DIFFERENTIATION

Part 1 : Introduction
of differentiation
PREPARED BY MADAM NORSHAKILA
UNIKL MIMET
Learning Objective
1. Introduction of differentiation
- Constant and Power
- Product and quotient rule
-Chain rule.
2. Differentiation of certain function
-Trigonometric
-Reciprocal
-Exponential function
 Rules for Differentiation

Working with the definition of the derivative is important

because it helps you really understand what the derivative
means.
Rule 1: Derivative of a constant
d
We will use the notation dx  f ( x)
To mean “the derivative of f with respect to x
at x.”

Rule 1: Derivative of a constant

d
(c) = 0
dx
The derivative of a constant function is equal
to zero.
 Rule 2: The power rule

Rule 2: The Power Rule

If n is any real number, then

d n
dx
( x ) = nx n −1
Rule 3: Derivative of a Constant
Multiple Function
Rule 3: Derivative of a Constant
Multiple Function
If c is any constant real number, then

d d
cf ( x) = c  f ( x)
dx dx
 Rule 4: The Sum Rule

Rule 4: The Sum Rule

d d d
 f ( x )  g ( x)  =  f ( x)    g ( x) 
dx dx dx
Find derivative of f ( x) = 2  x 7 + x 
  2

Answer:

f ( x) = 2 x 7 + x
d
f '( x) =  2 x 7 + x 
dx

f '( x) = 14 x6 + 1
Find derivative of f ( x) = 2 x 2
+5
x
Answer:
2 1 1 3 1
2x 5 2− − −
f ( x) = 1
+ 1
= 2x 2
+ 5x 2
= 2 x + 5x
2 2

2 2
x x
d  3
 d  −
1

f '( x) =  2 x  + 5 x 
2 2
dx   dx  

3  32 −1  1  − 12 −1 
=  2 x  + −  5x 
2  2 
1
5 − 23 5
= 3x − x = 3 x −
2
2 2 x3
 Method of
differentiation
The Product rule
d dv du
( uv ) = u  v
dx du dx
Find derivative of y = (2 − x )(1 − 2 x)
3

Answer:
u = (2 − x ) 3
v = (1 − 2 x)
u ' = −3x2 v ' = −2

dy
= uv '+ u ' v = (2 − x )(−2) + (1 − 2 x)(−3 x )
3 2

dx
= −4 + 2 x − 3x + 6 x
3 2 3

= 8 x − 3x − 4
3 2
Find derivative of y = (2 + x4 )( x−1 − 1)

Answer:
−1
u = 2+ x 4
v = x −1
u ' = 4x 3
v ' = − x−2

−2 −1
f '( x) = uv '+ u ' v = (2 + x )(− x ) + ( x −1)(4 x )
4 3

= −2 x−2 − x2 + 4 x2 − 4 x3

= −4 x3 + 3x2 − 2 x−2
 The Quotient rule
The derivative of the quotient of two differentiable
functions is given by
d  f ( x)  g ( x) f ( x) − f ( x) g ( x)
  = ( g ( x )  0)
 g ( x) 
2
dx  g ( x) 
or
vu '− uv '
f '( x) =
v2
 ( x −1 − 1)
Find derivative of y =
(2 + x 4 )
Answer:
v = 2 + x4 u = x −1 −1
u' = − x −2
v = 4x3

vu '− uv ' (2 + x 4 )(− x −2 ) − ( x −1 − 1)(4 x3 )

f '( x) = =
v 2
(2 + x ) 4 2

−2
−2
(−2 x − x ) − (4 x − 4 x )
2 2
(3
−2 x − 5 x 2
+ 4 x 3
)
= =
(2 + x )
4 2
(2 + x 4 ) 2
 The chain rule

d n −1 d
[ f ( x)] = n[ f ( x)]
n
[ f ( x)]
dx dx
or
dy dy du
= 
dx du dx
Find derivative of y = 2 − x3 using first method

Answer:

dy 1 −
1
−3 x 2
= (2 − x ) .(−3x ) =
3 2 2

dx 2 2 2 − x3
Find derivative of y = 2 − x3 using second method

Answer:
1

u = 2− x3 y=u 2

1 − 12
u = −3x2 y = u
2
dy dy du
= 
dx du dx
dy 1 −
1
−3 x 2
= (2 − x )  (−3x ) =
3 2 2

dx 2 2 2 − x3
 1
Find derivative of y = (2 + x ) 4 7

Answer:
1
u = 2 + x4 y=u 7

du dy 1 −
6
1
= 4 x3 = u 7
=
dx du 7 6
7
7u
dy dy du
= 
dx du dx

dy 1 4 x3
= 6
.4 x 3
= 6
dx
7(2 + x 4 ) 7 7(2 + x ) 4 7
Differentiation of
other functions
 Trigonometric functions

( sin f ( x) ) = cos f ( x).  f ( x) 

d
d
dx  dx 
d d 
( cos f ( x ) ) = − sin f ( x ).  f ( x ) 
dx  dx 
d d 
( tan f ( x ) ) = sec 2
f ( x ).  f ( x ) 
dx  dx 

( csc f ( x) ) = − csc f ( x).cot f ( x).  f ( x) 

d d
dx  dx 

( sec( x) ) = sec f ( x).tan f ( x).  f ( x) 

d
d
dx  dx 

( cot f ( x) ) = − csc f ( x).  f ( x) 

d
d 2

dx  dx 
Find derivative of y = csc(2 x 3 + 5)

Answer:

dy
= − csc(2 x3 + 5).cot(2 x3 + 5).6 x 2
dx
= −6 x2 csc(2 x3 + 5)cot(2 x3 + 5)
Find derivative of y = x sin x

Answer:

= ( x )( sin x ) + x ( sin x ) = x cos x + sin x

dy
dx
Find derivative of y = cos4 (3x + 2)
Answer:
dy d
= 4 cos ( 3 x + 2 )  . cos ( 3 x + 2 ) 
3

dx dx
d
= 4 cos ( 3 x + 2 )  . − sin(3 x + 2)  ( 3x + 2 )
3

dx

= −12  cos ( 3 x + 2 )  .sin(3 x + 2) 

3

= −12  cos3 ( 3 x + 2 )  .sin(3 x + 2) 

Find derivative of y = (cot(2 x + 5))
3 3

Answer:
dy
( ) d
( )
2
= 3
 cot 2 x 3
+ 5  .
 dx 
 cot 2 x 3
+ 5 

dx

( )
= 3 cot ( 2 x + 5 ) . − csc ( 2 x + 5 ) .
d
( 2 x + 5)
2
3 2 3 3

dx
= 3 ( cot ( 2 x + 5 ) ) . ( − csc ( 2 x + 5 ) ) . ( 6 x )
2 3 2 3 2

= −18 x ( cot ( 2 x + 5 ) ) ( csc ( 2 x + 5 ) ) .

2 2 3 2 3
Exponential function
d x
(e ) = e x

dx
Derivative formula:
d f ( x) f ( x)  d 
(e ) = e .  f ( x ) 
dx  dx 
 (2 − x3 )
Find derivative of y=e
Answer:
1
(2 − x )
y=e
3 2

1
dy (2 − x ) 3d
=e  (2 − x3 ) 2
dx dx
(2 − x3 )
(2 − x3 ) 1 −
1
−3x e
2
=e  (2 − x )  (−3x ) =
3 2 2

2 2 2− x 3
 ex
Find derivative of y =
2x
Answer:

dy (e x ) '(2 x) − (e x )(2 x) ' (e x )(2 x) − (e x )(2)

= 2
=
dx (2 x) (2 x) 2

2( xe x − e x ) e x
( x − 1)
= 2 =
4x 2 x2
Logarithmic function
d 1
ln( x) =
dx x

Derivative formula:
d
[ f ( x)]
d
ln f ( x) = dx
dx f ( x)
 1
Find derivative of y = ln(2 + x )4 7

Answer:
d
1
1 −
6
4 x3
(2 + x )4 7
(2 + x 4 ) .(4 x 3 )
7
dy dx =7 = 7
= 1 1 1 6
+
dx (2 + x ) (2 + x )
4 7 7
(2 + x 4 ) 7
4 7

4 x3
=
7(2 + x 4 )
Find derivative of y = (ln(3x − 1))5

Answer:

dy 4 d
= 5(ln(3x − 1))  ln(3x − 1)
dx dx
3
= 5(ln(3x − 1)) 
4

3x − 1
15(ln(3x − 1)) 4
=
3x − 1
Find derivative of y = ln( x + 1)(2 x + 1)4

Answer:

dy
= (ln( x + 1))((2 x + 1) 4 ) + (ln( x + 1))((2 x + 1) 4 )
dx
 1 
=  (2 x + 1) + ln( x + 1)  4(2 x + 1) (2)
4 3

 x +1
(2 x + 1) 4
= + 8(2 x + 1)3 ln( x + 1)
x +1