd376b8
47cd70f 18083a711d
4f05b
d0eb84 b354cd9e9dbb0bfa
aeb8 f490de272a7f6e4af346d40 e079d2c

3828a2c682419423cf
bd2484
784E c471b6fdbfb852661
3eca1f94dc181
360E 49E 21407f8a6d7 21407f8a6d7 74e86
2
e9
351dd0aefe480c
e079d2c
30cc206b1878485
3a0ff0
376E 588E
a9058241db5b6b6c25569acdf5
171192dc1f8e6ea551548a910c00 4ff4e275c710c3b
428E b9ae94e6935503603341ecf4
ebd8ffc2ac3a90efb8af9
be8f4199f 04767 3089106e3b 04904a458422a5b9 bb828f1a326 71e6b

56e1a896
be6b73bd46a7a5183e8c91a
aa868f65c34cdb64f1fad19a
f496bcf0889b301d77819c
ddfeabe456a9de5f5784
699e3db878047
c54f0fc1e0523ad1
eccfe5ff0af70fe9fbec8b2360f90 70815f0352b43dc1562133ab6eb 444189d179b5db71fe
52126553e52385d16
d4b2
483E
792fd6f9df1fa1e33
60d0128bdb61ae40e98638bd1391
9ab6c66dc 23ad1a7c99ccf6ddf6f5ebbe
298E bce
a031c9192ae8e75
f4bef37b6a94bfd00
15d44ab97 6c89dc59ee7aaebbbd6bb64
fcbd9ad14139718bc6fcc8b4
391256c872 78cc16f965adc5f712ea2372c6
5c81103c751345d0ee0f4bd
14a3c17f3d
162E c4fd8
f0d99f16 316E
593caebf2037317648bb451aa79
629e42
8606837526d81cdec
aac615ae78
f29dfb9 23ad1 7528dd86b
484E
76889f7d35e
391256c872 761e0f72f95 66c0220688a999aaf7f1702d1

675E
aa868f65c34cdb64f1fad19a bb828f1a326 67513d 459E 0f6784e49852c0be0da23b16

32979f8cf86
f2c7b3bb4d44f977d0ab8a42351
f8ff39eab120851f143bf19
40f253cd228f7ac2d0aee
4d22e1
b23526044
01db23a60422ba93a68611cc0
23c1ec53358d237c1 b2babf3244213
7e494b 78b2d75d00166
a54092a3033f7d5e41e0a76c1
be8f4199f 5c609b12c 248df40dae 418E 5f865c374cb3fe976dd376b8 460E
427Ed6125ef42bd9958
bdbdb31bd777fb65dd6dd2d0e7 550E
6f578c5128
4e3cfd27a
a3ff993
b3cadc253f7
ca3d67754cf62fdafbf0a1e0
baba65f670ee34a88 a7fe7
d8f4a9e463a1e89217f
1112164c2f7a a9012b7bb5
78c8463ea
22bd92e302816
1ebeec 4c82921f4ad3f07066540
459236f07c73814faf5 5ba4693031
2c514b0cd8f7d3
3dafb9a29c00
8d5137b16a e65185ca
3b63cdc0f
c110ba7
473E 2e53009d4a375
1467f017b74e fb58e11
b4dfef6
964cb56d8f69ff058
b9ae94e6935503603341ecf4
3b4fdad8e0429d112 403126
3b566eaa70ed401479d43a9
4c6c8c 6b1bb9b0e
97c9d726e27304311901a52ce 1112164c2f7a 31f2f9aef958979f9f3532b9b 72cbb37db85ed3c6eda5dcf8
e7ef998 75b14f1719d
08769f73d31c1a99be2d9363f a7a7f3681dad1250b01cf80bc17 a7167d5eb5408b3839903 3eca1f94dc181

ad1dd724f1c3e e3a76d31ca59a
499f6985db294c4c6c8c
2ced414a91575a48f2dd29a
b46b0756dba915943839e90a55
97a7eea3f
d8f4a9e463a1e89217f d6125ef42bd9958 67b6a4dca3a6d
a7e89580 79b69c612 4f0cbd3fbf0cb1e8c
474E 30cc206b1878485
cab04b7c14a 724dabdce9744d061
02f5daf56e299b8a8ecea892
4dbf4395236fb03ed
ef2d4636934472
9fe65061641 2e1313c
05d4b1ed6a6135eec3abd3f2 629e42
a84844dfd0052b3b5
4c6c8c
199E
3c2a62e0e5e9f7 8e2d970b2f820ee35
ef8b68bb5772f3
12fcb26b3de00ef98719c2ca
499f6985db294c
5be631dff7b97697be7dc0a2f07f2
4a9d79c960b8d33e39251e5f66
3dcf8f454
4b683 a164d9f60fbbdd
cab04b7c14a
b1ffbabb24d71f67d1e0ce23c51 6c541cad8de1b15
a7fe7
ddfeabe456a9de5f5784
16c508ab98483d430bbe
428E 162E 14a3c17f3d c935c7f4d1090ac

ef13d45b1277ac9a0444adb
1aaaab063 8c8b5bde6 8c8b5bde6

585E
1aaaab063
6c998bf2a5edd
cab04b7c14a ee91c97828
c29ce10bb8d19b498355aa04 6e186b 200E 4c6c8c f496bcf0889b301d77819c 18083a711d 5c81103c751345d0ee0f4bd

00880e6f50c765ebc1f85d3e9
2d886da042b5384b4
3bec1c012b498 3e048573fd
3b566eaa70ed401479d43a9 60d0128bdb61ae40e98638bd1391
ae32701 4348f3abcb7716 c2f32e2cf9
1c08373 cd856f 23ad1 825c7994d5da13afe519861818
f28b78d4803c
b36e0be6f67fc25286127456
a54d477232
23ad1
ca5af2 cd6
cab04b7c14a b082f7a5ff
f52a45620969f0df4e6ae1dcd7
87a7e69a72412
90dccb18c0
427E 47cd70f 792fd6f9df1fa1e33 c54f0fc1e05 699e3db878047 6f578c5128 41a8b095c7fd3 33ff9e43d5ab

fd28c194a46fde909b019c52f
1e1fbbe14ac24e0518
052bb6e3
c5acd20cad2 85221d5e9e
d7c27cc6f7b02a31eb64d
062fc905b9eb35
73d12
5fdf
dea1d1 d382 4c6c8c b5c747cc9
11180ae7706510211bc4
4c6c8c 4d22e1 d4f958b03a98

2ef949c4a39b aebb7b91b
aac615ae78 f29dfb9
1e1fbbe14ac24e0518 330342f283ef2 c8fc17180bea86

a6a196a504c3a7657d1fa41 b23526044
34d06d1ed6
254E
affb2d716803a2d3e
335E
340E
9ab6c66dc 78cc16f965adc5f712ea2372c6 f8ff39eab120851f143bf19

e17fea65
00d0dd018fe879f96
421
a5520019b8a73bc141b5fd416a
4c6c8c deb3089920548bf1ecb23f0d
87a7e69a72412
73e6ed83012
23ad1
e7ef998
550E
536264e787cf70469
5ce1fcfb042b
f
cc3f63d
a
bc4824f07a9d2bba6
3219b6b71443
e06cc38155ff6781cf944d745
af4a1fac3e2076
73ca543bf1
57f7fd2eecec93c8b
617809d979f
4b683 78c8463ea
672E e49aaa5cc4e44355d6a0
5be631dff7b97697be7dc0a2f07f2 c0b727 4dbf4395236fb03ed 4e3cfd27a
837ebf4bde22e1f1535cb662
6b5aaa4bdf44b2c898854
dd2ba36
c0b727 38f162cf917ce7298663a1f1c607
09e64744536c5e1
62f36ea98a
4c6c8c
eccf7c722ddf
336E 6b5aaa4bdf44b2c898854 5256925081c812

e4dba079d5fcb1f165920a3bf
8d5137b16a 3dafb9a29c00 2c514b0cd8f7d3 151E

296E 3acbf8a1537e4e1a1
d0eb84
99237fce1358
b354cd9e9dbb0bfa
0a185946ee443342b07d8e1
238805e2194c3
87a7e69a72412
dd2ba36 bdbdb31bd777fb65dd6dd2d0e7
a7d2 713db1c1 4f2de229621272
230cc6bbc66b24eae94fa03d 46969c4 837ebf4bde22e1f1535cb662 3dcf8f454 23ad1

647 285E 8896166adc0
3828a2c682419423cf
784E
df61d5f5fc 5807acd8d58e006f43
a9012b7bb5 b46b0756dba915943839e90a55 f22c27c0f0a54e 319E

07283
472a156cf2b55f
4f35e206816c3bd22
96deede0c6b44119
ebd8ffc2ac3a90efb8af9
351dd0aefe480c
a9058241db5b6b6c25569acdf5
3a0ff0 c471b6fdbfb852661
252126553e52385d16
332E
6bbd5b422edb8e358dcc20eecf9
784E 3b63cdc0f a3ff993 1322fb0818783e6f9a4f173d47c52

626E
f20f7f513e
6c998bf2a5edd c110ba7
320E
be6b73bd46a7a5183e8c91a
444189d179b5db71fe
56e1a896 a031c9192ae8e75
d4b2
5a0b4b906a 421
75eea05672a5
32979f8cf86 e7ef998
3bbfc7bfdbbb1ba1bfad7517
96325ea
4a9d79c960b8d33e39251e5f66 531806429433
76889f7d35e 593caebf2037317648bb451aa79
f4bef37b6a94bfd00
fcbd9ad14139718bc6fcc8b4
793E
f28b78d4803c 3bec1c012b498 a164d9f60fbbdd 1ff8ff951ee9 644f112bb0aa452ee7040a 15b3ad672cd2f713a
d495de0b35f6
23c1ec53358d237c1
32979f8cf86 a54092a3033f7d5e41e0a76c1
baba65f670ee34a88
b2babf3244213
ca3d67754cf62fdafbf0a1e0
f2c7b3bb4d44f977d0ab8a42351
8606837526d81cdec
b3cadc253f7
675E
23c1ec53358d237c1 d285240b89cb
637E b473716
2ced414a91575a48f2dd29a e65185ca
09847696ae
4f8c642b53c349c687534bda35db
52f247fc3b e8ebe1bf5f421c1223
76889f7d35e 3e048573fd
638E
2d886da042b5384b4
b4dfef6
1ebeec
5ba4693031 4c82921f4ad3f07066540
a7fe7
6b1bb9b0e
93ea0
ebd8ffc2ac3a90efb8af9 3828a2c682419423cf c5acd20cad2 c8fc17180bea86 b36e0be6f67fc25286127456

8593dcf973b110d00cecdc1e756
3b4fdad8e0429d112
ad1dd724f1c3e
e7ef998 79b69c612 1467f017b74e
964cb56d8f69ff058
75b14f1719d
e3a76d31ca59a
fb58e11
403126
1b34fb150 3aeb78ea51020a44f2d2615436dae
cab04b7c14a cab04b7c14a a7e89580 9696c0950295d8cb5

1d792d81
cab04b7c14a
02f5daf56e299b8a8ecea892
a7e89580 9fe65061641
724dabdce9744d061 4f0cbd3fbf0cb1e8c
d0eb84 bc4824f07a9d2bba6
73ba1714ee
330342f283ef2 87a7e69a72412 151bcc2a8de7ea634

a96e47ff37983425a3e452095
16c508ab98483d430bbe
3c2a62e0e5e9f7
cab04b7c14a
12fcb26b3de00ef98719c2caa84844dfd0052b3b5
8e2d970b2f820ee35
2e1313cef13d45b1277ac9a0444adb
a7fe7
f72564578be 6505e29f4a11d9530
66abc181ac4 89a2505da6179a80202d4a6c3
85221d5e9e 97a7eea3f 062fc905b9eb35 e2a5d11499b7e 5782807b5f575e0a8
00880e6f50c765ebc1f85d3e9
cab04b7c14a ee91c97828
585E c2f32e2cf9
3b4fdad8e0429d112 ad1dd724f1c3e 351dd0aefe480c a54d477232 73ca543bf1 73e6ed83012 262E
40b49a5a9bb256c7a3286e56
d e618df70814a
3b0c08dd2ca
cab04b7c14a
ae32701 ca5af2
4348f3abcb7716
825c7994d5da13afe519861818
cd6
cab04b7c14a 444189d179b5db71fe
e8b bba6e6e194ccf
ae32701 be6b73bd46a7a5183e8c91a 3a0ff0 00d0dd018fe879f96 d7c27cc6f7b02a31eb64d 26a185dde9a93dd 1f5df34ad75a55a76ef4afa0a47

27709106
2ef949c4a39b
e7ef998
340E
254E
11180ae7706510211bc4
fd28c194a46fde909b019c52f
90dccb18c0
052bb6e3
aebb7b91b
b082f7a5ff
c471b6fdbfb852661
97284d4c3a5d499853f0e
2
1ed67841
8d0d8314d211d80
45ba4d4c61c9601a26d59e47e0260
73d12 87a7e69a72412
1f4f0fdf
47e0067f4d853afd2012f04daa8
a472a156cf2b55f
f5807acd8d58e006f43
536264e787cf70469
34d06d1ed6
cc3f63d
e17fea65 affb2d716803a2d3e
b354cd9e9dbb0bfa a5520019b8a73bc141b5fd416a
cab04b7c14a
8a
99bd3e7feeb710
5fdf
92fb5d4a0805
af4a1fac3e2076
eccf7c722ddf
617809d979f
a7d2
296E
672E
e49aaa5cc4e44355d6a0
713db1c1
57f7fd2eecec93c8b
3acbf8a1537e4e1a1
62f36ea98a
294E
e7ef998 99237fce1358 f4bef37b6a94bfd00

fa90ddf10bd574
56e1a896 38f162cf917ce7298663a1f1c607
644E
cab04b7c14a
6ba0776fc8e
b4dfef6
e4e2f4e6d
3c2a62e0e5e9f7
8d6e6e0cd9b842a47
df61d5f5fc
319E
07283
332E 647 285E 4f2de229621272
d8896166adc0
16c508ab98483d430bbe 69f2611acc42c36ed7cc
654E
e8386a8e1c8a
c4fd8
e3e284d0cc803d98d674f9c3f6d
3bbfc7bfdbbb1ba1bfad7517
626E
320E 96325ea
4f35e206816c3bd22
96deede0c6b44119 f20f7f513e
09e64744536c5e1
b12441ecff15fa12c
a3781072b
deb3089920548bf1ecb23f0d a7c99ccf6ddf6f5ebbe
256E
f 1ebeec
51e74bec5513083bb
79b69c612 40f253cd228f7ac2d0aee
274E
644f112bb0aa452ee7040a
52f247fc3b
637E
93ea0
638E 793E
15b3ad672cd2f713a
75eea05672a5
3ba7afb0e48ae1
254E
226E
a9058241db5b6b6c25569acdf5
548c0081a62132b44
3219b6b71443
94da691e20e3
238805e2194c3
e4ae306d9bd669c70
87a7e69a72412
8593dcf973b110d00cecdc1e756
1b34fb150 e8ebe1bf5f421c1223
3aeb78ea51020a44f2d2615436dae
b473716 d495de0b35f6
09847696ae
a031c9192ae8e75
f55670
086 952316a1a5a785
617809d979f a54092a3033f7d5e41e0a76c1
508E
a
9f 290907417e13
593caebf2037317648bb451aa79 8606837526d81cdec
a96e47ff37983425a3e452095
cab04b7c14a
66abc181ac4
f72564578be
73ba1714ee
1d792d81 6505e29f4a11d9530
89a2505da6179a80202d4a6c3
5782807b5f575e0a8
800422ab81d804eef3e7b91dfba91
00880e6f50c765ebc1f85d3e9 675E 63a3d4fb9d38a0182be6e39e76

f787d827958c
40b49a5a9bb256c7a3286e56
e2a5d11499b7e
262E
e8b bba6e6e194ccf 3b0c08dd2ca
e618df70814a
340E 9fe65061641 baba65f670ee34a88 1927c743a0d440a5a0
cab04b7c14a
88d8b220746882d
2a9caef7
2ef949c4a39b
1f4f0fdf
27709106
1ed67841
97284d4c3a5d499853f0e 8d6e6e0cd9b842a47
45ba4d4c61c9601a26d59e47e0260
47e0067f4d853afd2012f04daa8
6ba0776fc8e
fa90ddf10bd574
e8386a8e1c8a
99bd3e7feeb710
92fb5d4a0805
319bc900218b
6a80cbe
02f5daf56e299b8a8ecea892 d4b2 e06cc38155ff6781cf944d745 7528dd86b

63b079bd5847
eccf7c722ddf b3cadc253f7
cab04b7c14a
585E 52126553e52385d16 87a7e69a72412

4e8259973f1f
cab04b7c14a
e4e2f4e6d
644E
294E
8a 51e74bec5513083bb
e3e284d0cc803d98d674f9c3f6d
a3781072b
3ba7afb0e48ae1
319E 12fcb26b3de00ef98719c2ca fcbd9ad14139718bc6fcc8b4
30417faf916
df61d5f5fc a7d2 1467f017b74e b2babf3244213 75b14f1719d a7fe7

d2647f8b6d8661d08
69f2611acc42c36ed7cc
b12441ecff15fa12c
256E
654E 548c0081a62132b44
e4ae306d9bd669c70
086
9f
800422ab81d804eef3e7b91dfba91
290907417e13
952316a1a5a785
af4abb0d6a99
4c82921f4ad3f07066540
2dd8cc4d693415f93c0f8fc f95344b0ae31693f3a2746597d4
296E 672E
e343cea291b79a2ed4e
94da691e20e3
f55670
226E
274E
508E
63a3d4fb9d38a0182be6e39e76 88d8b220746882d
f787d827958c
ee91c97828 4348f3abcb7716 5ba4693031 ca3d67754cf62fdafbf0a1e0 fb58e11 64ef1d545
b79798b186d6b82288e8be4017d
815cc0b83d733
1927c743a0d440a5a0
cab04b7c14a
6a80cbe 2a9caef7
319bc900218b
30417faf916
63b079bd5847
4e8259973f1f
964cb56d8f69ff058
3b0a8a1c2e5050bd d7203571944b
966d271c22e75c7538 ef6361295eba07
ca5af2
2dd8cc4d693415f93c0f8fc
cab04b7c14a af4abb0d6a99
d2647f8b6d8661d08
e343cea291b79a2ed4e
b79798b186d6b82288e8be4017d
f95344b0ae31693f3a2746597d4
d17f8f4eeb8e63d
0a185946ee443342b07d8e1
6a80cbe 4e4a79111d
644f112bb0aa452ee7040a 3bbfc7bfdbbb1ba1bfad7517 93ea0 332E a84844dfd0052b3b5 724dabdce9744d061 403126

1a220eb692c
4379b5ed 01938827
2e1313c f2c7b3bb4d44f977d0ab8a42351 87a7e69a72412

11f088bfd8 6a91
966d271c22e75c7538
4379b5ed
6a80cbe 3b0a8a1c2e5050bd
64ef1d545
ef6361295eba07 815cc0b83d733
d7203571944b
637E 07283 11180ae7706510211bc4 ca5af2
bfc6564cbdeeffac00a141
84e4ede82074
11f088bfd8
bfc6564cbdeeffac00a141
4e4a79111d
01938827 6a91 d17f8f4eeb8e63d
1a220eb692c
052bb6e3 8e2d970b2f820ee35 e3a76d31ca59a 4f0cbd3fbf0cb1e8c
a49284e9 9
90dccb18c0 fd28c194a46fde909b019c52f 8e69341faa4489 f2b6201774de40a29b504b1f716
8e69341faa4489
617809d979f
a49284e9
52f247fc3b
ca5af2 7c13bf753da
7c1767485953d9c2
99b6c f2b6201774de40a29b504b1f716
617809d979f 7c1767485953d9c2
52f247fc3b
7c13bf753da
cab04b7c14a
2573e1bf51f1b307f4640
668d6360022573e1bf51f1b307f4640
84e4ede82074 d58478d9c273ad4f4b2e091324
626E 647 d495de0b35f6 668d636002 84e4ede82074 d58478d9c273ad4f4b2e091324
45ba4d4c61c9601a26d59e47e0260 2f43cba12702078b4e0d3bfdae2bc
ee91c97828
a9a36ef02f 4ad5d68f07981a
a9a36ef02f ee91c97828 4ad5d68f07981a

a96e47ff37983425a3e452095 cd6 a7fe7
7c7c 76E
825c7994d5da13afe519861818
cca7040e47789
4f04c39708f
320E b082f7a5ff 4f2de229621272 09847696ae 3c1edc8de4795936

2759e82e30d6d
2759e82e30d6d
4f04c39708f
8ea965ab6ee8dedb6c3333e9
7c7c 76E cca7040e47789
638E cc3f63d affb2d716803a2d3e
8ea965ab6ee8dedb6c3333e9
e49aaa5cc4e44355d6a0 34d06d1ed6 aebb7b91b ef13d45b1277ac9a0444adb 47e0067f4d853afd2012f04daa8

fbba7215e7c13173a60206 ff9d64ddf49a20f
fbba7215e7c13173a60206
c32d2697e8
8be752bc95d436a90493bec9
84e4ede82074 ff9d64ddf49a20f
8be752bc95d436a90493bec9
c32d2697e8 84e4ede82074
53069e384a2 450d3a2d49cbfd
6a91
20949455f573f
52f247fc3b f72564578be e618df70814a
450d3a2d49cbfd
40b49a5a9bb256c7a3286e56
53069e384a2 20949455f573f
6a91
ea920d9f5b295119
969a58db14386cb9d2f51ec
10a7d61c201c67a5e78542807cd
19398d3cd6b9c674f
549fa15d68f0b3bee6192f888cd8
c8a6c26d4fd9f
19398d3cd6b9c674f
e2a5d11499b7e 73ba1714ee 1d792d81 8593dcf973b110d00cecdc1e756 536264e787cf70469 57f7fd2eecec93c8b 8896166adc0 89a2505da6179a80202d4a6c3 3b0c08dd2ca ef42184297591d
c8a6c26d4fd9f
f722890f70a32dce3baff371a
44cbb41a9cfc15497eacd294
ac34ec0f0488b17ec
969a58db14386cb9d2f51ec
285E e17fea65 4f35e206816c3bd22

10a7d61c201c67a5e78542807cd
99bd3e7feeb710
9b6c
9fe716e738eaea34e
1b34fb150 5807acd8d58e006f43 f20f7f513e 800422ab81d804eef3e7b91dfba91
549fa15d68f0b3bee6192f888cd8
66abc181ac4 c2f32e2cf9 a2984b7a11e49440420058c1d80

f722890f70a32dce3baff371a
609E 5997cb0c083422
2a47a6a27
ac34ec0f0488b17ec
615cd6b5e3d21c
44cbb41a9cfc15497eacd294
92fb5d4a0805
eff3468631dd4
e8b 6ba0776fc8e
9fe716e738eaea34e
609E 5997cb0c083422
262E 472a156cf2b55f 15b3ad672cd2f713a 96deede0c6b44119 3acbf8a1537e4e1a1 75eea05672a5 a3781072b
a8f0fe2eb7bc1471
cfff3acd8e9d
57948adb5dead f6e6236b48bc3
cf5a6049ad
47ebc3f17
331675c046693f
2a47a6a27
e4e2f4e6d 96325ea 793E 713db1c1 de9efa12873949

a8f0fe2eb7bc1471
eff3468631dd4
0a49c95f107c0aa57c9b5748
06209
2e31175cbd52fcd08360fe86d20
efb52b499303115c33fd
69f2611acc42c36ed7cc
06209 57948adb5dead
5782807b5f575e0a8 e3e284d0cc803d98d674f9c3f6d
cfff3acd8e9d cf5a6049ad
e8386a8e1c8a fa90ddf10bd574
58e3dcc618 b656f0ed2202b8e46eb
32c958c9997
f6e6236b48bc3
47ebc3f17
952316a1a5a785 f95344b0ae31693f3a2746597d4 35b941379e1af658078cffb83a2

0a49c95f107c0aa57c9b5748
bba6e6e194ccf d
3aa0ce5efcf79bc3ecced1886e89
1f4f0fdf 1ed67841 294E e8ebe1bf5f421c1223 88d8b220746882d 2e31175cbd52fcd08360fe86d20
cab04b7c14a 27709106 2a9caef7

58e3dcc618 efb52b499303115c33fd
6505e29f4a11d9530
eee44624da
817 65fd8495
6819fd5a6cdd280dd
f5d636e14a6cd716362158d
f7b22b9640
b473716 3aeb78ea51020a44f2d2615436dae
32c958c9997
af4abb0d6a99 8d6e6e0cd9b842a47 c71043819b6a79 345d26b3f821fe 7e0b91491c8c8566892cd9a0889 b656f0ed2202b8e46eb
65fd8495
6bf214d9e7fa5f2df
a387210a27b
69f4ecb77d
3aa0ce5efcf79bc3ecced1886e89
1927c743a0d440a5a0 654E 817

eee44624da
65fd8495
f7b22b9640
3ba7afb0e48ae1
7c0ab977f5a3c4ab6d625f5033
8be0efdd94a6383e87fbfded4f
558d8534f92fddfe
51192117f9b4
2f43cba12702078b4e0d3bfdae2bc
815cc0b83d733
f5d636e14a6cd716362158d
274E 9f 086 e343cea291b79a2ed4e 1333074979f2d0b 6819fd5a6cdd280dd
256E
9c1305d59c37e9be9f13d7d049c
908f9ad506eae9ab6ada185e3
81 658d208447d8ec5d6de8
842bc5775657c1e0d67
3c1edc8de4795936
65fd8495 a387210a27b
b12441ecff15fa12c d17f8f4eeb8e63d b79798b186d6b82288e8be4017d

6bf214d9e7fa5f2df
8a 644E 4e8259973f1f
69f4ecb77d
af9c489df53
71cf45dd4e91bcca945137b40e
1de26f6b12b0d292f94184
f841118350a27b7ea29a9c9d
32fe7eee5283
a2984b7a11e49440420058c1d80
ea920d9f5b295119
ef42184297591d
64ef1d545 63a3d4fb9d38a0182be6e39e76 548c0081a62132b44 e4ae306d9bd669c70
7c0ab977f5a3c4ab6d625f5033
97284d4c3a5d499853f0e 3b0a8a1c2e5050bd 51e74bec5513083bb 63b079bd5847 f9df653b86fb8df

558d8534f92fddfe
b074e 32b98f11f3d01d6
8f7c87550007332fe7eee5283 615cd6b5e3d21c
e4b45b7a2f884d3734bfd5985656
8be0efdd94a6383e87fbfded4f
81 2f43cba12702078b4e0d3bfdae2bc
cca7040e47789 290907417e13 f787d827958c
ab48d1f65812bc0f8ab6941c3b5 6c93f24516f01d 5e80f85274

35b941379e1af658078cffb83a2
345d26b3f821fe
331675c046693f
94da691e20e3 f55670
51192117f9b4
32c4684b55361
9c1305d59c37e9be9f13d7d049c
508E 4ad5d68f07981a 658d208447d8ec5d6de8
37f57e81ebed95
0efbd
e1e8c
c338481d79773
b7b899dc8bc6a32b28cb098fa16
8cbae42a3900
5e80f85274
8304a439f91fc90b3fe8dd35be8
7e0b91491c8c8566892cd9a0889
c71043819b6a79
de9efa12873949
549fa15d68f0b3bee6192f888cd8
3c1edc8de4795936
226E
2dd8cc4d693415f93c0f8fc cab04b7c14a ef6361295eba07 2e31175cbd52fcd08360fe86d20

842bc5775657c1e0d67
88ebe2e8782c
65694ca6d575 34d7bb6af4fcd8d630de72500c8
c4507c22d19
e1d01ef89f 102f1
632E
fc73 f9df653b86fb8df
1333074979f2d0b
357679fea1e2f
6a80cbe 4e4a79111d 01938827 d2647f8b6d8661d08 f2b6201774de40a29b504b1f716 357679fea1e2f
a2984b7a11e49440420058c1d80
84e4ede82074 6a91 7c1767485953d9c2 d7203571944b 71cf45dd4e91bcca945137b40e ef42184297591d
e4b45b7a2f884d3734bfd5985656
020df871874cd
50f4d9b97aefe
bfc6564cbdeeffac00a141 af9c489df53 32fe7eee5283
2a47a6a27 319bc900218b
1de26f6b12b0d292f94184 ea920d9f5b295119
4995c71223c9f6067324d387a2
39d025b265f9790490781cb201
0668 85fc23f1c88b4
32c4684b55361
d4f7b7fba7afcf7a72397353ec
b074e
acacfc83af504
f841118350a27b7ea29a9c9d
32fe7eee5283
084d4bfa5853e
731E c0174bbe7ae8
bac77c3f414a
57c77c341f94afddef07e6
6a8f5bafb1 d4f7b7fba7afcf7a72397353ec
8b98c3ddbe0b336
e84330eef281284a
d9f4abac731a9e
084d4bfa5853e
acacfc83af504
32b98f11f3d01d6 615cd6b5e3d21c
cab04b7c14a ca5af2
8f7c875500073 331675c046693f
19398d3cd6b9c674f ff9d64ddf49a20f c8a6c26d4fd9f 6819fd5a6cdd280dd 6c93f24516f01d
da0d7bbcf30 6a8f5bafb1 8c932e1e502dca

ff5c9b242337c
966d271c22e75c7538 6a80cbe 9 6bf214d9e7fa5f2df 50f4d9b97aefe 020df871874cd
ab48d1f65812bc0f8ab6941c3b5
35b941379e1af658078cffb83a2
275a0407e33e9b8aa9cdd051
2601085bde1b2450d64509f36
901b2105a902ee7791
a153512d982 d12bd75c24b110ef90cdd35d3
af0268dddd
af0268dddd 6a8f5bafb1f603819d560c5603259aa05dca
02c2ba83680ab57f236a33d702
4c52fdd8e396692
ee3b6be71d59b
4e12f7ff0918
f1b0d754353a6
84e4ede82074 ee91c97828 76E 1a220eb692c
5e80f85274 345d26b3f821fe
11f088bfd8 2573e1bf51f1b307f4640 7c13bf753da eff3468631dd4 30417faf916 d58478d9c273ad4f4b2e091324 8cbae42a3900 de9efa12873949
89ced1a7906d58d687d5a04
881d373
c96782ef56711c5d6a3f69
af0268dddd 6d52dd1b198bb
eedc819a68add6
7e0b91491c8c8566892cd9a0889
b7b899dc8bc6a32b28cb098fa16
450d3a2d49cbfd 20949455f573f
0efbd c71043819b6a79
88a4f0337c2189c3fc7b31
04390dec6f1779353c07f5 c21eb96fe100a1efaa128181b7
ccceeef40edda78
4379b5ed f6e6236b48bc3 f603819d560c5603259aa05dca
37f57e81ebed95
9fe716e738eaea34e
8304a439f91fc90b3fe8dd35be8
52f247fc3b 10a7d61c201c67a5e78542807cd ac34ec0f0488b17ec cf5a6049ad 5e80f85274
8fb60d769e4c387
8d52f183ec
e33792703 bdec8c86db51b9
16a795a1d63f30df
617809d979f 558d8534f92fddfe 85fc23f1c88b4 e1e8c
c338481d79773
632E
7c7c
4399cf78123dedd0dfe9776104ac284d73563
665b76844ff78fc2cf66ca2
26fa7360ab81be9d4434a
8066f87a88f4e
be7d637c50c
1562abef0d8241
a738ba39
cef12b6 a2c4b1d72e2da483a86ae0c62e5
8f95518f48528
8e69341faa4489 6a91
34d7bb6af4fcd8d630de72500c8
e84330eef281284a f1b0d754353a6 c4507c22d19

102f1 f9df653b86fb8df
357679fea1e2f
38fa61352f5086d2cb51 7204950f6233bf9c9e1f00d4a870
49704867bee95
2ef209509e2a
a9a36ef02f 84e4ede82074 5997cb0c083422
65694ca6d575 e1d01ef89f 1333074979f2d0b
8ea965ab6ee8dedb6c3333e9 8be752bc95d436a90493bec9 a8f0fe2eb7bc1471 8304a439f91fc90b3fe8dd35be8 88ebe2e8782c fc73 50f4d9b97aefe
8a46e6
bb92d1da1f38d52f8ff 06eff1db45cdf
2043b477ac0393676a4309514d0
8462bb2eec1a62d19a15865e57c92
28f7bfc40c88e6a
be9c5958196ed
e4b45b7a2f884d3734bfd5985656
a49284e9 57948adb5dead 51192117f9b4 32fe7eee5283 d9f4abac731a9e

020df871874cd
f7b22b9640 32c958c9997 02c2ba83680ab57f236a33d702

32c4684b55361
9e650e89bb 653ae44d45dcadeb481b53027d
cfff3acd8e9d 3aa0ce5efcf79bc3ecced1886e89 47ebc3f17
39d025b265f9790490781cb201
0668
9b6c
4727c415d06bcbef
53069e384a2
f62b136b2171 1727041c622518c9dd24f7c211
d66f542ef1ce4d02c59bec65e
4995c71223c9f6067324d387a2
668d636002 609E 8be0efdd94a6383e87fbfded4f 731E 85fc23f1c88b4
b656f0ed2202b8e46eb
797E 801E b9
da0d7bbcf30 57c77c341f94afddef07e6
c0174bbe7ae8
44cbb41a9cfc15497eacd294 8b98c3ddbe0b336
d4f7b7fba7afcf7a72397353ec
855d26296eda4eb7
21dff35936370ae5f
3703059dbc5a8
38b3b0d9
f9d09 1172dca23 08500a6044
fff03efcd
597E9ccd974150a18260b207b6584caa
31055116421c96b37f72a262bb
85a34bc9616ff
8a46e6 53069e384a2 969a58db14386cb9d2f51ec f722890f70a32dce3baff371a 65fd8495 efb52b499303115c33fd eedc819a68add6
bac77c3f414a
6a8f5bafb1
d9f4abac731a9e
acacfc83af504
53069e384a2 69f4ecb77d
cd1e9af3dec2
2759e82e30d6d 65fd8495 8cbae42a3900
6a8f5bafb1 084d4bfa5853e
c32d2697e8 7c0ab977f5a3c4ab6d625f5033 32b98f11f3d01d6 32fe7eee5283 c21eb96fe100a1efaa128181b7

8b98c3ddbe0b336
e84330eef281284a
8e307415fb435445ced7
53069e384a2
d 67219ef689f0146b544
8c932e1e502dca ccceeef40edda78
8c932e1e502dca
ff5c9b242337c
a387210a27b
d886e4b76537a99bc71b8a9331c94 3dafe1619016463f521f
f603819d560c5603259aa05dca
4f04c39708f f5d636e14a6cd716362158d
af0268dddd ee3b6be71d59b
9e650e89bb ff5c9b242337c
901b2105a902ee7791 6a8f5bafb1 4e12f7ff0918
21dff35936370ae5f
ff b38049e0086633c26be93ada8b20f234fdcd0e1fc50261ce8
52a6c2063bccd83110c32
c72df69b40156a3254
fbba7215e7c13173a60206 817 06209
02c2ba83680ab57f236a33d702
16a795a1d63f30df 275a0407e33e9b8aa9cdd051 f1b0d754353a6
632E
8bdb6a91c6dee925b557c705b3
c360aaeb167487c9578a8f
8df
855d26296eda4eb7 0a49c95f107c0aa57c9b5748 b7b899dc8bc6a32b28cb098fa16
4c52fdd8e396692
1de26f6b12b0d292f94184
a153512d982 af0268dddd
21dff35936370ae5f c338481d79773 6c93f24516f01d 102f1 2601085bde1b2450d64509f36
8f7c875500073 5e80f85274
275afb2b215b966d9fac51b96b9
d12bd75c24b110ef90cdd35d3
4995c71223c9f6067324d387a2 ee3b6be71d59b a2c4b1d72e2da483a86ae0c62e5

881d373
af0268dddd
6a8f5bafb1 6d52dd1b198bb
23f94655294d3ff537f2915fa
9c1305d59c37e9be9f13d7d049c 58e3dcc618 4e12f7ff0918 bdec8c86db51b9 8f95518f48528
c96782ef56711c5d6a3f69
f62b136b2171
eedc819a68add6
a77622f2ff77ffeeb2
4869e993f2bb10f
eee44624da 5e80f85274 658d208447d8ec5d6de8
89ced1a7906d58d687d5a04
4727c415d06bcbef
88a4f0337c2189c3fc7b31
fc73 8462bb2eec1a62d19a15865e57c92
bf65cfddeb00ff847feae0c
4399cf78123dedd0dfe9776104 0668
04390dec6f1779353c07f5
71cf45dd4e91bcca945137b40e c4507c22d19 e1d01ef89f f841118350a27b7ea29a9c9d

ccceeef40edda78
3eecb304bab2136a76deda
c21eb96fe100a1efaa128181b7
e33792703 16a795a1d63f30df
8e307415fb435445ced7 e1e8c 34d7bb6af4fcd8d630de72500c8 4c52fdd8e396692 7204950f6233bf9c9e1f00d4a870

bdec8c86db51b9
6a8f5bafb1
8fb60d769e4c387 8f95518f48528
af9c489df53 b074e 81 6d52dd1b198bb 49704867bee95 2ef209509e2a

8d52f183ec
ffd1b1af3b6864078f3
7e74e1587f3a4d208
d
665b76844ff78fc2cf66ca2
53069e384a2 38b3b0d9 c0174bbe7ae8 2043b477ac0393676a4309514d0 ac284d73563 a2c4b1d72e2da483a86ae0c62e5
bac77c3f414a 842bc5775657c1e0d67
cef12b6
a153512d982 af0268dddd 85a34bc9616ff be7d637c50c
a738ba39
82d201
8f9cdc26798117dd3e9ee4a8770
881d373 8d52f183ec 6a8f5bafb1 67219ef689f0146b544
8066f87a88f4e
26fa7360ab81be9d4434a
801E
a2eab7c9fa641e5f
af0268dddd 6a8f5bafb1
4399cf78123dedd0dfe9776104
88ebe2e8782c af0268dddd 57c77c341f94afddef07e6 39d025b265f9790490781cb201 be9c5958196ed

8a46e6 1562abef0d8241
653ae44d45dcadeb481b53027d
0a963fef9
49704867bee95
f9d09 37f57e81ebed95 ab48d1f65812bc0f8ab6941c3b5 7204950f6233bf9c9e1f00d4a870

2ef209509e2a
1727041c622518c9dd24f7c211
8b06a67a
3703059dbc5a8
38fa61352f5086d2cb51 28f7bfc40c88e6a
d12bd75c24b110ef90cdd35d3 46e412a3 bd7aca295ca 28f7bfc40c88e6a

bb92d1da1f38d52f8ff 06eff1db45cdf
be9c5958196ed
9937ccba1469 582E
a738ba39 6a8f5bafb1
9e650e89bb 2043b477ac0393676a4309514d0
0efbd 582E 20f234fdcd0e1fc50261ce8

53069e384a2
f62b136b2171
8462bb2eec1a62d19a15865e57c92
1d4ea80c7194689d69f9592186
616d8a7b
630E
653ae44d45dcadeb481b53027d
4727c415d06bcbef
731E 665b76844ff78fc2cf66ca2 89ced1a7906d58d687d5a04 cef12b6

797E
1727041c622518c9dd24f7c211
91ecbe29a71f00ed5a3 342E
354E
8f9cdc26798117dd3e9ee4a8770
21dff35936370ae5f 801E b9 d66f542ef1ce4d02c59bec65e
21dff35936370ae5f 65694ca6d575 c96782ef56711c5d6a3f69 47b2da3d 38b3b0d9 597E

85a34bc9616ff
c360aaeb167487c9578a8f
855d26296eda4eb7
cd1e9af3dec2
9ccd974150a18260b207b6584caa
1b13908a9f0763c0ae54af9062080
8c7cd9b93b1cbe48e1
382E
620E
684E
696E
300E
370E
444Ee287d497450664a4c0f4efc338
630E d66f542ef1ce4d02c59bec65e
3703059dbc5a8 08500a6044
f9d09cd1e9af3dec2
1172dca23
1d529eb4
fff03efcd
503737b64d432c60d6ac557e0e6
a78eb40ae56aaa9 a8e9422E
234E
be7d637c50c
31055116421c96b37f72a262bb
616d8a7b
8e307415fb435445ced7
a8e9
67219ef689f0146b544
275a0407e33e9b8aa9cdd051 8fb60d769e4c387
d 3dafe1619016463f521f
8bdb6a91c6dee925b557c705b3 da0d7bbcf30
53069e384a2
20f234fdcd0e1fc50261ce8
e3fd0c7b3
d886e4b76537a99bc71b8a9331c94
ff
3cfae
07 82d201
30d6138b63eb
21dff35936370ae5f
2601085bde1b2450d64509f36 38fa61352f5086d2cb51 04390dec6f1779353c07f5

52a6c2063bccd83110c32
8df 342E 26fa7360ab81be9d4434a e287d497450664a4c0f4efc338 8cbcf5cb5 9ccd974150a18260b207b6584caa
341E6472c2861e0e0dd681 bd7aca295ca
46e412a3
e33792703
c72df69b40156a3254
8c7cd9b93b1cbe48e1
86633c26be93ada8b
8066f87a88f4e b9 99da1f8a5
dcc5d5e9d6c4e
a8e9 95e93c4a13
24dfe1a997a
3a8173d6c
86e9b0428
65a1 1d529eb4
07 31055116421c96b37f72a262bb
c360aaeb167487c9578a8f
8bdb6a91c6dee925b557c705b3
2d7b7fb6c9ad6821752651f7
ff
3f9ddf1ffbc0d38b
b62cd1d0a0
381E
369E
a8e9
0759a8b435ccd
5a7a610a8a
8f143077e
f0f45e707
33e1de 99da1f8a5
e3fd0c7b3
47b2da3d
382E 8df
901b2105a902ee7791
275afb2b215b966d9fac51b96b9
88a4f0337c2189c3fc7b31 0fabab47
a0befe6dd1ca7b165786835
619E
683E
a8e9 c0f34a600
0da9135
0fabab47
1b82200
534E
a77622f2ff77ffeeb2 8df
8df
3cfae 354E 696E 300E 370E 444E 23f94655294d3ff537f2915fa
676bbe7d1c1fb71742df534ce8 233E
01 2d7b7fb6c9ad6821752651f7
bf141dbce
30d6138b63eb
e64f22a31
0f167280
fe821bce
c96cb3
8cbcf5cb5
597E 06eff1db45cdf c0f34a600
a77622f2ff77ffeeb2
81dabfaba8
4869e993f2bb10f
08500a6044 fff03efcd 1562abef0d8241
37d80ae421dba4a70730338860 ffccaa9e3 81dabfaba8

684E
bf65cfddeb00ff847feae0c
341E
3eecb304bab2136a76deda
ac284d73563 620E
b38049e00
162d8039483d8
3b1563a23eb9 c5d5be3942
ffd1b1af3b6864078f3
7e74e1587f3a4d208
797E
e82f47b8d4949ba4af69b38cbc19
9f24ba80192c339a64c0
f8128d574c356631b8a9 0acc5bb8ca4
fbdc3ca37406f66635c8b226e
f713a8b311ffa05ce3683ad10
eb8eb8 81dabfaba8
bb92d1da1f38d52f8ff
8f9cdc26798117dd3e9ee4a8770
4869e993f2bb10f bf65cfddeb00ff847feae0c 3eecb304bab2136a76deda 422E 234E 52a6c2063bccd83110c32 0da9135 fe821bce 1b82200 c5d5be3942 fbdc3ca37406f66635c8b226e f713a8b311ffa05ce3683ad10
a2eab7c9fa641e5f
6448451ac2ceade90715378b
5eea496cc301b2a9721
b06bbfa920aa95dd
ac487676a04e4 45827dbdd8
eb8
eb8 d370c12dbc
534E
0a963fef9 582E
381E
8b06a67a
9937ccba1469
86633c26be93ada8b
6aae8d25951 5e9156098c064
46f754ea06f070dbc023e571a876
0acc5bb8ca4
45827dbdd8
910b00285f11bb90d0a15641
81dabfaba8
80874aa8
630E
a8e9 3dafe1619016463f521f
1d4ea80c7194689d69f9592186
616d8a7b
bf01c8a262 c1c30f30d40c4f1f84924622f
fa2afbd869
533E
dcc5d5e9d6c4e b62cd1d0a0 91ecbe29a71f00ed5a3
342E
11bb8ed3ae227d3acefc
08dade990b2282
3b2f08d52e4bca3f9ca7bbbd6
81dabfaba8
0f940646
81dabfaba8
f0bd1521
81dabfaba8
354E
a8e9 07 369E a8e9 bf141dbce 0f167280 e64f22a31 444E
1d163eac141def176461c
6c632ad9c42228bb337
f78e145a127014eb43345a0c
382E
1172dca23 619E 910b00285f11bb90d0a15641 8c7cd9b93b1cbe48e1
370E
84e4f1c582427a98d7b
ea890ccca2f7c2107351
dca32af03698c988b22
18115fa32ff1cb99
696E
1d4ea80c7194689d69f9592186 d370c12dbc
300E
3f9ddf1ffbc0d38b 683E c96cb3 1b13908a9f0763c0ae54af9062080
cd0d985a366cad7e 173fd00917644f0f1f3e3
0c72a426929600000f5
3cdc90c57243373efaba65a
fb039d7a2a9fe73b5f468eba9
a27037332d9fa5c43bcfe94c0
c72df69b40156a3254 a78eb40ae56aaa9 620E
e287d497450664a4c0f4efc338
24431c3eb075102f07cc2c1be
75ba8d840070942eb4e737849
e3bdbca0e2256fffa8a59018
81dabfaba8
684E 82d201
01 233E 234E
07f8a9e55a16beddb3c9153b0
4a38abc630c82b0c48dfbf5271
86276bb1e23f2c7ffcbe82a0
422E
d886e4b76537a99bc71b8a9331c94 a0befe6dd1ca7b165786835
503737b64d432c60d6ac557e0e6
95e93c4a13 c1c30f30d40c4f1f84924622f
a8e9
9c9e2e0f2da8758e436c
07
24dfe1a997a 533E 80874aa8 3cfae
81dabfaba8
6472c2861e0e0dd681
37d80ae421dba4a70730338860 3b1563a23eb9 65a1 6472c2861e0e0dd681 fa2afbd869 dcc5d5e9d6c4e

341E
a8e9
65a1
95e93c4a13
bd7aca295ca
46e412a3
a8e9 86e9b0428
381E 24dfe1a997a
3a8173d6c 1d529eb4
8f143077e e3fd0c7b3
23f94655294d3ff537f2915fa 275afb2b215b966d9fac51b96b9 3a8173d6c

5a7a610a8a 47b2da3d
81dabfaba8
33e1de 99da1f8a5
b06bbfa920aa95dd 8f143077e 5a7a610a8a 86e9b0428 81dabfaba8 f0bd1521 3b2f08d52e4bca3f9ca7bbbd6 3f9ddf1ffbc0d38b
b62cd1d0a0
369E
f0f45e707
59a8b435ccd
162d8039483d8 9f24ba80192c339a64c0 f8128d574c356631b8a9

07 0fabab47
a8e9 c0f34a600
33e1de 0f940646
619E 1b82200
ac487676a04e4
683E 0da9135
f0f45e707 f78e145a127014eb43345a0c a0befe6dd1ca7b165786835 534E
fe821bce
a2eab7c9fa641e5f
676bbe7d1c1fb71742df534ce8
30d6138b63eb
233E
5eea496cc301b2a9721 fb039d7a2a9fe73b5f468eba9
8cbcf5cb5
59a8b435ccd 2d7b7fb6c9ad6821752651f7
bf141dbce
e64f22a31
b38049e00 5e9156098c064
01
37d80ae421dba4a70730338860
c96cb3
0f167280
0acc5bb8ca4
162d8039483d8 ffccaa9e3 81dabfaba8
a78eb40ae56aaa9 bf01c8a262 ffccaa9e3 a27037332d9fa5c43bcfe94c0

c5d5be3942
3b1563a23eb9
6448451ac2ceade90715378b eb8
45827dbdd8
cd0d985a366cad7e
f713a8b311ffa05ce3683ad10
eb8 45827dbdd8 24431c3eb075102f07cc2c1be e3bdbca0e2256fffa8a59018

9f24ba80192c339a64c0
eb8
eb8
fbdc3ca37406f66635c8b226e
0acc5bb8ca4
81dabfaba8
676bbe7d1c1fb71742df534ce8 ffd1b1af3b6864078f3 eb8

f8128d574c356631b8a9
91ecbe29a71f00ed5a3 eb8
6aae8d25951 eb8 b06bbfa920aa95dd
9c9e2e0f2da8758e436c 45827dbdd8 45827dbdd8

eb8
ac487676a04e4
0a963fef9 4a38abc630c82b0c48dfbf5271 75ba8d840070942eb4e737849

6448451ac2ceade90715378b
eb8 d370c12dbc
eb8
7e74e1587f3a4d208
5eea496cc301b2a9721
0acc5bb8ca4 46f754ea06f070dbc023e571a876 6aae8d25951 45827dbdd8
910b00285f11bb90d0a15641
81dabfaba8
45827dbdd8 80874aa8
8b06a67a 1d163eac141def176461c 08dade990b2282

5e9156098c064
07f8a9e55a16beddb3c9153b0 86276bb1e23f2c7ffcbe82a0
46f754ea06f070dbc023e571a876
1b13908a9f0763c0ae54af9062080
0acc5bb8ca4
bf01c8a262 fa2afbd869
533E
81dabfaba8
c1c30f30d40c4f1f84924622f
81dabfaba8
9937ccba1469
81dabfaba8
84e4f1c582427a98d7b 6c632ad9c42228bb337 08dade990b2282
ea890ccca2f7c2107351 dca32af03698c988b22
cd0d985a366cad7e
3b2f08d52e4bca3f9ca7bbbd6
0f940646
f0bd1521
6c632ad9c42228bb337
503737b64d432c60d6ac557e0e6
1d163eac141def176461c
f78e145a127014eb43345a0c
dca32af03698c988b22
18115fa32ff1cb99
84e4f1c582427a98d7b
ea890ccca2f7c2107351
18115fa32ff1cb99
0c72a426929600000f5
fb039d7a2a9fe73b5f468eba9
a27037332d9fa5c43bcfe94c0
0c72a426929600000f5
173fd00917644f0f1f3e3
173fd00917644f0f1f3e3 24431c3eb075102f07cc2c1be
e3bdbca0e2256fffa8a59018
75ba8d840070942eb4e737849
07f8a9e55a16beddb3c9153b0
9c9e2e0f2da8758e436c 4a38abc630c82b0c48dfbf5271
86276bb1e23f2c7ffcbe82a0
root root+PRISM root+VPSC
Figure 4: Divergence of dissimilarity measures: for both graphs, σdist estimates

that VPSC gives layout closer to the original, while σdisp predicts the opposite.
hstntx72
hstntx75
hstntx73
hstntx70
hstntx71
hstntx74 hstntx67
hstntx16 hstntx69
hstntx23
hstntx68
hstntx17 brhmal71
hstntx22 brhmal67brhmal68
brhmal66
brhmal70
ftwotx64 hstntx82 brhmal69
ftwotx61 brhmal72
ftwotx62 ftwotx60 brhmal74brhmal73 jcvlfl68
ftwotx63
ftwotx65 brhmal75 tampfl81 jcvlfl66
brhmal77
hstntx80
hstntx65 brhmal76 brhmal60 jcvlfl67
miamfl80
hstntx64 brhmal81
hstntx60 hstntx61 brhmal64brhmal63
brhmal62
hstntx62 hstntx63
dllstx24 brhmal65
ftwotx80
austtx61 dllstx72
snantx80
dllstx70 brhmal61
austtx64 dllstx71 jcvlfl81 wpbhfl80
austtx60 dllstx25 brhmal82 ojusfl80
austtx65 nworla81 atlnga33jcvlfl61
austtx63 dllstx67 atlnga32
austtx62 dllstx22 dllstx28 atlnga76jcvlfl63
atlnga31 jcvlfl62
dnvrco79
dnvrco66 dllstx68 hstntx81 atlnga25 jcvlfl60
dnvrco77
dnvrco70
dnvrco67 dllstx29
dllstx69 dllstx21
dllstx80 brhmal80 tampfl80 atlnga75jcvlfl64
atlnga30 jcvlfl65
dnvrco69 dllstx31 atlnga77
anhmca73 dnvrco78 austtx80 chrlnc64
anhmca72 anhmca69 dnvrco65 lsvlky81
anhmca78 anhmca70 dnvrco68 dllstx76 clmasc61
orlnfl81 atlnga80 jcvlfl80
chrlnc69 chrlnc71
anhmca75 anhmca65
anhmca67 dllstx74 atlnga56atlnga64 atlnga71
atlnga70 chrlnc60
anhmca76 anhmca68 okcyok80 dllstx77 atlnga79 clmasc60chrlnc70
anhmca77 anhmca66
anhmca71 dllstx78 dllstx81 dllstx73atlnga59
atlnga65
atlnga69
nsvltn80
atlnga78
atlnga16
chrlnc65
clmasc62chrlnc61
anhmca79 anhmca63 dnvrco81 dllstx55 dllstx75 atlnga58 atlnga34 chrlnc62
mmphtn80
anhmca74
anhmca82
anhmca60
anhmca62 anhmca61 sndgca80 dllstx59
dllstx56 dllstx62 atlnga57 atlnga63atlnga35 atlnga74chrlnc63
clmasc80 hmsqnj61
hmsqnj60
anhmca64
anhmca81 stlsmo81 atlnga09
chrlnc66
tcsnaz80 dllstx57 dllstx61 dllstx58 cncnoh63 atlnga62 atlnga36rlghnc80
chrlnc80 hmsqnj62
kscymo21
kscymo18 dllstx79
dllstx83 atlnga83
cncnoh64 chrlnc68atlnga72 gnbonc60
dllstx65 cncnoh61 atlnga67 atlnga73
anhmca80 kscymo67 dllstx66 dllstx60
dllstx63 atlnga68 chrlnc67atlnga37gnbonc61
kscymo63 atlnga66 atlnga61atlnga81 gnbonc62
grdnca62 kscymo23tulsok80 kscymo64
kscymo71 dllstx82 cncnoh62 cncnoh60 atlnga60
chrlnc81 hmsqnj80
grdnca60 shokca80 kscymo68 kscymo65 kscymo61cncnoh81 atlnga82
kscymo73
kscymo69 kscymo62
grdnca61snfpca81
grdnca80 kscymo24 kscymo80 kscymo81 cncnoh69 gnbonc80
dnvrco60 phnxaz81 kscymo60
mmphtn81
dnvrco62lsanca80 kscymo22 kscymo82 cncnoh73
cncnoh72 phlapa82
dnvrco63 kscymo72kscymo17 chcgil63
chcgil58 bltmmd66
snjsca80 dnvrco61 kscymo83 lsvlky80
cncnoh68 washdc81 phlapa83 bltmmd64
cncnoh71
dnvrco64 dnvrco80 chcgil08 chcgil60 chcgil79 cncnoh82 cncnoh70 bltmmd68
bltmmd71
kscymo70
snfcca81 chcgil32 chcgil80 chcgil62 nwrknj82bltmmd65
chcgil72
chcgil34 chcgil82 chcgil37 bltmmd63 bltmmd70
slkcut80 lsanca82 chcgil59 chcgil81 nycmny82 bltmmd81 bltmmd69
scrmca80 snfcca82
chcgil33 chcgil64 chcgil30 phlapa80
phlapa81 bltmmd80 bltmmd62 bltmmd67
dnvrco82lsanca81 chcgil09 chcgil70 chcgil65 nybwny80
cmbrma61
snfpca80 chcgil71 chcgil61
chcgil35 chcgil29
cncnoh80 chcgil38
chcgil69 washdc82 noc30k80 bltmmd61 cmbrma60
chcgil36 nwrknj81 cmbrma81 cmbrma63 rcpknj80
dnvrco71 chcgil39
dnvrco72 cncnoh14 iplsin81 chcgil68
cncnoh13 nycmny81
bltmmd60
dnvrco75 chcgil83 cncnoh66chcgil67 hrbgpa80 washdt80 cmbrma65 cmbrma62
waynpa80
cncnoh16 hrbgpa62 cmbrma64
dnvrco76
dnvrco73 cncnoh65
cncnoh67
cncnoh15 pitbpa80 nycmny83
ptldor81 omahne80 desmia80chcgil76 dtrtmi80 cmdnnj80
dnvrco74 iplsin67 cdknnj80 slspmd80 cmbrma80cdknnj67 cmbrma69
chcgil77 chcgil73
chcgil74rlmdil80 iplsin66 washdc83 cdknnj81
iplsin68 hrbgpa61 cmdnnj62cdknnj71cdknnj66
cmbrma13
cmbrma68
chcgil75 dtrtmi81
chcgil78 hrbgpa60
sttlwa80 desmia64
desmia60desmia62 dtrtmi61 cdknnj61 cmbrma16whplny81
cdknnj68
dtrtmi62clevoh80
dtrtmi64 clmboh81 hrfrct81 artnva80 grcyny80 cdknnj70
cmdnnj61
cmdnnj60 cmbrma67
desmia61
desmia65desmia81 dtrtmi60 iplsin80 cdknnj64 whplny80 cdknnj69
dtrtmi63 cdknnj60 cdknnj62 grcyny61
desmia63 dtrtmi67 cdknnj63cdknnj65 cmbrma82 grcyny62 cmbrma83 cmbrma58
dtrtmi65
dtrtmi68
milwwi80
clmboh80 pitbpa81 hrfrct66artnva60grcyny63
hrfrct68 grcyny64 cmbrma76
cmbrma59
dtrtmi70 clmboh71 hrfrct67
clmboh69 artnva65grcyny65 cmbrma72 cmbrma77
artnva67
okbril80 dtrtmi69 iplsin65 clevoh60 hrfrct60
artnva66 cmbrma53
desmia67 dtrtmi66iplsin61 clevoh63 cdknnj82
clmboh67 cmbrma73 cmbrma79
chcgcg80 clmboh68 clmboh66hrfrct62artnva62artnva63 grcyny60 cmbrma57
desmia68
stplmn81 iplsin63clevoh62clevoh61
clevoh65 clmboh70 hrfrct61artnva64 artnva61 cmbrma74 cmbrma52
cmbrma71 cmbrma55
desmia66 iplsin60iplsin62 clevoh64 artnva68
cmbrma56
iplsin64 albyny80
milwwi81 clevoh81 clmboh62
clmboh61bflony80 cmbrma75 cmbrma78
cmbrma70 cmbrma54
mplsmn81 chcgcg63 chcgcg60 clmboh64clmboh63 cdknnj76
rlmdil81 hrfrct80
chcgcg61 clmboh65
clmboh60 cdknnj72
hrfrct82 cdknnj73
chcgcg64
chcgcg65 cdknnj75
cdknnj74 albyny63
mplsmn80 stplmn82 dytnoh80 akrnoh80 cdknnj77
chcgcg62 dtrtmi82 bflony60 albyny64 hrfrct03
clevoh66 bflony62 albyny65albyny60 hrfrct02
bflony61
syrcny80 albyny62 hrfrct65
clevoh68 albyny61
clevoh67 bflony65 bflony64 hrfrct70 hrfrct63
hrfrct64
bflony63 hrfrct72hrfrct71 hrfrct04
chcgcg81 hrfrct05
dtrtmi71dtrtmi75 dytnoh65
dytnoh60 hrfrct74 hrfrct73
hrfrct69
dtrtmi74 dtrtmi79
dtrtmi72 dytnoh62 dytnoh64 akrnoh62
dytnoh61 akrnoh61
dtrtmi76
dtrtmi73 dtrtmi77dytnoh63 akrnoh60
dtrtmi78
chcgcg71
chcgcg66chcgcg70
chcgcg68 chcgcg67
chcgcg69
badvoro badvoro+PRISM badvoro+VPSC
b124 b124+PRISM b124+VPSC
F gure 5 Compar ng PRISM and VPSC on two graphs Or g na ayouts are

sca ed to have an average edge ength that equa s 4 t mes the abe s ze
JGAA, 14(1) 53–74 (2010) 67
Table 3: Comparing the dissimilarities and area of overlap removal algorithms.

Results shown are σdist , σdisp and area. Area is measured with a unit of 106
square points. Initially the layout is scaled to an average edge length that equals
4 times the average label size.
Graph PRISM VPSC

b100 0.74 0.36 14.59 0.95 0.62 25.33
b102 0.41 0.18 2.62 0.44 0.33 2.77
b124 0.52 0.12 3.39 0.28 0.06 3.04
b143 0.5 0.22 2.59 0.67 0.41 4.26
badvoro 0.35 0.15 11.85 0.65 0.58 11.71
mode 0.57 0.35 0.78 0.84 0.59 1.45
ngk10 4 0.25 0.05 0.54 0.16 0.03 0.53
NaN 0.25 0.06 1.15 0.15 0.04 1.15
dpd 0.14 0.03 0.54 0.1 0.03 0.53
root 0.73 0.28 16.02 0.73 0.7 25.93
rowe 0.16 0.04 0.38 0.11 0.03 0.38
size 0.35 0.11 0.54 0.28 0.08 0.57
unix 0.25 0.07 0.6 0.13 0.04 0.59
xx 0.39 0.18 4.23 0.45 0.34 4.54
Graph VORO ODNLS
b100 - - - 0.49 0.24 1.09E3
b102 1.18 0.47 131.55 0.33 0.15 41.01
b124 0.69 0.36 19.09 0.43 0.26 14.64
b143 0.84 0.39 19.35 0.57 0.36 29.39
badvoro 3.8 0.9 4.45E5 0.34 0.10 166.53
mode 1.09 0.58 20.02 0.44 0.28 45.21
ngk10 4 0.46 0.2 0.79 0.23 0.12 2.21
NaN 0.49 0.22 2.28 0.33 0.18 4.86
dpd 0.43 0.23 0.6 0.38 0.29 1.45
root 4.14 0.94 3.68E8 0.39 0.14 1.52E3
rowe 0.41 0.2 0.68 0.25 0.11 2.01
size 0.62 0.34 2.07 0.28 0.16 3.35
unix 0.55 0.24 0.64 0.20 0.09 2.01
xx 1.13 0.44 185.7 0.30 0.11 45.18
Table 4: Comparing dissimilarity and area of overlap removal algorithms on the

Rome suite of test graphs. # stands for the number of graphs within the size
range specified.
sizes # PRISM VPSC VORO ODNLS

σdisp area σdisp area σdisp area σdisp area
10–19 1407 0.009 0.16 0.09 0.061 0.14 0.069 0.07 0.34
20–29 839 0.02 0.27 0.11 0.12 0.14 0.15 0.078 0.92
30–39 2036 0.03 0.36 0.13 0.19 0.13 0.26 0.078 1.85
40–49 1800 0.035 0.43 0.14 0.25 0.12 0.36 0.074 2.71
50–59 1045 0.042 0.51 0.15 0.32 0.11 0.53 0.074 4.53
60–69 1172 0.046 0.58 0.17 0.39 0.11 0.70 0.074 6.18
70–79 1008 0.051 0.64 0.17 0.46 0.11 0.94 0.073 8.44
80–89 788 0.05 0.71 0.17 0.52 0.10 1.20 0.07 9.99
90–99 1296 0.054 0.78 0.18 0.59 0.10 1.49 0.069 13.26
100–109 140 0.055 0.82 0.18 0.61 0.10 1.7 0.068 14.14
VPSC, VORO and ODNLS on the Rome test suite of graphs [4]. This suite has
a total of 11534 graphs5 of relatively small size. Due to space limitation, we only
give the similarity measure σdisp and the area, and we average the results over
graphs of similar sizes. Again, PRISM achieves the best compromise between
being close to the original drawing, and having a smaller drawing area.
We note that while there is no theoretical result guaranteeing that PRISM
algorithm converges to an overlap free layout in a finite number of iterations, in
practice, out of thousands of graphs tested, some as large as tens of thousands
of vertices, PRISM always converges within a few hundred total number of
iterations in the two main loops in Algorithm 1. In our implementation we set
a limit of 1000 iterations, even though this limit has never been observed to be
reached. Table 5 gives the number of iterations taken for the 14 test cases in
Tables 2-3. As can be seen, for these graphs, the maximum number of iterations
is 122.
As a demonstration of the scalability of PRISM, we consider its application
to a large graph. This is a tree from the Mathematics Genealogy Project [32].
Each node is a mathematician, and an edge from node i to node j means that j
is the first supervisor of i. The graph is disconnected and consists of thousands
of components. Here we consider the second largest component with 11766
vertices. This graph took 31 seconds to lay out using SFDP, and 15 seconds
post-processing using PRISM for overlap removal. PRISM converges in 81 itera-
tions. Important mathematicians (those with the most offspring) and important
edges (those that lead to the largest subtrees) are highlighted with larger nodes
5 Three graphs were dropped from the test because they were disconnected.
JGAA, 14(1) 53–74 (2010) 69
Table 5: Number of iterations taken in the two main loops in Algorithm 1. A:

initially the layout is scaled to an average edge length of 1 inch. B: initially the
layout is scaled to an average edge length that equals 4 times the average label
size.
Graph |V | |E| A B
b100 1463 5806 122 75
b102 302 611 66 44
b124 79 281 43 19
b143 135 366 46 26
badvoro 1235 1616 53 32
mode 213 269 43 26
ngk10 4 50 100 29 8
NaN 76 121 34 9
dpd 36 108 26 6
root 1054 1083 103 119
rowe 43 68 28 7
size 47 55 29 14
unix 41 49 32 8
xx 302 611 53 46
and thicker edges. Figure 6(top) gives the overall layout, which shows that
PRISM preserved the tree structure of the layout very well after node overlap
removal. Figure 6(bottom) gives a close up view of the details of a small area in
the center-left part of Figure 6(top) with many famous mathematicians of early
generations. Additional drawings of this and other components of the Mathe-
matics Genealogy Project graph, including that of the largest component, are
available [21].
6 Conclusions and Future Work

A number of algorithms have been proposed for removing node overlaps in
undirected graph drawings. For graphs that are relatively large with nontrivial
connectivities, these algorithms often fail to produce satisfactory results, either
because the resulting drawing is too large (e.g., scaling, VORO, ODNLS), or
the drawing becomes highly skewed (e.g., VPSC). In addition, many of them
do not scale well with the size of the graph in terms of computational costs.
The main contributions of this paper is a new algorithm for removing overlaps
that is both highly effective and efficient. The algorithm is shown to produce
layouts that preserve the proximity relations between vertices, and scales well
with the size of the graph. It has been applied to graphs of tens of thousands of
vertices, and is able to give aesthetic, overlap-free drawings with compact area
in seconds, which is not feasible with any algorithm known to us.

It is possible that algorithms such as VPSC, which rely on separate passes in
the X and Y directions, might be improved by randomizing which overlaps are
removed in which pass or by gradually removing overlaps using many alternating
X and Y passes. This would, however, further increase their computational cost,
which is already much higher than the algorithm proposed in this paper.
For future work, we would like to extend the overlap removal algorithm to
deal with edge-node overlaps. We would also like to explore the possibility of
using the proximity stress model for packing disconnected components.
Acknowledgments
We would like to thank Tim Dwyer and Wanchun Li for making their imple-
mentations of VPSC and ODNLS, respectively, available to us. We would like
to thank Yehuda Koren and Stephen North for helpful discussions, and Stephen
Kobourov for bringing our attention to the term “Frobenius metric”. Finally,
the reviewers’ comments were very helpful, especially in making the exposition
clearer and more accurate.
JGAA, 14(1) 53–74 (2010) 71
Karagrigoriou
Winnicki
Guo Lee
Minut
Feng Lim Celik Caballero Wadleigh
Wei
Chan Cassorla Jiao
Borzellino Zhou
LaiYing Haack Noel
Zhao
Shteingold Sprouse Ko Voss Hullinger
Liu Chuang Shutters
Hinrichs
Kim Park Kiltinen Horn
Zhu Wang Zhang
Koh Petersen Fuller Burkholder Xue
Yang Nordstrom
Lai Wang Abrams Grantham
Bendsøe Plaut Stallmann Sukantamala
Chan Park Wilhelm Searle Torres SklarWang
III
Graves Wong Hartung Cunningham Wu
Shan Park Serven Eerkes
Andersen Bownik Wang Poulin
Ait
Turi Anderson Wagoner Hill Schommer Paulsen
Ganocy Haskins
Rabinowitz Mokliatchouk Høst McGowan Borggaard Hill Fabiano Hernandez
Terentyev Turnidge Wick McShine Bierstone
Yu Møller Grove Cho Shankar O
Wang Damiano Swardson Byrd Semmes
Singler Guilfoyle Lockhart Wilkin
Darken Markvorsen Stanley Liu Donohue Peron Stover Bradlow Hyeon
Dmochowski Szatkiewicz Miller Kang Powers Hulsing Wang
Wang
Zhang Nielsen Guijarro Kapovitch Xian Saber
Feingold Kitto Rochberg Tetali
Zhang Rubio D Lane Jensen Shapiro Gantner Lane
Bellenot Graff Wu Uhlenbeck Daskalopoulos
Dolgoarshinnykh Knudsen Villemoes Menegatto Wulbert Ossowski McDonald
Bachmann Spies Marrekchi Vignati
Kordzakhia Kristensen Baker Hsu LeePark
Rabbee Verhey Nowak Bloom Dolan
Huang Smiley Blair Straley Fuller Tripp Lamport
Sellke Montaldo Hansen Larsen Kang Anderson Kilgore Schreiner Tsai Oliveira SchmidtDragerSedlacek Råde
Sigal Lalley Gæde Tadi BurnsStewart Daniels
Reed Alho Aigner
Stover Price
Teng Zenor MuthukrishnanKao
Siegmund Gross Lamoneda He Pinter
Boehm Ikebe Kaur Grabiner Bulancea Palais
Amirdjanova Betensky Gudmundsson Heisler Brøns Chern Sidney Spencer Terng
Safi Loader Bahy Mustafa Rosenthal Amillo Zhang Voepel Sun
Chen Pei Eck Subramaniam
Budhiraja III Henry Basu Simen
Tu Loubeau Castro Deraux Carter Lauko Balogh Ruan Sung
White Kuwana Bartholdi Raffoul Yun Cheney Vargas Brown
Venkatraman Gordon Goukasian Steiger Morian Proctor Zhang Shieh
Mandrekar Hayslip Ahlbrandt Shipman Wasserman
Selukar Rao Zhang Oxley Kerr Gilliam Kühl
Dupuis Pantilie Herdman Christian Hemmati Mesirov Ault
Thelen Parmar Charlap
Harpe ToledoSavage Hooker Smith Chang
Hahm Aberra Dadarlat
Turyn
LePageDasGupta Baldwin Xiong Wood Erdem Bennett Kim
Bobonis Cottrill
Shen Koschorke Dahlmeier
Burel Smirnova Richardson
Holt Sarsour
Williams Knight Traylor LawTong Nyberg Kumagai Khavinson Chi
Burstall Thomas Dupre Kenschaft
Christensen Kim
Kallianpur Perez Rodenberg
Lemire Baxendale Chen Sternberg Austin
II McIntyre Attar Benndorf Gleason Kaiser Willson
Naik WangMcCabe Wood Baird Hennig Sloss Ng Hales
McAlpin Doria Jones Vidakovic Andreano Kamowitz Papageorgiou
Mandal Brod Tree Yesha Crofts Zarikian Nikshych
Burstein Kuhn De Bozhkov Kupeli Harris Levin Ouaknine Dubinsky
Liu Hucke RuffDeslauriers Hollis Jones Maynard Shaki FelzenbaumNurlu Basener RatcliffHerman
Tanaydin SunJin Feldman
Thorpe Reid Chitwood Lee Meaney
Field Moody Clanahan Effros Ragozin Burrell Lee
MikovskyPrice Dubuc Sealey Smith Bennett Zimmerberg Dawson Vaysleb Stromquist
Stehney Martin Raines Norris
Borosh Tassa Klein Fan Voichick
Yang III Graham
Klingsberg
Dayhoff Chen Nadas
Edelman Vale Eells Scholz Chang Reed Falley Robinson Wang Brennan Poon Huang Kim
Ball Plastiras
Ottarsson Valli Zoltek Driscoll Rhoades Wermer Zilber Haynor Quint
ZhangYen Mukherjea Bogar Ivanovski Winkler Webster Howe
Atkin Kegley MillerFord Martin Kittaneh Anderson Anderson Khadivi Zhu Przebinda Allali
HancaskyCole
III Williams Masiello
Sellers
Bolmarcich Albertson Bradley Fraenkel Mor Schatten Gajendragadkar O Green Protsak
Glazebrook Holdt Busby
Beissinger VilmsStefan
Wild
Cohen Insel Erceg
Wilf Wertheimer Small Krikorian Akin Sukup Anderson Feliciano Frawley KennedyDoren
Whipple
Limber III Dondoshansky Stampfli Wadhwa O Curole BrandsteinJones LaDue Manderscheid
Donaghey Levow Robbins Sheng
Curran Rogerson Baker Peratt
Goodrich Krakowski HillikerGross Kulkarni Wong
Lazebnik Zito Ferreira Woo Lucke Weissler Mathews Seifert Moore Scull Fox
Hutchinson Salavessa Topal Shih Scott Cleave Smith
Schmutz Marriott Atici Morelli Diaz Stallard Williams Lautzenheiser Misaghian
Schwarz Taylor Fabec
Lyczak Balogun
Warner Potter
Fiorini Garfield Marino Fardoun Goller French Gaddis Kasdan Arvin Garraway BewleyBlackadar
Hyde Ratto Mohammed Hoffacker Peil Peterson Tefteller Lin Fitzpatrick Bales Deal Lebow Reyes Packer
Atay Mandelbaum Simion Rodriguez Hankerson Leavelle Pawlowski Moreman Neidleman Dorn
Li Cattani Sato Glenn
Hough Livingston Schneider Krueger Chernoff Laubenfels Zhang
Takigawa Byer White Cayford Ritt
Chaubell Huang Regala Yan Avery Etgen Yang Lauer Saltsman Straus Chin Ramsay Shen Chou Kim Wong
Sedwick Harmsen Spencer Ochoa Schrot
Ruiz
Kwean Zwart Abbott Motzkin Jeang
Bae Boothby Gillette Cochell Garner Dawson Frady Lin
Nesi Firoozye Fan Mallet Kwak Runckel Ott Sherman
HillJadallah Bruno Rybka Grabovsky Paraskevopoulos McKellips Nuzman Ford Uherka Ewell Soule Jiang
Carlton Brown Sivaramakrishnan Diamond Dow
Alagia McMillian Spikes Lewis Deal O AlladiReti Hernandez
Norman Crisler Wend Dooley Burton Huff Kowalsky
Hastings Fearnley Hilt Kurtz SmithCole Brizolis Carter
Sternberg ConnellLowe Tepedino
Reznikoff Dizaji RohJolly GillChamberlin McKown Pace Wayment Phillips Mackey Szaro
Quiroga
Bouwsma Crawford Jobe Herwitz Tucker Bryan Ascher Pergler Forster Andre
Hagen Rothmann
Butler Pignani Senge Dhavakodi Spiteri Oliveira
Sell Kaplan Ross Whyburn Daniels Lin Benveniste
Gordon Yan Machtinger Hopper
Lu Blanchette Mark Hagan Clark Barrett Hinds
Lipton Slastikov Judice Bondarevsky Schuur Egan
Dorsett Dupree Finch Kinyon Easton Lafferriere Sanje
Hitchman Zimmer Gutschera Ginsburg Broverman
Shaw Showalter
Killough Kohn Jin Cullen Cramer KcKown Taliaferro Drucker Stuck
Velo RustichiniShao Hsu Macon Rosen Woods
Ashmore Valente Faber Bruyr Daumis Corwin Lafont
Kibler Haimo Aslan Williams Steward Testa Capozzoli Fisher Sovereign Deliyanni
Filippas Du Hunt Tucker Pardalos Spatzier
Girao
Hendricks
Rentzmann Bedgood Pellicciaro Murray Lin
Redondo Dolan Clarkson Edwards Argyros
Pitts Solomon Taboada Hamilton Walston Anders Xue Thayer Sutton Negrepontis
Hall HaddockGerneth Manougian
Petryshyn Adams
Payne Lopez Harper
Parks Whitney Tabor Cecil Abraham YangFitzpatrick Parr
Kelley Adams Meyer Falbo Stewart Baskervill Milojevic Itzkowitz Felouzis
Chang Chung Hu Leal Jinghong Hoelzer Lewis
Hagerty
White
Olum HallGlover Williamson
Conjura
Wilson Kannappan Hollingsed Hanes Peters
Anderson Underwood Perry Ng Blondeau Glynn Whitmore McMullen Smith
Chan Taylor Murthy Northcutt Wang Wilcox Saks Masaveu
AlmgrenMackenzie Chen Yu Hsu Pasali Schenck Huang Kahn
Woods Ettlinger Baek Yeo Koelling Anderson Parker LaDuke
Hindman
SvobodnyAmundson Montgomery Whitfield Al Che Gorman
Lindblad Yunger Brakke Horton Sturtevant Dudley Ross
Yu Hutchinson Thompson Munoz Browder TrigosFerreiraRetta Lisan Anthony Tu
Roosen Drachman Steinke Caraballo
Hastings Alligood Alexander Levasseur Pederson Yang
Wehrly
Sim LaRiccia Al Lang Baloglou Terry
Ji FengDing Haile Rebarber Ndakbo Frey
Shannon MillerChang
Paur Sardis Taijeron Birgoren
Temte Wilson Huang Bloch
Scheffer Gompa Chueh Howes Deaton Lumberg Smith Lu Qian Vakil Davies Wu Aungst
Hermiller ReidHarris Patrick Yap Froderberg Noble Umoh
Taylor Mouhab Swift Vrem Widman Tang
Sullivan Czarcinski Chen Pitts Quinn Russell Pletsch Waters Culwell Kowalik Xia Tataru Haunsperger Johnson Rehbinder Egerstedt Lichtman Comisky Zhou Comfort Bousbouras Murthy Barreto
You Gibson Leeds Zhong Najfeld Streit Ögren
Lawlor Morgan ZhangKime Kwon Valentin Lewis Lehmacher Roush Jacobs Archer
Denne Bindschadler Chapin Luft Deutsch SparkmanChen TaoOmori Daly
Hall Culmer Stead Williams Jacobs Asmar
Petrich WakefieldBarbina
Stein BentleyMillen Diao KohGrimm Tolle Boyd Schwingendorf Newenhizen Fiske Phillips ElManshad Waiveris O Ulmer Davenport Barton
Hsu Zhu Ghosh Harkins
Johnson Wicklin Meloon Brown Meier Lander Cheng Sarhangi Weerakoon Liu
Durnberger Faires Birnbaum Apaloo Bolano Hundal Leader Klopfenstein Shulman Li Infante Schach
Putney Kitto Mosley Lu
Garren
Li Davis Kirby McLeish Johnson
Brothers Fitzpatrick Weinberg Liu TurrittinRang Seitelman BennettYan Saari Tien Wu Gefeller Hewitt
Bund
Rees Macpherson
Snavely Makuch Messaoudene Griswold Slepian
Shotwell Modeer
Kuai Ghosechowdhury Patnaik Urenko Nenadic Keeler Zhao Recoder Raczkowski Eballe Payne Halpenny SmithYun
Ozmutlu
Richeson Stawiska Worfolk Pergher WangZhouColemanDeng Bonawitz Varma Qin Shonkwiler Faulkner DeBranges Coury Miles Zitarelli Downey Ota
Rykken Kar Hung Mabizela Wilhelmsen Byrnes York Runnion Kosler Lander Turnbull
Iturriaga Thompson Najafi Zhang Jones McKibben Petalcorin Mellor
Silva KupferschmidEch TeglasCalvetti Lin Tsolomitis Yang Pollard Marut Hulkower Liu Kong Maharjan Mira Grady Waller
Rovella Kassof Du Fanti Chu Calkin Gaffney Chaney Doraiswamy Sanderson Bending Andreou
Stafford Moar Wiseman Meleshuk Yao Li Hansen
Ho
Chinn Meddin McKelvey
Obersnel
Eidswick Li
Bolstein Chen
Moore Stromberg
MacLean
Thurber Rodriguez Gibson Danielson Camina Nochefranca
Pipinos Cauchie Preston
Ruggiero Enrich Holmgren Willms Kelley Poon Eloe Lee Nelson Schirmer Chen Traustason Penttila Spencer Campbell
Craizer
Paternain Myers Duflot
Mathai
Locci Franco
Rugenstein Zoracki
Niemi
Morris
Ales
Wimelaratna Leech Vogt Koopman Mozzochi Smarandache FergusonVeiler Roark Viola Lee
McKay
Hartley Rutherford
Law Tierney Conlon Chen
Doering Falbo Alspach Kowalski TrembinskaSaltz Cline Buehler Erlebach Peterson Kao Naylor Inyang Cohen Maund
Asher Frank Batterson Wang Kruse Bunyan Chandapillai
Prather Hawley Nakao Bahrampour Pringle Devine Khayaty Gomes Gilbey Hamilton Beattie Berliner
MacNeille Austin Butler Adkins Schneider Winston
Barandarián
Araújo Alongi Narasimhan Guckenheimer
Haruta Harou Vieira Daccach CoveyBeck McNamara Cheng Federer ZhanHare Mitchell Lin Stone Argabright
Baartz Goodman Hamaker Levine Yang Groves LimCuaresma
Covington Sweitzer III Gavin
Hiller HegnerJohnson Davis Metzger Shapiro Quick Bamberg Bose Albert
Carvalho Gómez Gonzalez
Wang Hopper McKennon Dahlberg Juan Dorner Whiston Tarzi
Castro Mañé Hetzler Franks RoachFriedman
Bhattacharjee Baker Quillen Hardt Freilich Darrah Hale SongMoore Kelly Lowney Newell Hartung Saenger Boas Butterworth Xu Alexander Finch Wymore Shimanski Rosenthal Simmons
Grubb Hart
Magid Mitchell Kangas Osofsky
Inglis Royle Gamble Roney Whelan Haran Crato Kuruc Fong
Santos Bauer Zeithoefler Swanson Phillips Prokhorenkov Scott Ecker Kouada Zhang Michelson Donoghue Boyle Cameron Giudici
Duarte Dias
Tromba Sajna Varga Barron Cashwell Booth Mugler
Passow Heo Mann
Hawkins Wolk Allen Griffin Dearden Jewett
Gage Ludington Curtis Rao Lau Cartwright Peile Varshavsky
Foltin Richardson Schedler Koidan Cleveland Flinn Ritchey Camillo HaighMann Vaughan Fang Pinneri Williams Kovacs
Alves Martin Rezende Lee Borsari Wiebking ZhouChen Luo Chidume
Bragg
Haltiner Kinukawa Unni Akutowicz Cardan
Vanaja Han Novak Gan Pond Leahy Jain Alejandro
Praeger Iranmanesh Teague Matthews
Chen Atela Li Rogak Imoru Newman Bartelt Ornstein Lischka Berger Yang
Holland Doeff Zhang Langer Fagella Winters Rowland Handron Crowley Lin MooresDemers Zhao Johnson Suzuki Achilles Koranyi Marathe Brown Song Baddeley Rodgers Gasquoine Shareef Altman
Moreira Madden Mehta McIlwain Dziuban Fotso Pedroso Lee Vass Erickson Feinerman Eberlein TischerHeiman Tseng Suwilo Jones Yu Hungenahally Li
Sanghvi
Markarian Pfaff Sion Marshall Stone Seltzer Burghduff Resnikoff Weiner Jamison Zhou Kullmann Sherman Kuhn CaldwellCozzens Liu Pasechnik
Bochi Rodriguez Arroyo Nevins Song Kenyon Weihe Ziebur Langer Hughes Porter Garder Boyer Yuan Lipman Hegedüs Zhou Armanios Wells Johnstone Mukhopadhyay
Jacobson Rocha Hummel BuckMather Hintzman Linden Kellogg Lu Bagley Raposa Perez Shui Liu
Rassias Langlois Huang Nitecki Pierce Devaney Durkin Srinivasan Jones Mou Ulrich Chang Guy Yan Saxl Stokes Adak
Shah Mohrmann Ashdown Grotowski Tonegawa
Luzzatto Landweber Smith Lawrence Poet Purcell McSorleyBuczak Lee
Schwid Gao Todd Hsieh Qian
Sambarino VeraRocha Mendes
Corlette Forman Iberkleid Marinov
Liu Kazarinoff Colvin Widder Sinkhorn Hughes Cifuentes
Kweon
Monico Shader Lister Brown Salter Demas Daugulis
Zhang Faith Xiao Heisterkamp Lawther Greenhill Emmens Dass
ArmendarizShirley
Bernhard Koo Cholewinski Hirschman Kabak Darragh Schack Clifton Nuebling Wang Shyamalkumar
Viana Thomas Espina Zhou Liu McCann Ruchte Verde Roberts Liu Quinn Rashwan
Horita Ures Xuan Ong Schecter Sawyer Tai Tang Garza Wilks Elliott Hood TauswortheLiang Zaromp Whitney Smith Lele
Morales Rojas Peterson Han Lin Bardwell Gurwood Overdeck Tan Park Foregger Foregger Jung Wang Sharp Ramsay Bhattacharjee Kujawa Kipnis Sun
Rocha Sessions Oehsen Dinkel Withers Morris
Morse Oh Haimo Muoneke Skipper Coll May Carlson Peng
Bhattacharya Pantelidakis Parent Cutler
Baraviera Sánchez Mora Sun Edwards Liu Mosbo Cole Tang HwangKim Adams Hamm Rockoff Hinson Young Gray Konnerth
Cabral Byers Costes McDonald Taylor Roberts Williams Rivera Hentzel Husband Evans Lieberman Dey
Reis Colli Buffo WisniewskiGottlieb Bennett Bledsoe Peterson CastlefrancoHethcote Song WalkerRutan Bloom Zhang Penico Nimmo Bondari Bruyns Gregory
Muniz Abdenur Lopes Palis Chou Bressler Albert Crow Dauns Matagrano Knappenberger Hedrick Hantler PanLevenberg Ross Pritikin Reisel Brydon Brundan Miller Birmiwal Zhang
Menad Karlovitz Winter Wilding Feng Chun Taylor Suchan Bender Kuchenbrod Brualdi Michael Zelinsky Callahan Kovach Ritchie Whitt McIver Tsai Bulutoglu
Brown
Tahzibi Rivertz Friedman Szenes
Smith Greene Tangeman Rechard Meush DeMar Hessler
Crosby Dinolt
Robinson Zaroodny Neumann Jones Ahmed
Pantano Coster
Rios Souza Beloqui
Plaza Martin Tomter Smale Gao Shub
Kim Quenell Gao Mena Yovanof Trachtenberg Taylor
Scobee Smith
Schiller
Myers Langworthy Lamy Agnus Wallenius
Bresenham Müller
Costa Bott Shields BeesleyStenberg Scheffé Aswad Galbraith Unnithan Pinkham Childress Bedford Kwon Mason
Chavey Gerstenhaber Atkinson Schaffer
Miller Porsching Yu Arnold Ketchum Hoffman Song Waksman Guelzow Timoney Lee Deretsky Tannenbaum Gardner Atkins Ture
Araújo
Catsigeras LoFaro Lopez Boyer Starcher Sigley Udinski Holley Strenk Chang RubelHartfiel Li Dietrich Rho Ponomarenko Giaquinto
Patterson Knudson
Kosier Möller
Notz
Díaz Tolman Squires Feinberg Morgan Rall Li Cheng Stroud
Ruas Bishop Payne DurisPatrick IV Stiffler Cheng Smith Limperis Seidel Statton Perlis Eaton McNab Tryer Ronse Naegel Resnikoff Patra
Metzger Schneider Kambayashi Wu
Ávila Melo Malta Gheiner Labarca
Nadim Priest Tran Duffin McMinnLeipnik JenkinsLeavittBruning AthanasopoulosFuzak Golomb Hestenes Slepian Belbahri Liu
Murray
Pairman Quackenbush Wachsmuth Wilson Putnam Johnsen Solheid Sneyd Son Huthnance Yu Dean Levins Molitor Tra
Pacifico Kopell Jewell
Dowling Benardete Teleman
Chou Shults Hines Ark Graesser Luecking Gaer Cho Mellendorf McDougal Helzer Rosset
Wichman Lataille Spencer
Cooper
Tompson
Cook Venkataraman
Purvis
Kleidman Li
Holzsager Goodman McPhee Bailey Park Metzger Lawver Weston Jeon
Pinheiro Rassias Clippinger ChildMalone BlandShallcross Stroud AtkinsonBoos Liebeck
Pujals Renegar Mangrad Smith Gaal Cohen Coe Petrovic Tinsley Sardinas Moore Langroodi Dowd Behrendt
Peinado Imhof Zhang Jensen Anstee Rayburn Menon
Romero
Tangerman Jones Pena Vera
Schneider Munoz Lacomba Banerjee Goldberg Stevenson Adams HosfordEnersen Fenceroy
Huang
Goldwasser Smith Weinblatt Oktac Hemminger Hasson Bamblett Audu Kojima Vardi
Vargas Smania Kostlan
Perez
Conlon Chiang Karney Mott Prins
Goodner Rosen Thoene Lancaster Steen Hopenwasser
Eilers Nam Shao Lazier Osborn Koepp Bobo Bai
Britnell Goodwin Ozsvath
Matei Bowker
Camacho Reis Moskovitz Phillips Tsui Ko Keenan Camburn Hoffman Robinson Johnson Tulley
Sad Fried Brooks Block Lobb Morley Boyce Kruskal Mayhew Fredricksen Birkhoff Street Wilson Haber Paige Lund
Klerlein Cohen Sin Guwal ApineJoseph Vauhkonen Steiner Suciu Ju
VanDerWoude OsbornYun Ferraro Megginson Lang Cho Lam Scheick SchaferTomber
Haab Franco Wan Saunders Yen Smith Kent Wilson Hoover HurdSherman Betz Brenken Willard Weinberger Cropper Stewart Oehmke Greenwell Momoh McIsaac Blackburn Ajoodanian Feighn Kiefer Lorden
Bowen Hasting Meyer Kellum Kodeih Rogers Krishnan Larsen Fulkerson Ryser
Sim Hathway Mitchell Rudolph Shor
Shahshahani Tse Sarma Dobbie O Batchelder Brink Cope Plachy Ma Shpigel Allen Ward Randolph Lee Dolan
Kitchens Marcus Sanches Lazarev Vasudevan Bunn Krahn Miller Milnes Henderson Patenaude Feil Umland Hines Lloyd Langmead
Gaspari Weinberger Ferrucci Guilford Steimley Locke Bridges Myung HoPark Joe Li Huffman
Pinezich Wong Ling III Lin Anderson Fairchild Wilson Andree Tsaur Fraser Ye Doyle Lisca Kaufman
Huang Dippolito BlumenthalHatcher Griswold Conkwright Nikolai Vasas
WoodwardSastry
Cogswell Houghton Stanek Price Howie Safari
Rice Jenkins
WilliamsGarabedian GravalosGuenther Robbins Pekara Gautier Lam Kadison Lester Robinson Divinsky Moore Sagen Kearns Lam Mathas
Branton Young Kan Anderson Butler Scribner Samaratunga
Mech Adams
Anderson Carmichael Clarkson Bolie Price Hinrichsen
GardnerLiu Kuntz Jacobs Muddana Bardoe Martineau Leness
Trow Kline Branson Nadler Hu Grinberg Lui Chivukula Grow Bower Ward Solel Pedersen Kaiser Heinicke Ha Zhang Clingher
Yang Patterson Newhouse Clapp Eerdewegh Welty Bristow Palmer Batigne Dribin Renshaw Wolfowitz Lopes
SuSather Bannon
May Wiorkowski Rees Morgan
Boyce Merriell
OliveiraLampe Wilde Reinsch Hsu Everett Gupta Fisher
O
MacPherson
Hubbard Betz Lord Sember
Cudia Luthar Beveridge Borden Kropp Foreman Sealander Miller
ShefferBrinkmann Lewis Rogers Dahlin Malone Trampus Jenkins Strehler Fuller Harper Collins Sezinando Calvert
Harris Walker Lim Yang Hensler
Fahlberg Hu Liu Niamsup Menick
Heckman BensonLinfield Ge Hjelmborg Sharpe Rinehart JacobsBhandari Smith Hampton Lok
Sullivan Kahng Dai Baddoura Yavin Ryan Sheung Day Moore Hamilton Fulman Cooper Goldhaber Nkwanta Biggs Block MohammedStephens Bryant Landvoy Lawson Kennedy
Damiano Omlin Carman Jennings Bailey Mayer Aarnes Albert Liggonah Lee Deloup BullockZielinski
Levine Braden Chang Chuan Ernest Jensen
Grossman QuirkLeetsma Truitt Anderson Bird Munroe Purdy Moore Larkin Bari Kahn Calhoun Latremoliere Hachmeister Shapiro Martin Weiner Brown Gordon
Archer
Camm Gibbon Clapham Hasssani Zapata Crosby
Owens Luttinger
Stajner Vilonen Wang
Brown Brannon Blincoe Mortensen Pearl Katz Stockton Tyrer Peach Tsau Shaikh
Cowieson Cleveland Molinek Anderson Kavinoky
Purdy Silverman Jessup Koch Oakley Beyer Lee
Jones Campbell Killen Nail Kokoris Chaffer Amin Rowlinson
LaTorre
Simpson Taylor Jastrzebowski Weintraub
Woodard Lofaro
Frohman
Wang McConnell Ferguson Kaplan Hansen Bell Brady Kannowski
Shafer
Shepard
Gunnells
Dushane Xu Hong Lewis Amrine Lee Hill Burdette Yagi Lai McKayle Marston Morrey Ayres O
Beer Wang Green Kahng Rørdam Portman MacDuffee III Sandler Jr Rodabaugh Rowley Jackson Maqsood Trautwein TzungGuglielmi
Fung Xin Dean DuBois Morrel Crawford Samuel Rosen Cullen Unger Taylor Barnes Cross Rickman Winslow Manseur Davidson Wolcott Miller Carter
Kaminski Scott Groah Hussein Thwaites Chuang Usadi McCooey Askitas
KaliszewskiBlankenhorn Wagner Graham
Gruendler Goresky Bonvallet Wong Wilansky Martin Sabotka Penn Woodson Neuhaus Griffing Thompson Bryson Belate Terrell Kiem Lee
Hanamura Yang Kist Peercy Laverell
Crawford Stark
Hayes Stormer Perna Kiokemeister Bush TornheimDubisch Iqbal Murray Uschold Chandler Griffin Assadourin Radloff
Babson Sommerfield Heo Sternbach Taylor
McAllister Smith Kipps Tomforde
SchweitzerAvitzourPutnam
Kim Buoni Harty Miles Nolting Cappitt
MullineuxMushtaqAshiq Gader Kathman Timm
Maesumi Ho
Nishibata Kerr III Mesina Wichman Scott Garside Hemmer Sussner Ortmeyer Feidner Epelbaum Curtis Jewell
Chern Shover
Ji Howard Ha ChangLeviatan Helms Howard Brown Ostling Laning Williams Williams Loring Abadie Kan Ward Walter KalischKa Morley Fletcher Kroll Ritter Greathouse Kidwell
Cockburn Shin Edmonds
Talmage
Doyle Vivian Kelly Danskin Richards Wiegmann Siegel Clarke Randell
Temple Wagner Chen Franekic Slivka Goheen Buley Hall Johnson Hummel Zhu
Pujara Hampson Dorff Huef Kupka Rieffel Kumjian Nyhoff Staal Cassady Zettel Davis Tritter Smith Kamran Zhu Boyles Zhao Tidd Schneckenburger Dristy Schwartz Arvola Falk Westlund
Cohen Zumbrun Yu Zeng Li Shapiro Frykman Baker Eifler
Xu
Powell
Kirch Terras
Aizley Rhode Seaton Nagy PaesGlimm Newberger Jordan Ye Dinnen Jacobson Butson Johnson Smith Tsai Getu Howson McDermott Shaheen Schiefelbusch Simon Rawdon Clemens Flanders Plotnick Lee Patterson
Orlik Heath
Brand
Chou
Kerr Krabbe
Smith Wang Megory
Iorio Bratteli Morrison Stafford Wilson Stewart Biggs
Morris Heilman Enge Sikko
Higman Hupert Croom Smith
Pant Johnson Raimi Kuller Friedman
Madden Berg Lewis Farsi Marchesin Scheuermann Deskins Page Bailey Simond Boyle Nimershiem Feist
Smoller HajacRenault Howard Conder Luke Lien Vance Odle Curtis Frankel
Li Cox Liu Jerison Cartlidge Kim Bukiet
Agrawal Mitchell Andrus BoisenAlperin Wheeler Kim Li Lee Fei Parker Szydlik Thompson
Oh Khodja Griego Mack Williams Atalla
Snyder Carroll Morse Shultz Ramazan Isaia SpencerThurston Ayres Case Hardell
Kalyansundar Radjavi
Anderson
Bakke Combe McDonough Finkel Cashing Ollman Hoyle
Roseman Park Hinrichsen
Lien Barrow Winter Linden Duran Phy Stoudt DeVos McEachin Rhoades Silverman Barker Park Hukle Exel
Sheu Brauner Cadet Furtado
Logsdon
Ramras
Smalø Hughes Shamash Katzenstein
Boukaabar Marlin Ayres Marchetto Kim
Dana Boyer Phillips Iyengar Gantos Southcott Rolfsen Mason Perkovic Rees Addepalli Tennant Hotchkiss
Rosenberg Venzke Derr Graves Fattahi Kuo Kim Khan Kim
Potoczny Myers Shaffer
Sedlock Laforest Bhatia Wilson Chatland
Petrucco McDonald Ganske Marwaha Quinn Zaks Tobin WoodhouseBeetham Everitt Gluck Brunner Smith Patty Fletcher Gans Pao Raymond
Aghajani Hesaaraki Garaizar Hosada Yoon Latimer Yang Green Riley Bridger Brumer Wilson Burry
Schaufele Oh
Nardo
Gardner Miller Hakawati Tessaro Sharma Liu Stancl Rouch Leen Abadie Putnam Pyle Marcos Rosenholtz Fair Reddy Levy
Razvan Wassermann Boersema Cerri
Pedersen
O White
Wenger Ong Walker Witherspoon Hewage Neumann Kyrouz Blackwell Rocca O Johnson
Stangl Isaacson Myers Roe Reed Flint Lee McCulloughGrasse
Smith
Taylor Blanton Chellevold Pitcher Gilliam Jonsson Mukherjee Brumfiel Yahaghi Simonic Fisher Hewitt Prince Dobcsanyi Ledet Engvall BellEthington Rhee Mazaud Keiter
Rosenthal Dreifus Underwood Ranum Baker Silberfarb Brown Guan Katz Wilson Thomas Kannan
Farjami MacDowell Cairns Keswani Brixey Sanwal Dickenson Brandt Pilz Exner Antonelli Eudave Kabbaj Harvey
Eszter Hoff Latil Macchione Katsuura Porter Lashof Sorets Kasum SandersonHull Hoare Reeves Easton Martin Schumann Adams Abramson Hsu Shy Schultens
Moghadas Radner LaBach Gallinari Harris Doerstling Margush McMorris Wayland Jochner Jahandideh Smith McBay Whitaker Friedman Ray Gerges Lampazzi
Zarnowski Miller Miller Breen Bussey III Hall Wilson Johnson Bhatia Voce
Razani
Hardy Eisenstadt Berg Moran
DeSapio Spencer Ng Matthews Ross GriffithsNowlan WuMoon Zhong Leighton Auslander Munroe Williamson Brown
Titcomb
Jones Shannon Bloomberg Sola Turner Bellis
Collet Tsyganov Heider Woodruff Bellamy Frohliger Shook Haberzetle Luo Kostenbauder Hemmingsen Ryan Hong
Savage Smith Kelly Brown Mason Jordan Couvillon Ding Moser Mayland
Zhao Yohai Wilson Davis Corbett Ishii Weller Lees Surace Diny Prince FeauxHunsucker Estes McDill Clark Munasinghe Peterson Gough TannerBurkinshaw Wang Kricker Kowng
Garten
Robinson
Patil Wallgren Kim Braga Brahana Scharlemann Sirotine
Garrett Dickey Haddad Varadachari Lam Mercuri Fukuoka Naddaf Schor Appelbaum Costa WillerdingGeorges Rees Newell Platzeck
Zacharia CoppotelliThiel Kulkarni Clay
BarrWiginton
Carothers Natsheh
KuoXu Su Moore Stark Dickson Chandler Pall Nipp
Todorov Martsinkovsky Fay Koslowski
Barrett Behrns Strebe Kim BomanTollefson Kalliongis Person
Foster Ballard Elsner Joseph Johnson Larsen Sparks Litzinger
Caron Irwin Matherne Teter Namboodri Smith Fox White Larguier Jeevanjee Aitchison Giller Kim Boden Cochran Ghuman
Tang Brown Grant Green Vandenboss Schultz Minkus Heitsch Peralta Taylor Milgram Montgomery Lewis Kaplan Doll
Ling Keener Smillie Lima Maier Harada Kainen Fremon
Frech Ferdinands Spickler Webber Nelson
Zhu Elkhader Burns
Leighton Shaker Kezlan Speers Mauch Thompson Parks Seda Moore Du Menzin Alling Miller Strecker McClendon FreedStitz Schmidt Kusner Dancer Handel Wu
Barrett Johnson Pyung Steelman McCarthyHedstrom From Taylor Militello
Limaye Kulkarni Gehman AbudiakMartinez Reeves Ko Yu Bigelow
Groot Langworthy Goonetilleke Cao Rigas Currier Boisen James
Cooper Archibald Hardy Solin Lobquist Su Melton Rice Stephanus
Greenberg Richardson Adkisson Roberts Maxey Apodaca
Zhao Grimmer Liu Tsai Hedlund Taylor Lukkarinen Kupiainen Lovaglia Pepper Williamson Brown Albert Rutt Lovell Cohen Myung
Kwun Patry
Martin Helsabeck Wadsworth Hruska Kennedy Larson Cheung Collins Moebes Davis Kania Menasco
Stemmons Smith Chaloner Weiner Bloom PirtleWright Hutchinson Anderson Morrow Johnson Beaucage Cassidy Yahya Goulding Betz Butcher Ensil
He Fife Grossman Bustoz Capobianco
Weiss Rinne Grou Garver McFarland Aof Edelson Slagle Kuo
Hass Deshpande Alam Bennett Neuzil Kuykendall Benton Papoulis Showers Hirsch Gomprecht Etgu Tong RubermanHuang Gee
Huang Wu Swick Ellermeyer Hazlett Farkas Rice Hardy Mucuk Ren Castellini KimBoals Meda Schneiderman
Jefferson Hyams Hakulinen Arkowitz Barry Dickinson Wright
Williams Warren Morez Mader Croke Lin Oldenburger Dines
Zuckerman Sugar
Börger
Huston Smith Sherling Wilder Costich Gérard Shapiro Albert
Harris StaffordJones
Tuller Evans Singh Young Yim Slaught Wells Hart Al EllisMahatabuddin Shukla Hajek NallRyden Claytor
Lindgren Huber Lee Coven Thale Lameier Hansen TownesOppenheimHumphreys Sorenson Landman
Mauldon Barcus
Ries Hilton Howe Rosenberg Fugate Anderson Anderson Nouh Nordstrom Chen
Grasman
SchluntWaltman
Jones
Silberger Bernard
Rawat
Larson
Scott Cariola Hook Chaves Cross WaidPollak Chang Moore AshleyShrimpton Hardie Meyer Hatch Kline Zippin Cross Kelley Spence Quinn Melvin Weidner
Taylor
Anderson Madden Stong Barros Stenlund Lennes RootGokhale Ghent Schiffman Piatkiewicz Smith Vaughan Harer
Fan Lange Hursch Pettus Barnard Heath Fantham Pan Schnare Feuerbacher Gary Grilliot Zhang Brownstein Foisy
Merrill Heidel Foland Luxon Bryan Markley Ori Riggs Bryce Gaba Cox Yoon Martin Tonks Salleh Kammoun Mishra Hutchinson
Martin Pilyugin Beck Pelland Mulvey Hidalgo Lustfield Merkes Kim Anderson Chewning ThompsonWunderlich Williams Eynden
Haymond Brown Jones Strain
Behera Cobb Schuck Lorensen
Voxman Lininger III
Knobelauch MacKayStoddard
Johannes Kaplan
Herald Kirby Gauld Ruan
Strassberg Gard Jakobsen Hillam Valent Alliston Liu Nyikos Zhang Swingle
Ragsdale Gersdorff
Utz Cunkle Shi Dennis Thron Rowlett Colding Pauls Bruton Niven Maxfield Harasani Berriozabal McLean Worth Roberson Miller Shoenfield Mueller Hartz Lih Wright
Chen
He Wypasek Deng England
Paul
Dempster Borwein Sanders Nelson Saiers Wheeler Bell McKinney Blake Tseng Moore Schweitzer
Glover Hopkinson Abd Song Alzobaee Woodard Mand
BoucherOdden
Socrates Pennington Ye Fryman Andima Reed Dooher Park Byers Burdick Montgomery Marsh Jones Briggs Thomson Clemons Maier Cheo Whitehead Brogan
Stewart
Armentrout SchoriCook
Nowell Beshears Hoffman
Tamulis Livingston Walker Mohamad Greenwood
Sitaraman King Hsu Henson Heckenbach Diesto Goggins Wegner Eggan Korntved Waller DakinHeyworth Seppala Pursch Goldfarb Kim Kwon Chen
Menguy Larsen May Hare Crossley FischerAlthoen
Rose Guo Heifetz Grabbe Clay Strojwas Zhuang Wright Edwards Frank Cole Wilson Isaac Gugenheim Seade Dancer Bdeir Stephenson Scarborough RothMerwin Schorow
Ohme Nelson ZeislerWong
Fennell Luo Torrence Owens Johnson Tran Metcalf Chapman
Ramakrishnan Mao BidwellTurner Wang Bauschke Beem Dolciani Christopher Ryden Cruz Singh Naik Ouyang Poddar
Ji Atwell GongHwang Hallam Wu Cook Callas Drake Stevenson Boessenroth Wolf Varino Asprey Horn Shi Warren Zane Stonitsch
Icen Ýçen Cockroft Steer Zhou Walker Harris Stiadle Mayer O Grigsby Hass Iseri Matveyev
Huang Molnar Ingraham Moses Hunt Gubbi Summerhill Hughes Jones Wilson Ancel Braun Jani Edwards Chen Gay Akbulut
Kumar Jacquet Greenberger Black Ackleh Lawton II Higgins SmithBaker Young Baker Stalley Swenson Mosa Powell Hubbuck Franklin Goldston Fassett
Lesin Bonnafé Halbout Benz Marshall Silva Cooper DeLuna Kamel Gottschalk Brook Huneke Wang Ward Chittenden Findlay Perez Smith MacNeish Duke Dressler Long Hooper Hughes Sutherland BoalchCalderbank Salamon Reed Gibson
Brechner
Lee
Weld
Hughes
Ok Pree Aull Brook Pitcher Wittekind Kuksov Laidacker
Thys
Livernet
Ferdinand Antonios
Koo Huang
Hlavacek Wine Klasi
Graves Hane
Trimble Trump Miller Blue
Chung Maxfield Woo McCudden Humphries Paechter Chang Kohli Boren Cliett ManerWest Manzur Stephens III
Michaelides
Wong Mellor OzanMikhalkin
Hakim Mantel Johnson Klein Mundt Ling Grant Singer James Hitchin Sabello Boyles
Bennis Leung Sawyer Pobanz Skarstedt Ramaley LeVeque Lune Hansen Snaith Chatterjee Sawon Bogner Baritompa Chu Abrams Gompf Vaughn
Warner Smiley Marsh
Renaudin Kauffmann Marin Schmitt Allen Li Siopsis Chu Auslander Fiedler
Federighi Stafford Gray Lee Yeung GreenHanks
Perez
Wambst Godement Rosso Ospel
Pukatzki Cameron
Brady Howe Conwell Pollard Wicke Grabner Pollock
Dudley
Freedman
Santos
Zaldivar
Hodgkin Krishnarao Griffiths Naber Sorgenfrey
II
Bell
Cook Gonzalez
Beck
KroonenbergNunnally
Henderson Swenson Dyer McNamara Fuller
Etnyre Sellami
Kassel Gaucher Qiang Keynes Alderton Girou Rodabaugh Detmer
Nuss Ye Nagarkatte Rabinowitz Guerin Garcia Burton Vitulli Ozeki Wheeler Wolfe Replogle Guting Walker Grobe Chun Jung Zhang Tipple ScheinostFeix
Andersen Lee Transue Cerin Finley
Stocking Millspaugh
Tan Campbell Vaughn Balaban Rim Ames Kirley Ming Thomas Oxbury Su Fendrich Morava Cadavid Kurihara
Roesch HaissinskyBle Cartier Smith Wochels Eisenberg Rhie Graham WolfDavis Buchanan Srivastav Ding Poor Heath Sharp Wong Anderson
Barratt Gothen Babcock Riley Garity Miller
Lieberum Baumann Emmert Chu Nerurkar Penazzi
Whaples Dorey Leitzel Fay BankIsmail Hansen Choo Laursen Pettey Sher Freden Harms CannonAdams Devadoss
Svendsen Balavoine Kesinger Gray Roberson Dyn
Berkey NobleLehmerWilliams Hannula Ng Zemanek Stancl LeVan Ruedemann Chen
Johnson Williams Chan Pornputtkul Anand Baier IV Hodge Reynolds
Chéritat Douady Helversen
Anderson Guggenbuhl Oppenheim Rutter Pedersen Whittaker Israel Stucke Jubran Patten
Pages Moore James Grabner Libis BaldwinGrove Caux Griffus Mullikin Spellman Broussard Felt
Loday Sund Finan Leitzel Hou Seo Crampton Klingler Martin Treybig Wiser Gershenson Krishnamurthi McCallum
Bisch Guin
Karoubi
Oberste Nelson Hakimzadeh Horelick Hassanpour Glass Nyman
Wright Reiner Carter Dalla Porter Dula Weibull
Hausel Garcia
Boxer
Connor Loveland Tatsuoka Eaton Everett Emert
Petrescu Oudom Carette Azarbod Neuberger Abbud Miles Biddle Raggi Troy Chen Al Payne Hurtubise Carlisle Vobach Farmer Cathey Miyata Zakeri Koray Madison
Stefan Buff Ellis Zampogni Lazer Coffey Hughes Pu Li Alexander Thistlethwaite Wakae Shepard Galecki
Frabetti Haraty Coutant Maharam Harris Miller Eccles Poon Dorroh Lubben Fisher Shawcroft RubinHusch Hatzenbuhler
Brown Wright Woo Mahmoud McCann Cox Parr Franco Coleman Byun Murray Gray HungBarton Proffitt Ssembatya
Câmpeanu Pekonen Franca Pothoven Yang Buzby Wilson Odenthal Nutt Carlson Shader So Gentry PittmannBall Babich
Radulescu Ram Hunter Effinger Rhee ListerBurgess Lamoreaux Fordham
Clapp Segal
Dykema Hubbard Dokken Unsurangsie Ali Castro Ortega
Chang Geissinger Nemeth Steed Pierce Sanchez Lee Ralley Sheldon Li Garrett Silva Tucker Davis Wishart
Feng
Hutchings Simone Swain O Tinsley Andrews Clark Curd Ahre
Maddaus Mitchell Pohrer Rant Solomon Hamstrom Stoughton Curtis
Timotin Bernier Dima Ma TrotterLoWilliams Perrizo Wong Neggers Madsen Rogers Baker Miller Vrabec Remage Winslow Keesling Boswell Tindell Dobbins Lindsey
Baroni Corel Stefansson Ron Johnson Nadathur Mullins Chen Wiegand Levy Bahl Dunning Davis Wagner Hall KingRiecke Lambert Cox Wright Beebe Chu Edler
Ceccherini Hodges Seldomridge Lopez Covington
Popa Nistor Baroni Tataram Ramis Cartan Panda Amirsoleymani Cossio
Kurepa
Gadam Kinch Daus Zelmanowitz Edmonds Spencer Khan Heerema Deveney Turner
Miller
Pearson Mohat Slye Cannon Vucic Su Symancyk Kunio Selden O Kinch
Hsu Okamoto Piccione Arslanov Benjelloun Wilson
Briggs Getchell Cover Morris Cliff Barkauskas Hayes Komornicki Cowan Chadick Goodsell
Asaeda Shu Leslie Zhou Hogan Newton Fisher Kuzmanovich Bittman Sadler Hall Peter Saveliev Hinrichsen Green Broome Pave Mramor Pownall Fort SandersAnderson
Cain
Mitschi Schleicher Gustafson Murtha Hudson Ehrlich Reilly Strong II Andrist Copes Brown II Lytle Overton Goldstein Reeves Lassowsky
Pimsner Zhang Fabbri Hu Ostrand Fan Donovan Alexander Nadler Pierce Sanders Vickery Glezen Schneider SeldenStepp
Ware Davis Thwing Álvarez Fernandez Lukesh Mitsuma
Nica Voiculescu
Ocneanu Havea
Dediu
Calude
Streinu Yue Little
Kaltenborn Hildebrandt Bass Cima
Wakerling
Howard Smith McDowell Rodriguez Mathews
John Moore Worrell Salpukas Bastida
Scott Mantellini Klatt Authement Olson Heinzer Dunfield Schweigert Shershin Gordon Martin
Riedl Katz Wituski Truitt Haefner Nicholas Riera Wilson Bauer Hoggatt III Mann
Boca Anshelevich Germain Serre Bartoszek Pufendorf Lipschitz Eisenstein Jones Fahy Wade Howard Carlitz Beard
Morrison Givens Rutledge
Iqbal
Nanda
Martinez
Cao
Thomas
Baker Davis
Moise Klaff
Chae
Yang Montgomery Hunter Poisignon Aucoin
Shlyakhtenko Suciu Westall WorthJewett Boyce Fox Cleveland Secker Oca Cuervo Rhee BernsteinStadtlander
Gu Malita Marcus Bourdon Meter Cavior Dowell Shell Daigle Purifoy Malbon Blakemore Lutts
Buzeteanu Zhang
Lin Stanley Habibi Heitmann Davis Wagner Zerla Terry Smith PennerSaadaldin Berard Shalen Cervantes Gorfin Butcher Lin Dumesnil
Wesselink Reed Clark Hoffman
Jones Grozea Barbosu Cismasiu Sturm Dirichlet Fourier Plana Welmers Hayes
Weiner Al Hodel Smith Briggs Alexander Stacy
Halperin
Arrow
Jayaram Hrycay
Henderson Ho KwakFulton Strother
Brasher
Huth Oberhoff Hildebrant
Peligrad Foias Chiorean Szechtman Vaughan Kurtz McConnel Li Alford Stubblefield Jackson Cook Smythe Sorgo Duda Kelley
Walker Bernoulli Wang Rouse Wells Cross McDonough Allen Keisler Kroeger HallettKlipple
Hou McMillan May Keesee MisloveZhang Thorsteinsson
Castro Ginsburg Huang Boyd Loepp Reid Hotelling Ramakrishnan Krajewski Yates Rosenstein Smith Karvellas Crawley Garcia
Ji Ly Cao Titi Syzmanski Gavrea Cobzas Weigel Wehausen Goolsby
Thomson Milies Fernandes Byers George Lee Blumen Siddiqui Mullin Schneider KrajewskiWang Basye Buchanan Munkres Mosher Day Friedberg
Graham Benningfield
Lutz Ackerson Bradley Rao Gagrat Walker Krebes
Dang Dushnik Rosa Johnson Menon Ezell Cannon O Gropen Hersonsky Wardwell Park Starling Tripathi L Hays Smiley
Canaday Wall Kim Cornette Younglove Maehara Roberts Borrego
Eden
Euler Barros Weber Veblen Howe Rousseau Young Jackson GiovinazzoHaynsworth Wallace Koch
Williams
Carruth Farley
Fu Wynne Hauk Leibniz Lagrange Poisson Hashimi Benharbit
Cohen
Anderson Nash
Renz Richardson
Walker
Sharma
Timourian Bermejo Hsieh Wilkinson Bookhout HegdeCuttle Puckett Shelden McGranery Choe Brown Hinman Collins
Olson Zsidó Nicolescu Dünnbeil Adam Habermas Jones Williams III Chand Kuzmack Hocking Church Forge Smith Williams Whyburn Brown
Rodriguez Cripps
Dumitrescu Bernoulli Brilleslyper Strus
Mitchell Hartley Parker Knebelman MarxHaque
Mills
Girolo Mahavier Jarnagin Soniat Kasriel Aitchison Clark Wilson
Ciupa Popoviciu Aïd Konstantinou Komm Schatz Ahmad Spears
Fray Sr Nicholson Naimpally Palenz Bandy Lehman Jr Sr Kropa Slaughter
To Haywood Stenson Smithson McCharen Yeager Gonzalez Walker Ganci Guisse
Potra Wildius Vogel Lin Matheson Salazar Robinson
Grimson Morris Tomlinson Jollensten Dickman Faucett Houston
Schmid Dumitras Krabill Church Price Benkard Nathan Wells Zhong Hahn Gentry Wenner Hong Holte Nandakumar
Dai Johnston Long Robertson Saalfrank
Blaga Stancu Hubert Lefton Goncalves GrantSholander Mitchell Ehlers Soland Jones Bacon Russell Dillon Fuller Hall Devun Rothman
Fernandes McGrew Krule Conner
Shi Dumitrescu Agratini Liouville Greenleaf Knight Vanderslice Conwell Thompson Scott Baccam Smith McMorris Petrides King
Hodel Harry
III Wertheimer
Strohl Greever Owens Muenzenberger Haywood Lau Chon
Lawson
Coroian Lee Moussa Reizner Hwang Krachni Bruasse Brezinski Jeannerod Pickrell Rickart
Kaufman Stevens Roselle Jin Wadsworth Kapoor Guay Kilgore Berner Zaccaro Malghan Selfridge Iltis White Williams White May McDougle Cohen Tucker Mashburn Goodykoontz
Yen PalmerWiskott Haliloglu Kakiko Davis Frey Saibel Itzikowitz Rudin Sharp Nichols Stenson Akst Sullivan
Masarani Gere Yu Bennett
Acu Montel Dora Fwu Mullen Zhou Hohmann Makky Wang III Heins III Bilazarian Jacobson Ashley Osborne Daniel Wage Williams Martin Wright Stone Siry Rector Schuh Eberhart
Schäfer Catinas Trudinger Suchower White Bennett Navy Crummer Boyer Kung Robbie Lin Ward Ferguson Stralka Buskirk
Asawakun Mir Derridj Roberts Meylan Kohler Dloussky Ferrari Bendat Dymacek Geisser Stenzel Kronk Beaucage Hsu
Shepardson Lazarevic Kramer Honerlah Plunkett CabellKlemm Sigmon Lum Lu
Chauvier Bonavero Gastinel
Ambrose Solodovnikov Saccone Cole Sanabria O Watson Brent Cleave Feustal Brown Gilbert Civin Livingston Duke Morris Cain Mendivil Mitchell Barnhardt DuncanBenander Bergman
Gilbert Apostolov II Lorica Schulte Vaughan Spitznagel Lea
Chasles Morgan Frisch Diller Walkington Bosse Little
Perry
Davidson
Osborn
Simmons Parsons Shirley Arnquist
Perry Jacobson Sinal
Lindahl Stafney Simon Terrell Khuri HarrisMohler Bunch
Baouendi Chang Dogaru Hashtroodi Beale Rosenfeld Cullough Pease Jensen Lobb Gonzalez Rose Anderson
Capdeboscq Dieudonné Bachar Dowling Ogawa Benedetto Thomas Franklin Hrusak
Weiss Jiang Tucker Gross Paschke Peterson Bussian Sullivan Anker Floyd Haley Harrison Hu McConnell Clarke Haase Gonzalez
Goudon Vityaev Boucksom Toure Gauduchon Bourgeois III Fink Moore
VilaSmithO Rose Rogers Pope Lominac Rosenzweig Norfolk
Himonas Carr Cho Yang Ford Ting Titt Johnson Gorelic Jones Bachelis Williams
Lehner Carron Andreucci Rulla Starbird Lee Lawrence Roy Dimitroff Knight
Gorsky Roberts Hanges Chan Kerfoot
Spraglin Loeb Curtis O Dawes Packer Worthington
Qiao Brahm Chipman Lewellen Terrell Lee
Mohammad
Aubry Diaconu
Sun Phillips Holte
Guan Minovitch Cook McCulley Wood
Koszmider Steprans Vought Lewis
Carrano DungelloChicks Cuttle Franke Johnson Lee Mohammad SandomierskiJones
Allaire Mutchler Goul Depauw Oprea Rollin Ngoc Labbi Guediri Hollingsworth Rock Lindstrom Bourezgue Weaver
Sims Rigoli Kim Wood Zumbrunn O Rao Delistathis Denman Greef BerkowitzTaussig Hunter Kennedy Farmer Tymchatyn Cateforis
Luong Hirschowitz Ozawa
Bondy Gronbaek Bernstein Pak Showalter Rooney Burke Thomas Sit Sanders Vick Chu Whitehead
Demailly Lemaire Franc Slobko Johnson Lundquist Franek Feichtinger Yohe Waggoner Gibbons
Buvat Hwang Won Ahluwalia Gomez Su Muckenhoupt Kollmer Manocha Parra
Orden Valentine Avakian Watson Pearl Chrestenson Krause
Stolovitch Sottocornola Arthurs Bourgault Eid
Laeng Visarraga Prasad Levine Donaldson Berg Boudhraa Chan Yakubu Lohuis Lee Dunn Yeung Benander
Hamdache Mounoud Layton Markowitz HuangHarle Jagy Morton XuMomken Yates Gordh SmithGrace Fitzgerald Goodrick
Kramer Ferris Wen Kelley Starbird Johnson Yang Abo
Dobranszky LafitteJeanne Rumin Robert Verdière
Vanderwinden Schmidt Porter Reed Thoe Figà SimmonsLoeb Peters
Ghanmi Clark Kuttler Vogt Hanson Tall Szeptycki
Rabus
Heath Minear McAllister
ThomasCash
YoungBoles Kallin Tuncali Beidleman Leeney
Auroux Bounaim Ozawa Jensen Totaro Haneken Tordella Block
CapelleMalgrange Chossat Borel Lafontaine
Balas
Raisbeck
Perlis Bonnett Schlais Casler Friberg Li Perry Wittbold Propes Ragland Miller
Puel Hillairet James Grubb Horning Brown Wilson Burdick Anderson Thomas
Faugeras Lazzarini Pansu Sun Bihari Nailor Steger Kwan Liao Musso Kobayashi Zandi Pate Creede Hagopian Jones Gillman Welmers Bear
Murphy Shin Woo Zwick Hasegawa Oppenheimer Allendoerfer Wilde Swett Davies Bedenikovic Harvey Cobb Gerlach Singh Crass
Zaidi
Mandallena Bourbon Ricard Berger Prue Ralston Dua Driscoll Hansman Feldman Valaristos Koosis Pedersen Prosser Cramton Roth
Paun Brydak Dayawansa Johnsen Geiger Speece Harris Rogers Anderson Laszlo BiskupEdwards Brewster
Biquard Koh Mabuchi Nicholson Snell Picciotto
Drutu
Berger Darboux Brooks
Farhat Kiernan KrainesAkyildiz Laskar Petrus
Dilks Price Best
Boisdefre
Ounsy Caillau
Klamer Gilioli Bourdon Czerni Holcman Balakrishnan Perez Harabetian Travers Burke ShepherdZheng Oldham Foster
Scott Junqueira Cavagnaro Goblirsch Bing Solomyak Fell Landstad Sieradski
Sanchez Blum Iooss Rozmus Czerwik Aubin Boen Seybold MajumdarDomke Doucet Nagase Brin Atkinson Welch Yeh
Gauthier Meziani Lukasiewicz Navaratna Grzegorczyk Shilepsky Smith Coram Cardona Liepins Doyle Doody
DeLoura Santos Thomas Zuhong Guiraud Steinberg Wester Sertoz Russo Soloway
Berggren Chaatit Sinclair ParkerFlaherty Li Laufer Yang Son Terry Pfaff Bennett Villarreal Dieffenbach Slack
Sei Carrère
Francsics
Narasimhan Bismuth
Hebey
Djadli Elliott Washburn Oliveira
Carrell
Phelan Brahana Kaltofen
Baildon Gale Craggs Evans
Namioka
Lee Garnett Tenny Bogley
Lemos Rugina Gualtierotti Horn Koss Knabe Caviness Berge Heil Burkhart Kimber
Kearsley Goldman Nang Laurent Almgren Boyd Hosay Rosen Glaser McMillan Raspopovic Leibon Shepler
Topuzu Santiago Ju Mersky Vadakkekurputh Edwards KwackMaynadier Cho Arslan Ferguson Yff Alvarez WebsterOlinick
Zafiris Datta SeeseGersonowicz Auroux Bourguignon Utikal Pugh Glasner
Holen Chastkofsky Yoon Nam Taylor Brawley Lerner Wong Turner Lee Crovella Woodruff Lehner
Brown
Jones
Messer Xu Salehi Skau Kaul Jajodia
Ruan Carrizosa Noailles Sili Malagutti Lohrenz Kuczma Cresson Vaugon Pettet Haver Eisenlohr Hempel
Smajdor Baker Majda Robey Kessar Nyenhuis Spring Wong Winicki Bailey Hyman Wright Rakovec Boulis Schwartz Fredericks
Jouini Cornet Picaud KozakVernicos Fanaai Marle Faget Chao Palais Kim Teitloff JensenCohen Wright Shrikhande Weber Baggett Ayaragarnchanakul
Tavares Kordylewski Besson Royston Brown Wertheim Malek Bean Crary Richter Belfi Galup
Glowinski Ayad Swallow Kim Drufenbrock Brown O Wing
Aubin
Bamberger
Hounie CohoonTreves Neelon Loizeaux Gross RoytburdLong Artola Thompson Korchagina Brozovic Hamza Calbert Flesch Stötzer Park McAuley Reed Feuerman Sternfeld
Caravone
Delzant Shim Kramer Zaremski Bass
Nasser Kwon Moroianu Margerin Winiarska Verovic
Mikulski McKeague Frey Chae Benson Herzog Eisenman Belnap Schubert Hasisaki
Schnibben Sheyner
Orgad Reiz
Yap
Knoblauch
Lu Row Flapan Johnson Lyon Myers Rosenblatt
Rocha Bonnisseau Benoist Singer Bechata Maubon Mouton Stuart Tran Duncan DavisMoore Gamble Powell Shama Reed Dent Dent Gerlach Jones Lewis Dona
Schaffer
Timofeyev Dziurzynski Feit Nettles Damon Latner Dancis Lusk
Carthel
Bernadou Schwartz Matkowski Bieszk Pidekówna
Gancarzewicz
Lucas
Hsia Tang Frandsen O Messmer Schwennicke Baldridge Pax Daverman Abedi Richey Li Johnson
Xu
Petersen Péreyrol Thomann Nam Solomon Gossett Estrada Movshovitz Zaslavsky III Roeling Demir
Moloney Postawa Konderak Pogoda D Hartenstein Civil McCarron Hoehn Burke Kindred Treisman Kister Bedient Jaco Evans Kornelson
Medecin Yildiz Ahmed Chami Pielichowski Rodrigues Droz Thompson Rebman Braunfeld Krauss Christoph Amsbury Brown Ferry Mouron
Silva Melo G Lee Goodman Bourlioux Lawser Archdeacon Pong Ungar Neufeld SimsHenderson
Miller Sedory Courter Joy Reinhold
Zaidman Dienes Pasicki Kare Topa Whitten Oh Graham Long Yang Davis Rin Ho Maier Kim HalversonSnyder Ratcliffe Avramidou
Berhanu DuChateau Wolak McLaughlinPegoDenny Woldar Batiz Detlefs Karp Liu Lipshitz Im Bloch Argiris
Cordaro Martin Bochenek Vien Zajtz Gurski White Colby Delahan Marker Tourniaire Mason Strube Lou
Lions Przybycin W Deszy IwasawaSchultz Meth
Crane Thrall Smith Houde Johnson Glover
Ferguson Demaree Mylnikov
Sun
Fintushel
Li Wilson Preston Seidman Sikkema Terry Volmink Haynes Lee Olsen
Alabau Kim Tighiouart Altman Scott Wheaton Jacob Guilbault EdwardsKranjc Trace
Jabir Douthett Hammons Decker Sanderson Miliaras Connelly
Rosengarten Videla Weiss Wróbel Go Zhang Bertozzi Seligson Kapoulas Lockhart Ihring Mark Cutler
Kucharzewski Zandecka Bello Rybicki Perez DaiAlvarez McRae Floyd Debonis Resek Addis Kitto Rosamond
Tryuk Suchanek Bielecki Jones Nesin Karp Jean HowardHenkin Léonard Wieczorek
Slaminka Kozlowski Meyer Miller Bennett Burnette Borges
Raviart Moszner Engelberg Lenker Case Voon Howard Mayer Thurston Jones Shors Wang
Raugel Cohn Grosvenor Blanchard Kitchen Reagor Walsh Keremedis Riley
Mato Koseleff
Cherlin W Hy Wagstrom Wu Keller Cashy Gallin McCullough
Stum Latka Gawrylczyk AlLuchter Ishiguro Kurshan Brandt Vest Wall Carr Saracino Pelletier
Moore SacerdotePheidas Gresham Choi Lay Metcalf Choi Heisey Patching Ferguson Stern
Mourrain Ruatta Campbell Jakubowicz Opozda Cobb Quintero Dietrich
Grz Wilkosz Williams Jans Becker Kranakis Hildebrand Urner Morizumi Zhou
Naso Li Wo Siwek Bialostocki IntermontMackiw Zhong Falk Derakhshan Macintyre Poleksic Bowers III Robinson Fischer Crossley Farley
Nussbaumer Dean Serafin Dodd JohnsonLake Baeten
Zolesio Paulin Wheeler Lightstone Altinel Tripodes Formella Hoborski Meerdink Ferland Boone III Singletary Mayoh Ruane Akin Klassen Smith
Messing Parker Mulry Hurwitz Kolb Danas Deane Davidson Anderson Kochen Ozbagci
Cea
Lagha
Steketee Robaszewska Joshi
Masih Zhornitskaya Xu Lindley Mochizuki West
Halpern Ogden Madison Bestvina Cohen McCoy
Hale
Hoste Austin
Bercovier Tebou Quiros Midura Tabor Turski Misir Adams Kock Roy Premadasa Fischer Al
Abdeljaouad
Richter Brady Irudayanathan Schmidt Geoghegan
O Schuetz
Dimovski
Anderson
Miller Witowicz Pogorzelski Spalinski Fitting Bloch
Cagnol Urbano Searl Lengyel Trimble Bauer Forsythe Easton Curtis Kieft Bushnell Kelly Thuong
Soufyane Grothendieck Dubrovsky Israel Rosenblatt Quigley Wilkerson Topp Hughes Bonet Buss
Schaal Huang Bloomsburg Bergner
Powers Lawvere Faro Karlov Smith Macura Matic
Chang Deligne
McGrail Robinson Zaremba Curry Scholnick Wolf Lindgren Gentle Funderburk Martin Fernandez
Plavchak
Ladegaillerie Poffald Lee MacDonald Henderson Strounine Jacobs Miller
Laanaia Hammouch Wood
TanyiBernstein
WidenerOversteegen Brouwer Heller
Arroyo Chueh Farmer
Lopez Perkins Rounds Felcyn Hensel Smullyan Zhao Cox Kou Lynch McKinleySteffenson
Contou Phillips White Daw Cleary Michael Mihalik
Zoubairi
Sto
Jaworowski Rallis Keller
Varadarajan Tierney Betley Badzioch Sawka Thompson Daigneault Robinson Pogorzelski
Kamizono Werremeyer Krajcevski
Bahls
Bucur Rapoport Mannucci Rector Page Vinsonhaler Boos Mitchell Kopperman
Dziri Collino
HulbertReich West Grispolakis Krasinkiewicz
Cruickshank
Blanc
Lee Gunter Wagner Scott Chicone Robbin Fish Baldursson Hou Lakner Blumenstein
Leroy Ross Zemel Mimna Reichaw Vora Latch Wu Askanas Halpern Qian Profio
Rudnicki McDonald Minc Peschke Ritchey Winder
Bardos Wedhorn Winkler Omiljanowski
Park Yanofsky Lotspeich Hallet Rasoanaivo Enayat Velleman Caicedo L
Outassourt Gaussent Mulla Feuer Johnson Stover Farjoun Dwyer TrautmanZhou Spasojevic Pollett
Alinhac Illusie Dye
Piotrowski Lelek Epps Luo Panitchpakdi Glover Guard Church Pikovsky Karatzas Cvitanic Rios
Houakmi Dutour Chavent Verdier
Kugler Madan Gold MarcumAllen Chen
Golumbic Baker Wilson Horowitz Ritchie Benes
Arasmith Miklos Aronszajn Zimmer Littleford Kang
Feyock
Zaremba Goldstone Wu Carson Merrill Price Kunen Saraswat Shapiro Springsteel Kemeny Cadenillas
Moss
Sawatzy Prajs Pedrick Kan Mauger Anton Tong Birkedal Gostanian Xue Wang
Helffer Ladhari Maltsiniotis Jr Goldberg III HarrowCollins Wajs
Aregba Charatonik Czuba Mioduszewski Saks Lucas Sieklucki Mintz Grossman Dzamonja Lamb Goodman Strong Jones Chirimar Kierstead
Zoonekynd He Moodie Nikiel Jennings Beck Bousfield Zrotowski
Pohl Rowe Applegate Villaveces Ketonen Pozsgay Moschovakis Moser Jones Thakur
Hanouzet JolyFouquet En Buckingham Hoscheit Rosenberg Fechter Bennett Barland
Alibert Oncu Moore Dietz Lee WoolseyKatz
Thompson Bustamente Weidenhofer Hannan Jongh Vanderbilt Shochat
Milisic Rakowski MitraCharatonik Eilenberg Schlesinger Berg Higginson Miller
Laumon Montgomery Knaster Duda Gerlach Borsuk Giaccai Hirschhorn
Gunnarsson Currie WingersHerink Velickovic
Petkovsek
Mansfield
Davis Sorbi Andrews Hodas McColm Kolaitis Solecki
Krupski Mackowiak Malraison Wilger Mulmuley LaForte
Mohamed Castillo Tuomela Lafforgue
Manka Rudolf
Molski Roberts LandraitisHarnikSchwartz Emerson
Al Paola Nadathur Fenson Cenzer Riazati
Lejay Beauville Gonzalez Priddy Kleinerman Martino Ince Bishop Stahl
Vasseur Jenson Royer Cuadrado Smith Bertanzetti Xi Elliott Liang Liu
Laszlo Zakrzewski
Mazurkiewicz Fossum Eckertson LaBerge
Fleissner
Landver Booth Hart Raychaudhuri Cowles Koppel Denes TuringFisher Issar Bumble
Molinari Becker Uzcategui
Arponen Després Zbierski Sikorski Spiez Pavlicek Jackson Linfield Wagner Felty Kleene Townsend
Cutcheon Moschovakis Kechris Li
Bachelot Druel Lysenko Salwicki Blass Hutchinson Chen Ratliff Schuster Douma Smith Jackson Rosenbaum Jacobs
Ehrenfeucht Holsztynski Patkowska Wanna
Gonzalez
Maliakas Woempner Perlis Keller AndersonPfenning Swartwout Ramsamujh
Pavelich
Boffi Karwowski Duch Lebowitz Strasen Axt Smith Freedman Rubin
Remy Térouanne Guzicki
Kuratowski Sierpiñski Kuperberg Gover Minami
Stanley Tesman
Elgot
Gordon Virga Schuermann Hinman
Lagoutière Debarre Brynski Artale Gemeda Klucznik Pekec Opsut Mann
Rasiowa Janiczak Michel Patterson Kosinski Coomes Akin Kunkel Miller Zuckerman Dietzen McDowell McArthur Gordon
Krynicki Smith Sanchez Venkateswarlu Barankin Farnell RabinPersiano KojmanBen Spector Sofronidis Ditzen
Ko Sridharan Jinnah Kulich O Stenger Whitney Kirousis
Doheny Kuperberg Srinivasan Wolfe Michaylov Vesley Nelson
Schneider Miller Cozzens Isaak Narayan Nirkhe Meloul Crawshaw
Darrigrand Mostowski
Schinzel
Eagle
Bode Buchsbaum Olson
Purang Shelah Yee Oglesby Neeman Rose John
Milton DeLucia Winslow Brown Cheng Curiel Yates FreemanChell Clemens Wardlaw Camerlo
El Apt Krajewski Cullinane Gillette Froemke Tygar Grant Clarke
Blefko Fora Amgott Jothilingam Thompson Breutzmann Juedes
Tan Clark Seaquist Hain Gabel Parimala Tankou Dharmadhikari Cruz Chen Young Ki
Onyszkiewicz Mahony Stallings Yang Faber
Turner
Guattery Dodd Prullage RajlichSchimmerling Minichiello Jhu Kastanas Lutz
Shore Mitchell Wong Denny Heydon Hoole Andretta McClosky Stoltenberg
Adamowicz Wisniewski Just Knoebel Walton Foster
MarczewskiTsali Mrówka Kabanov Weyman Subrahmanyam Sundholm Call Dawes Krom
Kossak Grzegorczyk Moore Moulton Kulkarni Komanaka Grossberg Gandy Hodgetts Lathrop
Krawczyk Iwaniec Gregory Knudson Niefield Chawathe
CooperBhatwadekar Lessmann Narciso Welch Rosser Steel Zafrany Addison Nguyen Springer
Marek Chen
Tsai Lear Sommers Rege
Pickett Smith Alpert
Magill Dyer Devi Rowlands Barnes
Wingard McColgan Waller
Delavina Jakel Terasawa Li Choudhuri Kaigh Daniel Jalali Hicks Adler
Pelc Neveu Pitt
Chow Sansing Pitblado Gerard Palachek Ramakotaiah Moran VanDieren Mendelson Hailperin Cunningham Tourneau Wesep Quaife
Luo Ulrich Deb Limaye Das Rajagopalarao Brooks Astromoff Pixley Sussman Smaill
Dubiel Fajtlowicz Anderson Phillips Rudominer Kamin
Matlock Bull Cuckle Benson
III Subbiah Strickert III
Ernst Chhawchharia Vandell Sioson Paisner Myers Jorgensen
Michael Overbay McKeon Stillwell
He Fraughnaugh Thompson Crofts Minor Moser Bridges Miller Garland Swarup
Wiggins Chandra Krussel Beineke Richardson Willoughby Kelenson Cookson
Frawley Harle
Maddox Lin Fraughnaugh Stracener Boddie Parr Schucany Polansky Manvel
Brown
Allen
Uiyyasathian Heilbron Hodges Ghosh Owen Li
Bailey Miller Bagga Kazam Singleterry Tzuu Yao Johnson Hoffman Huang Constable
Wang Campbell Seibert Nicholsen Seppalainen
Borgman Molina Cho Harary Stone Tarditi
Yatracos Orrillo Klotz Palmer Kabell BurnsPennell Grosen Yaqub Paris
Wang
Singh Hsiao
Shyu Cha Thombs Hoffman Psomopolous Young Feiner Rogers Orey Hong March Jeon Wadge
Arakaki Hunt
Loyall Colby
Yan Fernandez Striebel Fix Young Yeh Lee Adams Battle Hodes Weerasinghe
Linton
Bates Basin Mehlhorn
Laue Greig Oyelese Kulkarni Guenther Chou Perera Spencer Paiva Hardy Heintze
Chao Lindae Swensen Gaffey Plantholt Samuelson Hyland
Lee MooreYamini RondogiannisWeyhrauch Sengers Lillibridge Shivers
Trauth Carscadden Putcha Wilson Marsh Bezuidenhout
Agarwal Javitz Haas Draves Lee
Lo Balder Traxler Löcherbach Crasswell Lester Borrego Durling Bao Guha
Gass Chae Stockmeyer
Kreider
Kahr Ritter Chang Sasaki Morrisett Alt Godau
Aalen Goria Schwartz Ray PutterChen Bosmia
Exoo Prins Loustau Hassanali Kent Tan Huang Reilly
Harper Okasaki
Caby Höpfner Schulzer Eroh Walters Geiser Cranston Orgun
Liu Clifford Carlyle Levine Cook Bauer Augustine Sankar Gass
Abrams Marcus Chapman Phoa Bovykin Hong Nord
Sehr Meeks Osei Yang Wang Fabian WangPierce
Wang Tolmatz Majone Rittgen Yu Shachter Posner Wasserman Verity Ling Necula
Wu Torgersen Jeeves Kubicki Schwenk Hodge Schaeffer Leou Yang Djordjevic
Wittenberg Korn
Sane Neyman ScoyHarris Markus Arlinghaus Dorer
Darden Adler Eaves Brooks Norman Riley
Hummel Jockusch Minimair Beeson Bhat II Iwanowski
Mukherjee Chang Daras Hucke Bühler Solow Marquart Cartwright Acharya
Lee Hwang Chen Acosta Smiriga
Esary
Cam Janssen Kraft Grinstead Hedetniemi Yue Chen
Campbell Park Luckham Ingrassia Kaye MacIntyre MacQueen Campos
III Hare Plummer Kurtz Richter
Leichner SomersEmamy Walter Robinson Friedman Fredette
Green Gurland Samuels DaviesTsiatis Ilyes Lawes Cong Huh Neff Llewellyn Slaman Minea Clarke Jha Ligatti Knauer Blömer
Chen Wang Steck Edler Mau Yang NarayananMitchell Welch Blaylock Parikh Wolf
Lowenthal Blum Burch
Foster Xu Yang Gomberg HughesSeiden Morton Shu Malde
Antoniak Rankin Hoyos Slater Wimer Staples Staples Polak Buchanan Lippe Zhao
Altenburg Korf Cohen Celikkan Sims
Chiang Singh Read Eudey Tate ShangBang Solis Davis Lawes Nelson McMillan
Emerson
Truelove Moussatat Gu
Chang
Kunz Brech Raghavan Talluri Smart Brown
Mileti Hutchinson Sacks Griffor
Vaidhyanathan
Long
Browne
Otto
Zhong Chen Benhenni Maltz III Chen Brown Taylor Wets HedetniemiPeele McNulty Pinter Karp Gennart German Manders
Moti Trees Carbone Muntersbjorn
Gray Jorsten Yu Araujo Mingoti Clemans Massey Kelker McRae Nelson Paterson Sahni Kirmayer
Peckova Sinha Epstein Shepardson Rosenblum Greenberg Kautz OdellGabay
Roussanov Li Casey Salinetti Dantzig Brylawski Georgatos Rosenthal
Binns
Anderson Melolidakis Ferguson Hall Banos Bednarski Ghebremichael Meeden
Bagh Wang Vembar Kearns Cartwrigh Smith Jamieson
Wegner Roach AbdelbarFaigle Gordon Decatur Weiss Lopez Scrimshaw
Dill
Kahlon
Fleming Samaniego Kraft Staudte Kronmal Croxton Sokol Haught Mummert Brown
Biesterfeld IV Clair Wright Leung Simpson
Nelson Funo Lucas Valiant Low Sibley Shore Machtey Marcone Mysore
NelsonDodd Pepe Gilstein Cardle Carlton Yan Fischer Mishra
McClelland Lustig Wilson Breznay Marcus Sukonick Thomason Zhou
Chatterji Sobel Makani Blyth Snow Qiu Parberry Homer Pappas
Flanigan Dong Wang Mireault Mondschein Hirschfeldt Owings
Kosorok Shen Hong Greenberg Kaplan Monsour Kelly Solomon Dillon Singh
ZhouAlonzo Lee Yu Stigler Steele Rojo Sohoni Simpson
Wang Weiner Grier Roth Friedman Tzimas Hirst Yu
Lischer Davis Sukhatme Raghavachari Konijn Nisnevich Ganesan
Guillier Tucker Legrand Brackin Madan Yen
Shi Park Yu Wieand Donohue Wu
Wang Wei Lin Kuo Birge Wong Black Peinado Humphreys
Draper Gupta Mikulski Emir Johnson Balakrishnan Wylie
Ramachandramurty Iusem Golden Lubarsky Tan
Runnestrand Carmichael Kalish Takriti Bienstock Buhrman Vayl Weitkamp Giusto Dougherty Gutierrez
Chao Bhuchongkul Gomez
Jalaluddin Wang Ferreira
Gueorguieva Browne D Stefansky Mills
Rahman Jong Bentley HoadleyArchambault Peracchi Mittenthal Gopalan Morris
Corvo Hernandez Hatzikiriakou
Perakis Staddon Dasgupta
Luo Chacko Huber Jagadeesan Tulloss Johann
Agresti
Hoyland
Yuan Green Calhoun
Hampel Pleszkoch Jim Schlatter
Rao Lehmann Jin Chiang Wykoff
Yen Guu Cottle
Muratore
Chien Sinclair Schwiebert John Cai Harrington Robinson
Angus Nguyen Soofi Gokhale Feser Passarin Riecke Heilmayr Tanaka
Macarie Xiong Sasso
Scholz Anbar Schoenfeld Jogdeo Wu Ralescu Jayasimha Gasarch John Lippel
JordanLang Hartzel
Rubison Puri Flynn Lee Stanley
Fine Bhattacharyya Ahmed Mehra Lea Rousseeuw Halpern Arens Vourtsanis Epstein Chung
Hovick Cantoni Monti Geunes Kucan Meyer
Chen Grau Perennec Shane Sun Wu Tarui Dumas Liere Nash Ladner
Teti
Gryparis Bj Andrews Stuart Rajaram Carlson
Pulskamp Weinstein
Tourkodimitris Lawton Hoorn Ferland
Denton RossiHeritier
Seoh Russel Ralescu Mancini Zikan
Mak Loui
Seiferas Zhang Kozlov Pearce Hellerstein Hrushovski
Lu Peterzil
Shih Chicks Gross Jaeckel
Bjerve
Nassar Kim Lo Rangaraj Koller
Zhou Kouider Dell
AdichieMike Viollaz
Chen Qu Lubell
Koo Singh Kim Holmes JinLorentziadis Laskowski Scanlon
Mesenbrink UnalSu Gardner Howard Viswanathan
Laska Birnbaum Wang
Miura Yuan Loh Chen Dehon Pang Wang Lim
Kamanou Mathur SakovHammerstromVadiveloo Huang Malekpour
Dong Marcondes Wang Mitchell Carney Pierce
Park Chiang Yao Yhap Shenkin Ge
Gabriel
Yang Weerth Faraway
Lo
Paik Kim Zheng Cho Trosset Poggio Namesnik
Doksum Brodsky James Metzler
Wong Huang Chan Polovina Kim
Dabrowska Morita Azzam Potter
Blyth Iachan
Yu
Taam Kim Aiyar
Zou
Kademan Hengartner Bickel Kwon Quang
Vallarino Jelihovschi
Yandell Song
Satagopan Baek Muron
Dong Nair Ahn Cojocaru Shen Humphrey
Moon WangGat
Gaffney Wang
Feng Bajamonde Jiang Livadas
Tao Adewale
Lo Liao Pessoa Chow Collins
Minami Fang Zhou
Weng Abramson Mo
Jin Borghi Geertsema
Brunner Boza
James Dachs Wiens
Gould Thewarapperuma Heo
Qiu Zhang Li
Huang Taylor Sankoh
Park
Xu
Yu Hsu Hou
Wang Koul
Wu
Tang
Shen Sundaram
Chen
Ingram
ParkShao
Ye Qian
Sriram Zheng
Hong
Wang Lahiri
Tiro Lee
Shete
Wu
Cheng Wenyu
Zhu
Susko
Horrocks
N w
F gure 6 The second argest component from the Mathemat cs Genea ogy
Project Top overa ayout w th node over ap removed Bottom c ose up
v ew of a sma area of the center- eft part of above
References
[1] I. Borg and P. Groenen. Modern Multidimensional Scaling: Theory and
Applications. Springer, 1997.
[2] U. Brandes and C. Pich. An experimental study on distance based graph
drawing. In GD’08: Proceedings of the Symposium on Graph Drawing, 2008
(to appear).
[3] J.-H. Chuang, C.-C. Lin, and H.-C. Yen. Drawing graphs with nonuniform
nodes using potential fields. In Proc. 11th Intl. Symp. on Graph Drawing,
volume 2012 of LNCS, pages 460–465. Springer-Verlag, 2003.
[4] G. Di Battista, A. Garg, G. Liotta, R. Tamassia, E. Tassinari, and
F. Vargiu. An experimental comparison of four graph drawing algorithms.
CGTA: Computational Geometry: Theory and Applications, 7:303–325,
1997.
[5] T. Dwyer, Y. Koren, and K. Marriott. Ipsep-cola: An incremental pro-
cedure for separation constraint layout of graphs. IEEE Transactions on
Visualization and Computer Graphics, 12(5):821–828, 2006.
[6] T. Dwyer, K. Marriott, and P. J. Stuckey. Fast node overlap removal. In
Proc. 13th Intl. Symp. Graph Drawing (GD ’05), volume 3843 of LNCS,
pages 153–164. Springer, 2006.
[7] P. Eades. A heuristic for graph drawing. Congressus Numerantium, 42:149–
160, 1984.
[8] H. Edelsbrunner and E. P. Mücke. Three-dimensional alpha shapes. ACM
Trans. on Graphics, 13(1):43–72, 1994.
[9] C. Erten, A. Efrat, D. Forrester, A. Iyer, and S. G. Kobourov. Force-
directed approaches to sensor network localization. In R. Raman,
R. Sedgewick, and M. F. Stallmann, editors, Proc. 8th Workshop Algorithm
Engineering and Experiments (ALENEX), pages 108–118. SIAM, 2006.
[10] S. Fortune. A sweepline algorithm for Voronoi diagrams. Algorithmica,
2:153–174, 1987.
[11] C. Friedrich and F. Schreiber. Flexible layering in hierarchical drawings
with nodes of arbitrary size. In Proceedings of the 27th conference on Aus-
tralasian computer science (ACSC2004), pages 369–376. Australian Com-
puter Society, 2004.
[12] T. M. J. Fruchterman and E. M. Reingold. Graph drawing by force directed
placement. Software - Practice and Experience, 21:1129–1164, 1991.
[13] E. R. Gansner, Y. Koren, and S. C. North. Graph drawing by stress ma-
jorization. In Proc. 12th Intl. Symp. Graph Drawing (GD ’04), volume 3383
of LNCS, pages 239–250. Springer, 2004.
JGAA, 14(1) 53–74 (2010) 73
[14] E. R. Gansner and S. North. An open graph visualization system and its
applications to software engineering. Software - Practice & Experience,
30:1203–1233, 2000.
[15] E. R. Gansner and S. C. North. Improved force-directed layouts. In Proc.

6th Intl. Symp. Graph Drawing (GD ’98), volume 1547 of LNCS, pages
364–373. Springer, 1998.
[16] J. C. Gower and G. B. Dijksterhuis. Procrustes Problems. Oxford University

Press, 2004.
[17] L. Guibas and J. Stolfi. Primitives for the manipulation of general subdi-
visions and the computation of voronoi. ACM Trans. Graph., 4(2):74–123,
1985.
[18] S. Hachul and M. Jünger. Drawing large graphs with a potential field based
multilevel algorithm. In Proc. 12th Intl. Symp. Graph Drawing (GD ’04),
volume 3383 of LNCS, pages 285–295. Springer, 2004.
[19] D. Harel and Y. Koren. A fast multi-scale method for drawing large graphs.
J. Graph Algorithms and Applications, 6:179–202, 2002.
[20] K. Hayashi, M. Inoue, T. Masuzawa, and H. Fujiwara. A layout adjustment

problem for disjoint rectangles preserving orthogonal order. In Proc. 6th
Intl. Symp. Graph Drawing (GD ’98), volume 1547 of LNCS, pages 183–
197. Springer, 1998.
[21] Y. F. Hu. Drawings of the mathematics genealogy project graphs.

http://www.research.att.com/˜yifanhu/GALLERY/MATH GENEALOGY.
[22] Y. F. Hu. Efficient and high quality force-directed graph drawing. Mathe-
matica Journal, 10:37–71, 2005.
[23] Y. F. Hu and Y. Koren. Extending the spring-electrical model to overcome

warping effects. In Proceedings of IEEE Pacific Visualization Symposium
2009 (PacificVis ’09), pages 129–136, 2009.
[24] X. Huang and W. Lai. Force-transfer: A new approach to removing over-

lapping nodes in graph layout. In Proc. 25th Australian Computer Science
Conference, pages 349–358, 2003.
[25] J. W. Jaromczyk and G. T. Toussaint. Relative neighborhood graphs and

their relatives. Proc. IEEE, 80:1502–1517, 1992.
[26] T. Kamada and S. Kawai. An algorithm for drawing general undirected

graphs. Information Processing Letters, 31:7–15, 1989.
[27] G. Leach. Improving worst-case optimal Delaunay triangulation algorithms.

In 4th Canadian Conference on Computational Geometry, pages 340–346,
1992.
[28] W. Li, P. Eades, and N. Nikolov. Using spring algorithms to remove node
overlapping. In Proc. Asia-Pacific Symp. on Information Visualisation,
pages 131–140, 2005.
[29] K. A. Lyons, H. Meijer, and D. Rappaport. Algorithms for cluster busting
in anchored graph drawing. J. Graph Algorithms and Applications, 2(1),
1998.
[30] K. Marriott, P. J. Stuckey, V. Tam, and W. He. Removing node overlapping
in graph layout using constrained optimization. Constraints, 8(2):143–171,
2003.
[31] K. Misue, P. Eades, W. Lai, and K. Sugiyama. Layout adjustment and the
mental map. J. Vis. Lang. Comput., 6(2):183–210, 1995.
[32] North Dakota State University Dept. of Math. The mathematics genealogy
project.
http://genealogy.math.ndsu.nodak.edu/.
[33] J. R. Shewchuk. Engineering a 2D quality mesh generator and Delaunay
triangulator. In Applied Computational Geometry: Towards Geometric
Engineering, volume 1148 of LNCS, pages 203–222. Springer, 1996.
[34] J. R. Shewchuk. Delaunay refinement algorithms for triangular mesh gener-
ation. Computational Geometry: Theory and Applications, 22:21–74, 2002.
[35] K. Sugiyama, S. Tagawa, and M. Toda. Methods for visual understanding
of hierarchical systems. IEEE Trans. Systems, Man and Cybernetics, SMC-
11(2):109–125, 1981.
[36] C. Walshaw. A multilevel algorithm for force-directed graph drawing. J.
Graph Algorithms and Applications, 7:253–285, 2003.
[37] X. Wang and I. Miyamoto. Generating customized layouts. In GD ’95:
Proceedings of the Symposium on Graph Drawing, volume 1027 of LNCS,
pages 504–515. Springer, 1995.

Efficient, Proximity-Preserving Node Overlap Removal: Journal of Graph Algorithms and Applications

Загружено:

Сведения о документе

Исходное описание:

Оригинальное название

Авторское право

Доступные форматы

Поделиться этим документом

Поделиться или встроить документ

Параметры публикации

Этот документ был вам полезен?

Это неприемлемый материал?

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

Efficient, Proximity-Preserving Node Overlap Removal: Journal of Graph Algorithms and Applications

Загружено:

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

Journal of Graph Algorithms and Applications

http://jgaa.info/ vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 53–74 (2010)

Efficient, Proximity-Preserving Node Overlap

Submitted: Reviewed: Revised: Accepted:

E-mail addresses: erg@research.att.com (Emden R. Gansner) yifanhu@research.att.com (Yifan

3 Measuring Layout Similarity

As far as we are aware, there is no definitive way to measure similarity of

is the mean ratio.

In the above we do not consider shearing, since we believe a layout derived

4 A Proximity Stress Model for Node Overlap

sij = min(tij , smax ) (7)

10 4 with an extremely looong label 10 4 with an extremely looong label

Algorithm 1 Proximity stress model based overlap removal algorithm (PRISM)

using the stress majorization technique [13] which is known to be a robust

memory, running Linux.

Graph |V | |E| PRISM VPSC VORO ODNLS

reduction in time, while producing almost identical results concerning displace-

orthogonal ordering. We did not have an opportunity to check these versions.

tremely large drawings. Indeed, in terms of area, scaling outperformed ODNLS

Table 2: Comparing the dissimilarities and area of overlap removal algorithms.

Graph PRISM VPSC

ngk10 4 ngk10 4+PRISM ngk10 4+VPSC 3ef07ae75d29a707

298E 460E 8e24e9b4e

396b16a892fe 4280833ef80172 0f6784e49852c0be0da23b16

666f11bb45c3a8dcf26e1ed79 8fa622d9f842c5572a545ed72982 d550a7f392c787661aadd48 b07bbdc8cca5985d4c4 171192dc1f8e6ea551548a910c00

d378760b814eaecb6efe636e0efc4 412E b69e426d974e1907e88

284f14a259991806654e74 e3aefac763 50023f6f88 81e20155999fa64e0ae6fd

69fdd1a1f4768c5efe7 358E bb5e89c8963

438E 552E ddfeabe456a9de5f5784

504E 448E 768E 14a3c17f3d

460aed10cc9 406E 71512ec7d43f958f2b6da e851f5ddd920

460aed10cc9 400E aac615ae78 b23526044 7528dd86b

731857fe189fb398e80a0594 3089106e3b 460aed10cc9 408E b69e426d974e1907e88

7e493ee44b28 d6125ef42bd9958 a3ff993

71a48d11b2e7e56b1df128bd 418E 72cbb37db85ed3c6eda5dcf8

aff6d7896e0e142bbc3e78 476E 84907547f36d0ff7

3089106e3b 51ec95518d1b3 3f0a2b4eb62f

6bce02baf91781a831e1b95 3e814305b42beb41b8c706 be8f4199f 1ed5d7f63b8c6 d2498 404E a5a 3db761b596844f133c de34214b4c258c9333ec3

c5255d d13da6273c9b4da 062fc905b9eb35

664E dd84fe6a65cfac7bca03ebd f2e7cc e920b915087 a97ef281eafc34b1630d450a1df 5fdf

318E f36cce089 a141a557a60912051f3c135 c5acd20cad2

4f2e020854dfacce46a12 16c3ae29c0bc713 cfdf1932665dcb4cd3c

4856000a6802ddfc121ef40432297 212af4 a849f9d352e

5c6a2 f2a57e4d4f0cec516891e3 8a9eb2806b0aa 454E

297E 4cc20a0b7651e486 e920b915087 38f162cf917ce7298663a1f1c607

00265 cf 7ab64a969 837ebf4bde22e1f1535cb662

5f2592b20f13356b7fc8b42 375E 682E 8cd4d 69 28533c 380E 247e407f45b353f8

aeb8 f490de272a7f6e4af346d40 e079d2c

be8f4199f 04767 3089106e3b 04904a458422a5b9 bb828f1a326 71e6b

391256c872 761e0f72f95 66c0220688a999aaf7f1702d1

aa868f65c34cdb64f1fad19a bb828f1a326 67513d 459E 0f6784e49852c0be0da23b16

be8f4199f 5c609b12c 248df40dae 418E 5f865c374cb3fe976dd376b8 460E

08769f73d31c1a99be2d9363f a7a7f3681dad1250b01cf80bc17 a7167d5eb5408b3839903 3eca1f94dc181

428E 162E 14a3c17f3d c935c7f4d1090ac

1aaaab063 8c8b5bde6 8c8b5bde6

c29ce10bb8d19b498355aa04 6e186b 200E 4c6c8c f496bcf0889b301d77819c 18083a711d 5c81103c751345d0ee0f4bd

1c08373 cd856f 23ad1 825c7994d5da13afe519861818

427E 47cd70f 792fd6f9df1fa1e33 c54f0fc1e05 699e3db878047 6f578c5128 41a8b095c7fd3 33ff9e43d5ab

4c6c8c 4d22e1 d4f958b03a98

1e1fbbe14ac24e0518 330342f283ef2 c8fc17180bea86

9ab6c66dc 78cc16f965adc5f712ea2372c6 f8ff39eab120851f143bf19

5be631dff7b97697be7dc0a2f07f2 c0b727 4dbf4395236fb03ed 4e3cfd27a