What is thermodynamics?

It is a study of effects of work, heat and energy on a system, here thermo

mean energy and dynamics mean transfer, we can say that’s
thermodynamics a study of transfer of energy to any system and their
effect on them that’s called thermodynamics.

Laws of thermodynamics
1st law of thermodynamics
It is also known as law of conservation of energy, it state that energy can
neither be created nor be destroyed it can only transfer from one form to
another.

ΔE =Q+W

2nd law of thermodynamics

The entropy of a isolated system always increases.

3rd law of thermodynamics

Its states that as a temperature of a system approaches absolute zero its
entropy becomes constant or changes of entropy is zero.

ΔS=0

Entropy
The total disorder of a system is called entropy basically it’s a
measurement of disorder of a system, it’s a extensive thermodynamics
property.

Enthalpy
It is a sum of internal energy and the product of pressure and volume

H= U+pv
Zeroth law
If two bodies are in thermal equilibrium with a third body, the two bodies are in
thermal equilibrium with each other.
Intensive Properties
Intensive properties are bulk properties, which means they do not depend
on the amount of matter that is present. Examples of intensive properties
include:

Boiling Point ,Density ,State of Matter, Color. Melting Point, Temperature

Intensive properties can be used to help identify a sample because these

characteristics do not depend on the amount of sample, nor do they change
according to conditions.

Extensive Properties
Extensive properties do depend on the amount of matter that is present. An
extensive property is considered additive for subsystems. Examples of
extensive properties include:

Volume Mass, Size, Weight, Length

The ratio between two extensive properties is an intensive property. For

example, mass and volume are extensive properties, but their ratio
(density) is an intensive property of matter.

While extensive properties are great for describing a sample, they aren't
very helpful in identifying it because they can change according to sample
size or conditions.

Brayton cycle
The Brayton cycle describe the working of constant pressure heat engine.

Example: GT & Jet

A thermodynamic cycle composed of two adiabatic and two isobaric

changes in alternate order.
Rankine cycle
The Rankine cycle is an ideal thermodynamic cycle of a heat engine that converts
heat into mechanical work while undergoing phase change.

Pump
It is a device which can be use to increase the pressure of fluid.
Compressor
A device which is use to increase the pressure of gas.

Gas turbine
A gas turbine is a combustion engine that can convert natural gas or
other liquid fuels to mechanical energy. This energy then drives a
generator that produces electrical energy. It is electrical energy that
moves along power lines to homes and businesses.

Steam turbine
A steam turbine is a device that extracts thermal energy from
pressurized steam and uses it to do mechanical work on a rotating output
shaft.

What is heat?
The form of energy that is transferred between two substances at different
temperature. Heat is not a temperature .it is measure in joules or calories.
Types of Latent Heat Transfer
Latent heat and sensible heat are two types of heat transfer between an
object and its environment.

Tables are compiled for latent heat of fusion and latent heat of vaporization. Sensible
heat, in turn, depends on the composition of a body.

 Latent Heat of Fusion: Latent heat of fusion is the heat absorbed or released when
matter melts, changing phase from solid to liquid form at constant temperature.
 Latent Heat of Vaporization: Latent heat of vaporization is the heat absorbed or
released when matter vaporizes, changing phase from liquid to gas phase at
constant temperature.

Types of heat transfer

Heat can be transferred from one body to another or between a body and
the environment by three different means: conduction, convection and
radiation. Conduction is the transfer of energy through a solid material.
Conduction between bodies occurs when they are in direct contact, and
molecules transfer their energy across the interface. 
Methods of Heat Transfer

There are 3 types of heat transfer:

A: Conduction b: Convection c: Radiation

Conduction
Conduction is the process of heat being transferred between objects
through direct contact, and it's the most common type of heat transfer.
For example, in cooking the burners on stoves will conduct heat energy to
the bottom of a pan sitting on top of it. From there, the pan conducts heat
to its contents.

Convection
Convection describes heat transfer between a surface and a liquid or gas
in motion. As the fluid or gas travels faster, the convective heat transfer
increases. Two types of convection are natural convection and forced
convection. In natural convection, fluid motion results from the hot
atoms in the fluid, where the hot atoms move upwards toward the cooler
atoms in the air--the fluid moves under the influence of gravity.
Examples of this include the rising clouds of cigarette smoke, or heat
from the hood of a car that rises upwards. In forced convection, the fluid
is forced to travel over the surface by a fan or pump or some other
external source.
Radiation
Radiation is a method of heat transfer that does not rely upon any contact
between the heat source and the heated object. For example, we feel heat
from the sun even though we are not touching it. Heat can be transmitted
though empty space by thermal radiation.
Types of cycles
i) Otto cycle ii) diesel cycle iii) Brayton cycle iv) Rankin cycle