Design of the thesis

All of the devices of the system is placed at 2mm PVC plate.

Figure design of the thesis

Operation of the flow chart

The flow chart of the system is started with the serial reading process. The serial reading
process operate with 9600 buard rate. After the serial reading , time is recoded with millisecond
range at EEPROM of the microcontroller. And then comparing and decision process is operated
between update time and record time. when update time is greater than the record time that add
with 1000, the values of update time is equal record time. variable value counting is set “I” that
has 300 times than original value. Analog value is readed from the defined port and is converted
from the analog value to digital values. After the reading input value, comparing new value ( the
last data0 and max value (old data with high value). When new value is greater than max value ,
the new value is greater than max value the new value is defined as the max value. After defining
the input values, values of voltage reading is convert to real time analog value that value is used
to show at LCD display. And then current value reading process are operated with the similar
way of voltage reading. But that has different calculation for changing real time current showing.
Reading voltage and current is multiplied to get real time power values that is displayed in LCD.
And then old reading values (voltage, current and power) is read from EEPROM. After then
electricity unit is calculated based on readed unit and kilowatt per hours. Calculated unit is saved
in the EEPROM. And then serial data transmission is used to send message and upload to the
IOT platform.

Figure flow chart of the system

Operation of the circuit diagram

The main components of IOT based smart electricity metering and billing system are
used Arduino UNO, and ESP 8266. The power supply for changing high AC voltage to low AC
voltage is used step-down transformer. Center tapped power supplying is used to change AC to
DC and read consuming voltage values. Diode 1 is connected 12VDC and ground for supplying
system devices (microcontroller, sensors and modules). The output from the D1 is joined to the
input of the voltage regulator 7805 IC. 7805 IC is used to get sufficient power applying to all
system devices. 1000uf capacitor is fixed at the input of the 7805 IC for getting smooth input
voltage and 220uf capacitor is joined at the output of the regulator IC to resist stall voltage. LED
and 330 ohm resistor is connected at the parallel position of 220uf capacitor for input power
indication. 5V supply of Arduino UNO is connected the output of the regulator IC. A0 of the
Arduino UNO is connected form the output of the diode D2 for reading input voltage values. The
reading value from the A2 is compared with the reading values from the A1 input. SDA and SCL
is operated to show the data that send from the microcontroller. The TX of the microcontroller is
connected with the D2 of the Node MCU. That line is used software serial transmission that data
transmits from the microcontroller to the Node MCU. After sending the updated data, Node
MCU sends updated data to the IOT platform on related website.And the next operation of the
microcontroller is messages sending. This operation is started with the reading values from ACS
712 module that connects load from the input power line. The reading values are saved at the
EEPROM at microcontroller. And then, microcontroller compares old input values that saved
from the EEPROM and new data form the A2. When data is reached defined values,
microcontroller is send data to the Node MCU for notifying to the user.

Figure overall circuit diagram

CHAPTER 4
TEST AND RESULTS

In this chapter, hardware testing and results are shown step by steps. There have power
supply testing, IOT platform testing

4.1 Hardware Test and Results of Power Supply Testing

Power supply is an essential part of the thesis. Power supply circuit is used to get smoothly
operation of microcontroller, module and other components of the system. Most of the needed
power for operation devices is only 5V. So, 7805 voltage regulator is used to get 5V supply
power with enough current. 7805 voltage regulator solves current insufficient problem. It
provides enough current for all operation devices when they operate together. The input and
output voltage measuring and testing are shown in figure 4.1 and figure 4.2.

Figure 4.1 AC Input and Output Measuring

4.2 Test and Results of IOT Platform
The testing of IOT Platform is need ESP 8266, Arduino UNO and Arduino IDE. Firstly,
ESP 8266 module is interfaced with Arduino UNO board. And then sample program is uploaded
to the microcontroller. By using serial communication, checking internet connection, SSID
information, receiving and sending data processes from the Arduino UNO. All of the serial data
read in the serial monitor at Arduino IDE with relative serial rate. So, Software Serial method is
used to solve this problem. The serial data sending results are shown in figure 4.5 and hardware
testing is shown in figure 4.6.

Figure 4.5 Testing Results of serial data sending at Serial Monitor

At the hardware installing, 3.3V and GND of ESP 8266 module is connected with
Arduino UNO board. TX and RX pins of the ESP 8266 are connected with pin 9 and pin 10 of
Arduino UNO board. There is a hardware error that TX and RX pin are disconnected from
Arduino board.

Figure 4.6 Hardware Testing of ESP 8266 module

Testing IOT platform

Thinger.IO platform is used for IOT services. This can connected with ESP 8266 and
receiving data ( temperature, humidity, and other condition) for the monitoring from user. The
steps of creation device and dashboard at Thinger.IO platform are the following.
Figure Creation of Device
Figure Connection with ESP 8266 and Thinger.IO
Figure Software Installation to ESP 8266
Figure Creation dashboard
Figure creation layout for dashboard
Figure monitoring received data at dashboard
Figure generating API for Andoid app
Figure monitoring data at user’s smart phone