E25: Most Im portant Questions I RPSC-AE Mains I Civil Engineering: TOl Design of Steel Structures

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rro1 Design of Steel Structure~

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Content: General design requirements for steel structures, various types of connections
(rivets, bolts and welded), and design of tension members.

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2 Marks

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1. Determine shear resistance of shop weld (fillet type) for ultimate strength of weld as 410

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MPa (according IS: 800-2007).

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Sol.

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Shear resistance of weld = fr,;- x _l_

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"\/3 x:

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Here; "{ mw = 1.25 for shop weld, fu = 410 MPa.
. 410 1 | 2
So, shear resistance of weld = r;; x -- = 189 .3 7 NI mm
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"\/3 1.25
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2. In the limit state design method, the structure is designed to satisfy the safety and
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serviceability requirements. Briefly write about serviceability requirements in limit state

design of steel structures.
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Limit state of serviceability includes:

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1. Deformations and deflections,

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2. Vibrations,
3. Repairable damage due to fatigue, and
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4. Corrosion and durability.

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3. A tension member of roof truss is subjected to the reversal of stresses due to action of wind
load. Iflength of the member is 3 m and least radius of gyration is 12. 7 mm, then find whether
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the design is safe with respect to slenderness ratio or not.

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Slenderness ratio,
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L 3000
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=- = -- = 236.22 < 350. Hence It. IS
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rmin 12.7
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4. Due to what reasons, plates in a structure joint made with bearing bolts may fail?
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Reasons:
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 E25: Most Important Questions I RPSC-AE Mains I Civil Engineering: TOl Design of Steel Structures

• Shearing or bursting of the edge,

• Crushing of plates,
• Rupture of plates, and

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• Block shear failure of plates in tension.

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5. Determine the net area of 180 x 10 mm tension plate, if critical section is passing through

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the holes (three number) having diameter of 18 mm each.

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Sol.

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Anet = [180-(3 X 18)] X 10 = 1260 mm"

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6. What is 'lug angles' and why these are not preferred now-a-days?

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Sol.
Lug angles are used to reduce the length of end connections of a heavily loaded tension member.

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But it requires additional fasteners and angles, hence, now a days it is not preferred

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7. A bracket bolted with a vertical column. Find shear capacity of bolts (in kN) with following

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specifications.
Ultimate stress = 400 MPa,

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Number of shear planes with thread intercepting the shear plane= 1,

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Number of shear planes without threads intercepting the shear plane= O, and
Nominal diameter of bolt = 20 mm.
Sol.
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Shear capacity of bolt= fn r::: (n.A.b + nnAnb)

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"f mw
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7t 2 2
Here; Anh= 0.78x-x20 = 245 mm , "fmw = 1.25, n. = 0, and nn = 1.
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400
So, shear capacity of bolt= .J3 x245 = 15.27kN
in

1.25x 3
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8. What is the 'block failure' of tension member? Describe very precisely.

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Sol.
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In this type of failure, the failure of the member occurs along a path involving tension on one plane
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and shear on a perpendicular plane along the fasteners.

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9. Define 'prying force' in respect of bolted connections.

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In the design of HSFG bolts subjected to tensile forces, an additional contact force called prying
force is to be considered arises due to flexibility of connected plates.
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10. What are the factors those influence the strength of tension members?
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These factors are; length of connection, size and spacing of fasteners, net area of cross-section,
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type of fabrication, connection eccentricity, and shear lag at the end connection.
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 E25: Most Im portant Questions I RPSC-AE Mains I Civil Engineering: TOl Design of Steel Structures

11. Name the five common types of butt weld.

Sol.
Types of butt weld:

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1. Square Butt weld on one side,
2. Single V-buttjoint,

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3. Double V-butt joint,

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4. Single U-butt joint, and

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5. Double U-butt joint.

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5 Marks

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1. A fillet weld is designed to connect the plates as shown below to transmit a pull equal to

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the full strength of small plates of Fe-410 MPa. The thickness of plate is 10 mm and welding

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to be done in workshop. Determine length of weld.

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1 12,-

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Sol.
fu = 410MPa, fy = 250MPa.
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Strength of yielding, P = fyAg = 250 x (120 x l O) = 27273 N = 272. 73 kN
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Design of weld;
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Minimum size of weld= 5mm

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Maximum size of weld= t - 1.5 = 10- 1.5 = 8.5 mm

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Use weld size, w = 8mm.

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Assume, L; be effective length of weld

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So, strength of weld,

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F = Lw x0.7xwxfu
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w JJx'Ymw
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F = Lw x0.7xSx4lOkN (for sho weld, = 1.25)

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w Jj xl.25x1000 p t.:
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::::} F = 1060.48 x L kN
w 1000 w
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Let, P = Fw, so
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272.33 = l 060.48 XL
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1000 w
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r., =256.8mm
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Let effective length of weld required= 260 (70+ 120+ 70)mm.

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 E25: Most Im portant Questions I RPSC-AE Mains I Civil Engineering: TOl Design of Steel Structures

2. Determine the bearing strength of a 20 mm bolt of property class 8.8 connecting 12 mm

thick plates as shown in figure below. Given that ultimate strength of plate is 410 MPa and
shear plane cuts the shank.

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35mm

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12 mm tL-------,--1-----11-....J , 12 mm

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35mm
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Summ

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Properties ofM 20 bolt grade 8.8:

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Ultimate strength of bolt= 800 MPa.

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Sol.

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Bearing strength ofbolt,

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vb = 2.5kbdtfu ... (1)

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"f mw

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Here; d = 20mm, d = dia. of hole= 20 + 2 = 22mm, e = 35 mm, t = 12mm,
0

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And, p = pitch = 50mm, fu = 410 MPa, fub = 800 MPa, "{ mw = 1.25,
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And, kb = mm e [-
p - 0.25 ,-,1.0
fub J J
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3d 3d fu
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= min[ 35 ( 50 -0.25] 800 1.0]

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3 X 22 ' 3 X 22 ' 410 '

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= min[0.530,0.507,1,951,1.0] = 0.507.
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Now, from equation (1),

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V. = 2.5x0.507x20x12x410
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b 1.25x 1000
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=99.78kN
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3. Determine the design tensile strength of 160 x 8 mm plates with the holes for 18 mm bolts
as shown in figure below.
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3Umm
G----------- 25mm
0--------
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G-----0---- 25mm
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~'t'--,--+-----
o-------- 25mm
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25mm
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I I 3Umm
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mm
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 E25: Most Important Questions I RPSC-AE Mains I Civil Engineering: TOl Design of Steel Structures

Sol.
Strength of plate in yielding,

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T = ____!LL

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gy "{

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Here; Ag = 160 x 8 = 1280mm2, fY = 250 MPa, and y = 1.1.

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So T = (1280x250/1.1) = 290.91kN
' gy 1000

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Strength of plate in rupture at critical section (1- 1, 2 - 2, 3 - 3),

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cp cb

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1 2 3

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For critical section 1-1,
Anet = [ 160 - 3 X (18 + 2)] X 8 = 800 mm 2 |
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For critical section 2- 2,
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A 40
= (160-4x20)+--x2 ] x8=896 mm"
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For critical section 3 - 3,

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2
4x40 ] x8=992 mnr'
A 1 = (160-5x20)+--
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Hence, most critical section is 1-1, which gives the minimum net area= 800 mm"
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So, strength of plate in rupture,

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T = 0.9Aneln = 0.9x800x410 = 236_16kN

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gn "{ mw 1.25 X 1000

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Hence, strength of plate is 236.16 kN.

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4. Write short note on followings;

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(a) Disadvantages of riveting.

(b) Black bolts.
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(a) Disadvantages of riveting:

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1. It causes high level of noise pollution.

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2. It needs heating the rivet to red hot.

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 E25: Most Important Questions I RPSC-AE Mains I Civil Engineering: TOl Design of Steel Structures

3. Skilled labor is required to inspect of connection, so labor cost will be high.

4. Removal of poorly installed rivets is costly.
(b) Black bolts:

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1. These are made by mild steel rods with square or hexagonal head.
2. In structural elements to be connected holes are made larger than nominal diameter of bolts.

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3. Joints remain quite loose resulting into large deflections.

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4. These bolts are used for light structures, such as, trusses, bracings, etc.

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5. Briefly mention, the difference between lap joint and butt joint.
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Lap joint are the simplest type of joint in which plates to be connected overlap one another.

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However, in Butt joint connections, two main plates butt against each other and the connection is

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made by a single cover plate connected to main plate or by double cover plates, one on either sides

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connected to the main plates.

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20 Marks

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1. Determine the tensile strength of a roof truss member 2 ISA 9060X60 mm connected to the

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gusset plate of 8 mm by 4 mm weld as shown in figure. The effective length of weld is 180

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mm.

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ISA 9060, 6mm

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4:mm WE~
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Sol.
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Gross area of angles, Ag = [(90 + 60- 6) x 6] x 2 = 1728 mm"

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Area of connected leg, A= = {[90- ~ x 6} x 2 = I 044 mm
2
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Area of outs tan ding leg, A,. = {[ 60- ~ x 6} x 2 = 684 mm'
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Strength governed by yielding,

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T = A/y = 1728x250 = 392.72 kN

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gy "{ 1.1 X 1000

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Strength governed by rupture,

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 E25: Most Im portant Questions I RPSC-AE Mains I Civil Engineering: TOl Design of Steel Structures

Tgn = 0.9fuAnc + ~ AgJy

"f mw "f

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wf b

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Here; ..A=
., 1.4-0.076-i-
t f L • , w = 60mm, b " = 60 mm, t = 6 mm, and Lw = 180 mm.

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60 250 60 9
So, ~ = 1.4- 0.076 X X X = 1.2455 < 0. fu "{ mn = 1.3

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6 410 180 fy y

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So T = 0.9x410x1044 +1.2455x 684x250

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' gn 1.25 X 1000 1. 1 X 1000

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::::} Tgn = 308.1888+ 193.6186 = 501.8074 kN

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Strength governed by block shear,

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Area under shear,Avg = Avn = (2 X 180 X 8) = 2880mm2

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Area undertension,A1g = Atn = 90 x 8 = 720 mnr'

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Strength in block shear is smaller of;

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(i) Tdb = fyAvg + 0.9Atnfu = 250x2880 + 0.9x720x410 = 590.4459 kN

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fjy "{ mw fj X 1.1 X 1000 1.25 X 1000
. ") 0.9fuAvn Atgfy 0.9 x 410 x 2880 720 x 250 48 kN
(11 T =---+--=------+---= 654 . 5 6
db "Jy mw "{ fj X 1.25 X 1000 1. 1 X 1000
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So, Tdb = 590.4459 kN

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So, strength of tension member = 392. 72 kN.

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2. Design a suitable fillet weld for the bracket as shown below. Thickness of bracket plate is
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10 mm and the column used is 1SHB300@618 Nim. Take, thickness of flange as 10.6 mm.
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Working load, P = 100 kN

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So, factored load= 1.5 x 100 = 150 kN

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Depth of flange= 10.6 mm,

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So, weld size= 10.6-1.5 = 9.1 mm (max).

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 E25: Most Important Questions I RPSC-AE Mains I Civil Engineering: TOl Design of Steel Structures

Assume, weld size = 8 mm

So, throat thickness= 0.7 x 8 = 5.6mm

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410
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Shear resistance of weld, fw = r:: 1.25 x Jj = 189.37N / mm '
mw '13

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(assume weld as shopweld)

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Depth of weld required to resist bending alone,

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3

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h = ~ 6M = 6x150xl0 x150 = ZSZ.3mm

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2tfw 2x5.6x189.37

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Add 10% extra depth for cater direct shear, so h = 280 mm.

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. 150x 103
Now, direct shear stress, q = ------ = 47.83 N / mm '

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5.6 X (2 X 280)

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. P xe 150xl03 xl50
And, stress due to bendmg, f = u 2 = = 153.75N / mm 2

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2
2txh 2x5.6x280

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6 6

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So, resultant stress on weld=)f2 +3q2 = 174.65N /mm2 < 189.37N /mm2• Hence safe.

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