UNIVERSIDAD YACHAY TECH

SCHOOL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING

BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING

SIGNAL THEORY AND MEDICAL BIOCOMPUTATION

April 2020

27
LAB VIII – CONVOLUTION USING MATLAB

Convolution

Integral and sum of convolution

Convolution of Biomedical Signals

in 1D

2D Convolution and Kernel matrix

References

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CONVOLUTION

• Convolution helps us determine the effect the system has on the input signal.

• Convolution is one of the most important and effective processes in the analysis of LTI
systems, since it allows establishing a relationship between input and output in the time
domain and the frequency domain.

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INTEGRAL AND SUM OF CONVOLUTION

Convolution Integral
• Convolution integral provides an easy mathematical way to express the output of an LTI
system based on an arbitrary signal, x(t), and the system's impulse response, h(t). The
convolution integral is expressed as:
∞
𝒚 𝒕 = න 𝐱(𝛕)𝐡(𝐭 − 𝛕)𝐝𝛕 = 𝐱(𝐭) ∗ 𝐡(𝐭)
−∞

Convolution Sum
Discrete time convolution is an operation on two discrete time signals defined by the sum.
The convolution sum is expressed as:
∞

(𝒙 ∗ 𝒉) [𝒏] = ෍ = 𝒙[𝒌]𝒉[𝒏 − 𝒌]
𝒌=−∞

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Convolution:

• Convolution is the integral or summation two functions to measures the amount of

overlap as one function is shifted over the other. Convolution of two function, one is
flipped with respect to independent variable, changing the variable t to τ.

• One common application for convolution is to filter digital signals. Although calculate it
can be a hard time, MATLAB has an easy tool to apply convolution trough the following
syntax.

yout = conv(xin,h)

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CONVOLUTION OF BIOMEDICAL SIGNALS IN 1D

RC Filter
• A Low Pass Filter is a circuit that can be designed to modify, reshape or reject all
unwanted high frequencies of an electrical signal and accept or pass only those signals
wanted by the circuits designer.

𝟏
𝝎𝒄 =
𝑹𝑪
1
𝜔𝑐 = 𝒉 𝒕 = 𝒆−𝝎𝒄 ∙𝒕
10Ω ∙ 0.02𝐹
𝑟𝑎𝑑
𝜔𝑐 = 5 06
𝑠
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FIR (Finite Impulse Response Systems):

• They have no problems regarding stability and causality, since their output depends only
on previous and current entries.
• Non-causal FIRs may exist.
• An example:

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2D CONVOLUTION AND KERNEL MATRIX

• Convolution and Kernel matrix are used to apply filters to signals in image processing
and image filtering techniques, in order to extracting edges and reducing unwanted
noise, among other functions to improve the quality of the images.

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Identify the edges of the image:

Steps to identify the edges of the image:

• Convert color (RGB) images to grayscale images.
• Build the Kernel or Sobel filters, vertical and horizontal.
• Apply the convolution of the vertical and horizontal filters with the images to perform
edge detection.
• Calculate the magnitude of the gradient with the vertical and horizontal edges.

• Filter Prewitt

• Filter Scharr

• Sobel Filter

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MATERIALS AND METHODS

1. Convolution of two signals:

1. Continuous signals
2. Discretes signals

2. Biomedical signals convolution

1. ECG + RC Filter
2. ECG + FIR Filter
3. Identify the edges of the image with Sobel Filter

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REFERENCES

1. Oppenheim, A. V., Willsky, A. S., & Nawab, S. H. (1998). Señales y sistemas. Pearson
Educación.
2. Cuevas, E., Zaldívar, D., & Pérez, M. (2016). Procesamiento digital de imágenes con
MATLAB & Simulink. Ra-Ma.
3. Gilat, A. (2006). Matlab: Una introducción con ejemplos prácticos. Reverté.
4. Villanueva, M. V., Soria, M. B., & Cantarero, T. Á. (2012). Tutorial de Introducción a
MATLAB.
5. Moody, G. B., & Mark, R. G. (2001). The impact of the MIT-BIH arrhythmia database.
IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine, 20(3), 45-50.
6. Bugenhagen, S. M., Cowley Jr, A. W., & Beard, D. A. (2010). Identifying physiological
origins of baroreflex dysfunction in salt-sensitive hypertension in the Dahl SS rat.
Physiological genomics, 42(1), 23-41.
7. PhysioNet: The Research Resource for Complex Physiologic Signals. In:
https://www.physionet.org/

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 Muchas
gracias

Diego Alfonso Almeida Galárraga

dalmeida@yachaytech.edu.ec