A PROJECT REPORT ON

TOPIC

Working of Refrigerator

-: SUBMITTED ON:-

10TH DECEMBER 2018

-: SUBMITTED BY:-

KEYUR MAHYAVANSHI
ROLL.NO: 11
11TH SCIENCE
2018-19
MATRIX ACADEMY SCHOOL
KHARODI NAKA,
BOLINJ,
VIRAR (W) – 401 303

11TH SCIENCE
PHYSICS PROJECT

GUIDED BY:
MS. PRATIKSHA SINGH
 MATRIX ACADEMY SCHOOL
KHARODI NAKA,

BOLINJ,

VIRAR (W) – 401 303

: CERTIFICATE:

THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT KEYUR MAHYAVANSHI STUDENT

OF 11TH SCIENCE WITH SPECIFICATIONS OF TOPIC WORKING
OF REFRIGIRATOR HAVE THE MAJOR PROJECT ENTITLED.
WORKING OF REFRIGIRATOR
THEY HAVE SUBMITTED THEIR PROJECT REPORT FOR THE
PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE CURRICULUM (2018-19) AS
PRESCRIBED BY CBSE BOARD, MATRIX ACADEMY SCHOOL,
VIRAR.

HEAD MISTRESS PRINCIPAL PHYSICS TEACHER

EXAMINER
 -: ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:-

I would like be place on record my deep sense of gratitude to

Miss Pratiksha Singh, Matrix Academy School, Virar for her
stimulating guidance, continuous encouragement and
supervision throughout the project work. I also wish to extend
my thanks to our Head Mistress Mrs.Jayanthi Ravichandran for
her constant support, motivation and kind words.
I would also like to thanks our Principal Ma’am Mrs. Seema
Behal for providing us with a good equipped laboratory and
surrounding to complete our project. A very healthy thanks to
our Lab Assistant Mrs. Sakshi Patil for helping us in assembling
the requirement for the project.
I would also like to thanks my other colleagues (Ashutosh,
Samruddhi & Jeevanshu) for their insightful comments and
constructive suggestion to improve the quality of this project
work.

Mr. Keyur Mahyavanshi

XI Science

SR.NO TOPIC PG.NO

1 ABSTRACT 1
2 INTRODUCTION 2
 INTRODUCTION OF THE TOPIC.

3 THEORY 3-9
 EXPLAINATION OF THE TOPIC.

4 REFERENCES 10
 THE REFERENCES OF THE
WRITEUP AND PHOTOS.
 -: ABTRACT:-

It was a challenging topic for us but we ended up with a good

result. We are finally able to complete this project. The working
of refrigerator taught us many things about team work and we
even learned the processes in the functioning of a refrigerator. It
was easy to think how are we going to start this project and as
we moved forward in the end of this project it was hard for each
and every student.
At last we concluded that it is completely depended on the
Adiabatic and Cyclic processes and the principles of cooling of
gas. Refrigeration is an essential food storage technique in
developed countries . Optimum temperature range is 3 to 5
degree Celcius .

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 -: Introduction:-
Refrigerator is a machine which produces cold. It is used to
remove heat from the refrigerated space and reject it to
atmosphere. Hence it maintains the temperature below the
surrounding atmosphere. It is based on the second law of
thermodynamics that the heat can made to flow from cold body
to a hot body with the help of external source.
Refrigerant is the working fluid used in the refrigerator. E.g.
Ammonia, Methyl chloride, etc.

2
 -:THEORY:-
A.Parts of a refrigerator and their functions:
1. Evaporator: It is used to receive the liquid refrigerants from
the condenser through throttle valve and to evaporate it. It
is also called as cooling unit or freezing unit.

2. Compressor: It is used to draw the refrigerant from the

evaporator through suction valve at low pressure and to
force it to the condenser through exhaust valve at high
pressure and temperature.

3. Condenser: It is used to condense the refrigerants at

saturation temperature from vapor to liquid by transferring
its latent heat to the water.

4. Absorber: It is a unit contains water. It is used to receive

the refrigerant from the evaporator and to absorb it with
water to become a strong solution of ammonia with an
increase in temperature.

5. Pump: it is used to pump the strong ammonia solution from

the absorber to the separator.

6. Separator: It is used to separate the ammonia vapor from

the strong solution using heat energy and then send it to the
condenser.
3
4
Adiabatic process:-

In an adiabatic process, the system is insulated from the

surroundings and heat is absorbed or released is zero.

As expected< if the work is done by the gas in an adiabatic

process (w>0), T2 < T1. On the other hand, if work is done on
the gas (w<0), we get T2 > T1 i.e., the temperature of the gas
rises.
5
Cyclic process:-

In a cyclic process, the system returns to its initial state. Since

internal energy is a state variable, delta U =0 for a cyclic
process. The total heat absorbed equals the work done by the
system.

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Working of Refrigerator:-

A refrigerator is the reverse of a heat engine.

A heat pump is the same a as refrigerator. If the purpose of a

portion of space, like the inside of a chamber, and higher
temperature reservoir is surrounding, we call the device a
refrigerator; if the idea is to pump heat into a portion of space
the device is called a heat pump.

In a refrigerator the working substance goes through the

following steps:

A. Sudden expansion of the gas from high to low pressure

which cools it and converts it into a vapour-liquid mixture.

B.Absorption by the cold fluid of heat from the region to be

cooled converting into vapours.

C.Heating up of the vapour due to external work done on the

system.

D.Release of heat by the vapour to the surroundings, bringing

it to the initial state and completing the cycle.

7
The figure of a Refrigerator:

8
 The interior structure of the model:-

The led stripes represent the flow of the substance.

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 -:INFERENCES:-

Its works on the second law of thermodynamics.

 Second law of thermodynamics:
1. Kevlin-Plank statement:
No process is possible whose sole result is the
absorption of the heat from a reservoir and the
complete conversation of the heat in work.
2. Clausius statement:
No process is possible whose sole result is the
transfers of heat form a colder object to a hotter
object.
The working of refrigerator is totally reverse of working of heat
engine.

10
 -: REFERENCES:-

The data written in this report is been collected from:

 Textbook
 Internet.
The photos used in this report are been chosen from:
 Google images
 Some picture of our model.

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