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Hazel
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Main page For other uses, see Hazel (disambiguation).

Contents The hazel (Corylus) is a genus of
Featured content Hazel
deciduous trees and large shrubs native
Current events
to the temperate Northern Hemisphere.
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Donate to Wikipedia The genus is usually placed in the birch
Wikipedia store family Betulaceae,[2][3][4][5] though some
botanists split the hazels (with the
Interaction
hornbeams and allied genera) into a
Help
separate family Corylaceae.[6][7] The fruit
About Wikipedia
of the hazel is the hazelnut.
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Recent changes Hazels have simple, rounded leaves with Common hazel (Corylus avellana)
Contact page double-serrate margins. The flowers are
Scientific classification
produced very early in spring before the
Tools Kingdom: Plantae
leaves, and are monoecious, with single-
What links here Clade: Tracheophytes
sex catkins. The male catkins are pale
Related changes
yellow and 5–12 cm long, and the female Clade: Angiosperms
Upload file
Special pages ones are very small and largely Clade: Eudicots
Permanent link concealed in the buds, with only the Clade: Rosids
Page information bright-red, 1-to-3 mm-long styles visible.
Order: Fagales
Wikidata item The fruits are nuts 1–2.5 cm long and 1–
Cite this page Family: Betulaceae
2 cm diameter, surrounded by an
involucre (husk) which partly to fully Subfamily: Coryloideae
In other projects

Wikimedia Commons
encloses the nut.[4] Genus: Corylus
Wikispecies L.
The shape and structure of the involucre,
and also the growth habit (whether a tree Synonyms[1]
Print/export
or a suckering shrub), are important in the Lopima Dochnahl
Download as PDF
identification of the different species of
Printable version
hazel.[4]
Languages
The pollen of hazel species, which are
‫ا ﻟ ﻌ ﺮﺑ ﻴ ﺔ‬
often the cause for allergies in late winter
Aragonés
or early spring, can be identified under
Asturianu
Azərbaycanca
magnification (600X) by their
‫ﺗ ﯚرﮐ ﺠﻪ‬ characteristic granular exines bearing
Беларуская three conspicuous pores.[8]
Български
Young male catkins of Corylus
Bosanski avellana
Brezhoneg
Català
Contents [hide]
Чӑвашла
Cebuano
1 Species
Čeština 2 Uses
Dansk 3 Ecology
Deutsch 4 Mythology and folklore
Dolnoserbski 5 Gallery
Eesti 6 References
Ελληνικά
7 External links
Español
Esperanto
Euskara
‫ﻓﺎر ﺳ ﯽ‬ Species [edit]
Français
Corylus has 14–18 species. The circumscription of species in eastern Asia is
Gaeilge
disputed, with WCSP and the Flora of China differing in which taxa are accepted;
Gàidhlig
Galego within this region, only those taxa accepted by both sources are listed
한국어 below.[4][9][10][11] The species are grouped as follows:
Հայերեն
Nut surrounded by a soft, leafy involucre, multiple-stemmed, suckering shrubs
Hornjoserbsce
to 12 m tall
Hrvatski
Ирон Involucre short, about the same length as the nut
Íslenska
Corylus americana—American hazel, eastern North America
Italiano
Corylus avellana—Common hazel, Europe and western Asia
ქართული
Kaszëbsczi Corylus heterophylla—Asian hazel, Asia
Қазақша Corylus yunnanensis—Yunnan hazel, central and southern China
Лакку Involucre long, twice the length of the nut or more, forming a 'beak'
Latina
Corylus colchica—Colchican filbert, Caucasus
Latviešu
Lëtzebuergesch Corylus cornuta—Beaked hazel, North America
Lietuvių Corylus maxima—Filbert, southeastern Europe and southwest Asia
Magyar Corylus sieboldiana—Asian beaked hazel, northeastern Asia and
Македонски Japan (syn. C. mandshurica)
მარგალური
Nut surrounded by a stiff, spiny involucre, single-stemmed trees to 20–35 m
Bahasa Melayu
Nederlands
tall
日本語 Involucre moderately spiny and also with glandular hairs
Nordfriisk
Corylus chinensis—Chinese hazel, western China
Norsk bokmål
Norsk nynorsk
Corylus colurna—Turkish hazel, southeastern Europe and Asia Minor
Polski Corylus fargesii—Farges' hazel, western China
Português Corylus jacquemontii—Jacquemont's hazel, Himalaya
Runa Simi Corylus wangii—Wang's hazel, southwest China
Русский
Involucre densely spiny, resembling a chestnut burr
Shqip
Simple English Corylus ferox—Himalayan hazel, Himalaya, Tibet and southwest China
Српски / srpski (syn. C. tibetica).
Suomi
Several hybrids exist, and can occur between species in different sections of the
Svenska
Tagalog
genus, e.g. Corylus × colurnoides (C. avellana × C. colurna). The oldest
Türkçe confirmed hazel species is Corylus johnsonii found as fossils in the Ypresian-age
Українська rocks of Ferry County, Washington.[12]
Tiếng Việt
Uses [edit]
Winaray
吴语 The nuts of all hazels are edible (see
中文 hazelnut). The common hazel is the
Edit links
species most extensively grown for its
nuts, followed in importance by the filbert.
Nuts are also harvested from the other
species, but apart from the filbert, none is
of significant commercial importance.[5]

A number of cultivars of the common

A hazel coppice in winter at
hazel and filbert are grown as ornamental
Bubbenhall in Warwickshire, England.
plants in gardens, including forms with
contorted stems (C. avellana 'Contorta',
popularly known as "Harry Lauder's walking stick" from its gnarled appearance);
with weeping branches (C. avellana 'Pendula'); and with purple leaves (C.
maxima 'Purpurea').

Hazel is a traditional material used for making wattle, withy fencing, baskets, and
the frames of coracle boats. The tree can be coppiced, and regenerating shoots
allow for harvests every few years.

Hazels are used as food plants by the larvae of various species of Lepidoptera.

Ecology [edit]

At least 21 species of fungus have a mutualistic relationship with hazel. Lactarius

pyrogalus grows almost exclusively on hazel, and hazel is one of two kinds of
host for the rare Hypocreposis rhododrendri. Several rare species of Graphidion
lichen depend on hazel trees. In the UK, five species of moth are specialised to
feed on hazel including Parornix devoniella. Animals which eat hazelnuts include
red deer, dormouse and red squirrel.[13]

Mythology and folklore [edit]

See also: Salmon of Wisdom and The Boyhood Deeds of Fionn

The Celts believed hazelnuts gave one wisdom and inspiration. There are
numerous variations on an ancient tale that nine hazel trees grew around a sacred
pool, dropping into the water nuts that were eaten by salmon (a fish sacred to
Druids), which absorbed the wisdom. A Druid teacher, in his bid to become
omniscient, caught one of these special salmon and asked a student to cook the
fish, but not to eat it. While he was cooking it, a blister formed and the pupil used
his thumb to burst it, which he naturally sucked to cool, thereby absorbing the
fish's wisdom. This boy was called Fionn Mac Cumhail (Fin McCool) and went on
to become one of the most heroic leaders in Gaelic mythology.[14]

"The Hazel Branch" from Grimms' Fairy Tales claims that hazel branches offer the
greatest protection from snakes and other things that creep on the earth.

Gallery [edit]
 Form (Farges' hazel) Male catkins (common Female flower (common
hazel) hazel)

Leaves and nuts with Hazelnuts Closeup of a male

spiny husks (Turkish hazelnut flower using
hazel) autofluorescence
microscopy.

References [edit]

1. ^ Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families

2. ^ Germplasm Resources Information Network: Corylus Archived 2009-01-
14 at the Wayback Machine
3. ^ Chen, Zhi-Duan; Manchester, Steven R; Sun, Hai-Ying (August 1999).
"Phylogeny and evolution of the Betulaceae as inferred from DNA sequences,
morphology, and paleobotany" . American Journal of Botany . 86 (8): 1168–
1181. doi:10.2307/2656981 . ISSN 0002-9122 . JSTOR 2656981 .
4. ^ a bc d Rushforth, K. (1999). Trees of Britain and Europe . Collins ISBN 0-00-
220013-9.
5. ^ a b Huxley, A., ed. (1992). New RHS Dictionary of Gardening . Macmillan
ISBN 0-333-47494-5.
6. ^ Bean, William Jackson (1976). Trees and Shrubs Hardy in the British Isles . 1.
Taylor, George (8th ed.). London: J. Murray. ISBN 0719517907.
OCLC 103403 .
7. ^ Erdogan, V.; Mehlenbacher, S. A. (2002). "Phylogenetic analysis of hazelnut
species (Corylus, Corylacae) based on morphology and phenology". Sist. Bot.
Dergisi. 9: 83–100.
8. ^ Airy, Hubert (1874). "Pollen-grains in the Air" . Nature. 10 (253): 355.
doi:10.1038/010355b0 .
[permanent dead link]
9. ^ WCSP: Corylus
10. ^ Flora of China: Corylus
11. ^ Flora of North America: Corylus
12. ^ Pigg, K.B.; Manchester S.R.; Wehr W.C. (2003). " Corylus, Carpinus, and
Palaeocarpinus (Betulaceae) from the Middle Eocene Klondike Mountain and
Allenby Formations of Northwestern North America". International Journal of
 Allenby Formations of Northwestern North America". International Journal of
Plant Sciences. 164 (5): 807–822. doi:10.1086/376816 .
13. ^ Trees for Life - Hazel
14. ^ Floriz: Mythology and Folklore of the Hazel Tree Archived 2012-03-31 at
the Wayback Machine
External links [edit]

Eichhorn, Markus (December 2010).

Wikimedia Commons has
"The Hazel Tree" . Test Tube. media related to Corylus.
Brady Haran for the University of
Nottingham.

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 Wikidata: Q145889 · Wikispecies: Corylus · EoL: 29892 ·
EPPO: 1CYLG · FNA: 108088 · FoC: 108088 ·
Fossilworks: 55296 · GBIF: 2875967 · GRIN: 2962 ·
iNaturalist: 53373 · IPNI: 13489-1 · IRMNG: 1273824 ·
Taxon identifiers ITIS: 19505 · NBN: NHMSYS0000457537 · NCBI: 13450 ·
NZOR: 32699d89-bfb6-4bb7-9200-c408868fd5ff ·
PLANTS: CORYL · POWO: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:13489-1 ·
Tropicos: 40014731 · VASCAN: 1041

Categories: Corylus Edible nuts and seeds Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus

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