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Reliance Industries Limited (RIL) is an India headquartered in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. Reliance owns
businesses across India engaged in energy, petrochemicals, textiles, natural resources, retail, and
telecommunications. Reliance is the most profitable company in India,[4] the largest publicly traded company in
India by market capitalization and the second largest company in India as measured by revenue after the
the world's biggest corporations as of 2016.[7] It is ranked 8th among the Top 250 Global Energy Companies
by Platts as of 2016. Reliance continues to be India’s largest exporter accounting for 8% of India’s total
merchandise exports with a value of Rs 147,755 crore and access to markets in 108 countries.[8]Reliance is
responsible for almost 5% of India’s total revenues from customs and excise duty and is also the highest
Contents
1History
o 1.11960–1980
o 1.21981–2000
o 1.32001 onwards
1
2Shareholding
o 2.1Listing
3Operations
o 3.1Major subsidiaries and associates
4Employees
5Awards and recognition
6Controversies
o 6.1De-merger of RIL in 2005–2006
o 6.2Relationship with ONGC
7See also
8References
9External links
History
1960–1980
The company was co-founded by Dhirubhai Ambani and his brother Champaklal Damani in 1960s as Reliance
Commercial Corporation. In 1965, the partnership ended and Dhirubhai continued the polyester business of
the firm.[10] In 1966, Reliance Textiles Industries Pvt Ltd was incorporated in Maharashtra. It established
a synthetic fabrics mill in the same year naroda in Gujarat In 1975, the company expanded its business into
textiles, with "Vimal" becoming its major brand in later years. The company held its Initial public offering (IPO)
in 1977.[12] The issue was over-subscribed by seven times.[13] In 1979, a textiles company Sidhpur Mills was
amalgamated with the company.[14] In 1980, the company expanded its polyester yarn business by setting up a
Polyester Filament Yarn Plant in Raigad, Maharashtra with financial and technical collaboration with E. I. du
Pont de Nemours & Co., U.S.[11]
1981–2000[edit]
In 1985, the name of the company was changed from Reliance Textiles Industries Ltd. to Reliance Industries
Ltd.[11] During the years 1985 to 1992, the company expanded its installed capacity for
producing polyester yarn by over 145,000 tonnes per annum.[11]
The Hazira petrochemical plant was commissioned in 1991–92.[15]
In 1993, Reliance turned to the overseas capital markets for funds through a global depositary issue of
Reliance Petroleum. In 1996, it became the first private sector company in India to be rated by international
credit rating agencies. S&P rated Reliance "BB+, stable outlook, constrained by the sovereign
ceiling". Moody's rated "Baa3, Investment grade, constrained by the sovereign ceiling".[16]
In 1995/96, the company entered the telecom industry through a joint venture with NYNEX, USA and promoted
Reliance Telecom Private Limited in India.[15]
In 1998/99, RIL introduced packaged LPG in 15 kg cylinders under the brand name Reliance Gas.[15]
The years 1998–2000 saw the construction of the integrated petrochemical complex at Jamnagar in Gujarat,
[15]
the largest refinery in the world.
2001 onwards[edit]
In 2001, Reliance Industries Ltd. and Reliance Petroleum Ltd. became India's two largest companies in terms
of all major financial parameters.[17] In 2001–02, Reliance Petroleum was merged with Reliance Industries.[12] In
2002, Reliance announced India's biggest gas discovery (at the Krishna Godavari basin) in nearly three
decades and one of the largest gas discoveries in the world during 2002. The in-place volume of natural gas
was in excess of 7 trillion cubic feet, equivalent to about 1.2 billion barrels of crude oil. This was the first ever
discovery by an Indian private sector company.[12][18] In 2002–03, RIL purchased a majority stake in Indian
2
Petrochemicals Corporation Ltd. (IPCL), India's second largest petrochemicals company, from Government of
India.[19] IPCL was later merged with RIL in 2008.[20][21] In the years 2005 and 2006, the company reorganized its
business by demerging its investments in power generation and distribution, financial services and
telecommunication services into four separate entities.[22] In 2006, Reliance entered the organised retail market
in India[23] with the launch of its retail store format under the brand name of 'Reliance Fresh'.[24][25] By the end of
2008, Reliance retail had close to 600 stores across 57 cities in India.[12] In November 2009, Reliance Industries
issued 1:1 bonus shares to its shareholders. In 2010, Reliance entered Broadband services market with
acquisition of Infotel Broadband Services Limited, which was the only successful bidder for pan-India fourth-
generation (4G) spectrum auction held by Government of India.[26][27] In the same year, Reliance
and BP announced a partnership in the oil and gas business. BP took a 30 per cent stake in 23 oil and gas
production sharing contracts that Reliance operates in India, including the KG-D6 block for $7.2 billion.
[28]
Reliance also formed a 50:50 joint venture with BP for sourcing and marketing of gas in India.[29] In 2017, RIL
set up a joint venture with Russian Company Sibur for setting up a Butyl rubber plant in Jamnagar, Gujarat to
be operational by 2018
3
RELIANCE JIO
Reliance Jio Infocomm Limited, or Jio, is an LTE mobile network operator in India. It is a
wholly owned subsidiary of Reliance Industries headquartered in Navi
Mumbai, Maharashtra that provides wireless 4G LTE service network (without 2G/3G based
services) and is the only 'VoLTE-only' (Voice over LTE) operator in the country which lacks
legacy network support of 2G and 3G, with coverage across all 22 telecom circles in India
The services were first beta-launched to Jio's partners and employees on 27 December 2015
on the eve of 83rd birth anniversary of late Dhirubhai Ambani, founder of Reliance IndustriesAnd
later services were commercially launched on 5th September 2016.
Contents
1History
o 1.1Beta launch
o 1.2Commercial launch
o 1.3Alliance
2Network
o 2.1Radio frequency summary
o 2.2Partnerships
3Products and Services
o 3.1JioPhone
o 3.24G Broadband
o 3.3LYF Smartphones
o 3.4Jionet WiFi
o 3.5Jio apps
o 3.6Affordable 4G Phones
o 3.7JioFi
4Branding and marketing
o 4.1Pokémon Go
5Reception of Jio Prime
6Controversies
o 6.1Issue with incumbents
o 6.2Alleged subscriber data breach
7See also
8References
9External links
History
4
Jio's headquarters in RCP, Navi Mumbai
Beta launch
The 4G services were launched internally to Jio's partners, its staff and their families on 27
December 2015. Bollywood actor Shah Rukh Khan, who is also the brand ambassador of Jio,
kickstarted the launch event which took place in Reliance Corporate Park in Navi Mumbai, along
with celebrities like musician A R Rahman, actors Ranbir Kapoor and Javed Jaffrey, and
filmmaker Rajkumar Hirani.[13] The closed event was witnessed by more than
35000 RIL employees some of whom were virtually connected from around 1000 locations
including Dallas in the US Commercial launch
5
The company commercially launched its services on 5 September 2016.]Within the first month of
commercial operations, Jio announced that it had acquired 16 million subscribers. This is the
fastest ramp-up by any mobile network operator anywhere in the world. Jio crossed 50 million
subscriber mark in 83 days since its launch. subsequently crossing 100 million subscribers on
22 February 2017] By October 2017 it had about 130 million subscribers
Alliance
Jio, in February 2016 announced a global alliance of Mobile Network Operators which include
BT Group
Deutsche Telekom
Millicom
Orange S.A.
Rogers Communications
MTS (network provider)
Telia Company
Telecom Italia
Network
Radio frequency summary
Jio owns spectrum in 850 MHz and 1,800 MHz bands in ten and six circles, respectively, of
India's 22 circles, and also owns pan-India licensed 2,300 MHz spectrum. The spectrum is valid
till 2035.
Andhra Pradesh & Telangana
Assam
Bihar & Jharkhand
Delhi
6
FDD-LTE FDD-LTE TDD-LTE
Telecom circle 1800MHz 850MHz 2300MHz
Band 3 Band 5 Band 40
Gujarat
Haryana
Himachal Pradesh
Karnataka
Kerala
Kolkata
Madhya Pradesh & Chhattisgarh
Maharashtra
Goa
North East
Odisha
Punjab
7
FDD-LTE FDD-LTE TDD-LTE
Telecom circle 1800MHz 850MHz 2300MHz
Band 3 Band 5 Band 40
Rajasthan
Tamil Nadu
West Bengal
Partnerships
Jio shares spectrum with Reliance Communications. The sharing deal is for 800 MHz band
across seven circles other than the 10 circles for which Jio already owns] In September 2016,
Jio signed a pact with BSNL for intra-circle roaming which would enable users of the operators
to use each other's 4G and 2G spectrum in national roamingmod[ In February 2017, Jio
announced a partnership with Samsung to work on LTE - Advanced Pro and 5G.
JioPhone
On 21 July 2017, Jio introduced its first affordable 4G feature phone, powered by KaiOS, named
as JioPhone. The price announced for it is ₹ 0 with a security deposit of ₹ 1500 which can be
withdrawn back by the user by returning the JioPhone at Jio stores only after 3 years. This
phone was released for beta users on 15 August 2017 and pre-booking for regular users started
on 24 August 2017.
4G Broadband
The company launched its 4G broadband services throughout India on September 2016. It was
slated to release in December 2015 after some reports said that the company was waiting to
receive final permits from the government. JIO offers fourth-generation (4G) data and voice
services, along with peripheral services like instant messaging and streaming movies and
music[.
8
The company has a network of more than 250,000 km of fiber optic cables in the country, over
which it will be partnering with local cable operators to get broader connectivity for its broadband
services.[31] With its multi-service operator (MSO) licence, Jio will also serve as a TV channel
distributor and will offer television-on-demand on its network.
LYF Smartphones
Main article: LYF
In June 2015, Jio entered into an agreement with domestic handset maker Intex to supply 4G
handsets capable of voice over LTE (VoLTE).[33]However, in October 2015, Jio announced that it
would be launching its own mobile handset brand named LYF.[34][35][36]
On 25 January 2016, the company launched its LYF smartphone series starting with Water 1,
through its chain of electronic retail outlets, Reliance Retail.[37] Three more handset models have
been released so far, namely Water 2,[38] Earth 1,[39] and Flame 1.[40][41]
Jionet WiFi
Prior to its pan-India launch of 4G data and telephony services, Jio has started providing
free Wi-Fi hotspot services in cities throughout India including Surat, Ahmedabad in Gujarat,
and Visakhapatnam in Andhra Pradesh,[42] Indore, Jabalpur, Dewas and Ujjain[43] in Madhya
Pradesh, select locations of Mumbai in Maharashtra,[44] Kolkata in West Bengal,
[45]
Lucknow in Uttar Pradesh,[46] Bhubaneswar in Odisha,[47] Mussoorie in Uttarakhand,
[48]
Collectorate's Office in Meerut,[49] and at MG Road in Vijayawada[50] among others.
In March 2016, Jio started providing free Wi-Fi internet to spectators at six cricket stadiums
hosting the 2016 ICC World Twenty20 matches. Jionet was made available in Wankhede
Stadium (Mumbai), Punjab Cricket Association IS Bindra Stadium (Mohali), Himachal Pradesh
Cricket Association Stadium (Dharamshala), Chinnaswamy Stadium (Bengaluru), Feroz Shah
Kotla (Delhi), and Eden Gardens (Kolkata) in India.[51]
Jio apps
9
Jio sim card pouch as distributed by Reliance Jio Infocomm
In May 2016, Jio launched a bundle of multimedia apps on Google Play as part of its upcoming
4G services. While the apps are available to download for everyone, a user will require a
Jio SIM card to use them. Additionally, most of the apps are in beta phase.[52] Following is a list
of the apps:
MyJio - Manage Jio Account and Digital Services associated with it[53][54]
JioTV - A live TV channel service
JioCinema - An online HD video library[55]
JioChat Messenger - An instant messaging app[56]
JioMusic - A music player
Jio4GVoice (earlier JioJoin) - A VoLTE phone simulator[57]
JioMags - E-reader for magazines[58]
JioXpressNews - A news and magazine aggregator
JioSecurity - Security app[59]
JioDrive - Cloud-based backup tool[60]
JioMoney Wallet - An online payments/wallet app[61]
JioSwitch - Transfer content
JioNet - Connect to JioNet Wi-fi
Affordable 4G Phones
Reliance Jio has teamed up with Google to manufacture affordable 4G handsets. These phones
will run exclusively on Jio network. The two companies are also working on developing a
software for smart-TV services. Both are expected to launch in 2017.[62]
JioFi
Jio has also launched Wi-Fi routers by the name JioFi.[63]
10
Jio logo before September 2016
On December 24, 2015, Bollywood actor Shah Rukh Khan was appointed as Jio's brand
ambassador.[64][65][66]
Pokémon Go
Location-based AR game Pokémon Go was launched in India in December, 2016 in
collaboration with Jio in which hundreds of Jio stores and other Reliance marts and shopping
malls like Reliance Trends and Reliance Digital became Sponsored PokéStops and Gyms.[67]
Controversies
Issue with incumbents
In September 2016, the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) summoned Jio and the
country's existing telecom operators like Bharti Airtel, Vodafone, and Idea Cellular to meet and
discuss an issue regarding interconnection between the operators. This was a result after Jio
complained to TRAI and Department of Telecom (DoT) about other operators not honoring their
commercial agreements to let Jio use their network resources. The company further added that
the operators are trying to sabotage its entry into the telecom scene. However, DoT dismissed
the request and directed TRAI to help settle the dispute amicably. Moreover, the Cellular
Operators Association of India (COAI) requested TRAI to include all the operators in the
discussion instead of the three.[69]
The incumbent operators had previously approached the country's PMO to reiterate their stance
they "are in no way obliged or in any position to entertain Jio's requests for interconnection
points as they do not have either the network or the financial resources to terminate the latter's
humongous volumes of potentially asymmetric voice traffic." Responding to this, Mukesh
Ambani, owner of Jio, said, "All operators have publicly said last week that they will provide this
(interconnect and MNP). So, we are waiting. These are all great companies. They have their
own reputations to protect. I am confident they won't violate the law." Commenting about
number portability, he added, "The number belongs to the consumer. No operator can cause
11
trouble if they want to change operators."[70] However, on 12 September 2016, Idea Cellular
agreed to allow Jio to use 196 of its interconnection acces
12
SOME COMPETITORS OF RELIANCE JIO
13
CHAPTER-3
Reliance Jio:
Reliance Jio Infocomm Limited is the subsidiary company of Reliance
industry which provides 4G network service. Jio is the only Vo-LTE(voice over
LTE) provider in the country.
Launch :
14
Service was first Beta- Launched to its employees and partners in Dec 2015 and
then later in September 2016 it was launched commercially for the public.
Reliance Jio had already made a lot of buzz before the launch because of its
amazing offers and it also showed in the results according to the reports in the
very first month after its release Reliance Jio has acquired 16 million subscriber
which is highest for any service provider in the world. The number has
increased to 50 million in 3 months and today Reliance Jio has more than 120
million users.
Shahrukh Khan was appointed as the brand ambassador for the product.
Offerings :
Reliance Jio has a whole range of products to offer than its 4G network.
Jio Apps: Jio has launched number of multimedia apps available on Google play
store which requires Jio SIM card to function like JioTV, Jio Cinema, Jio Music
and much more.
Jio Wifi: Jio is also offering a portable wifi hotspot device through which you
can access fast speed internet on your 2G and 3G devices by connecting your
device to it. It comes at a very affordable price range of 2000-3000. So if you
do not have 4G enabled phone you don’t have to buy a new handset.
15
Offers for Customer:
Reliance Jio was launched with free unlimited calling and data usage for 3
months which was extended for another three months later as a special
offer.This was one of the biggest reason for its popularity among the masses.
After April 2017 customer has to pay for their calls and data usage there are
many very reasonable price plans from which you can choose to use.
Reliance Jio offers and data rates were so low that many people switched their
existing network to Jio which cause a lot of unrest to the other operators due to
which they have to make some drastic changes to remain in the competition.
The merger of Idea with Vodafone and Airtel with Telenor are the result of that.
Also, the data usage rates for other operators also came down drastically. It is
safe to say that Jio has completely changed the way network operator used to
charge the customers for the services.
16
Low data usage rates made it possible not only in the urban area but also in
rural areas. As per the reports in India, 48% of total internet users are from
rural areas.
17