Nama : Astrid Kalbiana Widi

NIM : J3E118149
Kelas : JMP A

UNIT 8: MODAL AUXILIARIES & MODIFIERS

A. Modal Auxiliaries
Modal Auxiliaries are word that are used to help the verbs. Thus they are
actually helping verbs. They are followed by verb 1.
Modals
Can
Could
May
Might
Should (= ought to)
Will
Would
Must (= have to)
Shall

The formulas of capital are as follows:

(+) S + Modals + V1 + (O)
(-) S + Modals + not + V1 + (O)
(?) Modals + S + V1 + (O)?
 THE USAGE OF MODALS
Capital has several uses such as the following:
1. Can / could
Can be used to express abilities. The difference is, it can be used to express abilities in
the past (past). Both can function for this Verb Capital can also be used to ask permission
(permission) to do something.
a. Express ability
Example:
1. Boy can play Futsal very well.
2. Fitria could not sing this song beautifully
3. Naura can cook frice rice
b. Express possibilities
Example:
 1. I Can call You If I have finished my work
2. Fitria could not listen to what he said
c. Declare permission
Example:
1. You Can Watch TV after doing your homework
2. You Can borrow my novel tomorrow morning
d. Express polite requests.
Example:
1. Can I use your phone? Can I use your phone?
2. Could you please tell me where is the nearest bank? Can you tell me where the
nearest bank is?
2. May / might
May and might can be used to express the possibility (present) in the present (present)
and future (future). May and Might can be added to the primary auxiliary verb have to
express the possibility in the past (past). The difference, may be to declare hypothetical
situations that have not been proven, while might be proven.
a. To state the possibility
Example:
1. Tia does not come to the class, she may get late.
2. Shinta might not be angry because I am her boyfriend 
b. To declare permission
Example:
1. You might meet Your mom.
2. May I ask you a question?
3.Must / have to
a. To declare necessity
Example:
1. You must pay all of these.
2. We have to keep the secret 

b. To express definite certainty / prediction

Example:
1. After studying all the day. you must be so tired
2. Since you don't practice seriously, you must not win the dance competition.
4. Shall
Shall is used to declare simple futures like will but only used in first person I and we.
Shall [US English] is rarely used other than for polite questions for first person. This verb
capital can also be used to express obligations in formal situations (which can be legal
documents or during meetings. In this situation, both second and third person can be used
with this verb capital.
a. Shall be used for I and we. and Shall is used to express a plan.
Example:
1. We shall return the books this week end.
2. I shall not text you tonight.
b. In the question sentence, shall be used to give advice.
Example:
1. It is too hot here. Shall I open the window
2. You shall ask me if I want this food
5. Should
Should be used to express suggestions. In Indonesian, this word has the best meaning. Unlike
must, it shouldn't require someone to make that suggestion.
Example:
1. You look so tired, you should take a rest.
2. She Should tell me where she will go.
3. Should I give You The money?
6. Will
Will to express willingness. Willingness can be expressed in conditional sentence type 1
or invitation (invitation / invitation).
a. Used to declare a plan
Example:
1. I will go to Manado.
2. Will you come to my party? 
b. Used to express willingness
Example:
1. I will help you.
2. I will lend you the book
3. Will you invite Clara to your birthday party?
7. Would
Would also be used to express willingness, but more polite (polite). In addition to
expressing willingness, will and would also be used to discuss possibilities or make
predictions.
a. Used to express a plan in the past
Example:
 1. I would visit Bali last semester but I did not have money.
2. I would sleep last night, but it was too noisy.
3. If you had remembered to invite me, I would have attended your party.

 b. Used to express polite requests.

Example :
1. Would you please show your ID card?
2. Would you please tell when the train leaves?
8. Ought to
Ought to be used to express suggestions. However. the advice is not so strong or compelling.
Example:
1. You ought to study tonight.
2. He ought not to be here.
3. We ought to select the best candidate for the job.

B. Structure
I.Modifiers
Modifiers are words, phrase or clause in English that have a function
as an adjective or adverb which describes another word or group of words. In
English, the word or group of words described is known as Head. In
accordance with the meaning written in parentheses, modifier serves to clarify
or make clearer the meaning of the subject, predicate, direct object, or indirect
object. There are three types of noun modifiers : adjectives, nouns, and
participles (V3 and V-ing)
1. Adjectives
Example :
Budi is a kind person
Beautiful scenery is only in Indonesia
The weather in the country is very  cold.
2. Nouns Phrase
Example :
1. Niko dives off his diving board
2. My mother asked Lucy to decorate dining room
3. A dog is playing in the garden
3. Participles
 Past Participle (V3)
Example :
1. Dina has finished her report
2. My Mother has visited Makassar.
3. Haikal has  paid the bill.
 Present Participle (V-ing)
 Example :
1. The interesting fact was published.
2. I am learning English language at now
3. Dinda has been studying all night long

II. Future Tense

Example :
1. The weather is going to be nice on Sunday
2. Next summer, I will travel to New York. My sister lives there and she
bought me a plane ticket for my birthday.
3. It is going to snow in the mountains tomorrow evening.