Pipeline Data

Pipeline Direction θ 90 deg

Outer Steel Diameter Ds 0,3415 m
Steel Thickness Tsteel 0,025 m
Concrate Thickness Tconcrate 0 m
Water Density ρ water 1025 kg/m3
Steel Density ρ steel 7850 kg/m3
Concrate Density ρ cancrate 2250 kg/m3
Content Density ρ content 820 kg/m3
Gravitation g 9,81 m/s2

Coating Data
Coating Thickness 1 Tcoat 1 0,0003 m
Coating Thickness 2 Tcoat 2 0,0003 m
Coating Thickness 3 Tcoat 3 0,0024 m
Coating Thickness 4 Tcoat 4 0 m
Coating Thickness 5 Tcoat 5 0 m
Coating Dencity 1 ρ coat 1 1300 kg/m3
Coating Dencity 2 ρ coat 2 900 kg/m4
Coating Dencity 3 ρ coat 3 900 kg/m5
Coating Dencity 4 ρ coat 4 0 kg/m6
Coating Dencity 5 ρ coat 5 0 kg/m7

Soil Interaction
Soil clay
Bottom Roughness zo 5,00E-06 silt and clay
Seabed Grain Size d50 0,0625 mm
Reduction Factor, Permeable Seabed τ perm,z 1
Friction Coefficient µ 0,2
Dry Unit Soil Weight Ys 18000 N/m3
Underained Shear Strength Su 10000 N/m3

Environmental Parameter
Spectral Spreading exponent 99
Reference Curret Height 3 m
Water Depth 100 m
Peak Enhancement Factor 3,3
Storm Duration 3 hours
Safety Class Factor
Wave and Current Data 1 Year 10 year 100 year
Hs (Tinggi Significant) 12 14 15
Tp(s) (Periode Signivicant) 12 15 18
Uc (s) (Kecepatan significant) 0,4 0,5 0,6
CALCULATION OF SPECTRAL JONSWAP

 Outer Diameter :

OD = Ds + t.coat 1 + t.coat 2 + t.coat 3

OD = 0,3145 + 0,0003 + 0,0003 + 0,0024

OD = 0,3445 m

 Reference period :

T n=
√ √
d
g
=
100
9.81
=3.19 s

 Peak Wave Frequency :

2 π 2 x 3.14
ωp = =0.42 rad /s
; T p =15 s
=
Tp 15

Note : wave and current data for 10 years period

 The Generalised Philips’ constant is given by :

γ
1−0.287 . ln ¿
2 4
5 H s ωp 5 142 x 0.42 4
6 g2
(¿¿)=(6 9.812 )
( 1−0.287 ln3.3 ) =0.01

α =¿

 The spectral width parameter is given by :

σ= {
0.07 if ω ≤ ω p
0.09 else

σ =0.09(ω> ω p )

2 π 2 x 3.14
ω= = =1.97
Tn 3.19

 The transfer function G transforms sea surface elevation to wave induced flow
velocities at sea bed and is given by :
 ω 1.97
G2 ( ω )= = =1.82
sinh( kd) sinh(0.54 x 100)

 For the JONSWAP spectrum, which is often appropriate, the spectral density
function reads :

[ ( )]
2
ω−ω p
−4 exp −0.5

( ( ))
−5 ω
4 ωp
.γ
σ . ωp

¿
S ηη ( ω )=α . g2 . ω−5 .exp ¿

[ ( )]
2
−4 1.97−0.42

( ( ))
exp −0.5
2 −5 1.97 −5 0.09 x0.42
S ηη ( ω )=0.01 x 9.81 x 1.97 exp x 3.3
4 0.42

S ηη ( ω )=0.04

 The wave induced velocity spectrum at the sea bed S UU (ω) may be obtained
through a spectral transformation of the waves at sea level using a first order
wave theory :

S uu ( ω )=G 2 (ω ). S ηη(ω)

S uu ( ω )=1.82 x 0.04

S uu ( ω )=0.14

 The spectral moments of n order is defined as :

∞
M n=∫ ω n SUU (ω)dω
0

because we use order 0, so the value of the spectral moments is

M 0=S ηη ( ω )
 M 0=0.14

We use order 2 to compare the spectral moments :

∞
M n=∫ ω n SUU ( ω ) dω
0

2 2
M 2=ω x SUU =1.97 x 0.14=0.54

 Therefore, the significant flow velociy amplitude at pipe level is :

U s =2 √ M 0

U s =2 √0.04=0.75 m/s

 Mean zero up-crossing period of oscillating flow at pipe level is :

T u =2 π
√ M0
M2
=2 x 3.14
√
0.04
0.54
=3.19 s

T 15
τ= = =4.7
T u 3.19

LOADS CALCULATION

 The ratio between the design single oscillation velocity amplitude and the design

spectral velocity amplitude for τ oscillations :

1
kU =
2 (√ 2 ln τ + 0.5772
√ 2 ln τ )

1
kU =
2 (√ 2 ln 4.7+ √0.5772
2 ln 4.7 )

k U =1.04

¿
U
kU =
Us
  Oscillatory velocity amplitude for single design oscillation, perpendicular to
pipeline defined as :
¿
U =k U x U s=1.04 x 0.75=0.78

 Steady current velocity associated with design oscillation, perpendicular to

pipeline given by :
ln ( z + z 0 ) −ln z 0
V ¿ =V .( zr ). . sin θ c
ln ( z r + z 0 ) −ln z 0

ln [ 100+ ( 5 x 10−6 )−ln(5 x 10−6 ) ]

sin 90°
¿
V =0.5 x 3 x
ln [ 3+ ( 5 x 10 )−ln(5 x 10 ) ]
−6 −6

V ¿ =1.90 m/ s

 Period associated with single design oscillation

T ¿ =T u=3.19 s

 Keulegan-Carpenter number for single design oscillation :

¿ ¿
U x T 0.78 x 3.19
K ¿= = =7.20
D 0.3445

 Steady to oscillatory velocity ratio for design :

V ¿ 1.90
M ¿= ¿ = =2.44
U 0.78

Cy
 is get from table 3-9 “Peak Horizontal Load Coefficient” (DNV RP F109

page 25)

C y =1.5
So,
Cz
 is get from table 3-9 “Peak Horizontal Load Coefficient” (DNV RP F109

page 25)
 Rasio antara design oscillation velocity amplitude dan design spectral velocity

amplitude untuk osilasi τ adalah :

U¿ 1
kU = =
Us 2 (√ 2 ln τ + 0.5772
√ 2 ln τ )

C y =1.03
So,

Peak horizontal and vertical load are :

1 2
F¿Y =r tot , y . . ρw . D . C¿Y . ( U ¿ +V ¿ )
2

¿ 1 2
FY =1 . .1025 . 0,3415 .1,5 . ( 0,78+1,9 ) =1875,85 N/m
2

1 2
F¿z=r tot, y . . ρw . D . C¿z . ( U ¿ +V ¿ )
2

¿ 1 2
FY =1 . .1025 . 0,3415 .1,03 . ( 0,78+1,9 ) =1288,08 N/m
2

 Based on DNV E305, we find the value of submerged weight of pipeline by this
formula :

W s= [ ( F D+ F I )+ μ . F L
μ ]
max
. Fw

using this formula to find the value of drag force, lift force and inertia force :

Lift Force :

1
F L = . ρ w . C L D ( U s . cos θ+U C )2 ; CL = 0.9
2
 1
F L = x 1.025 x 0.9 x 0.3445 x 0.74 2
2

F L =4.40 N

Drag force :

1
F D = . ρ w . C D D|( U s . cos θ+U C )|( U s cos θ+U c ) ; C = 0.7
2 D

1
F D = x 1025 x 0.7 x 0.3445|( 0.74 )|( 0.74 )
2

F D =3.42 N

Inertia Force :

π D2
F I= ρ C A sin θ ; CM = 3.29
4 w m s

where

2 π U s 2 x 3.14 x 0.74
As= = =1.46
Tu 3.19

So the inertia force is :

2
3.14 x 0.3445
F I= x 1025 x 3.29 x 1.46 sin 90°
4

F I =40.18 N

Therefore the submerged weight is:

 W s= [ F D+ FI + μ FL
μ ]
max
. Fw

W s= [ 3.42 x 40.18 x 0.2 x 4.40

0.2
x1 ]
W s =2322.38 N

Desain Criteria :

γ sc =1,83

(we use 1,83 because the storm duration (3 hours) is on extreme

condition)

Su
Gc =
D. γ s

10.000
Gc =
0,3445 .18.000

Gc =1,61

Fc =W S −F z

Fc =2322,38−1298,81

Fc =1023,57 N

γ ' sc =13500 ; clay (very dense)

Su. D
K c=
Fc
 10000 .0,3445
K c=
1023,57

K c =3,37

1023,57 . 4,1 .3,37

F R= 0,39
1,61

F R=11722, 85 N

Criteria :

¿ ¿
F + μ+ F Z
γ SC . γ ≤1
μ . wS + F R

1891,48+0,2+1298,81
1,83. ≤1
0,2 .2322,38+11722,85

0,31 ≤1

Vertical Stability

b
γw ≤1
w s +b

936,79
1,1 ≤1
2322,38+936,79

0,32 ≤1

Based on above calculations, using two criteria for checking the

stability the pipelines. The first criteria value is 0,31 ≤ 1.0 (fulfilled) and value
of vertical stability is 0,32 ≤ 1.0 (fulfilled), so the conclusion of stability of
pipelines is safe.