Buela, Frances Bianca V.
BSACT 4
RIZAL IN HIS TIME AND IN THE 19TH CENTURY
1861
June 19 – Rizal is born in the town of Calamba, Laguna, the
seventh child of Francisco Mercado Rizal and Teodora Alonso
y Quintos
June 22 – Rizal is baptized as José Rizal Mercado
1872
February 17 - Three Filipino priests, Mariano Gomez, José
Apolonio Burgos and Jacinto Zamora, are executed on charges
of subversion
June 26 – Rizal attends Ateneo Municipal de Manila as a day
scholar
1874
November 14 – Rizal composes the poem “Al Niño Jesús”
1875
December 5 – Rizal writes the poems “El Combate:
Urbiztondo,” “Terror de Joló,” “El embarque,” and “Y es
español: Elcano el primero en dar vuelta al mundo”
1876
April 1 – Rizal pens the poem “Alianza íntima entre la
religión y la buena educación”
December 3 – Rizal pens the poems “El cautiverio y el
triunfo,” “Entrada triunfal de los Reyes Católicos en Granada”
and “La conquista de Granada”
1877
March 14 - Rizal at the age of sixteen obtains his bachelor of
arts degree from the Ateneo Municipal de Manila with the
general average of sobresaliente (excellent).
June – Rizal meets Miss Segunda Katigbak
1878
January 6 – Rizal enrolls in philosophy and letters at the
University of Santo Tomás (UST)
May 21 – Rizal passes the surveyor’s examination (but is
granted a license only after three years)
June 2 – Rizal enrolls in preparatory and proper medicine at
UST
September 11 – Using the pen name P. Jacinto, Rizal begins
his diary Memorias de un estudiante de Manila
1879
November 22 – Rizal composes his award-winning poem, “A
la juventud filipina” (To the Philippine Youth)
1880
April 13 – Rizal wins first prize for the allegory “El consejo
de los Dioses”
December 8 – Ateneo Municipal de Manila produces Rizal’s
operetta “Junto al Pasig”
1881
January 25 – Rizal writes a poem for the Ateneo rector
entitled “Al muy R.P. Pablo Ramón, S.J., rector del Ateneo en
sus días”
February 10 – Rizal becomes secretary of the Academia de
Ciencias Filosóficonaturales
April 30 – Rizal sketches a pencil drawing of Leonor Rivera
1882
May 3 – Rizal sails for Spain and enrolls at the Universidad
Central de Madrid with financial help from his brother
Paciano
August 20 – Diariong Tagalog publishes Rizal’s first essay
“Amor Patria,” using Laong Laan as pen name while in
Barcelona
1883
June 17 – Rizal arrives in Paris
June 18 - Rizal visits Leannec Hospital
June 20 – Rizal visits Lariboisiere Hospital where Félix Pardo
de Tavera is an extern
September 28 – Rizal goes back to Madrid and enrolls in
Universidad Central for a second course in medicine
November 4 – Rizal’s sister Soledad marries
1884
March 11 – Rizal begins to study German seriously
June 21 – Rizal is conferred the degree of licentiate in
medicine
June 25 – Rizal delivers a speech honoring Filipino painters
Juan Luna and Félix Resurrección Hidalgo
July 1 – Through the newspaper El Progreso, Rizal asks for
freedom of the press and the Filipino right of representation in
the Spanish Cortes
August 31 – News of Rizal’s speech about the two Filipino
painters makes him famous in the Philippines
1885
January 1 – In a letter, Paciano tells Rizal that it would be too
dangerous for him to return immediately to the Philippines
June 16 - Rizal is informed by Manuel Hidalgo about cholera
in Manila
June 19 – Rizal finishes his degree in licentiate in philosophy
and letters in Universidad Central de Madrid with a grade of
sobresaliente
November 19 – Rizal learns about the gambling habit of
Filipinos in Madrid
December 4 - Rizal goes to Paris and practices ophthalmology
with Dr. de Wecker at the Crugen Clinic, against his brother
Paciano’s wishes
1886
February 2 – Rizal arrives in Germany
April 22 – Rizal writes the poem “A Las Flores de
Heildelberg” (To The Flowers of Heidelberg)
July 14 - Rizal becomes a member of the Chess Club of
Germany
October 31 – Rizal meets Dr. Adolf Bernard Meyer, naturalist
of the Dresden University
December 11 – Máximo Viola joins Rizal in Berlin
December 15 – Rizal starts teaching Viola the German
language
1887
January – Rizal becomes a member of the Ethnographic
Society of Berlin
February – Rizal becomes a member of the Anthropological
Society and the Geographic Society of Berlin
March 21 – Copies of Noli Me Tangere become available
April – Rizal submits his thesis “Arte Métrica del Tagalog” to
the Ethnographic Society of Berlin
June 19 – Rizal celebrates his 26th birthday in Geneva,
Switzerland
August 5 – Rizal arrives in Manila
August 30 – An order prohibiting the possession and reading
of Noli Me Tangere is issued
September - Olimpia, Rizal’s sister, dies of hemorrhage while
giving birth
1888
February 8 – Rizal arrives in Hong Kong
February 28 – Rizal arrives in Japan
March 15 – Rizal sees O-Sei-san for the first time
April 28 - Rizal arrives in the United States
May 8 – Rizal starts travelling across the American continent
June 2 - Rizal arrives in London, England
July 9 – Spanish senator Vida denounces Rizal in the Senate
of Madrid, calling Noli Me Tangere anti-Catholic
December 13 – La Solidaridad is founded with Marcelo H.
del Pilar as editor in chief
1889
March 31 – Rizal’s “Me piden versos” (They Ask Me For
Verses) is published in La Solidaridad under the pen name
Laong Laan
April 12 – Dr. Luis M. de Pardo delivers a speech against
Rizal and Noli Me Tangere before the Spanish Congress
May 23 – Rizal’s brother-in-law Mariano Herbosa dies of
cholera
July 12 - Rizal arrives in Paris, spending days proofreading
Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas
September 10 – Rizal meets Sr. Segismundo Moret, a former
minister of the Spanish government who admires Noli Me
Tangere
1890
February 2 – Rizal arrives in Brussels, Belgium
May 26 – Rizal’s annotations of Morga’s Sucesos de las Islas
Filipinas become widely read in the Philippines
May 28 – Through a letter Rizal informs M. H. del Pilar about
the Filipinos’ gambling habit in Madrid
June 28 – Friars harass Rizal’s family in Calamba
July 20 – Rizal’s family loses the land case against the friars
1891
March 21 – Rizal finishes his second novel El Filibusterismo,
but plans to revise some chapters
October 7 – Rizal informs del Pilar that he will stop writing
for La Solidaridad
October 9 – Rizal tells Ferdinand Blumentritt of his decision
to cease writing for La Solidaridad in order to avoid a schism
among the Filipinos in Spain
December 6 - Rizal’s family reunites in Hong Kong
December – Rizal is almost attacked by an Augustinian friar
1892
January 30 – Juan Luna endorses Rizal’s plan of establishing
a Filipino colony in North Borneo
February - The Kataas-taasang Kagalang-galangang
Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan is founded by Andrés
Bonifacio
June 21 – Rizal writes a letter to Governor-General Eulogio
Despujol, informing the latter of his return to the Philippines
July 6 – Rizal is arrested and imprisoned in Fort Santiago for
sedition and anti-religion
September 1 – Rizal starts corresponding with Father Pablo
Pastells on matters of philosophy and religion
July 7 – Despujol orders Rizal’s exile to Dapitan
August 20 – Rizal writes a poem “A Don Ricardo Carnicero”
for his guardian in Dapitan
September 21 – Rizal wins the lottery’s second prize
1893
April 30 – Rizal’s “El consejo de los Dioses” is published in
La Solidaridad
May 16 – Rizal’s prison guardian Carnicero is replaced
August 28 - Leonor Rivera, Rizal’s girlfriend for eleven years,
dies
August 29 – Rizal’s mother visits him in Dapitan
1894
February – Governor-General Ramón Blanco visits Rizal in
Dapitan
June – Rizal makes a successful operation on his mother’s
cataract
August – Rizal encourages businessmen in Dapitan to form a
company
August 21 – Rizal exchanges information with Dr. Adolf
Meyer about animal and insect classification
1895
January 1 – Rizal finishes the draft of the statutes and
regulations for the Society of Dapitan Agriculturists
February - Rizal meets Josephine Bracken
February 22 – Rizal asks George Taufer for the hand of
Josephine Bracken
June 1 – Governor-General Blanco permits Rizal to establish
an agricultural colony in Dapitan
October 22 - Rizal sends a poem to his mother entitled “Mi
retiro” (My Retreat)
On December 30th the ashes of Rizal were transferred to the
Rizal Mausoleum and December 30th is declared a national
holiday in honor of his memory. José Rizal's life and works
were critical to those from the Philippines who were looking
for an end to Spanish colonization.
1956
June 12. The Philippine Government passes Republic Act No.
1425 which mandates all public and private schools, colleges
and universities to include a curriculum on the life and works
of José Rizal, particularly a study of his novels Noli Me
Tangere and El Filibusterismo.

1896
July 1 – Pío Valenzuela visits and informs Rizal of the
impending revolution against the Spanish colonial government
July 30 – Rizal receives a letter informing him that his
application to go to Cuba to serve the Spanish army as a
military doctor has been accepted
August 23 – The Philippine Revolution starts with the Cry of
Pugadlawin
September 4 – On the ship bound for Spain, Rizal receives
news implicating him as the cause of disturbances in the
Philippines
December 11 – In the presence of his defender Lt. Luis Taviel
de Andrade, Rizal is charged with sedition. The following day
he writes his defense
December 15 – Imprisoned in Fort Santiago, Rizal writes a
manifesto to the Filipinos to stop the revolution. The Spanish
authorities, however, do not publish the document
December 27 – Rizal is sentenced to death
December 29 – Rizal is reputed to have written an unsigned
poem, later to become known as “Mi último adios” (Last
Poem of Rizal)
December 30 – At 7:03 am Rizal is executed. In the
afternoon, Narcisa discovers a newly dug grave at Paco
Cemetery. She marks it with a marble plaque, with Rizal’s
initials in reverse

1898
May 1 – The Spanish fleet surrenders to the Americans in the
Battle of Manila Bay
July – Narcisa retrieves Rizal’s remains, storing them in an
urn made by Romualdo Teodoro de Jesús

1901
June 11 – The Philippine Government passes Act No. 137
which renames the province of Morong to Rizal in honor of
the national hero
September 28 – The Philippine Assembly approves Act No.
243 to build the Rizal monument in Luneta

1912