I.

Percentage, Base and Rate

A. Percentage
1.
 Problem:
The student answered correctly 76 questions on the mathematics test, which was
95% of the total number of questions. How many questions are in the test?
 Given:
76 questions
95% of the total number of questions
 Solution:
P= B/R x 100
P= 76/.95x100
P=80
 There are 80 questions in the test
2.
 Problem:
A generous guy gave 35% of his money that is around 80$ to a homeless man.
How much did he gave?
 Given:
35% - rate
80 – base
x - percentage
 Solution:
x= BR
x= (80)(.35)
x= 28$
 He gave 28$ to the homeless man
3.
 Problem:
A kid has 204$ in his pocket and he wants to buy a toy that is costing around
50% of what he has. How much does the toy cost?
 Given:
50% - rate
204 – base
x – percentage
 Solution:
x= BR
x= (204)(.50)
x= 102$
  102$ is the cost of the toy

B. Base
1.
 Problem:
The Free Throw that Shaq made is 8 out of what number if he is averaging
32% in the free throw line?
 Given:
32% - rate
8-percentage
x -base
 Solution:
x=P/R
x=8/32%
x= 25
 25 shot attempts
 Problem:
What is the total number of apples that a kid have if the number of what he
gave is 5 and the rate is 50%
 Given:
50% - rate
5 – percentage
x – base
 Solution
x = P/R
x = 5/50%
x = 10
 10 apples
 Problem:
A boy doesn’t know if how many marbles he have before giving ten percent
of it to his friends. If he gave 12. How many marbles does he have before?
 Given
10% - rate
12 – percentage
x – base
 Solution
x = P/R
x = 12/10%
x = 120
 120 marbles
C. Rate
1.
 Problem
A basketball players filed goal percentage is 88 of 110 in his last 5 games
What is the rate of his shooting field goal?
 Given
88 – percentage
110 – base
x - rate
 Solution
x= P/B
x=88/110
x=80%
 80% is the rate of the basketball player’s shooting filed goal
2.
 Problem:
A man has 60 candies and wants to share and give 25 of it.
What part of 60 is 25?
 Given
25- percentage
60- base
x -rate
 Solution
x= P/B
x= 25/60
x= 5/12
 5/12 of candies
2.
 Problem
A street food vendor has a debt of 243$ and his profit from selling street food
is 500$. How many percent will be deducted from his profit?
 Given:
243 – percentage
500 – base
x – rate
 Solution
x= P/B
x= 243/500
x= 48.6%
  48.6% of his profit will be deducted

II. Proportion(Direct ,Indirect, Partitive)

A. Inverse
1.
 Problem:
Suppose that x and y are inversely proportional. If x = 24 and y = 18, what
then is x when y = 90?
 Given:
X=24 Y=18 X=? Y=90
 Solution:
24:18 = x:90

(24)(18) = 18x
432= 90x
90 90
4.8 = x
2.
 Problem:
It will take 30 hours for 8 graders to grade all the USAMTS papers. If the
graders all grade at the same rate, then how many graders do we need to get
the grading done in 12 hours?
 Given:
30 hours for 8 graders to grade
12 hours for x graders to grade
 Solution:
30:8 = 12: x
(30)(8) = 12x
240= 12x
12 12
20 = x
 Therefore, 20 graders are needed to finish the work in 12 hours.
3.
 Problem:
It takes 15 hours to repair a road for 6 men. How many workers are needed to
finish the work in 18 hours?
 Given:
15 hours for 6 men to repair the road
18 hours for x men to repair the road
  Solution:
15:6 = 18: x
(15)(6) = 18x
90 = 18x
18 18
5=x
 5 workers are needed to finish the job in 18 hours

B. Direct
1.
 Problem
If 6 men can paint a wall in 64 hours, find the number of men required to paint
the wall in 48 hours?
 Given
6 men for 64 hours
x men for 48 hours
 Solution:

6: n = 48:64
(64)(6)=48n

n=8 men are required to paint the wall in 48 hours

2.
 Problem
Lucky earns 5000$ in 20 days. How much will she earn in 30 days?
 Given
5000$ in 20 days
How much in 30 days
 Solution

5000:20=n:30
5000(30)=20n
150,000 =20n
20 20
n = 7500$ in 30 days
3.
 Problem
 If 60 persons can consume a certain amount of food in 4 months, in how
many months can 20 persons consume the same amount of food?
 Given
60 person can consume food in 4 months
20 person can consume the same amount in n months
 Solution

60:20=n:4
60(4)=20n
240 = 20n
20 20
n=8
 20 person can consume the same amount of food in 8 months
C. Partitive
1.
 Problem
Father will give  1070.00 to his 3 children in the ratio 5:3:2. How much
will each child get?
 Given
Ratio 5:3:2
Amount Father will give 1070
 Solution:5n+3n+2n= 10
1070 = 107
10

5(107)=535
3(107)=321
2(107)=214

final answer: 535:321:214

Child 1 = 535
Child 2 = 321
Child 3 = 214
2.
 Problem
Mark, Luke, John, are business partners, divide 4340$ so that their share
is 1/2:1/3:1/5, respectively. How much is the share of each?
 Given
Ratio- 1/2:1/3:1/5
Amount is 4340$
  Solution
1/2+1/3+1/5= 31/30

4340 = 4200
31/30

4200(1/2) = 2100$
4200(1/3) = 1400$
4200(1/5) = 840$
Mark = 2100$
Luke = 1400$
John= 840$
3.
 Problem
A DOTA tournament has a prize pool of 45000$, if the prize will be divided
for the top three teams and the ratio is 5:3:1. How much will each team
receive?
 Given
Ratio- 5:3:1
45000$- amount to be divided
 Solution

5+3+1 = 9
45000 = 5000
9
5000(5)=25000$
5000(3)=15000$
5000(1)=5000$

25000:15000:5000
( 1st , 2nd , 3rd )

III. Buying And Selling

A. Selling Price
1.
 Problem
Mr. Franco Manaligod is a mechanic and has his own talyer. He wishes to
have new tools to use. He pays PHP 1350 for a screw driver. If the markup is
21% on the cost, find the selling price.
 Given
SP = ?
 Markup = 21%
Cost = PHP 1350
 Solution
SP=C+(CxMR)
SP=1350+(1350x.21)
SP=1350+283.5
SP= PHP 1633.50

2.
 Problem
Mr. and Mrs. Lucky wants to buy a new truck for their company. They paid
PHP 1, 230, 000. If the mark up rate is 13%. What is the selling price?
 Given
SP=?
MR= 13%
Cost = PHP 1, 230, 000
 Solution
SP = C+(CxMR)
SP = 1, 230, 000 + (1, 230, 000x.13)
SP = 1, 230, 000 + 159, 900
SP = PHP 1, 389, 900

B. Cost
1.
 Problem
The latest Bugatti supercar has a selling price of PHP 53, 800, 000. 50. The
mark up on it is 18% of its cost. Find the cost
 Given
SP= PHP 53, 800, 000. 50
Markup= 18%
Cost=?
 Solution
C = SP
1+MR
C = 53, 800, 000. 50
1 + .18
C = 53, 800, 000. 50
1 .18
C = PHP 45, 593, 220. 34
2.
 Problem
A brand new Air Jordan I is selling for PHP 23, 000. The mark up is 9% of its
cost. How much is the cost?
 Given
SP = PHP 23, 000
MR = 9%
C=?
 Solution
C= SP
1+MR
C= 23, 000
1+.09
C= 23, 000
1.09
C= PHP 21, 100. 92

C. Mark-Up
1.
 Problem
A merchandising store acquired a motorcycle at a cost of PHP 115, 500. The
shop decides for a mark-up rate of 37% for the motorcycle. Find its markup
 Given
C= PHP 115, 500
MR= 37%
M=?
 Solution
Mark-up = cost x mark-up rate
Mark-up =115 500x.37
Mark-up = PHP 42, 735
2.
 Problem
Ford Company has a new Ford Mustang GT costing PHP 3, 500, 000. Its
mark-up rate is 23%. Find the mark-up
 Given
C= PHP 3, 500, 000
MR= 23%
M=?
  Solution
M= CxMR
M= 3, 500, 000x.23
M= PHP 805, 000

D. Mark-up rate based on Selling Price

1.

 Problem
A basketball shoes has a selling price of PHP 8, 500 and has a 17% markup on
cost. Find the markup rate based on selling price.
 Given
SP= PHP 8, 500
MR=17%
 Solution
1st Find the cost 2nd Find the Mark-up
C= SP Msp= SP
1+MR C
C= 8500 Msp =8, 500 – 7264.96
1+.17 Msp =PHP 1, 235. 04
C= PHP 7264.96

MRsp= Msp
SP
MRsp= 1,235.04
8, 500
MRsp= 14.53%

2.
 Problem
A M. Jordan Jersey has a selling price of PHP 2, 500 and has a 11% markup
on cost. Find the markup rate based on selling price.
 Given
SP= PHP 2, 500
MR=11%
 Solution
1st Find the cost 2nd Find the Mark-up
C= SP Msp= SP
1+MR C
C= 2, 500 Msp =2, 500 – 2, 252. 25
1+.11 Msp =PHP 247. 75
 C= PHP 2, 252. 25

MRsp= Msp
SP
MRsp= 2, 252. 25
2, 500
MRsp= 90%

E. Mark-Up based on cost

1.
 Problem
Mr. Tonyo Bugayong de Makahayop is a merchant. He bought a pair of
clothes for PHP 2, 675. 00 and sells it for PHP 3, 105. 00. Find the markup
rate based on cost
 Given\
SP= PHP 3, 105
C = PHP 2, 675
Mc= ?
 Solution
Mc=SP-C
Mc= 3, 105-2, 675
Mc =430

MRc= Mc
C
MRc= 430
2, 675
MRc= 16.07 %
2.
 Problem
Mr. Christopher Kaone has a buy and sell business. He bought a car for PHP
2, 360, 00. 00 and sells it for PHP 2, 980, 000. 00. Find the markup rate based
on cost
 Given\
SP= PHP 2, 980, 000
C = PHP 2, 360, 000
Mc= ?
 Solution
Mc=SP-C
Mc= 2, 980, 000-2, 360, 000
Mc = PHP 620, 000
MRc= Mc
C
MRc= 620, 000
2, 360, 000
MRc= 26.27 %